EP3310509A2

EP3310509A2 - Composite, crankcase, reciprocating internal combustion engine, and method for producing a reciprocating internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: EP3310509A2
Application number: EP16754390.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Christian REBMANN
Original assignee: Neue Halberg-Guss GmbH; NEUE HALBERG GUSS GmbH
Current assignee: Neue Halberg-Guss GmbH; NEUE HALBERG GUSS GmbH
Priority date: 2015-06-19
Filing date: 2016-06-20
Publication date: 2018-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 2036-06-20
Also published as: DE202016104878U1; US20180179985A1; EP3310509B1; WO2016202330A3; WO2016202330A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite, a crankcase, a reciprocating internal combustion engine, and a method for producing a reciprocating internal combustion engine. A problem faced in the production of engine blocks is that requirements concerning component cleanliness and residual soiling standards have recently been greatly increased. Therefore, the problem addressed by this invention is that of simplifying engine block cleaning after casting, and allowing current and future residual soiling standards to be adhered to, while providing a solution to the challenges of current and future high-powered engines specifically for the load regions, namely the head plate and the cylinder pipe, and providing potential for locally improving properties in the crankcase in the additional load regions, namely the head and crankshaft bearing screw connection. This problem is solved inter alia by virtue of a composite that consists of at least two cylinders and one planar cylinder head support surface that connects these, wherein said composite consisting of at least two cylinders and the planar cylinder head support surface that connects these is made as a single piece, said planar cylinder head support surface having a recess for each cylinder, and the composite being able to be inserted into or placed onto a crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine; and is solved in that at least one coolant guide is arranged between said cylinders.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Composite, crankcase, reciprocating internal combustion engine and method for

Manufacture of a reciprocating internal combustion engine

The present invention relates to a composite, a crankcase, a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a method of manufacturing a reciprocating internal combustion engine.

The production of castings is characterized by an increasing integration of functional elements of the cast component. This is especially true for engine blocks, in particular cylinder crankcases. Such crankcases have intricate internal spaces which, in the finishing process, require complicated cleaning to remove the sand and / or silt residue from the foundry process. In particular, cylinder crankcases today have a variety of integrated molded internal functions, such as water jackets, passages and channels for water or oil, which must be cleaned after casting. To make matters worse, that for engine components, the requirements for component cleanliness and the residual dirt requirements have risen sharply in recent times.

At present, centrifugal blast machines are used for cleaning, which essentially clean the outer contours of residues of the casting process. Inner contours are usually cleaned with pressure blast equipment, whereby the hand process and type-specific special machines dominate because of the complex interiors.

The disadvantage is currently that this cleaning is expensive and is complicated by the large number of integrated molded internal functions, such as Wassermänteln, passages and channels for water or oil.

In addition to the increased demands on the component cleanliness and the residual dirt requirements, the performance requirements, such as higher ignition pressures or higher temperature loads, have also risen to the engine blocks. Due to the demanded increasing performance in internal combustion engines, the four classic Load zones of a cylinder crankcase, namely bearing block, head screw, cylinder tube and cylinder bar, reached the limits of the currently technically feasible.

It is therefore the object of the invention to facilitate the cleaning of the engine blocks after casting and to make it possible to meet current and future residual dirt requirements as well as a solution to the challenges of current and future high-performance engines, especially for the headzone and cylinder tube load zones, as well as local improvement potential the properties in the crankcase in the other load zones head and crankshaft bearing gland provide.

The object is formed by a composite of at least two cylinders and a plate-like cylinder head bearing surface connecting them, wherein the composite of at least two cylinders and the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting them is integrally formed, wherein the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface has a recess for each cylinder and wherein the composite in a Crankcase a reciprocating internal combustion engine can be used or placed, solved by at least one coolant guide is arranged between the cylinders.

The one-piece design of the multi-cylinder composite advantageously ensures that the composite can be produced as a separate component. Various methods can be used for the production. Preferably, the component is cast. However, it is also provided within the scope of the invention that the production of the composite is achieved by a deep-drawing process or the forging of the composite using, for example, aluminum-copper wrought alloys.

