EP3334876B1 - Securing device with a front hood and a bayonet-type closure system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a safety device, comprising a front hood and a hood lock with a lock holder, for a motor vehicle.

Such a safety device is from the DE 198 12 835 A1 known. The safety device described therein has a catch hook actuating arrangement, which is realized by means of a lever construction and in which no rotational components occur. As a result, this safety device is characterized by a very simple structure. A first step for unlocking a front hood is usually made possible by an operation of a Bowden cable from the vehicle interior ago. For example, in the DE 10 2007 061 544 A1 an actuating lever for the unlocking of a hood described which is arranged in the passenger compartment and is connected via a Bowden cable with a hood lock in mechanical connection. Furthermore, the DE 10 2005 044 079 A1 a release of a hood lock on a Bowden cable.

A use of a Bowden cable has the disadvantage that this starting from the vehicle interior towards the front portion of the front hood, in which the hood lock is arranged, must be performed by several components in the engine compartment, for which space in the engine compartment is needed and thus less space for an arrangement of this Components in the engine compartment is available. Thus, the prior art safety device restricts possibilities of arranging other components in the engine compartment and is therefore impractical for manufacturing and construction aspects. A use of the Bowden cable to unlock the front cover is also impractical for an operator, since this one end of the Bowden cable, which Mostly located below a dashboard, must grope search, and only with considerable force can move the Bowden cable.

From the U.S. 4,815,775 a safety device for a motor vehicle is known which comprises a front hood and a hood lock with a lock holder, wherein the hood lock comprises a rotary latch with a pre-locking position and a main latching position and an electric drive. The electric drive causes a switching of the rotary latch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position. In the main position the front hood is locked and closed.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a safety device of the type mentioned, which is more practical compared to a previously known safety device.

This object is achieved by a safety device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention will become apparent from the other claims, the description and the figures.

In order to provide a safety device which is more practical compared to a previously known safety device, the hood lock has a bayonet lock system with a closed position, a release position and an intermediate position, wherein in the closed position, the rotary latch is in the main latching position. In the intermediate position, the rotary latch is in the pre-locking position and the lock holder is engaged with the rotary latch. In the release position of the lock holder is released from the catch and the front cover unlocked and the catch is preferably in the pre-locked position.

The electric drive is preferably via a switch and / or a control unit, which or which with the electric drive via at least a cable is connected, controllable, switched on and / or off and preferably rotationally controllable in a first direction and optionally rotatably controllable in a second direction opposite to the first direction. In particular, a rotational movement of the electric drive causes a switching of the rotary latch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position. The fact that the electric drive is connected via a cable to the switch and / or the control unit, can be dispensed with a guided through the engine compartment Bowden cable for unlocking the front cover, with an arrangement of other components in the engine compartment is facilitated. Also, a switch with which the electric drive is actuated, be placed anywhere on a dashboard of the motor vehicle, so that the safety device for an operator easier to unlock and thus is more practical.

In the main locking position, the rotary latch is locked in an opening direction of rotation, which is predetermined by a rotation of the rotary latch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position. The rotary latch has a, preferably fork-shaped, inlet mouth, which is formed by a load arm and a tentacle. In the main locking position, the inlet mouth engages around the lock holder such that manual release of the lock holder is blocked, ie, the lock holder is manually immobile when the catch is in the main latching position and, in particular, can not be completely mechanically released with a single handgrip. The lock holder can be designed as a bolt, pin or striker. In particular, the lock holder is blocked in the main locking position by means of the load arm. The lock holder can be generally regarded as a releasable connecting element between the rotary latch and the front hood, which cooperates directly with the catch and lockable and unlockable by means of the catch, wherein a lock or unlocking of the lock holder causes a locking or unlocking of the front cover.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the lock holder is arranged on the front hood and the rotary latch and the bayonet lock system on a stationary component of the safety device. In a different embodiment, the lock holder can also be arranged on a stationary component of the safety device and the rotary latch and preferably the bayonet lock system on the front hood. The resulting greater inertia of the front hood, when closing the front hood a rebound effect of the front hood, which preferably counteracted in the pre-locking position of the load arm of the rotary latch, reduce.

By the electric drive of the hood lock an arrangement of the catch on the front hood can be easier to implement, since in this embodiment, only a cable instead of a Bowden cable must be performed along the movable front hood. Furthermore, an arrangement of the rotary latch on the front hood from a production point of view be advantageous in that the catch and the electric drive can be mounted better on a single front hood than in an already stocked engine compartment.

Preferably, the hood lock on a rotary latch blocking element, such as a pawl, which locks the catch in the main latching position and / or in the pre-locking position, which means a blocking of the catch in the opening direction. Moreover, it is within the scope of the invention that the catch has a Vorrastkontur and a main catch contour, each of which can interact independently with a counter-latching contour of the Drehfallenblockierelementes upon rotation of the rotary latch in the opening direction and in a closed direction of rotation, which is opposite to the opening direction of rotation, cooperate.

