EP3312385A1 - Thermal turbomachine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermal turbomachine (1) with at least one vane (2) of a vane ring, wherein the vane (2) radially inward on a U-ring (13a) of the vane ring and / or radially outwardly on a vane support (13b) of the vane ring are secured by a respective connection, wherein the guide vane (2) on the U-ring (13 a) and / or the vane support (13 b) at a first attachment point (5) and / or at a second attachment point (6) is attached, the second attachment point (6) in the flow direction (S) is spaced from the first attachment point (5) by a minimum distance (A) greater than zero, at least one attachment device (7) of the guide blade (2) being attached to at least one of the attachment points (5, 6) ) is positively connected to at least one counter-fastening device (8) of the U-ring (13 a) and / or the guide blade carrier (13 b), wherein in a disassembly movement for removing d he guide vane (2) in the direction along an axis of a rotor shaft (4), the engagement means (7) on components of the thermal fluid machine (1) is formed vorbeibewegbarbar.

Description

The invention relates to a thermal turbomachine.

In this context, a turbomachine or turbomachine is understood to mean a fluid energy machine in which the energy transmission between the fluid and the machine takes place in an open space through a flow in accordance with the laws of fluid dynamics via the kinetic energy.

Such a thermal turbomachine may have a compressor or a turbine. While a compressor is used to compress gases, e.g. In front of a combustion chamber of a jet engine, a turbine is understood to mean a rotating turbomachine which converts the internal energy of a flowing fluid (liquid or gas) into mechanical energy which it emits via its rotor shaft.

The fluid flow in a turbine through the vortex-free as possible laminar flow around the vanes, a portion of its internal energy (consisting of motion, position and pressure energy) withdrawn, which passes to the blades of the turbine. About this then the rotor shaft is rotated, the usable power is delivered to a coupled machine, such as a generator.

Blading is the entirety of the blades of a turbine or a compressor. A distinction is made between blades and vanes. A wreath of blades with the associated ring of vanes is called a step. The blading of turbines or compressors can be multi-level.

The vanes are fixed in the housing of the turbine and guide the working fluid at the optimum angle to the blades, which are located on the rotatable rotor shaft. About the blades takes place the coupling of the mechanically usable power between the machine and fluid.

In the case of inspection or maintenance associated with the replacement of components of the turbine or the compressor, the outer casing in the area of the turbine or the compressor must be disassembled in order to reach the components to be inspected and / or replaced.

For this purpose is currently z.Zt. the housing is separated and dismantled along vertically and horizontally extending part joints. After disassembly of the housing, the inner vane support is accessible, to which the vanes are attached, and can also be opened horizontally. After e.g. an upper part of the housing has been lifted off, a lower part of the housing can be dislocated or, subsequently, e.g. be lifted out of the housing to a turbine runner. In addition to the components of the housing mentioned in part, a degradation of the turbine periphery, such. piping, piping or sound enclosures required.

The dismantling of the outer housing and the subsequent reassembly of the housing takes a lot of time and thus increases the cost of maintenance.

The object of the invention is therefore to show ways how the time required for the disassembly and reassembly of vanes can be reduced.

The thermal fluid machine according to the invention has at least one vane of a vane ring, wherein the vane is radially inwardly attached to a U-ring of the vane ring and / or radially outwardly on a vane support of the vane ring by means of one connection. The vane is on the U-ring and / or attached to the guide vane carrier at a first attachment point and / or at a second attachment point, wherein the second attachment point is spaced in the flow direction from the first attachment point with a minimum distance greater than zero. At least one fastening device of the guide vane is positively connected to at least one counter-fastening device of the U-ring and / or the guide vane carrier, wherein during a disassembly movement for removing the vane in the direction along an axis of a rotor shaft, the engagement device on components of the thermal turbomachine is formed movable past. This makes it possible to assemble and disassemble the guide vane without having to remove a housing, because now the guide vane is no longer displaced in an area delimited by the housing, namely an area outside the housing, but is leaded during the assembly and disassembly movement the vane in the area defined by the housing. The engagement device may be a rear attachment device in the direction of disassembly movement, while the components of the thermal turbomachine may be, for example, a second, front counter-engagement device and the respective U-ring or vane carrier.