It is provided for the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface of the multi-cylinder composite, that this is free formable in its geometry. For example, the thickness of the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface can be produced according to the resulting loads. Likewise, it is conceivable that the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface has greater thicknesses in loaded areas and minimum thicknesses in unloaded areas. It is likewise provided that the geometry of the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface can be freely designed, for example such that the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface is adapted to the geometry of the crankcase and the cylinder head. Since the composite does not have to include an integrated coolant space, the outer cylinder walls can be freely designed according to the requirements. For example, a force flow and / or requirement-optimized support structure, such as rib reinforcements and the like or cooling ribs, can be realized on the outer cylinder walls. In this case, it is advantageously provided that the support structure (ribs) is arranged on the cylinder walls such that a flow optimization is achieved. The support structure (ribs) is already produced in the production of the cylinder.

It is inventively provided that at least one coolant guide or web cooling is arranged between the cylinders.

Since the composite with its cylinder geometries and the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface is not produced together with the cylinder crankcase, but separately manufactured and can be used in this or placed on this (the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface rests on the crankcase, wherein the cylinders protrude into the crankcase), can the coolant supply very universal, individual and without restrictions regarding position, eg also directly below and parallel to the cylinder head bearing surface, are produced.

Between the cylinders, there is at least one recess between at least two adjacent cylinders so that coolant can pass from one side of the composite through the recess onto the opposite side of the assembly. Accordingly, the cylinders are also cooled in the area between the cylinders. It can be provided that a coolant guide is arranged between all adjacent cylinders. Likewise it can be provided that the coolant guide only between some cylinders, e.g. in every second area between two adjacent cylinders.

Likewise, it is an advantage of the invention that the cylinder tube shape and cylinder tube wall can be freely designed according to the requirements. The design of the cylinder tube shape is important to counteract the deformation by the screw. For example, the cylinder tube wall may be convex (arched outward), concave (inwardly curved), sinusoidal, step-shaped, or as a mixture of the foregoing be configured or provided with support structures, cooling fins or the like. The formable cylinder tube shape and cylinder tube wall have the advantage that the cylinder wall thickness can be increased in the range of high ignition pressures. Furthermore, through the selected shape (convex, concave, ...) a flow optimization can be achieved. For example, a higher flow rate is made possible by a customized design.

The fact that the composite is manufactured separately and only after the manufacture, for example by casting, used in the separately produced crankcase or mounted on it or mounted in this, the crankcase can be made as an "open" crankcase and the cylinder can before the insertion can be easily edited, which allows a great deal of freedom in the design of the cylinder outer wall.

This allows for improved accessibility to internal crankcase feeds, such as non-ferrous alloys or iron base materials, as well as significantly improved cleaning capabilities of the composite and "open" crankcase with the known cleaning methods.The invention also provides the currently very much sought after, completely separate cylinder head and coolant guide Crankcase, since no openings are required for the storage of the otherwise common water jacket or loose-leaf gate valve, so that a closed top surface is possible The plate-shaped cylinder head surface can also, depending on requirements, be opened locally to a connection between the coolant space or water space of the crankcase to the coolant space or to allow water space of the head.

In the event that the composite is used in an "open" crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, it is advantageously provided that the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface is dimensioned in such a way that it is introduced into the open crankcase as far as possible in a form-fitting manner easier sealing - crankcase and composite - achieved.

An embodiment of the invention provides that the outer wall of the cylinder have at least one horizontally at least partially encircling bead. The bead is preferably formed as a sealing bead. The sealing bead is preferably arranged on the cylinder such that a seal between a coolant space or water space (formed by the outer walls of the cylinders and the upper inner walls of the crankcase) and the lower crankcase is achieved.

The composite according to the invention thus offers the possibility described by the described advantages of improving internal combustion engines for current and future higher ignition pressures and higher temperature loads in the region of top plate and cylinder bar, as well as cylinder tube.

In particular, the composite according to the invention can be used to solve the challenges with regard to thermal shock resistance, thermal stress on the cylinder web ("gusset"), tribology, plate stiffness and stiffness, cylinder distortion, coatability of the raceways (in the case of Al-Leg.).

An embodiment of the composite according to the invention provides that the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface - except for the recesses for each cylinder - is formed free passage.