With a rotation of the rotary latch in the closing direction of rotation, the pre-locking contour or the main locking contour particularly advantageously passes the counter-latching contour of the locking pawl. The Vorrastkontur or the main catch contour seen in the closing direction of rotation before the counter-locking contour of the pawl, engages the counter-locking contour, preferably spring loaded, in the Vorrastkontur or in the main catch contour and blocks rotation of the catch in the opening direction, the catch the Vorraststellung or Haupttraststellung occupies. Advantageously, a rotary latch spring element acts on the rotary latch in the opening direction of rotation, whereby in the pre-latching position or the main latching position, respectively, the pre-latching contour or the main latching contour is pressed against the counter-latching contour. The rotary latch spring element can be tensioned in the direction of the closed position during a movement of the front hood, wherein the lock holder touches the rotary latch. A tensioned rotary latch spring element can enable an independently driven switching of the rotary latch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position, wherein such a switchover can be triggered by means of the electric drive, for example by driving the rotary latch blocking element.

A special embodiment provides that the catch is immobile beyond the Vorraststellung without a lock by means of the pawl in the opening direction of rotation, i. that the rotary latch with the pre-locking position has an opening end position. In a different embodiment, the rotary latch has an opening end position, in which the rotary latch is rotated from the pre-locking position in the opening direction of rotation.

In the main position of the catch the front hood is closed. Closed means that the front hood, which is movable in a first direction in an open position and in a second, opposite to the first direction to a closed position, is in the closed position. In particular, it is provided with a closed bonnet that a elastic element of the safety device, such as a rubber seal, which in the closed position adjacent to the front cover or is arranged on the front hood, is compressed. For the purposes of the invention, a front hood means a hood which is arranged in front of a windshield of the motor vehicle in the vehicle direction.

Based on the main latching position of the rotary latch causes the electric drive in its activation or control switching the catch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position. The electric drive can be activated, for example, from the vehicle interior or by remote control from the vehicle exterior. In the pre-locking position of the rotary latch, the lock holder is movable between a closed position in which the lock holder is engaged with the rotary latch and an open position in which the lock holder is released from the rotary latch. The catch is blocked in the pre-locking position, preferably via the pawl, in the opening direction of rotation. The catch blocked by means of this engagement, a movement of the front cover in the open position, if the lock holder is in the closed position, which corresponds to a locking of the front cover. However, in the Vorraststellung the catch the bonnet is not closed.

In an embodiment in which the lock holder is arranged on the front hood, the rotary latch in the pre-locking position and in the closed position of the lock holder blocks a movement of the lock holder at least in a blocking direction, which corresponds to a movement of the front hood in the open position and preferably substantially perpendicular oriented to a vehicle longitudinal axis.

Preferably, the rotary latch moves when switching from the main latching position in the pre-locking position on the lock holder, the front cover in the direction of the open position of the front cover. Advantageously, in this movement of the Front hood provided an engagement portion for gripping a handle for the bayonet lock system.

The switching of the rotary latch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position is effected according to the invention by means of the electric drive, which preferably has an output shaft. This can be realized in a special embodiment via a release lever, which is acted upon via the output shaft of the electric drive, wherein the release lever causes during a movement of the output shaft unlatching of the rotary latch from the main latching position. For example, the release lever, against a spring force acting on the pawl, move the pawl and move the counter-latching contour away from the main catch contour, whereby in a particular embodiment the catch is moved from the main latch position to the pre-latch position by means of the tensioned rotary latch spring element , Accordingly, according to the invention, effecting the switching of the rotary latch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position also includes triggering this switching.

Furthermore, it is possible that the release lever releases a prestressed force spring upon movement of the output shaft, which unlocks the pawl against its Federaufschlagung. This variant has the advantage that the electric drive can be made smaller, since only the preloaded force spring must be solved by means of the drive. However, in this embodiment, an additional gear for tensioning the power spring by means of the electric drive may be necessary. Advantageously, the force spring in a rotation of the rotary latch in the closing direction of rotation can be tensioned, preferably weight-assisted by a movement of the front hood in the closed position tensioned.

A further embodiment can provide that the output shaft of the electric drive acts directly on the pawl and unlocks the counter-latching contour of the pawl from the main catch contour upon activation of the electric drive. An advantage of this embodiment is that no transmission member between the output shaft and the pawl is necessary.

A particularly advantageous variant provides for a mechanical coupling between the bayonet lock system and the lock holder. In the present case, the mechanical coupling may be designed such that an adjustment of the bayonet closure system from the intermediate position towards the release position corresponds to an adjustment of the lock holder from the closed position to the open position. Particularly advantageously, in the pre-locking position of the rotary latch, the lock holder can be moved into the open position via the mechanical coupling with the aid of the bayonet locking system, wherein a release of the front hood is effected.

Starting from a closed state of the front hood, a double operation of the safety device is provided for unlocking the front hood. On the one hand, an activation of the electric drive for switching the rotary latch from the main latching position into the pre-latching position and, on the other hand, transferring the bayonet-locking system from the intermediate position to the release position. This redundancy gives this variant of the safety device a higher security compared to a safety device without an additional operation of a bayonet locking system or without an operation of an electric drive.

In a particular embodiment, the bayonet lock system is manually convertible from the intermediate position to the release position. Manually convertible means in particular exclusively mechanically, ie without power and without electrical aids.

The bayonet lock system is preferably spring loaded in the intermediate position. Such a spring loading has the advantage that for adjusting the lock holder from the closed position to the open position, the required force for an operator is reduced compared to an embodiment without a bayonet lock system with a spring action and thus the ease of use of the safety device is increased. On the one hand, an adjustment of the bayonet locking system from the intermediate position to the release position can be triggered via a release lever, wherein the release lever is manually movable, in particular for an operator of the security device. In this case, the release lever preferably releases a tensioned drive spring, which moves the bayonet locking system from the intermediate position to the release position.

