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EP3389932B1 - Percussive handheld machine tool - Google Patents

Percussive handheld machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3389932B1
EP3389932B1 EP16809714.5A EP16809714A EP3389932B1 EP 3389932 B1 EP3389932 B1 EP 3389932B1 EP 16809714 A EP16809714 A EP 16809714A EP 3389932 B1 EP3389932 B1 EP 3389932B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
striker
exciter
barrier body
pneumatic chamber
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16809714.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3389932A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Hartmann
Rory Britz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Hilti AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hilti AG filed Critical Hilti AG
Publication of EP3389932A1 publication Critical patent/EP3389932A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3389932B1 publication Critical patent/EP3389932B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/12Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism
    • B25D11/125Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism with a fluid cushion between the crank drive and the striking body
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/005Arrangements for adjusting the stroke of the impulse member or for stopping the impact action when the tool is lifted from the working surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D16/00Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D17/00Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D17/06Hammer pistons; Anvils ; Guide-sleeves for pistons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2217/00Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D2217/0011Details of anvils, guide-sleeves or pistons
    • B25D2217/0019Guide-sleeves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/035Bleeding holes, e.g. in piston guide-sleeves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/131Idling mode of tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/185Pressure equalising means between sealed chambers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/231Sleeve details
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/345Use of o-rings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25DPERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/365Use of seals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a striking machine tool, in particular a hand-held pneumatic hammer drill and a hand-held pneumatic electric chisel, according to the preamble of claim 1 and as from US 2002/108766 A1 known.
  • a hand-held pneumatic hammer drill has a pneumatic percussion driven by a motor.
  • a pneumatic chamber forms an air spring which couples a racket to an exciter moved by the motor.
  • the hammer mechanism is deactivated if the user does not apply pressure to the tool to protect the hammer from excessive loading. As soon as the user presses the hammer to the tool, the hammer mechanism starts to work again. In high-performance machines, the guiding of the hammer when re-pressing proves to be difficult to control.
  • the striking hand tool has a tool holder for holding a striking tool on a working axis, an electric motor and a striking mechanism.
  • the hammer mechanism has a pathogen moved by the electric motor, a racket coupled to the exciter via a pneumatic chamber disposed between the exciter and the racket, and a striker located in the direction of impact of the racket. The striker is in a working position against the direction of impact on a stop.
  • the pneumatic chamber has a radial opening.
  • a stationary check valve has a valve seat, and an elastic lock body, wherein the elastic lock body in a relaxed state has a partially or completely off the valve seat, lifting basic shape and wherein in the working position of the elastic locking body, in a fully applied to the valve seat, braced Form is forced by the striker.
  • the check valve is the input side connected to the stationary check valve, and the output side connected to the radial opening.
  • the exciter can increase the amount of air in the pneumatic chamber.
  • the larger amount of air reduces the impact and increases the stiffness of the air spring, which facilitates the attachment of the tool to the ground.
  • the striker disables the air flow via a check valve upstream of the check valve.
  • the user can indirectly open and close the check valve via the tool and the striker.
  • the self-opening check valve and the stopper closed check valve proves to be advantageous in terms of response and störun. against the vibrations during chiseling operation.
  • An embodiment provides that the locking body, and / or the valve seat are immovable along the working axis relative to the striking mechanism.
  • the stationary check valve has a low inertia, whereby a rapid response and insensitivity to vibration can be achieved.
  • the locking body is an elastic ring and the valve seat is arranged at a radial distance from the elastic ring, wherein the locking body along the working axis is arranged such that the striker is immersed in the working position in the locking body and wherein the locking body by the submerged striker is spread elastically up to the valve seat.
  • the check valve has a moving only in the radial direction element and is thus decoupled from the forces acting on the working axis during chiseling.
  • the check valve has an elastic ring which is divided by a circumferential circumferential notch in the valve seat and the lock body.
  • a puncture running along the working axis is provided in the blocking body.
  • the check valve is a monolithic body with a flow-through labyrinth, which can be closed by elastic deformation of the body, in particular the groove.
  • the check valve does not require an additional spring element, whereby the proportion of movable elements of the check valve can be kept low.
  • the blocking body can open its own elastic force the check valve.
  • the pneumatic chamber has a throttle opening for exchanging air between the pneumatic chamber and the surroundings of the portable power tool.
  • the throttle opening may be arranged at a hammer-side reversal point of the exciter.
  • a ratio of Cross-sectional area of the throttle opening to the cross-sectional area of the channel opening less than one to twelve.
  • About the throttle opening can be adjusted specifically the outflow of the increased amount of air.
  • the throttle opening is very small, whereby the outflow preferably takes up to one second.
  • Fig. 1 shows a hammer drill 1 as an example of a beating hand-held machine tool.
  • the hammer drill 1 has a tool holder 2 in which coaxial with a working axis 3, a drill, chisel or other beating tool 4 can be used and locked.
  • the hammer drill 1 has a pneumatic impact mechanism 5, which can exert periodic punches in a direction of impact 6 on the tool 4 .
  • a rotary drive 7 can rotate the tool holder 2 continuously about the working axis 3 .
  • the pneumatic hammer 5 and the rotary drive are driven by an electric motor 8 , which is fed from a battery 9 or a power line with electric current.
  • the striking mechanism 5 and the rotary drive 7 are arranged in a machine housing 10 .
  • a handle 11 is typically arranged on a side facing away from the tool holder 2 of the machine housing 10 .
  • the user can hold the hammer drill 1 by means of the handle 11 in operation and lead.
  • An additional auxiliary handle can be attached near the tool holder 2 .
  • an operating button 12 is arranged, which the user can operate preferably with the holding hand.
  • the electric motor 8 is turned on by operating the operating button 12 . Typically, the electric motor 8 rotates as long as the operation button 12 is kept depressed.
  • the tool 4 is movable in the tool holder 2 along the working axis 3 .
  • the tool 4 has an elongated groove into which a ball or other locking body of the tool holder 2 engages.
  • the user holds the tool 4 in a working position in that the user presses the tool 4 indirectly through the hammer drill 1 to a substrate ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the pressing is associated with a chiseling phase.
  • the tool 4 is moved by the impact of the striking mechanism 5 in the direction of impact 6 from the working position.
  • the tool 4 can remain in the advanced position if the user does not continue to press the hammer drill 1 ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the lack of pressing is associated with a rest phase and leads to an automatic shutdown of the striking mechanism 5.
  • the user can start the striking mechanism 5 by re-pressing, ie transfer from the resting phase in the chiseling phase (start phase; Fig. 4 ).
  • the pneumatic percussion 5 has along the direction of impact 6 a pathogen 13, a bat 14 and an anvil 15.
  • the exciter 13 is forced by means of the electric motor 8 to a periodic movement along the working axis 3 .
  • the bat 14 is coupled via an air spring to the movement of the exciter 13 .
  • the air spring is formed by a closed between the exciter 13 and the bat 14 pneumatic chamber 16 .
  • the bat 14 moves in the direction of impact 6 until the bat 14 strikes the striker 15 .
  • the striker 15 abuts the tool 4 in the direction of impact 6 and transmits the impact to the tool 4.
  • the exemplary impact mechanism 5 has a piston-shaped exciter 13 and a piston-shaped racket 14 , which are guided by a guide tube 17 along the working axis 3 .
  • the exciter 13 and the bat 14 abut with their lateral surfaces on the inner surface of the guide tube 17 .
  • the pneumatic chamber 16 is closed by the exciter 13 and the bat 14 along the working axis 3 and by the guide tube 17 in the radial direction. Sealing rings in the outer surfaces of exciter 13 and bat 14 can improve the airtight completion of the pneumatic chamber 16 .
  • the exciter 13 is connected via a gear component with the electric motor 8 .
  • the transmission component transmits the rotational movement of the electric motor 8 in a periodic translational movement along the working axis .
  • An exemplary transmission component is based on an eccentric wheel 18 which is connected to the electric motor 8 .