By this configuration it is achieved that the rigidity and structure of the cylinder head bearing surface is not weakened by passages. This also allows a simplified sealing between the cylinder head and the cylinder crankcase, since no / hardly any spills, stoppers, etc. are arranged when using a head gasket on the cylinder head bearing surface. Advantageously, this configuration further ensures that the internal combustion engine can be exposed to higher pressures. Likewise, the tendency for cracking of the cylinder head bearing surface, which is favored by passages as an initial location, can be reduced to prevented.

For an alternative embodiment of the composite according to the invention it is provided that the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface has at least one passage.

This at least one passage, wherein the shape (geometry) and size of the at least one passage can be designed according to the purpose, can be incorporated as required in the cylinder head bearing surface of the composite (for example during the Production by casting) or subsequently (for example after production by casting) are introduced into the cylinder head bearing surface. For example, this can serve at least one passage for connecting the cylinder head with the crankcase (for example, by a bolt attached to the cylinder head, which engages through the passage of the composite in the crankcase), in which case the bond between the cylinder head and the crankcase is positively arranged.

For the composite according to the invention it is furthermore advantageously provided that the composite is made of lamellar graphite cast iron (GJL), vermicular graphite cast iron (GJV), ductile iron cast iron (GJS) and / or steel and / or a combination of the abovementioned materials.

Due to the separately produced composite of one of these or a combination of these iron-based materials, the production of the internal combustion engine as a whole can be simplified, for example by casting. It is also achieved that a requirement-optimized control of the fine grain and the freedom from pores of the cylinder tube structure is made possible by the separate production without the crankcase being influenced. For example, a quenching layer can be realized close to the surface of the tread. Likewise or additionally, a continuously quenched cylinder wall can be realized. This separate treatment of the composite enables improved heat conduction and transfer into the cooling circuit as well as adjustability of the mechanical properties (tensile strength R _m , yield strength R _p0; 2 and elongation at break Ä). It is also advantageous that by the use of iron-based materials, a subsequent joining of the liners and a separate raceway coating can be omitted. In particular, by the use of the material ductile iron castings, both a higher strength and a higher elongation can be achieved.

For an alternative embodiment of the composite according to the invention it is provided that the composite of non-ferrous materials, especially aluminum alloys, such as aluminum-magnesium alloys (AlMgxx), aluminum-silicon alloys (AlSixx) with copper (Cu) and / or magnesium (Mg) and or aluminum wrought alloys, is produced. By using non-ferrous materials to make the composite, it can be made without feeding. In particular, it is advantageous that a subsequent liner encapsulation and the subsequent joining of the liner omitted. It is particularly advantageous that only the composite of non-ferrous materials, in particular aluminum alloys, is produced, and not the complete cylinder crankcase (composite and "open" crankcase).

Non-ferrous materials, especially those based on aluminum, make it possible to produce a coatable running surface by using cooling elements in the cylinder tube (steel molds, GJL, Ms, etc.) without affecting the crankcase.

As described above, it is provided for the composite according to the invention that a coolant guide is arranged between the cylinders, wherein the coolant guide by drilling through the intermediate region of two adjacent, possibly connected cylinder and / or by a cooling channel core in the intermediate region of two adjacent, possibly connected, cylinder and / or is realized by freestanding cylinder.

It is also conceivable for the composite that a cooling groove or vent groove or vent channel is arranged on the side facing the cylinder head side of the cylinder head bearing surface, which serves to reduce the temperatures in the web area. It is further provided that the cooling groove is supplied by the cylinder head with coolant. It is further contemplated that the cooling groove or venting or venting channel can be connected by at least one bore with the lower deck side of the closed plate-shaped cylinder head support surface and thus with the coolant circuit of the crankcase.

The object is also achieved by a crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, wherein the crankcase comprises a recess for receiving the composite. It is provided that the recess for receiving the composite in its geometry is designed such that the composite at least partially, at least the cylinder can be arranged in the crankcase.