On the other hand can be provided by means of a manually movable handle an adjustment of the bayonet lock system from the intermediate position to the release position. In other words, the bayonet lock system in the pre-locking position of the rotary latch by an operator manually adjustable, in particular mechanically detachable. Particularly advantageous is a provision of manual access to the bayonet lock system when switching the rotary latch provided by the main latching position in the pre-locking position. For example, the handle can be reached by a raised front hood after switching the catch.

In a further development, the rotary latch follows at least partially an adjustment of the rotation via a rotation in the opening direction of rotation Bayonet locking system from the intermediate position to the release position. Preferably, in this embodiment, the rotary latch can be released manually from the pre-locking position. In an embodiment with a particularly high degree of safety, the front hood can be unlocked from the pre-locking position of the rotary latch by means of at least two manual actuations, firstly by manually releasing the rotary latch from the pre-locking position and secondly by manually transferring the bayonet-locking system from the intermediate position to the release position.

A further embodiment can provide that via manual release of the catch from the pre-locking position, the rotary latch spring-loaded rotates in the opening direction, thereby moving the bayonet lock from the intermediate position to the release position. In this case, the bayonet lock system from the intermediate position to the release position is manually transferred indirectly via a release of the catch from the pre-locking position.

In the release position of the bayonet lock system, the lock holder is in the open position and is released from the catch. As a result, a blockage of a movement of the front hood is lifted in the direction of the open position, which corresponds to unlocking the front hood. The lock holder is preferably spring-loaded in the closed position, and is receivable or catchable by means of the catch arm of the rotary latch when the front hood closes.

In the context of a particularly preferred variant, the safety device has a mechanical operative connection between the electric drive and the rotary latch during the switching over of the rotary latch from the main latching position into the pre-latching position. Advantageously, the safety device in each intermediate position of the rotary latch between the Main load position and the pre-locking position a force-transmitting active connection chain starting from the electric drive on the catch to the lock holder ready.

For example, the mechanical operative connection by an output gear, which is positively connected to the output shaft of the electric drive, and a drive gear, which is positively connected to the rotary latch, may be formed, wherein the output gear meshes with the drive gear. Driving the rotary latch by means of the electric drive when switching from the main latching position to the pre-latching position allows a smaller dimensioning of the rotary latch spring element, whereby space can be saved in the immediate vicinity of the rotary latch. A special embodiment of the safety device can even provide no rotary latch spring element. Preferably, the electric drive in the generator mode is operable to form a mechanical resistance of the rotary latch against movement of the front cover in the direction of the closed position when catching the front hood by means of the rotary latch.

In a further embodiment, the mechanical operative connection can be formed by a worm, which is positively connected to the output shaft of the electric drive, and a worm wheel, which is positively connected to the rotary latch, wherein the worm engages in the worm wheel. In any event, a mechanical engagement means that movement of the output shaft directly causes movement of the rotary latch, i. the output shaft is mechanically coupled to the rotary latch.

By means of the mechanical operative connection between the electric drive and the rotary latch, it is possible and within the scope of the invention that a movement of the front hood in the open position during the switching the catch from the main position to the pre-locking position is controllable, ie that both an initial acceleration of the front hood and a Abbremsbeschleunigung shortly before reaching the Vorraststellung the catch is controllable, the initial acceleration and Abbremsbeschleunigung advantageously have an asymptotic course over time. For example, as the catch approaches the pre-lock position, the deceleration acceleration may be asymptotically reduced to zero over time, thereby allowing post-swing of the front cover to be minimized after the catch has reached the pre-lock position. As a result, the handle or the trigger lever for operating the bayonet lock system is easier to grip and it can be a more comfortable unlocking the front hood provided, especially if an operator is located directly in front of the front hood and activates the electric drive using a remote control.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the safety device has a mechanical operative connection between the electric drive and the rotary latch during the switching of the rotary latch from the pre-latching position to the main latching position. In this case, the mechanical operative connection can be formed as described above, i. for example by means of output gear and drive gear or by means of worm and worm wheel.

The mechanical operative connection between the electric drive and the rotary latch during the switching over of the rotary latch from the pre-locking position into the main latching position results in a more powerful and, in particular, controllable locking of the rotary latch into the main latching position in comparison with the prior art. A more powerful and in particular a controllable engagement of the rotary latch allows realization of a smaller gap between the front hood in the closed state and another on the front hood adjacent body part, for example, a headlight. Advantageously, a power transmission is provided by the electric drive to the rotary latch, which increases as the rotary latch approaches the main latching position. As a result, the elastic element, which bears against the front hood when the bonnet is closed, can be compressed by the electric drive.

Particularly advantageously, by means of the mechanical operative connection between the electric drive and the rotary latch during the switching of the rotary latch from the pre-locking position to the main detent position, the rotary latch can be held in a position in which the main latching contour is located immediately before the counter-latching contour of the detent pawl during a latching operation in the closing direction of rotation , Holding the rotary latch in this position, for example for 10 to 100 milliseconds, allows the latching action of the counter-latching contour into the main latching contour to be considerably delayed compared to prior art embodiments. Thus, in the safety devices according to the prior art, a pawl spring which moves the counter-latching contour via the pawl into the main catch contour, must be designed so that within a possible engagement period, which upon rotation of the rotary latch in the closing direction with the passing of the main catch contour on the Counter-locking contour begins and ends with a passing of the main locking contour on the counter-latching contour upon rotation of the rotary latch in the opening direction, the pawl moves so fast that the counter-latching contour engages the main latching contour within the possible latching period. This requires a corresponding spring force, which must be greater the shorter the engagement period. In the prior art, one way is to extend the lock-in period by increasing a gap between the bonnet in the closed state and the other body part, as this increases the distance traversing the main cam contour within the lock-in period. On Manual holding the front cover would be in a position in which the main locking contour is in a locking operation in the closing direction immediately before the counter-locking contour of the pawl and the elastic element is compressed, with too little gap too power consuming.