  • a connecting rod 19 connects a pin 20 of the eccentric 18 with a pin in the exciter 13th
  • the exciter 13 moves synchronously with the electric motor 8 .
  • the electric motor 8 typically rotates in response to actuation of the operating button 12 and rotates as long as the user holds the operating button 12 pressed.
  • the periodic forward and backward movement of the exciter 13 also begins and ends with the actuation or release of the operating button 12.
  • Another example of such a transmission component is a wobble drive.
  • the racket 14 is coupled via the air spring to the exciter 13 .
  • the air spring is based on a pressure difference between the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 and the pressure in the environment.
  • the forced-motion exciter 13 increases or decreases the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 by means of its periodic axial movement.
  • the racket 14 is accelerated by the pressure difference in or against the direction of impact 6 .
  • Fig. 2 shows in a split representation of the exciter 13 and racket 14 whose position in the compression point (upper half) and in the impact point (lower half). At the compression point, the pneumatic chamber 16 is maximally compressed, the pressure difference is therefore greatest.
  • the racket 14 has the smallest distance to the exciter 13th
  • the compression point coincides approximately with the reversal point of the oscillatory motion of the racquet 14 .
  • the bat 14 induces a shock wave in the striker 15 , which passes through this and is transmitted to the voltage applied to the striker 15 tool 4 .
  • the striker 15 is movably guided in a percussion tube 21 along the working axis 3 .
  • the impact tube 21 can by the exciter 13 and racket 14 leading guide tube 17th or a separate tube may be formed.
  • the striker 15 is in the impact tube 21 between a working position ( Fig. 2 ), Rest positions ( Fig. 3 ) and a starting position ( Fig. 4 ) movable.
  • the striker 15 is in the working position against the direction of impact 6 on the stop 22 .
  • the working position of the tool 4 is characterized in that the striker 15 is in its working position and the tool 4 rests against the striker 15 .
  • the shock wave induced by the racket 14 can pass from the striker 15 to the tool 4 .
  • the user lifts the hammer drill 1 from the ground in a resting phase.
  • the tool 4 and the striker 15 can leave the working position in the direction of impact 6 in the rest position due to a shock or gravity ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the impact mechanism 5 is preferably deactivated when the striker 15 is in the rest position.
  • the striking mechanism 5 can have exactly one defined rest position, for example when the striker 15 abuts a stop 23 in the direction of impact 6 .
  • the exemplary striking mechanism 5 has a plurality of rest position, all within a contiguous, adjacent to the stop 23 area.
  • the striking mechanism 5 can be deactivated by reducing the rotational speed of the electric motor 8 .
  • the striking mechanism 5 is designed for an optimal number of beats, ie beats per second, at which a synchronous movement of the beater 14 and the exciter 13 occurs.
  • the optimum number of strokes is determined inter alia by the mass of the racket 14 , the end face of the racket 14 and the distance from the compression point to the impact point. If the periodicity of the forced-motion exciter 13 is significantly different from the optimal stroke rate, the bat 14 can no longer follow the excitation by the exciter 13 and stops.
  • the speed can be lowered, for example, by 20% or more compared to the speed for the optimum number of strokes.
  • a sensor may detect accelerations of the machine housing 10 , impact sounds, or a position of the striker 14 or the striker 15 to detect the rest position. The speed is reduced in response to the sensor.
  • the striking mechanism 5 can be deactivated by decoupling the racket 14 from the exciter 13 .
  • the pneumatic chamber 16 is vented to provide pressure equalization between the pneumatic chamber 16 and the environment.
  • the air exchange prevents the moving exciter 13 from getting sufficient Pressure difference for moving the racquet 14 can build.
  • the venting is effected by one or preferably a plurality of radial ventilation openings 24 of the pneumatic chamber 16 , which connects the cavity of the pneumatic chamber 16 with the environment.
  • the radial vents 24 are, for example, holes or punched holes in the guide tube 17.
  • the environment is typically the interior of the machine housing 10 , which in turn may be in continuous air exchange through openings with an environment outside the machine housing 10 .
  • the volume of the environment is so great that the amount of air moved by the exciter 13 causes no appreciable pressure fluctuation.
  • the volume of the environment is at least ten times as large as the maximum volume of the pneumatic chamber 16 .
  • the radial ventilation openings 24 can be closed and opened by a slide valve 25 .
  • the slide valve 25 is composed of the radial ventilation openings 24 and the bat 14 together.
  • the slide valve 25 is closed relative to the pneumatic chamber 16 when the lateral surface of the racket 14 covers the ventilation openings 24 or the racket 14 lies in the direction of impact 6 in front of the ventilation openings 24 ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the slide valve 25 is opened relative to the pneumatic chamber 16 when the racket 14 lies in the direction of impact 6 behind the ventilation openings 24 ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the pneumatic chamber 16 then extends along the working axis 3 to the ventilation openings 24 .
  • the position of the racket 14 in which the slide valve 25 changes from open to closed and vice versa, is hereinafter referred to as the switching point of the slide valve 25 ( Fig. 4 , lower half of the picture).
  • the slide valve 25 ie the ventilation openings 24 , is arranged along the working axis 3 in such a way that the slide valve 25 is moved during the chiselling phase (FIG. Fig. 2 ), ergo in the working position, is closed continuously and only during the resting phase ( Fig. 3 ), ergo at rest, may be open.
  • the ventilation openings 24 are arranged along the working axis 3 in the direction of impact 6 behind the impact point.
  • the bat 14 is viewed in the direction of impact 6 in the point of impact before the switching point.
  • the bat 14 while moving between the compression point and the impact point, continuously covers the vent opening 24 with respect to the pneumatic chamber 16 .
  • the racket 14 does not cover the ventilation opening 24 , ie the pneumatic chamber 16 overlaps with the ventilation opening 24 .
  • a cross-section of the ventilation openings is chosen such that an air flow between the pneumatic chamber 16 and the environment, the rate of change of the volume of the pneumatic chamber 16 due to the moving exciter 13 balances.
  • the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 differs only slightly from the environment, so no significant force is exerted on the racket 14 .
  • the striking mechanism 5 is deactivated despite the still moving exciter 13 .
  • An accumulated cross-sectional area of the ventilation openings 24 is in the range between 2% and 6% of the cross-sectional area of the pneumatic chamber 16 , ie the end face of the exciter 13 .
  • the racket 14 and the striker 15 can complete an (intermediate) chamber 26 along the working axis 3 .
  • the guide tube 17 and the impact tube 21 enclose the intermediate chamber 26 .
  • a channel 27 connects the pneumatic chamber 16 and the intermediate chamber 26 .
  • the channel 27 allows controlled air exchange between the pneumatic chamber 16 and the intermediate chamber 26 .
  • the channel 27 is provided with a check valve 28 and a check valve 29 .
  • the check valve 28 and the check valve 29 allow only an inflow of air into the pneumatic chamber 16 and the inflow only when the striker 15 is displaced from the working position. Otherwise locks at least one of the two valves.
  • the channel 27 has a preferably a plurality of in the pneumatic chamber 16 reaching channel openings 30th
  • the channel openings 30 are preferably radial openings in the pneumatic chamber 16 , eg a bore or a punched hole in the guide tube 17 .
  • the (first) channel opening 30 is preferably at or near the beater-side reversal point of the exciter 13 .
  • the channel opening 30 is not covered by the exciter 13 or for a long time by the racket 14 .
  • the channel opening 30 may be located at a different location along the guide tube 17 as long as the pneumatic chamber 16 at least temporarily overlaps the channel opening 30 in the chiseling phase.
  • the other (second) channel opening 31 extends, for example, into the intermediate chamber 26 .
  • the channel 27 or the channel openings 30 have a flow-through cross-sectional area of 0.5% to 4% of the cross-sectional area of the pneumatic chamber 16 , ie the end face of the exciter 13th
  • the check valve 28 is actuated by the striker 15 .
  • the check valve 28 is closed when the striker 15 is in the working position ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the check valve 28 is opened when the striker 15 is displaced from the working position ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the position of the striker 15 in which the check valve 28 changes from open to closed and vice versa is hereinafter referred to as the switching point of the check valve 28 ( Fig. 4 , upper half of the picture).
  • the striker 15 is considered in the direction of impact 6 in the switching point behind the working position.
  • the switching point of the slide valve 25 and the switching point of the check valve 28 are preferably matched.
  • the striker 15 indicates by its position, whether the racket 14 can open the slide valve 25 . If the striker 15 is in the switching point of the check valve 28 , the slide valve 25 is closed ( Fig. 4 , upper half of the picture).