It can be advantageously provided that the recess for receiving the composite corresponds in its internal geometry of the outer geometry of the at least two cylinders. The cylinders can therefore be accurately inserted into the crankcase. Additionally or alternatively it can be provided that the recess for receiving the composite in its upper inner geometry corresponds to the outer geometry of the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface, wherein it can be provided that the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface is held by a circumferential projection in the recess.

The separate production of the composite and the "open" crankcase result in further advantages for the production of the crankcase, for example, a significantly simplified accessibility for component-internal feeding measures is achieved, whereby the structure in the storage chair area by the use of cooling elements with regard to the resulting mechanical properties It also has the added advantage of simplifying the cleaning of the "open" crankcase, which makes it much easier to maintain the residual dirt requirements.

A further advantage is that the crankcase according to the invention can be produced in a cost-effective and easy-to-control alloys requirements. In the event that tread coatings are used, for example, the masking (cover) to avoid overspray and additional cleaning steps after spraying in the crankcase area can be omitted.

The object is also achieved by a reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising a crankcase and a composite, characterized in that the composite between the cylinder head and the crankcase and in the recess for receiving the composite is arranged. The crankcase is the "open" crankcase described above, which is the composite according to the invention described above, in which case it is part of the invention for a composite to be arranged between the cylinder head and the crankcase, wherein the composite is integrally formed and inserted into a crankcase of a reciprocating internal combustion engine or placed with the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface on the crankcase and is inserted with the cylinders in the recess of the crankcase for receiving the cylinder of the composite, and wherein the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface is used for supporting the cylinder head and has a recess for each cylinder.

It is further advantageous in the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention provided that form the outer wall portions of the cylinder of the composite and the wall portions of the recess for receiving the composite of the crankcase a coolant space or water space.

Due to this configuration, it is advantageously achieved that no draft angles or, in the case of die-cast production, loose parts and / or slides with a larger (1 to> 2 °) forming cone are required for the formation of the coolant space or water space. Parallel or stepped cylinder walls can be readily manufactured. Likewise, due to the selected shape division guide / cooling / support ribs, etc. are provided on the cylinder tube and a demand-adapted wall of the cylinder is possible. The coolant space can therefore be designed freely.

Due to the coolant space formation through the separately manufactured components, composite and open crankcase, a very thin or narrow water jacket geometry can be produced. The geometry can be clearly filigree displayed or trained than is technically today, using cores and sliders, reachable. It is contemplated that the water jacket geometry will have a thickness of less than 5mm, preferably less than 3.5mm. Due to the thin or narrow water jacket geometry is advantageously achieved that less coolant is required than in prior art. Accordingly, the required pump power is lower than in known pumps and the pump can be made smaller than the previously used pumps. This saves weight, thus costs, and space.

It is further advantageous for the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention provided that the at least two cylinders connecting plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface is placed on the crankcase or in the recess for In this context, "mounted" means that the cylinder head bearing surface covers or overlaps the recess of the crankcase. "Used" in this context means that the cylinder head bearing surface can be positively inserted into the recess of the crankcase. In the latter embodiment, the recess of the crankcase may have at least one inwardly directed at least partially circumferential projection or seat, so that the outer region of the cylinder head bearing surface can rest on the projection or seat.

The object is also achieved by a reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head, a crankcase and an integrally formed from a cylinder and a cylinder head bearing surface composite, wherein the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface has a recess for the one cylinder and wherein the crankcase a recess for receiving the one in one piece Having a cylinder and a cylinder head bearing surface formed composite, achieved in that a portion of the cylinder outer wall of the composite and the recess of the crankcase for receiving the composite form a coolant space or water space.

The composite described here consists of exactly one cylinder and one cylinder head bearing surface. The cylinder head bearing surface may be configured according to the multi-cylinder composite. It is also contemplated that the single-cylinder composite may be made of the same materials as the multi-cylinder composite.

The object is also achieved by a method for producing the reciprocating internal combustion engine.

The method comprises the following steps:

Separate production of the crankcase, the composite and the cylinder head,

Inserting the composite into the crankcase,

Arranging the cylinder head on the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface of the composite,

- Connecting the crankcase, the composite and the cylinder head.