By means of the mechanical operative connection between the electric drive and the rotary latch during the switching of the rotary latch from the pre-locking position to the main locking position, the duration of the locking period can be arbitrarily increased, since the rotary latch can be held in any position for any length of time by means of the electric drive. Thus, a smaller dimensioning of the pawl spring is possible, which saves weight and material costs. Also, the gap between the front hood and the other body part can be significantly reduced, since the Einrastzeitraum no longer depends on the gap. Such a safety device is therefore more practical from a manufacturing and design point of view than one according to the prior art.

Particularly advantageously, by means of the controlled compressible elastic element, a gap between the closed front hood and at least the other body element variable, it being possible to compensate for manufacturing tolerances, which influence a gap between the front cover and the other body element. This represents a production-related simplification. In detail, this can be realized with a main catch contour of the catch which can be adjusted along the opening or closing direction of rotation. For example, the main locking contour can be arranged independently of the Vorrastkontur on a disc, which is detectable in the opening direction of rotation or in the closing direction of rotation of the catch by means of locking elements. In detail, the locking elements can be determined by tightening, for example by means of a screw in adjustable locking positions.

In a further embodiment it is provided that the electric drive causes an adjustment of the bayonet lock system from the closed position to the intermediate position. In this case, the electric drive can cause the adjustment of the bayonet lock system in a similar manner as in effecting the switching of the rotary latch from the main latching position to the pre-latching position. For example, as already described above, the electric drive can act on an additional pawl via a release lever, wherein the bayonet locking system is pretensioned and held by means of the additional pawl. Furthermore, an immediate application of the additional pawl or a release of a prestressed force spring, which acts on the additional pawl, be provided by means of the electric drive or an additional mechanical operative connection between the electric drive and the bayonet lock system. In this case, the additional mechanical active connection may be formed as described above, i. for example by means of output gear and drive gear or by means of worm and worm wheel.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the bayonet closure system has at least a first closure member and a second closure member, wherein the first closure member is designed to be adjustable to the second closure member. By way of illustration, but not limitation, it is assumed in the following that the first closure member is rotatably arranged on a stationary component of the security device. Depending on the position of the bayonet closure system, the second closure member preferably forms a contact with the lock holder or is spatially separated from the lock holder. For example, a contact may be a loose contact with the lock holder and the second closure member contacting one another at a contact pad or point. Furthermore, a contact be implemented by means of a mechanical coupling, for example, the closure member and the lock holder interlock.

In an advantageous embodiment, the second closure member is spatially separated from the lock holder in the closed position and forms a contact with the lock holder in the intermediate position. In the release position, in one embodiment, contact between the second closure member and the lock holder may be preferred for a short time, i. Continuing for 0.01 to 1 second when unlocking the front cover. In a different embodiment, a contact between the second closure member and the lock holder is made in the release position up to a lifting of the front hood for opening the front hood.

An adjustability between the first and the second closure member is preferably realized in that the first closure member to the second closure member is rotatable and / or displaceable. A rotatability or displaceability is in particular produced or canceled depending on the position of the bayonet closure system.

An advantageous embodiment provides that in the closed position of the bayonet closure system, the first closure member occupies a closing angle position relative to the second closure member and in the intermediate position of the bayonet closure system, the first closure member with respect to the second closure member assumes an intermediate angle position, wherein the closing angle position and the intermediate angle position respectively two different relative positions form the first closure member relative to the second closure member. A practical embodiment provides that the first closure member can be transferred from the closing angle position to the intermediate angle position by means of the electric drive and the additional mechanical active connection.

For example, the additional mechanical operative connection can be provided by the electric drive up to the first closure member via a transmission. The transmission is preferably designed as a reduction gear. In a further variant, the additional mechanical operative connection can also be provided between the rotary-trap drive gear, with which the rotary latch can be driven by means of the electric drive, and the first closure member. In this case, the additional mechanical operative connection is preferably configured as a reduction gear whose input rotational speed is the rotational speed of the rotary traction drive gear and the output rotational speed is the rotational speed of the first closing link.

According to a further variant, the bayonet locking system forms a first sliding connection between the first closure member and the second closure member, which is blocked in the intermediate position and released in the release position.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the bayonet lock system has a blocking element. Preferably, the blocking element blocks the first sliding connection in the intermediate position and releases the first sliding connection in the release position. In a particular embodiment, the blocking element in the intermediate position is manually movable by means of the handle or the release lever, in particular for transferring the bayonet lock system from the intermediate position to the release position.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the bayonet locking system between the first closure member and the second closure member forms a first rotational connection, which is blocked in the release position and can be released in the intermediate position and preferably in the closed position. In particular, a release of the first rotational connection to a Release of the catch to be coupled, ie that the first rotational connection is released, provided that the catch is released from the pawl. In this embodiment, the bayonet locking system from the closed position to the release position by means of an adjustment of the first rotational connection and a subsequent adjustment of the first sliding connection can be transferred.