  • the striker 15 protrudes in the switching point of the check valve 28 lying as far as against the direction of impact 6 before, that the bat 14 is adjacent to the striker 15 in the direction of impact 6 before the switching point of the spool valve 25 , ie the ventilation opening 24 covers.
  • the Schlagtechnik 5 has a starting position ( Fig.
  • the check valve 29 is connected on the input side to the intermediate chamber 26 and the output side to the pneumatic chamber 16 . Accordingly, the check valve 29 allows air flow from the intermediate chamber 26 into the pneumatic chamber 16 and blocks against air flow from the pneumatic chamber 16 into the intermediate chamber 26 .
  • the amount of air (air mass) in the pneumatic chamber 16 increases when the striker 15 is in the starting area.
  • the increased amount of air leads to a higher average pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 .
  • the amount of air is reduced both when the striker 15 changes to the rest position or to the working position.
  • the Schlagtechnik 5 goes during a start phase continuously from the rest phase in the chiseling phase with full impact performance. The user feels when pressing the Drill hammer 1 , when the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 increases when the striker 15 reaches the start area. The user must apply a minimum force to overcome the pressure. Otherwise, the racket 14 moves the striker 15 to above the starting position and switches off the percussion mechanism 5 by the slide valve 25 .
  • the channel 27 with the check valve 28 and the check valve 29 leads to an overpressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 when the striker 15 is in the start region.
  • the check valve 29 only allows air to flow into the pneumatic chamber 16 .
  • the exciter 13 sucks in its movement against the direction of impact 6 through the opening check valve 29 air.
  • the amount of air in the pneumatic chamber 16 increases because no air can escape. Leaks limit an increase in the amount of air.
  • the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 is greater than in the intermediate chamber 26 , corresponding to a result in the direction of impact 6 force on the racket 14 and indirectly to the voltage applied to the bat 14 striker 15. The user feels the counter to the direction of impact 6 acting Counterforce on the exciter 13 and the handle 11 .
  • the throttle opening 33 is preferably arranged at or near the beater-side reversal point of the exciter 13 .
  • a cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is very small.
  • the cross section limits air exchange with the environment to less than 1/10 of the air amount of the pneumatic chamber 16 within a period of the exciter 13 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is in the range of 0.05% to 0.20% of the end face of the exciter 13 .
  • the amount of air in the pneumatic chamber 16 is equalized within ten to fifty cycles of the exciter 13 to the environment. Depending on the size of the impact mechanism 5 , for example, 500 milliseconds (ms) to 800 ms pass by.
  • the preferably single throttle opening 33 is in particular significantly smaller than the ventilation openings 24 and the channel opening 30 .
  • the cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is preferably less than 6% of the cross-sectional area of the vent opening 24 and preferably less than 8% of the cross-sectional area of the channel opening 30 .
  • the channel 27 has four first channel openings 30 with a cross-sectional area of 2 mm 2 each, and the cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is 0.5 mm 2 .
  • the racket 14 may inadvertently shut down the gate valve 25 after shutdown, eg, by shock. Unless the striker 15 is accidentally in the working position, causes the pumping effect, an average force in the direction of impact 6 on the racket 14. The racket 14 is moved to the rest position, the slide valve 25 is opened and the striking mechanism 5 is turned off.
  • the exemplary check valve 28 has a stationary valve seat 34 and a resilient lock body 35 in a valve passage 36 (FIGS. Fig. 5 ).
  • the valve channel 36 opens into the second channel opening 31.
  • the check valve 28 is closed when the blocking body 35 completely abuts against the valve seat 34 and thereby strangles the valve channel 36 .
  • the locking body 35 is elastically braced when the locking body 35 completely rests against the valve seat 34 .
  • the check valve 28 is self-opening. Without external force of the locking body 35 relaxes from the strained shape in a basic shape, which is not or only partially applied to the valve seat 34 .
  • the check valve 28 is switched by means of the striker 15 .
  • the striker 15 has an active surface 37 which actuates the blocking body 35 .
  • the active surface 37 forces the locking body 35 against the valve seat 34 when the striker 15 is in the working position. If the striker 15 is located in the direction of impact 6 behind the switching point, the active surface 37 is force-free or non-
  • the exemplary locking body 35 is an elastic ring, for example made of rubber.
  • the blocking body 35 is arranged inside the impact tube 21 coaxially with the working axis 3 .
  • the exemplary valve seat 34 has in the radial direction to the working axis 3 and lies with the locking body 35 in a plane.
  • the distance of the valve seat 34 to the working axis 3 is slightly larger than the outer radius of the elastic ring.
  • the active surface 37 of the striker 15 is a section of the cylindrical lateral surface.
  • the radius of the lateral surface is greater by at least the gap than an inner radius of the ring.
  • the active surface 37 is within the plane when the striker 15 is in the working position.
  • the active surface 37 spreads the ring so far that the ring completely touches the valve seat 34 . If the striker 15 is outside the working position, the ring contracts in the radial direction into its basic shape and separates from the valve seat 34.
  • the check valve 29 is stationarily arranged at or near the first passage opening 30 .
  • the channel portion from the first channel opening 30 to the check valve 29 is as short as possible.
  • a dead volume formed by the channel portion is constant and less than 5% of the mean volume of the pneumatic chamber 16.
  • the exemplary check valve 29 is based on a movable locking body 38 and an inclined guide surface 39 (FIG. Fig. 6 ).
  • the check valve 29 has a Passage 40, in which an air flow can flow through the check valve 29 .
  • the check valve 29 locks automatically in an air flow against the passage direction 40.
  • the movable blocking body 35 lies in a bulge 41 of the channel 27.
  • the bulge 41 has a dimension along the passage direction 40, which allows a movement of the blocking body 38 along the passage 40 .
  • the inclined guide surface 39 is provided on the input side of the bulge 41 .
  • the guide surface 39 approaches the passage 27 counter to the passage direction 40 , as a result of which the blocking body 35 pressed against the guide surface 39 by a flow of air flowing in the opposite direction to the passage direction 40 is pressed into the passage 27 .
  • the movable blocking body 35 may be a ball or an elastic ring spanning the guide tube 17 .
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 An embodiment of the check valve 42 is in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 shown.
  • the check valve 28 is actuated by the striker 15 .
  • the striker 15 closes the check valve 28 when the striker 15 is in the working position ( Fig. 7 upper half of the picture; Fig. 8 ).
  • the check valve 28 is opened when the striker 15 is displaced from the working position ( Fig. 8 lower half of the picture; Fig. 9 ).
  • the check valve 42 has a valve seat 43 and an elastic lock body 44.
  • the valve seat 45 and the lock body 46 are formed of a monolithic elastic ring 46 .
  • the ring 46 is arranged coaxially with the striker 15 .
  • the ring 46 is placed on the guide tube 17 .
  • the ring 46 may be disposed within the guide tube 17 between the beater 14 and the striker 15 .
  • the ring 46 is clamped along the working axis 3 between the striker 15 and a seat 45 .
  • the anvil 15 presses in the operating position lying against the impact direction 6 to the ring 46. In the exemplary embodiment, transmits a control ring 47, the force from the anvil 15 to the ring 46.
  • the seat 45 is immovable relative to the guide tube 17, whereby the pressing force of the beatpiece 15 can compress the ring 46 axially.
  • the seat 45 forms with the ring 46 the stop to which the striker 15 is pressed against the direction of impact 6 for the working position.
  • the ring 46 has a circumferential notch 48 which divides the ring 46 along the axis into the valve seat 43 and the lock body 44 .
  • the locking body 44 may be configured in the form of a thin lip.
  • the blocking body 44 can be pivoted into the notch 48 far enough that the blocking body 44 touches the valve seat 43 and the notch 48 closes ( Fig. 8 ).
  • the ring 46, in particular the lip-shaped locking body 44 and the blocking body 35 with the valve seat 43 connecting web 49 are resiliently braced when the locking body 44 abuts against the valve seat 43 .
  • the notch 48 is opened, that is, the blocking body 44 is at a distance from the valve seat 43 (FIG. Fig. 9 ).
  • the ring 46 has one or more radial punctures 50 in the valve seat 43 and an axial puncture 51 in the locking body 44.
  • the air can from the intermediate chamber 26 through the radial puncture 50 on the side with the notch 48, in the notch 48 and through the axial puncture 51 from the check valve 42 flow into the channel 27 .
  • the notch 48 is compressed, that is, the lip-shaped locking body 44 abuts against the valve seat 43 , the air flow is interrupted.
  • the ring 46 lies with its radially inner surface airtight on the guide tube 17 , the notch 48 is on the radial outer side.
  • the ring 46 may alternatively be arranged with the lip-shaped locking body in the direction of impact 6 and the valve seat against the seat.
  • the ring 46 is formed of, for example, rubber or a synthetic rubber.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Description