It is part of the invention that the steps

Inserting the composite into the crankcase, Arranging the cylinder head on the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface of the composite,

can be reversed. Accordingly, at first, the cylinder head may be disposed on the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface of the composite, and may be mounted thereon, after which the composite with the cylinder head is inserted into the crankcase.

It is according to the invention belonging to the method that the connection of the crankcase, the composite and the cylinder head by common methods such as screws, gluing, clamping, sealing or the like is achieved. Due to the one-piece design of the composite, it is advantageously achieved that the cylinders are hardly or not distorted when joining, since the force flow during connection (for example, by tightening cylinder head bolts) is decoupled from the cylinder ears. Due to the configuration, a slimmer cylinder wall can be further realized, which leads to a weight and thus cost reduction.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings, which are not limited thereto. Show it

1 is a perspective view of the composite of four cylinders according to the invention and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting them;

2 shows the composite of four cylinders according to the invention and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting them in FIG. 2, in a perspective view turned over in comparison to FIG. 1, FIG.

3a shows the composite of four cylinders according to the invention and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting them, wherein the coolant guide is realized by drilling through the intermediate region of two adjacent longitudinally connected cylinders, in a vertical sectional view, FIG. 3b shows the composite of four cylinders according to the invention and a plate-shaped cylinder head contact surface connecting them, wherein the coolant guide is realized by a cooling channel core in the intermediate region of two adjacent longitudinally connected cylinders, in a vertical sectional view,

3c shows the composite of four cylinders according to the invention and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting them, wherein the coolant guide is realized by freestanding cylinders, in a vertical sectional view,

3 shows the composite of four cylinders according to the invention and a plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface connecting them, wherein a cooling groove is arranged on the cylinder head bearing surface, in a vertical sectional view, FIG.

4 shows an inventive reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head and a crankcase, wherein between the cylinder head and the crankcase, a composite of four cylinders and a four-cylinder connecting plate-shaped cylinder head support surface is arranged, in an exploded view,

Fig. 5 is a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention comprising two

Cylinder heads and a V8 crankcase, wherein between the cylinder heads and the V8 crankcase in each case a composite of four cylinders and a cylinder-connecting these plate-shaped cylinder head support surface is arranged, in an exploded view,

Fig. 6 shows a composite according to the invention (VR inline variant) and a corresponding open crankcase (VR inline crankcase), wherein the composite comprises six cylinders and a cylinder connecting these plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface, wherein the cylinders are arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction, in an exploded view . 7 shows a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention comprising a cylinder head and a crankcase, wherein between the cylinder head and the crankcase, a composite of four cylinders and a four-cylinder connecting plate-shaped cylinder head support surface is arranged, wherein the cylinder head support surface in the assembled state rests on the crankcase, and wherein on the upper side of the cylinder head bearing surface venting grooves are arranged, in exploded view,

Fig. 8 shows a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention comprising a cylinder head and a crankcase, wherein between the cylinder head and the crankcase, a composite of four cylinders and a four-cylinder connecting plate-shaped cylinder head support surface is arranged, wherein the cylinder head support surface in the assembled state in the recess of the crankcase in is introduced approximately positively, in exploded view,

9 shows the composite of four cylinders according to the invention and a plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface connecting them, with four cooling grooves arranged differently on the cylinders, in a perspective view, FIG.

10a-10f different sectional views of a composite arranged in an open crankcase,

FIGS. 1a-1f show various sectional views of a composite arranged in an open crankcase.

In Fig. 1 is an inventive composite (1) of four cylinders (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and a cylinder connecting these cylinder plate-shaped cylinder head surface (5), said composite (1) of at least two cylinders (2a, 2b, 2c , 2d) and this connecting plate-shaped cylinder head support surface (5) is integrally formed, shown in a perspective view. As shown, the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5) for each cylinder (2a; 2b; 2c; 2d) has a recess (3a; 3b; 3c; 3d). It is envisaged that the composite (1) can be inserted into or placed on an ("open") crankcase (7a; 7b) of a reciprocating internal combustion engine Furthermore, it is shown that the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5) - except for the recesses (3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) for each cylinder (2a; 2b; 2c; 2d) is formed without passage.

