EP3309327B1 - Transport anchor - Google Patents

Description

• einen bügelförmigen Grundkörper mit
  • einem bogenförmigen Zentralabschnitt zum Einhängen von Anschlagmitteln,
  • zwei vom Zentralabschnitt ausgehenden, sich im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander erstreckenden Ankerschenkeln,
• ein zwischen den Ankerschenkeln angeordnetes Druckelement.

The present invention relates to a transport anchor for double walls, comprising

• a bow-shaped body with
  • an arched central section for hanging lifting gear,
  • two anchor legs extending from the central section and extending essentially parallel to one another,
• a pressure element arranged between the anchor legs.

The invention further relates to a method for producing such a transport anchor.

Such transport and laying anchors are used for the transport of so-called double walls. They are usually poured into concrete walls in the precast concrete industry and serve on the one hand as a transport device to which sling gear can be attached, and on the other hand as a spacer during the concreting process.

Large forces act on the transport anchor during the transport process. In order to avoid that the armature legs move towards each other and, in the worst case, detach themselves from the walls, the pressure element for absorbing forces is arranged between them.

For example, is from the publication DE 100 38 249 B4 a transport anchor is known in which the pressure element is made of steel and welded onto the anchor legs. The large forces mentioned act on this weakened area during the transport of the double walls, as a result of which the risk of the weld seams tearing, and thus the subsequent excessive deformation of the transport anchor, is very high. A similar pressure element made of steel comes from the publication EP 3 029 220 A1 forth. In this the pressure element is preferably used by spot welding. The welding process also locally changes and weakens the surrounding material, which also reduces stability. In both cases, the welded connections to the Break the lifting anchor out of the concrete, which in turn can cause the precast concrete to fall.

The DE 20 2014 103 774 U1 describes a transport anchor in which steel pressure element is slidably held on the base body. Basically, the pressure element should remain in its position due to the diameter of through openings, unless larger forces are exerted from the outside: this can certainly not be guaranteed. In this respect, the pressure element can also shift during installation, which leads to corresponding disadvantages.

For this reason, transport anchors are known which, instead of a pressure element, are not made of steel but of a flexible material, for example wood. Wood is able to absorb the forces that occur, but does not detach from the anchor legs. It is disadvantageous, however, that wood can absorb liquid, which on the one hand leads to rotting of the pressure element, but on the other hand can also freeze and expand. Both are disadvantageous, since damage can still occur in the double wall or the precast concrete part afterwards.

The DE 10 2005 009708 A1 describes, for example, a variant in which the pressure element can be made of textile concrete. However, it is also essential in this variant that the pressure element should be compliant to transverse pressure. In this respect, detachment from the double wall is also possible with this variant.

The object of the invention is to provide a transport anchor which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above. The transport anchor should still be inexpensive to manufacture and enable safe use. Furthermore, the transport anchor should not lead to damage or disadvantages even if it later remains in the double wall. The task also consists in proposing a method for producing such a transport anchor.

The object of the invention is achieved in that the pressure element consists entirely of reinforcement-free concrete. A method according to the invention for issuing such a transport anchor results from the independent method claim.

According to the invention, the pressure element is cast individually and adapted to the transport anchor to be manufactured. According to the invention, the pressure element consists of concrete, since the pressure element then consists of the same material as the double walls into which it is poured. Thus, even after installing the double walls, there are no physical differences or disadvantages between the double walls and the pressure element.

Advantageously, the pressure element is connected to the anchor legs in the same way as the double walls themselves. This has the advantage that occurring forces act and are distributed equally. In contrast to a very stiff steel or a pressure element made of wood, there are no deviating conditions in the transition area between the anchor legs and the pressure element. In contrast, the use of steel or wood pressure elements causes a very rigid and rigid behavior in this transition area, which in turn can lead to compensating movements of the anchor legs and thus to detachment from the double walls. The local change in the welding area and breaking of weld seams, which is usually caused by welding, is excluded.

The concrete pressure element according to the invention is furthermore watertight, a transfer of moisture via the pressure element from one double wall to the other is thus prevented. This is not the case, in particular, in the case of pressure elements made of wood and tubular, internally hollow pressure elements made of steel.

Basically, the pressure element can have any cross-section; round, oval, rectangular or triangular cross-sections are particularly suitable.

The pressure element is made entirely of concrete, it is not mixed with a reinforcing material, such as fibers, nets or other elements made of steel or an alternative material with high tensile strength.

The pressure element can be arranged in the region of the transport anchor in which the anchor legs run essentially parallel to one another. Preferably, however, the pressure element can also be in a transition region between the arcuate central section and the ones parallel to one another extending anchor legs may be arranged. Ultimately, an arrangement within the arcuate central section is also conceivable.