Regardless, but also in combination with the previous embodiment, it is possible that the bayonet lock system between the first closure member and the second closure member forms a second sliding connection, which is blocked in the intermediate position and released in the closed position. In this embodiment, the bayonet locking system from the closed position to the release position by means of an actuation of the second sliding connection, a subsequent actuation of the first rotational connection and a subsequent actuation of the first sliding connection can be transferred. Preferably, in this embodiment, a manual actuation of the first rotational connection and a subsequent manual actuation of the first sliding connection is provided. By this double manual operation of the bayonet lock system for unlocking the front hood, a higher security of the safety device can be provided. Advantageously, in this embodiment, the second closure member by means of the handle is rotatable and displaceable.

Regardless, but also in combination with at least one of the previous embodiments can be provided that the bayonet lock system between the first closure member and the second closure member forms a second rotational connection, which is blocked in the closed position and released in the intermediate position.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of at least one preferred embodiment, to which the invention is not limited, and with reference to the figures.

Fig. 1

eine Schnittansicht einer Sicherheitsvorrichtung;

Fig. 2

eine Schnittansicht eines Ausschnittes der Sicherheitsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit einem Bajonettverschlusssystem in einer Schließstellung;

Fig. 3

eine Schnittansicht eines Ausschnittes der Sicherheitsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit einer Drehfalle in einer Vorraststellung;

Fig. 4

eine Schnittansicht eines Ausschnittes der Sicherheitsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit der Drehfalle nach Fig. 3 in einer Hauptraststellung;

Fig. 5

einen Ausschnitt der Sicherheitsvorrichtung nach Fig. 1 mit einer zusätzlichen mechanischen Wirkverbindung zwischen einem ersten Elektromotor und dem Bajonettverschlusssystem;

Fig. 6

eine Fronthaube in einer Zwischenstellung;

Fig. 7

das Bajonettverschlusssystem in einer Freigabestellung;

Fig. 8

die Fronthaube in einer Offenstellung;

Fig. 9

ein Zusammenwirken einer Rolle mit einem Mitnehmer bei einer Bewegung der Fronthaube in Richtung einer Schließstellung;

Fig. 10

das Bajonettverschlusssystem beim Verstellen in die Schließstellung.

These show in:

Fig. 1

a sectional view of a safety device;

Fig. 2

a sectional view of a section of the safety device according to Fig. 1 with a bayonet lock system in a closed position;

Fig. 3

a sectional view of a section of the safety device according to Fig. 1 with a catch in a pre-locked position;

Fig. 4

a sectional view of a section of the safety device according to Fig. 1 with the catch behind Fig. 3 in a main position of rest;

Fig. 5

a section of the security device after Fig. 1 with an additional mechanical operative connection between a first electric motor and the bayonet lock system;

Fig. 6

a front hood in an intermediate position;

Fig. 7

the bayonet lock system in a release position;

Fig. 8

the front hood in an open position;

Fig. 9

an interaction of a roller with a driver during a movement of the front hood in the direction of a closed position;

Fig. 10

the bayonet lock system when adjusting in the closed position.

Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a safety device 1 for a motor vehicle with a front cover 2, a hood lock 3 and a handle 14. The hood lock 3 has a rotary latch 4, a bayonet lock system 13 and an electric drive 5, which comprises a first electric motor 6 and a second electric motor Has. The front hood 2 is in the in Fig. 1 Closed position shown by solid lines, ie it is in a closed position. In the closed position, an elastic element 8, such as a sealing rubber, which is arranged in the closed position between a fixed component 9 of the safety device 1 and the front hood 2, compressed. The open position of the front hood 2 is in Fig. 1 shown in dashed lines. Furthermore, the hood lock 3, a pawl 12 and a lock holder 10, which is designed for example as a striker and is disposed over a coupling element 11 of the safety device 1 on the front hood 2. The rotary latch 4 and the pawl 12 are each rotatably mounted on a fixed component, not shown, of the safety device 1. The catch 4 is located in the in Fig. 1 shown position in a main position.

Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of a section of the in Fig. 1 shown safety device 1 with the bayonet lock system 13 in a closed position. The bayonet lock system 13 has a first closure member 15 which is rotatably mounted on a fixed component, not shown, of the safety device 1, a second closure member 16, a blocking element 17, a knob 18 which is fixedly connected to the second closure member 16, a guide slot 19 for Guide the knob 18 and a driver 20. The second closure member 16 is slidably guided to the first closure member 15 and partially within the first closure member 15.

The bayonet lock system 13 according to the invention has three positions, namely a closed position, a release position and an intermediate position. In the closed position, a first sliding connection between the first closure member 15 and the second closure member 16 is blocked. In the following, the interaction of the electric drive 5 with the rotary latch 4, the lock holder 10 and the front hood 2 will be explained first, followed by the operation of the bayonet locking system 13.

Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of a section of the safety device 1, which represents the front hood 2, the rotary latch 4 and the electric drives 5. The rotary latch 4 has a pivot point 23, an opening direction of rotation 21 and an oppositely oriented closing direction of rotation 22. The catch 4 has a Vorrastkontur 24 and a main catch contour 25, which can each cooperate with a counter-latching contour 26 of the pawl 12, and an inlet mouth 27, which by a Fang arm 28 and a load arm 29 is formed on. The front hood 2 is located in the Fig. 2 shown position in an intermediate position between the open position and the closed position and is locked on the engagement of the rotary latch 4 on the lock holder 10, but not closed.