FIG. 2 shows the composite (1) according to the invention comprising four cylinders and a plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5) connecting them, in a perspective view turned over in comparison to FIG. 1. Since the composite (1) is manufactured separately, it is made possible by the use of cooling elements in the cylinder tube (steel molds, GJL, Ms, ...) a coatable tread (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) can be produced, without affecting the crankcase. It is also achieved that a requirement-optimized control of the fine grain and the freedom from pores of the cylinder tube structure is made possible by the separate production without the crankcase being influenced. For example, a quenching layer can be realized close to the surface of the tread. Likewise or additionally, a continuously quenched cylinder wall can be realized.

In FIGS. 3a to 3c, the composite (1) according to the invention of four cylinders (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting them is shown in vertical sectional views. In Fig. 3a it is shown that the coolant guide (6) can be realized by drilling through the intermediate region of two adjacent longitudinally connected cylinder (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d). In Fig. 3b it is shown that the coolant guide (6) by a cooling channel core in the intermediate region of two adjacent longitudinally connected cylinder (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) can be realized. In Fig. 3c is shown that the coolant guide (6) by free-standing cylinders (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) can be realized.

In FIG. 3d, the composite (1) according to the invention of four cylinders (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and a plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface connecting them is shown in vertical sectional views. In Fig. 3d it is shown that a cooling groove (6a) is arranged in the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface. The geometry, shape and position of the cooling groove (6a) are not limited to the illustrated gap-like embodiment, but may be arranged on the cylinder head bearing surface according to need. Fig. 4 shows a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention comprising a cylinder head (8) and a crankcase (7a) according to the invention, wherein between the cylinder head (8) and the crankcase (7a) a composite (1) of four cylinders and one of these four cylinders is arranged connecting plate-shaped cylinder head support surface, in exploded view.

Fig. 5 shows a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention, comprising two cylinder heads (8) and an inventive V8 crankcase (7b), wherein between the cylinder heads (8) and the V8 crankcase (7b) each have a composite (1) of four cylinders and one of these four cylinders connecting plate-shaped cylinder head support surface is arranged, in exploded view. As shown, the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface of the composite (1) may have passages (9) which may be used for fixation between the respective cylinder head (8), the composite (1) and the crankcase (7b).

As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, no separate cylinder head gasket is required, whereby the power transmission can be direct and flat and is not limited to a cylinder head gasket contour. This is particularly advantageous in the highly loaded area (compression area).

6 shows an inventive composite (1, VR6 inline variant) and a corresponding open crankcase (7c, VR6 inline crankcase) in an exploded view. The composite (1) comprises six cylinders (2, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f) and a plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5) connecting these cylinders. The composite (1) is configured to be inserted into the crankcase (7c) (the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface can be approximately positively fitted on a seat in the crankcase, the cylinders are guided in the crankcase). The cylinders are arranged offset to one another in the longitudinal direction and in each case have a setback (to the longitudinal axis) of about 15%. The cylinders (2, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f) can be freely guided in the crankcase (7c). The inner contour of the recess of the crankcase (for receiving the composite) may be substantially smooth (see Fig. 5) or, as shown here, have a contour. Cooling and ventilation grooves (6a) are shown on the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5). The cooling and ventilation grooves (6a) are at least partially arranged radially circumferentially around the recesses for the cylinder, wherein the shape, the size, the number, the depth and the position are freely designable. The cooling and venting grooves (6a) allow the fluids under pressure (gases and partly also coolant fluid) under operating conditions to escape from the water space through the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5).

Fig. 7 shows an inventive reciprocating internal combustion engine in exploded view. The reciprocating internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder head (8) and a crankcase (7a) according to the invention, wherein between the cylinder head (8) and the crankcase (7a) a composite (1) of four cylinders and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting these four cylinders is arranged. In the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention, the composite (1) is mounted on the crankcase (7a) (the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface rests on the crankcase, the cylinders are guided in the crankcase). On the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface three cooling and ventilation grooves (6a) are shown. The cooling and venting grooves (6a) are disposed between the recesses for the cylinders. The cooling and ventilation grooves (6a) allow the fluids under pressure (gases and, in some cases, also coolant fluid) under operating conditions to escape from the water space through the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5).