The central section can be formed by two straight leg sections that run towards one another and are connected to one another via a relatively short arc. The central section thus has an approximately triangular shape overall. Alternatively, starting from the transition region, the arc-shaped base body can also run curved over its entire length.

The anchor legs can be straight over their entire length, but alternatively they can also have free end regions which are formed from the otherwise straight extension of the anchor legs. The shaping can take place in all directions, for example towards one another, away from one another, or parallel to one another, or in different directions.

The base body is usually made of steel. According to the invention, however, this can also consist of a wire or wire rope. It is preferable to use a stainless steel cable, for example a galvanized steel cable, but it is also conceivable to use a rope with sufficient tensile strength, for example made of Kevlar or carbon. The use of a cable or rope makes manufacturing easier and faster due to the flexibility. Since a wire or steel rope consists of a plurality of strands or wires, the use of the transport anchor according to the invention is safer. Usually, not all strands tear at the same time, but individually, so that there is often still time to remove the double walls before the rope breaks completely.

In addition, the production of such a transport anchor is simple and inexpensive, a process that uses only a single material is fundamentally advantageous in terms of logistics and production technology.

According to the invention, the pressure element can have a length that does not protrude beyond a maximum width of the base body. The pressure element is thus arranged between the two arm legs. For this purpose, the pressure element can have grooves at its two free ends, through which an arm leg extends in each case.

In a second embodiment variant according to the invention, the pressure element can have a length that exceeds the maximum width of the base body. In this case, the free ends of the pressure element protrude laterally beyond the base body. The pressure element can have a continuous opening for each anchor leg, through which the respective anchor leg extends; alternatively, correspondingly deep grooves are also conceivable.

The openings for pushing through the base body or the armature legs can preferably run obliquely or be offset from one another, so that the armature legs are led through the pressure element at an angle and do not run parallel to one another. The distance between the two anchor legs increases in the direction of their free ends. This is particularly advantageous if the base body is formed by a flexible steel cable. In this case, the arcuate central section above the pressure element deforms when the component to be transported is lifted. The arcuate central section is stretched. Under load, the anchor legs therefore run straight through the pressure element due to the inclined openings.

Furthermore, it can be provided according to the invention that the pressure element is either connected to the base body in a stationary manner, that is to say immovably, but it can also be provided that the base body at least towards one another along the anchor legs.

The base body of a transport anchor according to the invention can preferably be shortened in that the free ends have cross-sectional reinforcements, for example in the form of pipe sections or cylindrical bodies. As a result, the connection of the base body or the anchor leg to the respective double wall is improved. The cross-sectional reinforcements can also be made of a different material.

In order to prevent the anchor leg from floating during installation in the double wall, a fixedly connected or removable fixing element can advantageously also be provided, which is approximately parallel to the Pressure element runs. This can also consist of steel, but also of plastic or another suitable material.

Alternatively, it can also be advantageous if the free ends of the anchor legs taper. This makes it easier to insert the anchors into the double walls, especially if they have a steel rating.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment variant, the pressure element has a separating body in its course, which divides the pressure element into two areas, so to speak. This separating element can bring about thermal decoupling, which in turn is advantageous for the durability of the transport anchor, in particular after the double walls have been installed. The separating body is made of a material that is able to absorb the high forces. In particular, for example, there is a disk made of a correspondingly resistant plastic which has a low thermal conductivity.

A transport anchor according to the invention can preferably be produced by first prefabricating the pressure element and then connecting it to the base body. In a particularly advantageous embodiment variant, the method step of manufacturing the pressure element can also be combined with the assembly with the base body. Thus, the pressure element is manufactured, arranged in the base body and fixed with it in only one method step. The pressure element can be produced using a captive and an captive form. The shape can be made in several parts or in one part.

The pressure element can preferably be produced by filling a tubular, cylindrical basic shape with concrete. After the concrete has hardened, the basic shape, which consists, for example, of plastic, can remain on the pressure element. Even before filling with concrete, the basic shape is preferably connected to the basic body or to the anchor legs. This method is quick and simple, but has the disadvantage that liquid concrete material can flow out through the openings for the base body when filling or pouring out the base mold. This is due in particular to the fact that the openings must have a somewhat larger diameter than the anchor legs.

In an alternative embodiment variant, the cylindrical basic shape is made up of several parts. At the end of each cylindrical base body there are cover elements with openings for inserting the anchor legs. The cover elements are essentially cup-shaped and are attached with their open side to the ends of the cylindrical base body. A major advantage is that the three elements are easier to manufacture than a single basic shape.

The free end faces of the cylindrical base body can be designed and arranged parallel to one another, but they can also run obliquely to one another. In the latter case, the insertable cover elements also have inclined surfaces on their side facing the base body, so that when the three elements are assembled, a completely straight shape results. The openings for pushing through the base body or the armature legs are preferably arranged obliquely or offset from one another, so that the armature legs are passed through the pressure element at an angle and do not run parallel to one another.