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine schlagende Werkzeugmaschine, insbesondere einen handgehaltenen pneumatischen Bohrhammer und einen handgehaltenen pneumatischen Elektromeißel, nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und wie aus US 2002/108766 A1 bekannt.The present invention relates to a striking machine tool, in particular a hand-held pneumatic hammer drill and a hand-held pneumatic electric chisel, according to the preamble of claim 1 and as from US 2002/108766 A1 known.

Ein handgehaltener pneumatischer Bohrhammer hat ein pneumatisches Schlagwerk, das von einem Motor angetrieben ist. Eine pneumatische Kammer bildet eine Luftfeder, die einen Schläger an einen von dem Motor bewegten Erreger ankoppelt. Das Schlagwerk wird deaktiviert, wenn der Anwender keinen Anpressdruck auf das Werkzeug ausübt, um das Schlagwerk vor übermäßiger Belastung zu schützen. Sobald der Anwender den Bohrhammer an das Werkzeug anpresst, beginnt das Schlagwerk wieder zu arbeiten. Bei leitungsstarken Maschinen erweist sich das Führen des Bohrhammers beim erneuten Anpressen als schwer beherrschbar.A hand-held pneumatic hammer drill has a pneumatic percussion driven by a motor. A pneumatic chamber forms an air spring which couples a racket to an exciter moved by the motor. The hammer mechanism is deactivated if the user does not apply pressure to the tool to protect the hammer from excessive loading. As soon as the user presses the hammer to the tool, the hammer mechanism starts to work again. In high-performance machines, the guiding of the hammer when re-pressing proves to be difficult to control.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Die erfindungsgemäße schlagende Handwerkzeugmaschine hat einen Werkzeughalter zum Haltern eines schlagenden Werkzeugs auf einer Arbeitsachse, einen Elektromotor und ein Schlagwerk. Das Schlagwerk hat einen von dem Elektromotor bewegten Erreger, einen Schläger, der über eine zwischen dem Erreger und dem Schläger angeordnete pneumatische Kammer an den Erreger angekoppelt ist, und einen in Schlagrichtung von dem Schläger angeordnetem Döpper. Der Döpper liegt in einer Arbeitsstellung entgegen der Schlagrichtung an einem Anschlag an.The striking hand tool according to the invention has a tool holder for holding a striking tool on a working axis, an electric motor and a striking mechanism. The hammer mechanism has a pathogen moved by the electric motor, a racket coupled to the exciter via a pneumatic chamber disposed between the exciter and the racket, and a striker located in the direction of impact of the racket. The striker is in a working position against the direction of impact on a stop.

Die pneumatische Kammer hat eine radiale Öffnung. Ein stationäres Sperrventil hat einen Ventilsitz, und einen elastischen Sperrkörper, wobei der elastische Sperrkörper in einem entspannten Zustand eine sich teilweise oder vollständig von dem Ventilsitz, abhebende Grundform aufweist und wobei in der Arbeitsstellung der elastische Sperrkörper, in eine vollständig an dem Ventilsitz anliegende, verspannte Form durch den Döpper gezwungen ist. Das Rückschlagventil ist eingangsseitig mit dem stationären Sperrventil, und ausgangsseitig mit der radialen Öffnung verbunden.The pneumatic chamber has a radial opening. A stationary check valve has a valve seat, and an elastic lock body, wherein the elastic lock body in a relaxed state has a partially or completely off the valve seat, lifting basic shape and wherein in the working position of the elastic locking body, in a fully applied to the valve seat, braced Form is forced by the striker. The check valve is the input side connected to the stationary check valve, and the output side connected to the radial opening.

In Zusammenspiel mit dem Rückschlagventil kann der Erreger die Luftmenge in der pneumatischen Kammer erhöhen. Die größere Luftmenge reduziert die Schlagleistung und erhöht die Steifigkeit der Luftfeder, was das Ansetzen des Werkzeugs an den Untergrund erleichtert. Nach dem Ansetzen und während des meißelnden Betriebs deaktiviert der Döpper über ein dem Rückschlagventil vorgeschaltetem Sperrventil das Erhöhen der Luftmenge. Der Anwender kann das Sperrventil mittelbar über das Werkzeug und den Döpper öffnen und schließen. Das sich selbst öffnende Sperrventil und den Döpper geschlossene Sperrventil erweist sich als vorteilhaft hinsichtlich des Ansprechverhaltens und störunempfindlich gegenüber den Vibrationen während des meißelnden Betriebs.In conjunction with the check valve, the exciter can increase the amount of air in the pneumatic chamber. The larger amount of air reduces the impact and increases the stiffness of the air spring, which facilitates the attachment of the tool to the ground. After setting and during the chiselling operation, the striker disables the air flow via a check valve upstream of the check valve. The user can indirectly open and close the check valve via the tool and the striker. The self-opening check valve and the stopper closed check valve proves to be advantageous in terms of response and störunempfindlich against the vibrations during chiseling operation.

Eine Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass der Sperrkörper, und/oder der Ventilsitz längs der Arbeitsachse gegenüber dem Schlagwerk unbeweglich sind. Das stationäre Sperrventil hat eine geringe Trägheit, wodurch ein rasches Ansprechen und eine Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber Vibrationen erreicht werden kann.An embodiment provides that the locking body, and / or the valve seat are immovable along the working axis relative to the striking mechanism. The stationary check valve has a low inertia, whereby a rapid response and insensitivity to vibration can be achieved.

Eine Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass der Sperrkörper ein elastischer Ring und der Ventilsitz in einem radialen Abstand von dem elastischen Ring angeordnet ist, wobei der Sperrkörper längs der Arbeitsachse derart angeordnet ist, dass der Döpper in der Arbeitsstellung in den Sperrkörper eintaucht und wobei der Sperrkörper durch den eingetauchten Döpper bis anliegend an den Ventilsitz elastisch aufgespreizt ist. Das Sperrventil hat ein nur in radialer Richtung bewegtes Element und ist somit entkoppelt von den beim Meißeln längs der Arbeitsachse wirkenden Kräfte.An embodiment provides that the locking body is an elastic ring and the valve seat is arranged at a radial distance from the elastic ring, wherein the locking body along the working axis is arranged such that the striker is immersed in the working position in the locking body and wherein the locking body by the submerged striker is spread elastically up to the valve seat. The check valve has a moving only in the radial direction element and is thus decoupled from the forces acting on the working axis during chiseling.

Eine Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass das Sperrventil einen elastischen Ring aufweist, der durch eine umfänglich umlaufende Kerbe in den Ventilsitz und den Sperrkörper unterteilt ist. Ein längs der Arbeitsachse verlaufender Durchstich ist in dem Sperrkörper vorgesehen. Das Sperrventil ist ein monolithischer Körper mit einem durchströmbaren Labyrinth, das durch elastisches Verformen des Körpers, insbesondere der Nut, verschlossen werden kann. Das Sperrventil benötigt kein zusätzliches Federelement, wodurch der Anteil beweglicher Elemente des Sperrventils gering gehalten werden kann. Insbesondere kann der Sperrkörper sich aus eigener elastischer Kraft das Sperrventil öffnen.An embodiment provides that the check valve has an elastic ring which is divided by a circumferential circumferential notch in the valve seat and the lock body. A puncture running along the working axis is provided in the blocking body. The check valve is a monolithic body with a flow-through labyrinth, which can be closed by elastic deformation of the body, in particular the groove. The check valve does not require an additional spring element, whereby the proportion of movable elements of the check valve can be kept low. In particular, the blocking body can open its own elastic force the check valve.