According to one embodiment, the dismantling movement in the flow direction through the thermal fluid machine and the assembly movement is directed against the flow direction. The direction of flow is the direction in which a medium, e.g. Combustion gases flow through the thermal turbomachine. This design allows attachment of fasteners for mounting the vane in the "flow shadow" of the vane carrier where combustion gases do not impinge directly on the attachment.

According to a further embodiment, the vane is attached to a first attachment point and to a second attachment point, the second attachment point in Flow direction is spaced from the first attachment point with a minimum distance greater than zero. In other words, the two attachment points are arranged in the flow direction in series one behind the other.

According to a further embodiment, the first attachment point has a first distance to the rotor shaft and the second attachment point has a second distance to the rotor shaft, wherein the first distance and the second distance are unequal. In other words, the two attachment points are arranged offset in the radial direction with respect to the rotor shaft of the thermal fluid machine.

According to a further embodiment, the first distance is smaller than the second distance, and the first attachment point is in the flow direction / disassembly movement before the second attachment point. Thus, in a disassembly movement, the first area is not obstructed when moving past the second area.

According to a further embodiment, a positive connection is formed at the first attachment point. In this case, a positive connection is understood as meaning a connection which is created by the engagement of two connection partners, and a pivoting movement is understood to mean a rotational movement through an angle of less than 360 °. Such form-fitting connections do not require connecting elements, such as e.g. Pins or screws, and can therefore be easily removed without tools and remounted.

According to a further embodiment, the U-ring on a Preswirler. Under a Preswirler is understood a component that can be arranged for example on the vane and causes a cooling fluid flow to the blade. A Preswirler is thus a "swirl generator", which deflects cooling air for optimal flow of the blades.

According to a further embodiment, the U-ring is formed supporting on a rotor of the thermal fluid machine. This ensures that when the guide vanes are dismantled, a freely movable U-ring or its segments can not fall down, thereby damaging the rotor, in particular sealing tips attached to the rotor.

According to a further embodiment, the U-ring on a spacer element, which is designed to ensure a minimum distance between the U-ring and the rotor. The spacer element may be a threaded pin or a screw extending through a bore in a bottom portion of a U-ring. The bottom portion may have an internal thread corresponding to the external thread of the screw or the threaded pin and extends in the direction of the rotor by the minimum distance from the bore. In this case, the bore is arranged such that the spacer element impinges on the rotor in a region which is formed without a seal.

According to a further embodiment, a vane head of the vane is fastened to the U-ring, in particular with a screw connection. In this case, the U-ring can be formed segmentable. The screw connection forms a frictional connection.

According to a further embodiment, a vane foot of the vane is attached to the vane support (also TVC - turbine vane carrier), in particular by means of a sliding block. Thus, the guide vane can be attached to the vane carrier by simple means.

Further, the invention includes a vane ring and a vane for such a turbine.

• Figur 1 eine Schnittdarstellung einer an einem Leitschaufelträger einer thermischen Strömungsmaschine befestigten Leitschaufel gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Figur 2 eine Schnittdarstellung weiterer Details der in Figur 1 dargestellten Leitschaufel und des Leitschaufelträgers, und
• Figur 3 eine Schnittdarstellung einer an einem Leitschaufelträger einer thermischen Strömungsmaschine befestigten Leitschaufel gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel.

In the following, a preferred embodiment of the thermal fluid machine according to the invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. It shows:

• FIG. 1 1 is a sectional view of a vane attached to a vane carrier of a thermal fluid machine according to a first embodiment,
• FIG. 2 a sectional view of further details of in FIG. 1 illustrated vane and the vane carrier, and
• FIG. 3 a sectional view of a fixed to a vane carrier of a thermal fluid machine stator according to a second embodiment.

It is going on first FIG. 1 Referenced.

From a thermal turbomachine 1 is shown a section of a turbine, e.g. a steam turbine. Notwithstanding the present embodiment may also be a compressor.