Fig. 1:

Zwei Ausführungsvarianten eines erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 2:

die Transportanker aus Figur 1 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 3:

eine zweite Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 4:

den Transportanker aus Figur 3 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 5

eine dritte Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 6

den Transportanker aus Figur 5 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 7:

eine vierte Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 8:

den Transportanker aus Figur 7 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 9:

eine fünfte Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 10:

den Transportanker aus Figur 9 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 11:

eine sechste Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 12:

den Transportanker aus Figur 11 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 13:

eine siebte Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung.

Fig. 14:

den Transportanker aus Figur 13 in Draufsicht.

Fig. 15:

eine achte Ausführungsvariante eines Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig 16:

eine Ausschnittvergrößerung des Bereichs A aus Fig. 15,

Fig. 17:

einen erfindungsgemäßen Transportanker mit Fixierungselement in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 18:

den Transportanker aus Fig. 17 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 19:

eine neunte Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers in perspektivischer Darstellung,

Fig. 20:

den Transportanker aus Figur 18 in Draufsicht,

Fig. 21:

eine weitere Variante eines erfindungsgemäßen Transportankers.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. These show different embodiments of a transport anchor, with other shapes being conceivable. Show it:

Fig. 1:

Two variants of a transport anchor according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 2:

the lifting anchors Figure 1 in top view,

Fig. 3:

a second embodiment of a transport anchor according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 4:

the lifting anchor Figure 3 in top view,

Fig. 5

a third embodiment of the lifting anchor according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 6

the lifting anchor Figure 5 in top view,

Fig. 7:

a fourth embodiment of the lifting anchor according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 8:

the lifting anchor Figure 7 in top view,

Fig. 9:

a fifth embodiment of the lifting anchor according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 10:

the lifting anchor Figure 9 in top view,

Fig. 11:

6 shows a sixth embodiment variant of the transport anchor according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 12:

the lifting anchor Figure 11 in top view,

Fig. 13:

a seventh embodiment of the lifting anchor according to the invention in a perspective view.

Fig. 14:

the lifting anchor Figure 13 in top view.

Fig. 15:

an eighth embodiment of a transport anchor in a perspective view,

Fig 16:

an enlarged section of area A. Fig. 15 ,

Fig. 17:

a transport anchor according to the invention with a fixing element in a perspective view,

Fig. 18:

the lifting anchor Fig. 17 in top view,

Fig. 19:

a ninth embodiment of the lifting anchor according to the invention in a perspective view,

Fig. 20:

the lifting anchor Figure 18 in top view,

Fig. 21:

a further variant of a transport anchor according to the invention.

The Figures 1 to 21 show different variants of a transport anchor 20.

This has a base body with an arc-shaped central section 24 and adjoining, parallel armature legs 26. Furthermore, a pressure element 28 arranged between the armature legs 26 is shown.

The Figures 1 and 2 further illustrate that a length L of the pressure element 28 in the exemplary embodiment shown minimally exceeds a width B of the transport anchor 20 or of the base body. Alternatively, the pressure element 28 can also be designed such that it does not exceed the width B of the transporter 20.

According to the invention, the base body preferably consists of steel, a steel cable or a cable made of another resistant, suitable material. The pressure element 28 is formed from concrete.

According to the invention, the pressure element 28 can be arranged at various points in the course of the base body. The Figures 1 and 2 show, by way of example, two positioning options, namely in a transition region 30 between the armature legs 26 and the arcuate central section, or between the armature legs 26 running parallel to one another be arranged within the arcuate central portion 24.

The arcuate central section 24 can have a substantially triangular shape, formed by two straight leg sections 32 which merge into a relatively narrow arc 34. As an alternative to this, the arcuate central section 24 can also be designed as an arc as a whole, for example in FIGS Figures 3 to 6 shown.

The armature legs 26 can be made conical or tapering at their free ends, but can also be at the free ends Cross-sectional reinforcements 36 may be provided. The Figures 5 to 12 show different design variants of such cross-sectional reinforcements 36 in combination with different arc-shaped central sections 24. It is explicitly pointed out that further combinations are conceivable and sensible.

The cross-sectional reinforcements 36 can consist of the same material as the base body, but they can also be made of other materials.

The Figures 13 and 14 illustrate a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention. In the course of the pressure element 28, a separating body 38 is provided, which divides the pressure element 28 into two separate areas, a first pressure element section 40 and a second pressure element section 42. The separating body 38 is used in particular for the thermal decoupling of the two pressure element sections 40, 42. This effectively prevents an unwanted cold bridge between the two double walls.