Erfindungsgemäß weist die pneumatische Kammer eine Drosselöffnung zum Austauschen von Luft zwischen der pneumatischen Kammer und der Umgebung der Handwerkzeugmaschine auf. Die Drosselöffnung kann an einem schlägerseitigen Umkehrpunkt des Erregers angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist ein Verhältnis der Querschnittsfläche der Drosselöffnung zu der Querschnittsfläche der Kanalöffnung geringer als eins zu zwölf. Über die Drosselöffnung kann gezielt das Abströmen der erhöhten Luftmenge eingestellt werden. Die Drosselöffnung ist sehr klein, wodurch das Abströmen vorzugsweise bis zu einer Sekunde dauert.According to the invention, the pneumatic chamber has a throttle opening for exchanging air between the pneumatic chamber and the surroundings of the portable power tool. The throttle opening may be arranged at a hammer-side reversal point of the exciter. Preferably, a ratio of Cross-sectional area of the throttle opening to the cross-sectional area of the channel opening less than one to twelve. About the throttle opening can be adjusted specifically the outflow of the increased amount of air. The throttle opening is very small, whereby the outflow preferably takes up to one second.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung erläutert die Erfindung anhand von exemplarischen Ausführungsformen und Figuren. In den Figuren zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Bohrhammer
Fig. 2
ein Schlagwerk in einer meißelnder Phase
Fig. 3
das Schlagwerk in einer Ruhephase
Fig. 4
das Schlagwerk in einer Startphase
Fig. 5
ein Sperrventil des Schlagwerks
Fig. 6
ein Rückschlagventil des Schlagwerks
Fig. 7
ein Schlagwerk in einer Startphase
Fig. 8
ein Sperrventil des Schlagwerks in geschlossener Stellung
Fig. 9
das Sperrventil in geöffneter Stellung
The following description explains the invention with reference to exemplary embodiments and figures. In the figures show:
Fig. 1
a hammer drill
Fig. 2
a striking mechanism in a chiseling phase
Fig. 3
the percussion in a resting phase
Fig. 4
the Schlagwerk in a starting phase
Fig. 5
a check valve of the percussion mechanism
Fig. 6
a check valve of the impact mechanism
Fig. 7
a striking mechanism in a starting phase
Fig. 8
a check valve of the hammer mechanism in the closed position
Fig. 9
the check valve in the open position

Gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente werden durch gleiche Bezugszeichen in den Figuren indiziert, soweit nicht anders angegeben.Identical or functionally identical elements are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figures, unless stated otherwise.

AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMEN DER ERFINDUNGEMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Bohrhammer 1 als Beispiel für eine schlagende handgehaltene Werkzeugmaschine. Der Bohrhammer 1 hat einen Werkzeughalter 2, in welchen koaxial zu einer Arbeitsachse 3 ein Bohrer, Meißel oder anderes schlagendes Werkzeug 4 eingesetzt und verriegelt werden kann. Der Bohrhammer 1 hat ein pneumatisches Schlagwerk 5, welches periodisch Schläge in einer Schlagrichtung 6 auf das Werkzeug 4 ausüben kann. Fig. 1 shows a hammer drill 1 as an example of a beating hand-held machine tool. The hammer drill 1 has a tool holder 2 in which coaxial with a working axis 3, a drill, chisel or other beating tool 4 can be used and locked. The hammer drill 1 has a pneumatic impact mechanism 5, which can exert periodic punches in a direction of impact 6 on the tool 4 .

Ein Drehantrieb 7 kann den Werkzeughalter 2 kontinuierlich um die Arbeitsachse 3 drehen. Das pneumatische Schlagwerk 5 und der Drehantrieb sind von einem Elektromotor 8 angetrieben, welcher aus einer Batterie 9 oder einer Netzleitung mit elektrischem Strom gespeist wird.A rotary drive 7 can rotate the tool holder 2 continuously about the working axis 3 . The pneumatic hammer 5 and the rotary drive are driven by an electric motor 8 , which is fed from a battery 9 or a power line with electric current.

Das Schlagwerk 5 und der Drehantrieb 7 sind in einem Maschinengehäuse 10 angeordnet. Ein Handgriff 11 ist typischerweise an einer dem Werkzeughalter 2 abgewandten Seite des Maschinengehäuses 10 angeordnet. Der Anwender kann den Bohrhammer 1 mittels des Handgriffs 11 im Betrieb halten und führen. Ein zusätzlicher Hilfsgriff kann nahe dem Werkzeughalter 2 befestigt werden. An oder in der Nähe des Handgriffs 11 ist ein Betriebstaster 12 angeordnet, welchen der Anwender vorzugsweise mit der haltenden Hand betätigen kann. Der Elektromotor 8 wird durch Betätigen des Betriebstasters 12 eingeschaltet. Typischerweise dreht sich der Elektromotor 8 solange, wie der Betriebstaster 12 gedrückt gehalten ist.The striking mechanism 5 and the rotary drive 7 are arranged in a machine housing 10 . A handle 11 is typically arranged on a side facing away from the tool holder 2 of the machine housing 10 . The user can hold the hammer drill 1 by means of the handle 11 in operation and lead. An additional auxiliary handle can be attached near the tool holder 2 . At or in the vicinity of the handle 11 , an operating button 12 is arranged, which the user can operate preferably with the holding hand. The electric motor 8 is turned on by operating the operating button 12 . Typically, the electric motor 8 rotates as long as the operation button 12 is kept depressed.

Das Werkzeug 4 ist in dem Werkzeughalter 2 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 beweglich. Beispielsweise hat das Werkzeug 4 eine längliche Nut, in welche eine Kugel oder ein anderer Sperrkörper des Werkzeughalters 2 eingreift. Der Anwender hält das Werkzeug 4 in einer Arbeitsstellung, indem der Anwender das Werkzeug 4 mittelbar durch den Bohrhammer 1 an einen Untergrund anpresst (Fig. 2). Das Anpressen ist mit einer meißelnden Phase assoziiert. Das Werkzeug 4 wird durch den Schlag des Schlagwerks 5 in die Schlagrichtung 6 aus der Arbeitsstellung verschoben. Das Werkzeug 4 kann in der vorgerückten Stellung liegen bleiben, wenn der Anwender den Bohrhammer 1 nicht weiter anpresst (Fig. 3). Das fehlende Anpressen ist mit einer Ruhephase assoziiert und führt zu einem selbsttätigen Abschalten des Schlagwerks 5. Der Anwender kann das Schlagwerk 5 durch erneutes Anpressen starten, d.h. aus der Ruhephase in die meißelnde Phase überführen (Startphase; Fig. 4).The tool 4 is movable in the tool holder 2 along the working axis 3 . For example, the tool 4 has an elongated groove into which a ball or other locking body of the tool holder 2 engages. The user holds the tool 4 in a working position in that the user presses the tool 4 indirectly through the hammer drill 1 to a substrate ( Fig. 2 ). The pressing is associated with a chiseling phase. The tool 4 is moved by the impact of the striking mechanism 5 in the direction of impact 6 from the working position. The tool 4 can remain in the advanced position if the user does not continue to press the hammer drill 1 ( Fig. 3 ). The lack of pressing is associated with a rest phase and leads to an automatic shutdown of the striking mechanism 5. The user can start the striking mechanism 5 by re-pressing, ie transfer from the resting phase in the chiseling phase (start phase; Fig. 4 ).

Das pneumatische Schlagwerk 5 hat längs der Schlagrichtung 6 einen Erreger 13, einen Schläger 14 und einen Döpper 15. Der Erreger 13 wird mittels des Elektromotors 8 zu einer periodischen Bewegung längs der Arbeitsachse 3 gezwungen. Der Schläger 14 koppelt über eine Luftfeder an die Bewegung des Erregers 13 an. Die Luftfeder ist durch eine zwischen dem Erreger 13 und dem Schläger 14 abgeschlossene pneumatische Kammer 16 gebildet. Der Schläger 14 bewegt sich in die Schlagrichtung 6 bis der Schläger 14 auf den Döpper 15 aufschlägt. Der Döpper 15 liegt in der Schlagrichtung 6 an dem Werkzeug 4 an und überträgt den Schlag auf das Werkzeug 4. The pneumatic percussion 5 has along the direction of impact 6 a pathogen 13, a bat 14 and an anvil 15. The exciter 13 is forced by means of the electric motor 8 to a periodic movement along the working axis 3 . The bat 14 is coupled via an air spring to the movement of the exciter 13 . The air spring is formed by a closed between the exciter 13 and the bat 14 pneumatic chamber 16 . The bat 14 moves in the direction of impact 6 until the bat 14 strikes the striker 15 . The striker 15 abuts the tool 4 in the direction of impact 6 and transmits the impact to the tool 4.