The thermal fluid machine 1 has a plurality of annularly arranged vanes 2 of a vane ring, of which in FIG. 1 only one vane 2 is shown.

The vane 2 has at its radially inner end a vane head 11 which is fixed at a first attachment point 5 and a second attachment point 6 to a U-ring 13a. The U-ring 13a may be formed segmentable. Further, the U-ring 13a may have a preswirler function.

The guide vane 2 is fastened at the first attachment point 5 by means of a form-locking connection to be released without tools. The interlocking connection is formed by a fastening device 7 and a counter-fastening device 8. In the present embodiment, the engagement device 7 and the counter-engagement device 8 are formed as interlocking hooks.

At the second attachment point 6, in the present embodiment, the vane head 11 of the vane 2 is fastened by means of a second, positive connection, such as e.g. by means of a fastening means 14, e.g. a bolt or bolt extending through throughbores of the vane head 11 and the U-ring 13a. For sealing a seal 12 is provided at each of the first attachment point 5 and the second attachment point 6.

In the present embodiment, the first attachment point 5 in the flow direction S of a medium flowing through the thermal turbomachine 1 is spaced from the second attachment point 6 with a minimum distance A greater than zero. The minimum distance A in the present embodiment substantially corresponds to the width of the guide vane 2 in the flow direction S. The flow direction S extends along a main axis of extension of a rotor shaft 4 of the thermal fluid machine 1, are attached to the blades (not shown) of the thermal fluid machine 1.

With respect to the rotor shaft 4, the first attachment point 5 has a first distance to the rotor shaft 4 and the second attachment point 6 has a second distance to the rotor shaft 4. In this case, in the present embodiment, the first distance 5 is not equal to the second distance 6, namely, the first distance is greater than the second distance. Furthermore, in the present exemplary embodiment, the first attachment point 5 lies in the flow direction S in front of the second attachment point 6.

In the present embodiment, the flow direction S and a dismounting direction are rectified. The vane head 11 has, in the region of the first attachment point 5, an extension in the radially inward direction which is smaller than the extent in the radial inward direction in the region of the second attachment point 6. Corresponding the U-ring 13a in the radial outward direction in the region of the first attachment point 5 and the second attachment point 6 is formed. The step-shaped design allows the guide vane 2 to be dismantled by a disassembly movement in the flow direction S, the flow direction S extending along the main extension axis of the rotor shaft 4.

It is now additionally on FIG. 2 Referenced.

Shown is the U-ring 13a, which additionally has a Preswirler or a Preswirlerfunktion in present representation. A preswirler is understood to mean a component which is e.g. can be arranged on the guide vane 2 and a cooling fluid guide to a blade (not shown) causes.

In the present embodiment, the U-ring 13a is formed on a rotor 10 of the thermal fluid machine 1 supporting. This ensures that when the guide vanes 2 are dismantled, a freely movable U-ring 13a or its segments can not fall and thus damage the rotor 10, in particular sealing tips 21 attached to the rotor 10.

For this purpose, the U-ring 13a on a spacer element 15, which ensures a minimum distance M between the U-ring 13a and the rotor 10. The spacer element 15 in the present exemplary embodiment is a threaded pin. Alternatively, the spacer 15 may also be a screw or a molded spacer. The spacer element 15 has in the present embodiment, an external thread, with which it is screwed into a bore with internal thread, wherein the bore extends through a bottom portion of the U-ring 13 a. The spacer 15 extends in the direction of the rotor 10 by the minimum distance M from the bore. In this case, the bore is arranged such that the spacer element 15 in a leak-free Area 16 impinges on the rotor 10, so that it is ensured that no sealing tips 21 of the rotor 10 are damaged by the spacer 15, if at a disassembly of vanes 2 then freely movable U-ring 13a, for example, due to gravity in the direction of the rotor 10 moved.

It will be up now FIG. 3 Referenced.

In FIG. 3 is a radially outer end, ie a vane root 18, of the vane 2 shown attached to a vane support 13b.