Fig. 8 shows an inventive reciprocating internal combustion engine in an exploded view. The reciprocating internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder head (8) and a crankcase (7a) according to the invention, wherein between the cylinder head (8) and the crankcase (7a) a composite (1) of four cylinders and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting these four cylinders is arranged. In the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention, the composite (1) is positively inserted into the crankcase (7a) (the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface rests on a shoulder in the crankcase so that the cylinder head bearing surface and the top of the crankcase are flat in the assembled condition; are guided in the crankcase).

In FIG. 9, a composite (1) according to the invention comprising four cylinders and a plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface connecting these cylinders, wherein the composite (1) is formed in one piece, is shown in a perspective view. The outer walls of the cylinder point a horizontally encircling bead (14). The bead (14) is preferably designed as a sealing bead and serves in the operating state (zusammenmonierter state of Hubkolben- internal combustion engine) as a seal between the coolant space or water space (formed by the outer walls of the cylinder and the upper inner walls of the crankcase) and the lower crankcase. The shape, the position and the size of the bead (14) can be freely designed. It is also shown in FIG. 9 that support structures (6b) (here shown four), here rib reinforcements, which may also be cooling ribs, are realized on the outer cylinder walls. As a result, inter alia, a flow optimization is achieved. The support structures (ribs) can be arranged on the outer walls of the cylinders in any desired manner (as shown, for example, longitudinally, transversely or obliquely).

In FIGS. 10a to 10f, the composite (1) according to the invention is arranged as an attached composite in a crankcase (7a) and shown in different views and sectional planes. In Fig. 10a, the patch on the crankcase composite is shown in plan view, wherein the sectional planes are plotted for the Fig. 10b to Fig. 10f. 10b shows the sectional plane AA, FIG. 10c shows the sectional plane BB, FIG. 10D shows the sectional plane CC, FIG. 10E shows the sectional plane DD and FIG. 10F shows the sectional plane E-E. In FIG. 10b the sectional plane AA represented, wherein the composite (1) mounted and connected by fastening means (13), here Zugankerschrauben, with the crankcase (7a). The tie bolts are threaded through the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface of the composite (1) into the crankcase. As shown, the coolant space or water space (11) is formed by the outer walls of the cylinders and the upper inner walls of the crankcase. FIGS. 10b to 10f further show that the outer wall of the cylinder shown here has a horizontally encircling bead (14). The bead is designed as a sealing bead (see Fig. 10e). The sealing bead is arranged on the cylinder in such a way that a seal is achieved between the coolant space or water space (11) and the lower crankcase. The composite (1) is provided in the present example for ease of illustration with three different coolant guides (6), although each of the variants is individually implemented in a composite, wherein in Fig. 10b a slot coolant guide, in Fig. 10c, two horizontally drilled coolant guides and in Fig. LOD a coolant guide by free-standing cylinders are shown. In Fig. Lof these coolant guides are shown as a section EE from left to right. The Coolant guides (6) are connected to the coolant space or water space (11), so that the coolant can be circulated around the cylinders.

In FIGS. 11a to 11f, the composite (1) according to the invention is arranged as an inserted composite in a crankcase (7a) and shown in different views and sectional planes. In Fig. 10a of the composite used on the crankcase is shown in plan view, wherein the sectional planes for the Fig. I Ib to Fig l lf are drawn. FIG. 11b shows the sectional plane BB, FIG. 11d shows the sectional plane CC, FIG. 11e shows the sectional plane DD, and FIG. 11f shows the sectional plane E- E. In FIGS. It is shown that the fastening means (13), here tie rod bolts, engage in the crankcase (7a) but are not guided into the composite (1). As shown, the coolant space or water space (11) is formed by the outer walls of the cylinders and the upper inner walls of the crankcase. In the Fig. Ib to l lf is further shown that the outer wall of the cylinder shown here has a horizontally encircling bead (14). The bead is designed as a sealing bead (see Fig. L le). The sealing bead is arranged on the cylinder in such a way that a seal is achieved between the coolant space or water space (11) and the lower crankcase. , The composite (1) is provided in the present example for better illustration with three different coolant guides (6), although each of the variants can be implemented individually in a composite, wherein in Fig. Ib a slot coolant guide, in Fig. 11c, two bored horizontally Coolant guides and in Fig. L ld a coolant guide are shown by free-standing cylinder. In Fig. L lf these coolant guides are shown as a section E-E from left to right. The coolant guides (6) are connected to the coolant space or water space (11), so that the coolant can be circulated around the cylinders.