Das beispielhafte Schlagwerk 5 hat einen kolbenförmigen Erreger 13 und einen kolbenförmigen Schläger 14, die durch ein Führungsrohr 17 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 geführt sind. Der Erreger 13 und der Schläger 14 liegen mit ihren Mantelflächen an der Innenfläche des Führungsrohrs 17 an. Die pneumatische Kammer 16 ist durch den Erreger 13 und den Schläger 14 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 und durch das Führungsrohr 17 in radialer Richtung abgeschlossen. Dichtungsringe in den Mantelflächen von Erreger 13 und Schläger 14 können den luftdichten Abschluss der pneumatischen Kammer 16 verbessern.The exemplary impact mechanism 5 has a piston-shaped exciter 13 and a piston-shaped racket 14 , which are guided by a guide tube 17 along the working axis 3 . The exciter 13 and the bat 14 abut with their lateral surfaces on the inner surface of the guide tube 17 . The pneumatic chamber 16 is closed by the exciter 13 and the bat 14 along the working axis 3 and by the guide tube 17 in the radial direction. Sealing rings in the outer surfaces of exciter 13 and bat 14 can improve the airtight completion of the pneumatic chamber 16 .

Der Erreger 13 ist über eine Getriebekomponente mit dem Elektromotor 8 verbunden. Die Getriebekomponente überträgt die Drehbewegung des Elektromotors 8 in eine periodische Translationsbewegung längs der Arbeitsachse 3. Eine beispielhafte Getriebekomponente basiert auf einem Exzenterrad 18, das mit dem Elektromotor 8 verbunden ist. Ein Pleuel 19 verbindet einen Zapfen 20 des Exzenterrads 18 mit einem Zapfen in dem Erreger 13. Der Erreger 13 bewegt sich synchron zu dem Elektromotor 8. Der Elektromotor 8 dreht sich typischerweise ansprechend auf ein Betätigen des Betriebstasters 12 und dreht sich solange, wie der Anwender den Betriebstasters 12 betätigt hält. Die periodische Vor- und Rückbewegung des Erregers 13 beginnt und endet ebenfalls mit dem Betätigen bzw. Lösen des Betriebstasters 12. Ein weiteres Beispiel für eine solche Getriebekomponente ist ein Taumelantrieb.The exciter 13 is connected via a gear component with the electric motor 8 . The transmission component transmits the rotational movement of the electric motor 8 in a periodic translational movement along the working axis . 3 An exemplary transmission component is based on an eccentric wheel 18 which is connected to the electric motor 8 . A connecting rod 19 connects a pin 20 of the eccentric 18 with a pin in the exciter 13th The exciter 13 moves synchronously with the electric motor 8 . The electric motor 8 typically rotates in response to actuation of the operating button 12 and rotates as long as the user holds the operating button 12 pressed. The periodic forward and backward movement of the exciter 13 also begins and ends with the actuation or release of the operating button 12. Another example of such a transmission component is a wobble drive.

Der Schläger 14 ist über die Luftfeder an den Erreger 13 angekoppelt. Die Luftfeder basiert auf einem Druckunterschied zwischen dem Druck in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 und dem Druck in der Umgebung. Der zwangsbewegte Erreger 13 erhöht bzw. verringert den Druck in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 mittels seiner periodischen axialen Bewegung. Der Schläger 14 wird durch den Druckunterschied in bzw. entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 beschleunigt. Fig. 2 zeigt in einer geteilten Darstellung des Erregers 13 und Schlägers 14 deren Stellung im Kompressionspunkt (obere Bildhälfte) und im Schlagpunkt (untere Bildhälfte). Im Kompressionspunkt ist die pneumatische Kammer 16 maximal komprimiert, der Druckunterschied daher am größten. Der Schläger 14 hat den geringsten Abstand zu dem Erreger 13. Der Kompressionspunkt fällt näherungsweise mit dem Umkehrpunkt der oszillatorischen Bewegung des Schlägers 14 zusammen. Im Schlagpunkt schlägt der Schläger 14 auf den Döpper 15 auf, wenn dabei das Werkzeug 4 in der Arbeitsstellung ist. Der Schläger 14 induziert eine Stoßwelle in dem Döpper 15, welche diesen durchläuft und in das an dem Döpper 15 anliegende Werkzeug 4 übertragen wird.The racket 14 is coupled via the air spring to the exciter 13 . The air spring is based on a pressure difference between the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 and the pressure in the environment. The forced-motion exciter 13 increases or decreases the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 by means of its periodic axial movement. The racket 14 is accelerated by the pressure difference in or against the direction of impact 6 . Fig. 2 shows in a split representation of the exciter 13 and racket 14 whose position in the compression point (upper half) and in the impact point (lower half). At the compression point, the pneumatic chamber 16 is maximally compressed, the pressure difference is therefore greatest. The racket 14 has the smallest distance to the exciter 13th The compression point coincides approximately with the reversal point of the oscillatory motion of the racquet 14 . In the point of impact of the bat 14 strikes the striker 15 , while the tool 4 is in the working position. The bat 14 induces a shock wave in the striker 15 , which passes through this and is transmitted to the voltage applied to the striker 15 tool 4 .

Der Döpper 15 ist in einem Schlagrohr 21 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 beweglich geführt. Das Schlagrohr 21 kann durch das den Erreger 13 und Schläger 14 führende Führungsrohr 17 oder ein separates Rohr gebildet sein. Der Döpper 15 ist in dem Schlagrohr 21 zwischen einer Arbeitsstellung (Fig. 2), Ruhestellungen (Fig. 3) und einer Startstellung (Fig. 4) beweglich. Der Döpper 15 liegt in der Arbeitsstellung entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 an dem Anschlag 22 an. Der Anwender drückt in der meißelnden Phase den Bohrhammer 1 mit dem Schlagwerk 5 in die Schlagrichtung 6 gegen das Werkzeug 4, bis der Anschlag 22 an dem Döpper 15 aufliegt. Die Arbeitsstellung des Werkzeugs 4 zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Döpper 15 in seiner Arbeitsstellung liegt und das Werkzeug 4 an dem Döpper 15 anliegt. Die von dem Schläger 14 induzierte Stoßwelle kann von dem Döpper 15 auf das Werkzeug 4 übergehen.The striker 15 is movably guided in a percussion tube 21 along the working axis 3 . The impact tube 21 can by the exciter 13 and racket 14 leading guide tube 17th or a separate tube may be formed. The striker 15 is in the impact tube 21 between a working position ( Fig. 2 ), Rest positions ( Fig. 3 ) and a starting position ( Fig. 4 ) movable. The striker 15 is in the working position against the direction of impact 6 on the stop 22 . The user presses in the chiseling phase the hammer drill 1 with the percussion mechanism 5 in the direction of impact 6 against the tool 4 until the stop 22 rests against the striker 15 . The working position of the tool 4 is characterized in that the striker 15 is in its working position and the tool 4 rests against the striker 15 . The shock wave induced by the racket 14 can pass from the striker 15 to the tool 4 .

Der Anwender hebt in einer Ruhephase den Bohrhammer 1 vom Untergrund ab. Das Werkzeug 4 und der Döpper 15 können aufgrund eines Schlags oder der Schwerkraft die Arbeitsstellung in Schlagrichtung 6 in die Ruhestellung verlassen (Fig. 3). Das Schlagwerk 5 wird vorzugsweise deaktiviert, wenn der Döpper 15 in der Ruhestellung ist. Das Schlagwerk 5 kann genau eine definierte Ruhestellung aufweisen, beispielsweise wenn der Döpper 15 in Schlagrichtung 6 an einem Anschlag 23 anliegt. Das beispielhafte Schlagwerk 5 hat mehrere Ruhestellung, die alle innerhalb einem zusammenhängenden, an den Anschlag 23 angrenzenden Bereich sind.The user lifts the hammer drill 1 from the ground in a resting phase. The tool 4 and the striker 15 can leave the working position in the direction of impact 6 in the rest position due to a shock or gravity ( Fig. 3 ). The impact mechanism 5 is preferably deactivated when the striker 15 is in the rest position. The striking mechanism 5 can have exactly one defined rest position, for example when the striker 15 abuts a stop 23 in the direction of impact 6 . The exemplary striking mechanism 5 has a plurality of rest position, all within a contiguous, adjacent to the stop 23 area.