In Fig. 3 is the catch 4 in a pre-locked position. In the pre-locking position, the pawl 12 is held pressed against the rotary latch 4 via a pawl spring element 31, such as a tension, compression or spiral spring. In addition, the rotary latch 4 via a rotary latch spring element 32, such as a tension, compression or a coil spring, spring-loaded in the opening direction of rotation 21, whereby the Vorrastkontur 24 is press-positioned against the counter-latching contour 26. In the pre-locking position, the front cover 2 is locked and is blocked in the open position.

Fig. 4 shows a sectional view of a section of the safety device 1 with the catch 4 in the main position. The main locking position is achieved by the rotary latch 4 from the pre-locking position accordingly Fig. 3 is further rotated in the closing direction 22. This can be effected in one embodiment by depressing the front hood 2 and in another embodiment by driving the rotary latch 4 by means of the first electric motor 6. Also, a movement of the rotary latch 4 in the direction of Main switch position by means of a combination of a manual depression and an electric driving of the first electric motor 6 causes his.

During rotation of the rotary latch 4 in the closing direction of rotation 22 to at least beyond the main latching position of the rotary latch 4, the main latching contour 25 passes the counter-latching contour 26, the main latching contour 25 being in the closing direction of rotation 22 before the counter-latching contour 26, so that the latching pawl 26 engages in the main latching contour 24 can and the catch 4 occupies the main position. In the main locking position, the front hood 2 is locked, closed and blocked in the open position.

If the front hood 2 is to be unlocked starting from the main latching position, the rotary latch 4 is first transferred from the main latching position into the pre-latching position. This will be in the in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 embodiment shown causes the second electric motor 7 via a pawl output gear 36 and a pawl drive gear 33, the pawl 12 in the in Fig. 4 shown dashed position moves. As a result, the rotary latch 4 is released in the opening direction. The first electric motor 6 causes in a particular embodiment, a switching of the rotary latch 4 of the in Fig. 4 shown main lock position in the in Fig. 3 shown pre-locking position, wherein the safety device 1 during this switching has a mechanical operative connection between the electric drive 5 and the rotary latch 4. The mechanical operative connection is formed by a driven gear 34, which is positively connected to an output shaft of the first electric motor 6, and a rotary latch drive gear 35, which is positively connected to the rotary latch 4, wherein the driven gear 34 meshes with the drive gear 35.

In the following, the operation of the bayonet locking system 13 will be described. Fig. 5 shows a section of the security device. 1 with an additional mechanical operative connection 51 between the first electric motor 6 and the bayonet locking system 13. The additional mechanical active connection 51 is through the output gear 34, a first transmission gear 52, a second transmission gear 53, a third transmission gear 54, a coupling rod 55, a fourth transmission gear 56th and a fifth transmission gear 57 is formed, wherein by means of the additional mechanical active connection 51, a torque from the output gear 34 to the fifth transmission gear 57 is transferable.

The output gear 34 meshes with the first transmission gear 52, wherein a transmission connection from the output gear 34 to the first transmission gear 52 is formed as a reduction. The second transmission gear 53 is positively connected to the first transmission gear 52 and meshes with the third transmission gear 54. The third transmission gear 54 is connected via the coupling rod 55 with the fourth transmission gear 56, which meshes with the fifth transmission gear 57. The fourth transmission gear 56 forms with the fifth transmission gear 57, a bevel gear, wherein the fifth gear 57 is designed as a pinion and the fourth gear 56 as a crown gear. Via the additional mechanical active connection 51, a mechanical coupling of a rotation of the rotary latch 4, which is likewise driven via the output gear 34, is provided with a rotation of the first closure member 15.

This in Fig. 5 shown bayonet lock system 13 is in the closed position in which the button 18 in a trough 58 of the guide slot 19 spring-loaded by means of a tensioned compression spring 59 is held. The compression spring 59 is supported on one side at a bottom of the first closure member 15 and acts in the tensioned state, the second closure member 16 in a direction away from the bottom of the first closure member 15. In the closed position of the bayonet closure system 13th assumes the first closure member 15 relative to the second closure member 16 a closing angle position, which in Fig. 5a is illustrated. Fig. 5a shows a sectional view of the first closure member 15 and the second closure member 16 with the knob 18 from a viewing direction of the fifth transmission gear 57th

Starting from the in Fig. 5a and Fig. 5 shown closing angle position is at a rotation of the rotary latch 4 from the main latching position to the pre-locking position, the first closure member 15 relative to the second closure member 16 in the in Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b rotated in the clockwise direction from the closing angle position to the intermediate angle position, which in Fig. 5b is shown. During this rotation, the knob 18 and the second closure member 16 remain in this rotation. The first closure member 15 covers an angular region 60 during this rotation with the guide slot 19. When the bayonet closure system 13 is moved from the intermediate position to the closed position, the first closure member 15 likewise covers the angular region 60 , only in the opposite direction, ie counterclockwise in the in Fig. 5a and Fig. 5b shown level. By way of an adjustability of the first closure member 15 relative to the second closure member 16 from the closing angle position to the intermediate angle position, a first rotational connection is formed between the first closure member 15 and the second closure member 16.