Claims

Composite (1) comprising at least two cylinders (2a, 2b, 2a, 2b, 2c; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f) and a plate-shaped cylinder head support surface connecting them

(5), wherein the composite (1) consists of at least two cylinders (2a, 2b; 2a, 2b, 2c; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f) and the plate-like material connecting them Cylinder head support surface (5) is formed integrally, wherein the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface (5) for each cylinder (2a; 2b; 2c; 2d; 2e; 2f) has a recess (3a; 3b; 3c; 3d; 3e; 3f) and wherein the Composite (1) in a crankcase (7a, 7b, 7c) of a reciprocating internal combustion engine used or on a crankcase (7a, 7b, 7c) of a reciprocating internal combustion engine can be placed, characterized in that at least one coolant guide (6) between the cylinders (2a, 2b, 2b, 2c, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2c, 2d, 2e).

Composite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5) - except for the recesses (3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) for each cylinder (2a; 2b; 2c; 2d) - formed without a passage.

Composite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5) has at least one passage (9).

Composite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite (1) is made of lamellar graphite cast iron (GJL), vermicular graphite cast iron (GJV), ductile iron cast iron (GJS) and / or steel and / or a combination of the aforementioned materials is made.

Composite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite (1) of non-ferrous materials, in particular aluminum alloys, such as aluminum-magnesium alloys (AlMgxx), aluminum-silicon alloys (AlSixx) with copper (Cu) and / or magnesium (Mg) and / or aluminum wrought alloys.

Composite (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant guide

(6) by drilling through the intermediate region of two adjacent cylinders (2a, 2b; 2b, 2c; 2c, 2d; 2d, 2e; 2e, 2f) and / or through a cooling channel core in the intermediate region of two cylinders (2a, 2b, 2b, 2c, 2c, 2d, 2d, 2e, 2e, 2f) and / or by freestanding cylinders (2a, 2b, 2c; 2d; 2e; 2f) is realized.

7. crankcase (7a, 7b) of a reciprocating internal combustion engine, characterized in that the crankcase (7a, 7b) comprises a recess (10) for receiving the composite (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

8. Stroke piston internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head (8), a crankcase (7a; 7b) according to claim 7, and a composite (1) according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the composite (1) between the cylinder head ( 8) and the crankcase (7a; 7b; 7c) and in the recess (10) for receiving the composite (1) is arranged.

9. Reciprocating internal combustion engine according to claim 8, characterized in that the outer wall portions of the cylinder (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f) of the composite (1) and the wall portions of the recess (10 ) for receiving the composite (1) of the crankcase (7a; 7b; 7c) form a coolant space (11).

10. Reciprocating internal combustion engine according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the at least two cylinders (2a, 2b, 2a, 2b, 2c; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d; 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f) is placed on the crankcase (7a, 7b, 7c) or inserted into the recess (10) for receiving the composite (1).

11. Reciprocating internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder head, a crankcase and an integrally formed from a cylinder and a cylinder head bearing surface composite, wherein the plate-shaped cylinder head support surface has a recess for the one cylinder and wherein the crankcase a recess for receiving the one piece of a cylinder and a Cylinder head bearing surface formed composite, characterized in that an area of the cylinder outer wall of the composite and the recess of the crankcase for receiving the composite form a coolant space. Method for producing the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to one of claims 8 to 11, comprising the following steps:

Separate production of the crankcase (7a, 7b, 7c), the composite (1) and the cylinder head (8),

Inserting the composite (1) into the crankcase (7a; 7b; 7c),

Arranging the cylinder head (8) on the plate-shaped cylinder head bearing surface (5) of the composite (1),

- Connecting the crankcase (7a, 7b, 7c), the composite (1) and the cylinder head (8).