Das Schlagwerk 5 kann durch Reduzieren der Drehzahl des Elektromotors 8 deaktiviert werden. Das Schlagwerk 5 ist für eine optimale Schlagzahl, d.h. Schläge pro Sekunde, ausgelegt, bei welcher sich eine synchrone Bewegung des Schlägers 14 und des Erregers 13 einstellt. Die optimale Schlagzahl ist unter anderem durch die Masse des Schlägers 14, die Stirnfläche des Schlägers 14 und die Wegstrecke von dem Kompressionspunkt zu dem Schlagpunkt vorgeben. Falls sich die Periodizität des zwangsbewegten Erregers 13 signifikant von der optimalen Schlagzahl unterscheidet, kann der Schläger 14 der Anregung durch den Erreger 13 nicht mehr folgen und bleibt stehen. Die Drehzahl kann dazu beispielsweise um 20 % oder mehr gegenüber der Drehzahl für die optimale Schlagzahl abgesenkt werden. Ein Sensor kann beispielsweise Beschleunigungen des Maschinengehäuses 10, Schlaggeräusche oder eine Stellung des Schlägers 14 oder des Döppers 15 erfassen, um die Ruhestellung zu erkennen. Die Drehzahl wird ansprechend auf den Sensor verringert.The striking mechanism 5 can be deactivated by reducing the rotational speed of the electric motor 8 . The striking mechanism 5 is designed for an optimal number of beats, ie beats per second, at which a synchronous movement of the beater 14 and the exciter 13 occurs. The optimum number of strokes is determined inter alia by the mass of the racket 14 , the end face of the racket 14 and the distance from the compression point to the impact point. If the periodicity of the forced-motion exciter 13 is significantly different from the optimal stroke rate, the bat 14 can no longer follow the excitation by the exciter 13 and stops. The speed can be lowered, for example, by 20% or more compared to the speed for the optimum number of strokes. For example, a sensor may detect accelerations of the machine housing 10 , impact sounds, or a position of the striker 14 or the striker 15 to detect the rest position. The speed is reduced in response to the sensor.

Das Schlagwerk 5 kann durch ein Entkoppeln des Schlägers 14 von dem Erreger 13 deaktiviert werden. Die pneumatische Kammer 16 wird belüftet, um einen Druckausgleich zwischen der pneumatischen Kammer 16 und der Umgebung zu erwirken. Der Luftaustausch unterbindet, dass der sich bewegende Erreger 13 einen ausreichenden Druckunterschied zum Bewegen des Schlägers 14 aufbauen kann. Das Belüften erfolgt durch eine oder vorzugsweise mehrere radiale Belüftungsöffnungen 24 der pneumatischen Kammer 16, welche den Hohlraum der pneumatischen Kammer 16 mit der Umgebung verbindet. Die radialen Belüftungsöffnungen 24 sind beispielsweise Bohrungen oder gestanzte Löcher in dem Führungsrohr 17. Die Umgebung ist typischerweise das Innere des Maschinengehäuses 10, welches selbst wiederum durch Öffnungen mit einer Umgebung außerhalb des Maschinengehäuse 10 in dauerndem Luftaustausch stehen kann. Das Volumen der Umgebung ist so groß, dass die von dem Erreger 13 bewegte Luftmenge keine nennenswerte Druckschwankung verursacht. Beispielsweise ist das Volumen der Umgebung wenigstens zehnmal so groß, wie das maximale Volumen der pneumatischen Kammer 16.The striking mechanism 5 can be deactivated by decoupling the racket 14 from the exciter 13 . The pneumatic chamber 16 is vented to provide pressure equalization between the pneumatic chamber 16 and the environment. The air exchange prevents the moving exciter 13 from getting sufficient Pressure difference for moving the racquet 14 can build. The venting is effected by one or preferably a plurality of radial ventilation openings 24 of the pneumatic chamber 16 , which connects the cavity of the pneumatic chamber 16 with the environment. The radial vents 24 are, for example, holes or punched holes in the guide tube 17. The environment is typically the interior of the machine housing 10 , which in turn may be in continuous air exchange through openings with an environment outside the machine housing 10 . The volume of the environment is so great that the amount of air moved by the exciter 13 causes no appreciable pressure fluctuation. For example, the volume of the environment is at least ten times as large as the maximum volume of the pneumatic chamber 16 .

Die radialen Belüftungsöffnungen 24 können durch ein Schieberventil 25 verschlossen und geöffnet werden. Das Schieberventil 25 setzt sich aus den radialen Belüftungsöffnungen 24 und dem Schläger 14 zusammen. Das Schieberventil 25 ist gegenüber der pneumatischen Kammer 16 geschlossen, wenn die Mantelfläche des Schlägers 14 die Belüftungsöffnungen 24 abdeckt oder der Schläger 14 in Schlagrichtung 6 vor den Belüftungsöffnungen 24 liegt (Fig. 2). Das Schieberventil 25 ist gegenüber der pneumatischen Kammer 16 geöffnet, wenn der Schläger 14 in Schlagrichtung 6 hinter den Belüftungsöffnungen 24 liegt (Fig. 3). Die pneumatische Kammer 16 reicht dann längs der Arbeitsachse 3 bis zu den Belüftungsöffnungen 24. Die Stellung des Schlägers 14, in welchem das Schieberventil 25 von geöffnet auf geschlossen und vice versa wechselt, wird nachfolgend als Schaltpunkt des Schieberventils 25 bezeichnet (Fig. 4, untere Bildhälfte).The radial ventilation openings 24 can be closed and opened by a slide valve 25 . The slide valve 25 is composed of the radial ventilation openings 24 and the bat 14 together. The slide valve 25 is closed relative to the pneumatic chamber 16 when the lateral surface of the racket 14 covers the ventilation openings 24 or the racket 14 lies in the direction of impact 6 in front of the ventilation openings 24 ( Fig. 2 ). The slide valve 25 is opened relative to the pneumatic chamber 16 when the racket 14 lies in the direction of impact 6 behind the ventilation openings 24 ( Fig. 3 ). The pneumatic chamber 16 then extends along the working axis 3 to the ventilation openings 24 . The position of the racket 14 , in which the slide valve 25 changes from open to closed and vice versa, is hereinafter referred to as the switching point of the slide valve 25 ( Fig. 4 , lower half of the picture).

Das Schieberventil 25, d.h. die Belüftungsöffnungen 24, ist längs der Arbeitsachse 3 so angeordnet, dass das Schieberventil 25 während der meißelnden Phase (Fig. 2), ergo in der Arbeitsstellung, durchgehend verschlossen ist und nur während der Ruhephase (Fig. 3), ergo in der Ruhestellung, geöffnet sein kann. Die Belüftungsöffnungen 24 sind längs der Arbeitsachse 3 in Schlagrichtung 6 hinter dem Schlagpunkt angeordnet. Der Schläger 14 befindet sich in Schlagrichtung 6 betrachtet im Schlagpunkt vor dem Schaltpunkt. Der Schläger 14 verdeckt während seiner Bewegung zwischen dem Kompressionspunkt und dem Schlagpunkt durchgehend die Belüftungsöffnung 24 gegenüber der pneumatischen Kammer 16. In der Ruhephase kann der Schläger 14 in Schlagrichtung 6 über den Schlagpunkt hinausgleiten, wenn der Döpper 15 in Schlagrichtung 6 ausreichend gegenüber der Arbeitsstellung verschoben ist. Der Schläger 14 deckt die Belüftungsöffnung 24 nicht mehr ab, d.h. die pneumatische Kammer 16 überlappt mit der Belüftungsöffnung 24. Ein Querschnitt der Belüftungsöffnungen ist derart gewählt, dass ein Luftstrom zwischen der pneumatischen Kammer 16 und der Umgebung die Änderungsrate des Volumens der pneumatischen Kammer 16 aufgrund des bewegten Erregers 13 ausgleicht. Der Druck in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 unterscheidet sich nur wenig von der Umgebung, weshalb keine nennenswerte Kraft auf den Schläger 14 ausgeübt wird. Das Schlagwerk 5 ist deaktiviert trotz des sich weiterhin bewegenden Erregers 13. Eine aufsummierte Querschnittsfläche der Belüftungsöffnungen 24 liegt im Bereich zwischen 2 % und 6 % der Querschnittsfläche des pneumatischen Kammer 16, d.h. der Stirnfläche des Erregers 13.The slide valve 25 , ie the ventilation openings 24 , is arranged along the working axis 3 in such a way that the slide valve 25 is moved during the chiselling phase (FIG. Fig. 2 ), ergo in the working position, is closed continuously and only during the resting phase ( Fig. 3 ), ergo at rest, may be open. The ventilation openings 24 are arranged along the working axis 3 in the direction of impact 6 behind the impact point. The bat 14 is viewed in the direction of impact 6 in the point of impact before the switching point. The bat 14 , while moving between the compression point and the impact point, continuously covers the vent opening 24 with respect to the pneumatic chamber 16 . In the resting phase of the bat 14 in the direction of impact 6 slide beyond the impact point when the striker 15 is sufficiently displaced in the direction of impact 6 relative to the working position. The racket 14 does not cover the ventilation opening 24 , ie the pneumatic chamber 16 overlaps with the ventilation opening 24 . A cross-section of the ventilation openings is chosen such that an air flow between the pneumatic chamber 16 and the environment, the rate of change of the volume of the pneumatic chamber 16 due to the moving exciter 13 balances. The pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 differs only slightly from the environment, so no significant force is exerted on the racket 14 . The striking mechanism 5 is deactivated despite the still moving exciter 13 . An accumulated cross-sectional area of the ventilation openings 24 is in the range between 2% and 6% of the cross-sectional area of the pneumatic chamber 16 , ie the end face of the exciter 13 .