Particularly advantageously, the mechanical coupling between the rotary latch 4 and the first closure member 15 is provided such that during a movement of the rotary latch 4, a speed of the first closure member 15 by a multiple lower, for example by a factor of 2, 3, 4 or up to 10 , as a rotational speed of the rotary latch 4 is. The mechanical coupling is preferably provided such that an angular range, which of the rotary latch drive gear 35th is swept over upon rotation of the rotary latch 4 from the main latching position to the pre-latching position, such as from about 20 to 40 degrees, the angular range 60 which is swept by the first shutter member 15 in the rotation from the closed position to the intermediate position of the bayonet lock system 13, such as for example, from about 2 to 20 degrees. With a rotation of the rotary latch 4 from the pre-locking position into the main locking position, the same applies to the relationship between the angular range 60 and the angular range of the rotary latch drive gear 35. The directions of rotation of the individual gear wheels upon rotation of the rotary latch 4 from the main latching position to the pre-latching position are shown in FIG Fig. 5 indicated by arrows.

Starting from the in Fig. 5 As shown above, the first closure member 15 is rotated into the intermediate angle position relative to the second closure member 16, so that the bayonet closure system 13 is in the intermediate position, as shown in the closed position of the bayonet closure system 13.

Fig. 6 shows the bayonet lock system 13 in the intermediate position and the rotary latch 4 in the pre-locked position. The button 18 is in the intermediate position of the bayonet lock system 13 acted upon by the compression spring 59 on the blocking element 17 at. The blocking element 17 is in Fig. 6 shown in a blocking position and prevents in this position, a relaxation of the compression spring 59 and thus a spring-assisted pushing the second closure member 16 and a movement of the lock holder 10 in the direction of an opening position of the lock holder 10 by means of the second closure member 16. In other words, blocks the blocking element 17 in the intermediate position of the bayonet locking system 13, the first sliding connection between the first closure member 15 and the second Closing member 16 in the direction of the release position of the bayonet lock system 13th

In Fig. 6 is the front hood 2 in an intermediate position, ie in a position between the closed position and the open position of the front hood 2, shown. The rotary latch 4 is in the pre-locking position and the lock holder 10 is spring-loaded by means of a lock holder spring 63 held in a closed position in which the front cover 2 is locked. The front hood 2 is slightly raised in the pre-locking position of the rotary latch 4 compared to the closed position of the front hood 2 and the handle 14 accessible to an operator and manually movable. The handle 14 is mechanically coupled to the blocking element 17, preferably fixedly connected, whereby the blocking element 17 is manually movable in the intermediate position. From the in Fig. 6 shown position of the handle 14, the handle is convertible to a position in which a collision edge 62 of the handle 14 abuts a lower edge of the front hood 2, wherein this position in Fig. 6 is shown with the dashed position of the abutting edge 62. In this position of the handle 14, the blocking element 17 to the in Fig. 6 shown position offset by a distance L ₂ upwards, in which the knob 18 is released in the direction of a horizontal extent of the guide slot 19, which in Fig. 7 is shown. In an upward movement of the blocking element 17 about the path L ₂ causes the mechanical coupling of the abutting edge 62 with the blocking element 17, a movement of the abutting edge 62 to the path Li, the paths L ₁ and L _{2 are the} same size.

Fig. 7 shows the bayonet lock system 13 in the release position. Starting from the intermediate position accordingly Fig. 6 the button 18 and the second closure member 16 is moved over the spring force of the tensioned compression spring 59 along the horizontal extent of the guide slot 19. In this case, the second closure member 16 pushes the lock holder 10 of the Closed position in the open position, which in Fig. 7 is shown, wherein the lock holder 10 is slidably mounted on the front cover 2 via the coupling element 11. The force exerted by the compression spring 59 force in each position of the bayonet lock system 13 is significantly higher than the retention force of the lock holder spring 63. In the release position of the bayonet lock system 13, the lock holder 10 is in the open position and the front cover 2 is unlocked and released for opening. A displacement of the blocking element 17 by means of the handle 14 thus causes a transfer of the bayonet locking system 13 from the intermediate position to the release position, ie the bayonet lock system 13 is manually transferred from the intermediate position to the release position.

Fig. 8 shows the front cover 2 in the open position. In the open position of the front hood 2 is the driver 20, which is slidably received in the second closure member 16, in a driving position, which in Fig. 8 is shown by solid lines. Starting from a passive position of the driver 20, which in Fig. 8 with dashed lines and in 6 and 7 shown by solid lines, pushes a soul 83 of a Bouwdenzuges 81 with a shell 82 when you open the front cover 2, the driver 20 in the driving position. In this case, a movement of the front hood 2 when opening the front hood 2 via a slider 84 which is fixedly connected to a trailing edge of the front hood 2, coupled with a movement of a rear end 85 of the soul 83.

When closing the front cover 2, a contact between the slider 84 and the rear end 85 of the soul 83 is released and the driver 20 remains in the driving position. In Fig. 8 is further shown as a roller 86 is pivotally mounted on the front cover 2 via a rod 87. The rod 87 is by means of a rod spring 88 in the in Fig. 8 shown position against a stop 89 held.

Fig. 9 shows an interaction of the roller 86 with the driver 20 in a movement of the front cover 2 in the direction of the closed position of the front cover 2. Even before the lock holder 10 comes into contact with the rotary latch 4, the roller 86 contacts the driver 20. After the roller 86 the driver 20 has touched, the front hood 2 is moved further toward the closed position and the roller 86 pushes the second closure member 16 via the driver 20 against the spring force of the compression spring 59. In a position of the front hood 2, in which the front hood 2, the abutting edge 62 not yet touches, located during the closing operation of the front cover 2 of the knob 18 on the compression spring 59 facing side of the blocking element 17, as in Fig. 10 shown.