The show purely by way of example Figures 15 and 16 the use of a reinforcing element within the pressure element 28, according to an embodiment which is not part of the invention. A wire body 46 is shown, each of which surrounds an armature leg 26. The wire body 46 reinforces the pressure element 28 on the one hand, but also brings about a better attachment to the armature leg 26. In addition to the wire body 46 or as an alternative thereto, the pressure element 28 can have further elements for reinforcement, for example braids, fibers made of steel or plastic.

The Figures 17 and 18 show a fixing element 48 which runs essentially parallel to the pressure element 28 and holds the two armature legs 26 in position or holds them towards one another under pretension. By connecting, preferably welding, the fixing element 48 to the two anchor legs 26, the total length of the anchor legs 26 and thus the entire transport anchor 20 can be shortened.

The show purely by way of example Figures 19 and 20 an embodiment variant in which the free ends of the armature legs 26 are formed from the essentially straight direction of the armature legs 26. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the armature legs 26 each have an end section 50 running transversely to the actual course of the armature legs 26 In the exemplary embodiment shown, the end sections 50 extend at right angles in different directions, but alternatively they can also be arranged tapering toward one another or at different angles away from the anchor legs 26.

Figure 21 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the invention. The pressure element 28 is formed in a basic form, which is made in three parts. The basic shape is filled with concrete and remains on the transport anchor 20, it has a base body 60 and two cover elements 62.

The cover elements 62 with openings 52 for pushing through the armature legs 26 connect to the end of the cylindrical base body 60. The cover elements 62 are essentially cup-shaped and are attached with their open side to the ends of the cylindrical base body 60.

The free end faces of the cylindrical base body 60 run obliquely to one another in the exemplary embodiment shown. In the latter case, the plug-in cover elements 62 also have inclined surfaces on their side facing the base body 60, so that when the three elements 60, 62 are in the assembled state, there is a consistently straight shape. The openings 52, through which the armature legs 26 extend, run obliquely or offset from one another, so that the armature legs 26 are passed through the pressure element 28 at an angle and do not run parallel to one another. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the base body is formed from a steel cable.

The figures show various advantageous embodiments of the invention. The combinations shown are not to be understood as conclusive, rather they can be combined with one another in accordance with the claims. For example, each type of the arcuate central section 24 can be combined with all different variants of the arrangement of the pressure element 28 or end sections 50.

In the exemplary embodiments shown, the armature legs 26 extend through openings 52 of the respective pressure element 28. Alternatively, grooves (not shown) formed at the end can also be provided.

Claims (17)

1. A transport anchor (20) for double walls, comprising

   - a stirrup-shaped basic body, comprising

   - an arc-shaped central portion (24) for fitting sling gear,

   - two anchor legs (26) that extend from the central portion (24) and run substantially parallel to each other,

   - a pressure member (28) disposed between the anchor legs (26),

   characterized in that the pressure member (28) consists entirely of reinforcing material-free concrete.
2. The transport anchor (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure member (28) has a cross-sectional shape from the group round, oval, rectangular or triangular.
3. The transport anchor (20) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure member (28) is disposed in a transitional region (30) between the central portion (24) and the anchor legs (26).
4. The transport anchor (20) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pressure member (28) is disposed within the extent of the anchor legs (26) that extend parallel to each other.
5. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a length L of the pressure member (28) is shorter than a width B of the transport anchor (20).
6. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length L of the pressure member (28) is greater than the width B of the transport anchor (20), so that the pressure member (28) protrudes laterally over the basic body.
7. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressure member (28) has openings (52) through which one anchor leg (26) extends in each case.
8. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressure member (28) has on its ends one groove, respectively, through which one anchor leg (26) extends in each case.
9. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, over the extent of the pressure member (28), a thermally insulating separator body (38) is provided, which divides the pressure member (28) into a first pressure member section (40) and a second pressure member section (42).
10. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the basic body is formed from steel.
11. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the basic body is formed from steel rope.
12. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a fixing member (48) is provided, which extends substantially parallel to the pressure member (28) and fixes the anchor legs (26) in their position.
13. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the anchor legs (26) have cross-sectional reinforcements (36) at their free ends.
14. The transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the anchor legs (26) have at each of their free ends one end portion (50) which extends transversely to the substantially straight extent of the anchor legs (26).
15. A method for the production of a transport anchor (20) according to any one of the claims 1 to 14, characterized by the method steps:

    - producing a stirrup-shaped basic body with an arc-shaped central portion (24) and two anchor legs (26) that extend from the central portion (24) and run substantially parallel to each other,

    - producing a pressure member (28) from entirely reinforcing material-free concrete,

    - arranging and connecting the pressure member (28) to the basic body.
16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the pressure member (28) is prefabricated and subsequently connected to the basic body.
17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the production of the pressure member (28) and the connecting of the pressure member (28) to the basic body take place in a single method step.

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