Furthermore, this differs in FIG. 3 illustrated embodiment of the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment in that both the first attachment point 5 and the second attachment point 6, the guide vane 2 is fixed with its Leitschaufelfuß 18 to the vane support 13b by means of a positive connection in which each of the in FIG. 3 left engaging means 7a and the left counter engaging means 8a and the right engaging means 7a and the right counter engaging means 8a are formed as interlocking hooks.

In this case, in the present embodiment, the two respective hooks facing each other or open, that is, they are arranged oriented opposite. Furthermore, the shows FIG. 3 in that the vane support 13b has an exception bay 19 which additionally provides space for removal.

Furthermore, this differs in FIG. 3 illustrated embodiment of the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment in that the first attachment point 5 have a first distance to the rotor shaft 4 and the second attachment point 6 a second distance from the rotor shaft 4, wherein the first distance is smaller than the second distance.

To remove the vane 2, a securing segment 17, such as a locking plate or sliding block, removed after loosening a locking screw 20 so that the in FIG. 3 right counter-engagement device 8 is removed. At the same time with the removal of the securing element 17, the exception bay 19 accessible, so that sections Leitschaufelfuß 18, in particular those on the in FIG. 3 molded right engagement means 8b, can dive into the exception bay 19 to the in FIG. 3 left engagement device 7a disengaged from in FIG. 3 also to bring left counter-engagement device 8a.

In a further step, the guide blade 2 can then be removed by a disassembly movement, the direction of which extends along the main extension direction of the rotor shaft 4. Conversely, the guide vane 2 can be reassembled by displacing the vane 2 by an assembly movement counter to the flow direction S.

Thus, it becomes possible to assemble and disassemble guide vanes 2 without having to remove a housing.

Claims (12)

Thermal turbomachine (1) with at least one vane (2) of a vane ring,
wherein the vane (2) are fixed radially inward to a vane ring (13a) of the vane ring and / or radially outward to a vane support (13b) of the vane ring by means of a respective connection,
wherein the vane (2) is attached to the U-ring (13a) and / or the second vane support (13b) at a first attachment point (5) and / or at a second attachment point (6),
wherein the second attachment point (6) in the flow direction (S) from the first attachment point (5) with a minimum distance (A) is greater than zero,
wherein at least one fastening device (7) of the guide blade (2) is positively connected to at least one counter-fastening device (8) of the respective U-ring (13a) and / or the guide blade carrier (13b) at at least one of the attachment points (5, 6),
wherein in a disassembly movement for removing the guide vane (2) in the direction along an axis of a rotor shaft (4), the engagement device (7) on components of the thermal fluid machine (1) is formed vorbeibewegbar. Thermal fluid machine (1) according to claim 1,
wherein the disassembly movement in the flow direction (S) by the thermal fluid machine (1) and the mounting movement against the flow direction (S) is directed. Thermal fluid machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first attachment point (5) has a first distance to the rotor shaft (4) and the second attachment point (6) a second distance from the rotor shaft (4), wherein the first distance and the second Distance are unequal. Thermal fluid machine (1) according to claim 3,
wherein the first distance is smaller than the second distance, and the first attachment point (5) lies in the flow direction and / or disassembly movement before the second attachment point (6). Thermal fluid machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4,
wherein at the first attachment point (5) a positive connection is formed. Thermal fluid machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5,
wherein the U-ring (13a) is associated with a Preswirler. Thermal fluid machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6,
wherein the U-ring (13a) is formed on a rotor (10) of the thermal fluid machine (1) supporting. Thermal fluid machine (1) according to claim 7,
wherein the U-ring (13a) has a spacer element (15) which is designed to ensure a minimum distance (M) between the U-ring (13a) and the rotor (10). Thermal fluid machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8,
wherein on the U-ring (13a) a vane head (11) of the vane (2) is fixed, in particular with a screw connection. Thermal fluid machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9,
wherein on the guide blade carrier (13b) a Leitschaufelfuß (22) of the guide vane (2) is fixed, in particular by means of a securing element (17). Guide vane ring for a thermal turbomachine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10. Guide vane (2) for a thermal turbomachine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

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