Fig. 10 shows the bayonet lock system 13 when adjusting in the closed position. The displacement of the second closure member 16 in the in Fig. 10 shown position is a means of the lock spring 63 driven movement of the lock holder 10 from the open position, which in Fig. 10 dashed lines, towards the closed position, which in Fig. 10 drawn by solid lines, free. The button 18 slides along the guide slot 19 in the direction of the compression spring 59 and can thereby in Fig. 10 occupy shown dashed position. The pushing of the second closure member 16 via the front hood 2, the rod 87, the roller 86 and the driver 20 causes a tensioning of the compression spring 59. The effect of the weight of the front hood 2 on the second closure member 16 is significantly greater than the counteracting spring force the compression spring 59.

Starting from the in Fig. 10 shown position is pulled at a rotation of the rotary latch 4 of the pre-locking position in the main locking position, the front cover 2 in the closed position and pushes the abutting edge 62 down, wherein the blocking element 17 in the in Fig. 6 shown Blockadestellung is transferred. In addition, a lever 91, which is arranged on the front hood 2, is moved is the driver 20 in the passive position, which in Fig. 10 is shown in dashed lines. In the passive position, a movement of the roller 86 is released with respect to the second closure member 16, so that when adjusting the bayonet closure system 13 from the intermediate position to the release position and when moving the front cover 2 to the closed position, the roller 86 on a surface 92 of the second closure member 16 can roll. During the movement of the front hood 2 into the closed position, the roller 86 dips into the interior of the second closure member 16.

The driver 20 preferably has a boom which cooperates with the lever 91 such that upon displacement of the driver 20 in the passive position of the boom in the driver is retractable and upon movement of the front cover 2 from the closed position in the open position of the lever 91st passes the boom without the boom and thus adjust the driver, so that the driver 20 remains in the passive position.

During the rotation of the rotary catch 4, the first closure member 15 is rotated relative to the second closure member 16 into the closing angle position via the additional mechanical operative connection 51 Fig. 5 or. Fig. 5a is shown, and thus the bayonet lock system 13 is transferred to the closed position.

In the in the FIGS. 1 to 10 In the embodiment shown, the rotary latch 4 with the pre-locking position can have an opening end position. Characterized in that the lock holder 10 in a movement of the front cover 2 in the direction of the closed position as in Fig. 9 shown abuts the second closure member 16, the lock holder from a position as in Fig. 9 shown to be moved by a further movement of the front cover 2 in the direction of the closed position from the closed position in the direction of the opening position. This depends in particular from a geometric arrangement of the lock holder 10, the coupling element 11, the rod 87 and the bayonet lock system 13 from each other.

It is also possible that the catch 4 in the in the FIGS. 1 to 10 shown embodiment has an opening end position in which the rotary latch 4 is seen from the pre-locking position further rotated in the opening direction of rotation 21. In this embodiment, the pawl 12 can be actuated for example via the second electric motor 7, as soon as the front hood 2 has reached the open position, and release a rotation of the rotary latch 4 in the opening direction of rotation 21, so that the rotary latch 4 is transferred to the opening end position. In the opening end position, the lock holder 10 can also be received by the catch 4 without being knocked against the second closure member 16 by means of the catching arm 28.

Claims (10)

1. Safety device (1), having a front hood (2) and a hood latch (3) with a latch holder (10), for a motor vehicle, whereby the hood latch (3) has a catch (4) with a pre-ratchet position and a main ratchet position in which the front hood (2) is bolted and closed, and an electrical drive (5), which causes switchover of the catch (4) from the main ratchet position into the pre-ratchet position, characterized in that the front hood (3) furthermore has a bayonet latching system (13) with a closure position, a release position and an intermediate position, whereby in the closure position the catch (4) is located in the main ratchet position, in the intermediate position the catch (4) is located in the pre-ratchet position and the latch holder (10) engages with the catch (4) and in the release position the latch holder (10) is released from the catch (4) and the front hood (2) is unbolted.
2. Safety device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the bayonet latching system (13) can be manually transferred from the intermediate position to the release position.
3. Safety device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the safety device (1) has a mechanical operative connection between the electrical drive (5) and the catch (4) during switchover of the catch (4) from the main ratchet position into the pre-ratchet position.
4. Safety device (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the safety device (1) has a mechanical operative connection between the electrical drive (5) and the catch (4) during switchover of the catch (4) from the main ratchet position into the pre-ratchet position.
5. Safety device (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the electrical drive (5) causes adjustment of the bayonet latching system (13) from the closure position to the intermediate position.
6. Safety device (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the bayonet latching system (13) has at least a first latching element (15) and a second latching element (16), whereby the first latching element (15) is executed adjustably to the second latching element (16).
7. Safety device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that in the closure position of the bayonet latching system (13) the first latching element (15) assumes a closure angular position in respect of the second latching element (16) and in the intermediate position of the bayonet latching system (13) the first latching element (15) assumes an intermediate angular position in respect of the second latching element (16).
8. Safety device (1) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the bayonet latching system (13) forms a first shifting connection between the first latching element (15) and the second latching element (16), which is blocked in the intermediate position and released in the release position.
9. Safety device (1) according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the bayonet latching system (13) has a blocking element (17).
10. Safety device (1) according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the blocking element (17) blocks the first shifting connection in the intermediate position and releases it in the release position.

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