Der Schläger 14 und der Döpper 15 können eine (Zwischen-) Kammer 26 längs der Arbeitsachse 3 abschließen. Das Führungsrohr 17 und das Schlagrohr 21 umschließen die Zwischenkammer 26.The racket 14 and the striker 15 can complete an (intermediate) chamber 26 along the working axis 3 . The guide tube 17 and the impact tube 21 enclose the intermediate chamber 26 .

Ein Kanal 27 verbindet die pneumatische Kammer 16 und die Zwischenkammer 26. Der Kanal 27 ermöglicht einen gesteuerten Luftaustausch zwischen der pneumatischen Kammer 16 und der Zwischenkammer 26. Der Kanal 27 ist mit einem Sperrventil 28 und einem Rückschlagventil 29 versehen. Das Sperrventil 28 und das Rückschlagventil 29 ermöglichen nur ein Einströmen von Luft in die pneumatische Kammer 16 und das Einströmen nur, wenn der Döpper 15 aus der Arbeitsstellung verschoben ist. Ansonsten sperrt wenigstens eines der beiden Ventile.A channel 27 connects the pneumatic chamber 16 and the intermediate chamber 26 . The channel 27 allows controlled air exchange between the pneumatic chamber 16 and the intermediate chamber 26 . The channel 27 is provided with a check valve 28 and a check valve 29 . The check valve 28 and the check valve 29 allow only an inflow of air into the pneumatic chamber 16 and the inflow only when the striker 15 is displaced from the working position. Otherwise locks at least one of the two valves.

Der Kanal 27 hat eine vorzugsweise mehrere in die pneumatische Kammer 16 reichende Kanalöffnungen 30. Die Kanalöffnungen 30 sind vorzugsweise radiale Öffnungen in der pneumatischen Kammer 16, z.B. eine Bohrung oder ein gestanztes Loch in dem Führungsrohr 17. Die (erste) Kanalöffnung 30 liegt vorzugsweise an oder nahe dem schlägerseitigen Umkehrpunkt des Erregers 13. Die Kanalöffnung 30 wird weder von dem Erreger 13 oder für längere Zeit von dem Schläger 14 abgedeckt. Alternativ kann die Kanalöffnung 30 an einer anderen Stelle längs des Führungsrohrs 17 angeordnet werden, solange die pneumatische Kammer 16 in der meißelnden Phase wenigstens zeitweise mit der Kanalöffnung 30 überlappt. Die andere (zweite) Kanalöffnung 31 reicht beispielsweise in die Zwischenkammer 26. Der Kanal 27 bzw. die Kanalöffnungen 30 haben eine durchströmbare Querschnittsfläche von 0,5 % bis 4 % der Querschnittsfläche der pneumatischen Kammer 16, d.h. der Stirnfläche des Erregers 13.The channel 27 has a preferably a plurality of in the pneumatic chamber 16 reaching channel openings 30th The channel openings 30 are preferably radial openings in the pneumatic chamber 16 , eg a bore or a punched hole in the guide tube 17 . The (first) channel opening 30 is preferably at or near the beater-side reversal point of the exciter 13 . The channel opening 30 is not covered by the exciter 13 or for a long time by the racket 14 . Alternatively, the channel opening 30 may be located at a different location along the guide tube 17 as long as the pneumatic chamber 16 at least temporarily overlaps the channel opening 30 in the chiseling phase. The other (second) channel opening 31 extends, for example, into the intermediate chamber 26 . The channel 27 or the channel openings 30 have a flow-through cross-sectional area of 0.5% to 4% of the cross-sectional area of the pneumatic chamber 16 , ie the end face of the exciter 13th

Das Sperrventil 28 ist durch den Döpper 15 betätigt. Das Sperrventil 28 ist geschlossen, wenn der Döpper 15 in der Arbeitsstellung ist (Fig. 2). Das Sperrventil 28 ist geöffnet, wenn der Döpper 15 aus der Arbeitsstellung verschoben ist (Fig. 3). Die Stellung des Döppers 15, in welcher das Sperrventil 28 von geöffnet auf geschlossen und vice versa wechselt, wird nachfolgend als Schaltpunkt des Sperrventils 28 bezeichnet (Fig. 4, obere Bildhälfte). Der Döpper 15 liegt in Schlagrichtung 6 betrachtet im Schaltpunkt hinter der Arbeitsstellung.The check valve 28 is actuated by the striker 15 . The check valve 28 is closed when the striker 15 is in the working position ( Fig. 2 ). The check valve 28 is opened when the striker 15 is displaced from the working position ( Fig. 3 ). The position of the striker 15 , in which the check valve 28 changes from open to closed and vice versa is hereinafter referred to as the switching point of the check valve 28 ( Fig. 4 , upper half of the picture). The striker 15 is considered in the direction of impact 6 in the switching point behind the working position.

Der Schaltpunkt des Schieberventils 25 und der Schaltpunkt des Sperrventils 28 sind vorzugsweise aufeinander abgestimmt. Der Döpper 15 gibt durch seine Stellung vor, ob der Schläger 14 das Schieberventil 25 öffnen kann. Liegt der Döpper 15 im Schaltpunkt des Sperrventils 28, ist das Schieberventil 25 geschlossen (Fig. 4, obere Bildhälfte). Der Döpper 15 ragt im Schaltpunkt des Sperrventils 28 liegend soweit entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 vor, dass der Schläger 14 an dem Döpper 15 anliegend in Schlagrichtung 6 vor dem Schaltpunkt des Schieberventils 25 ist, d.h. die Belüftungsöffnung 24 abdeckt. Das Schlagwerk 5 hat eine Startstellung (Fig. 4, untere Bildhälfte), in welcher der Schläger 14 in dem Schaltpunkt des Schieberventils 25 liegt und der Döpper 15 den Schläger 14 berührt. Der Döpper 15 ist in der Startstellung gegenüber dem Schaltpunkt des Sperrventils 28 um eine Distanz 32 in die Schlagrichtung 6 versetzt.The switching point of the slide valve 25 and the switching point of the check valve 28 are preferably matched. The striker 15 indicates by its position, whether the racket 14 can open the slide valve 25 . If the striker 15 is in the switching point of the check valve 28 , the slide valve 25 is closed ( Fig. 4 , upper half of the picture). The striker 15 protrudes in the switching point of the check valve 28 lying as far as against the direction of impact 6 before, that the bat 14 is adjacent to the striker 15 in the direction of impact 6 before the switching point of the spool valve 25 , ie the ventilation opening 24 covers. The Schlagwerk 5 has a starting position ( Fig. 4 , lower half of the picture), in which the racket 14 is in the switching point of the slide valve 25 and the striker 15 touches the racket 14 . The striker 15 is offset in the starting position relative to the switching point of the check valve 28 by a distance 32 in the direction of impact 6 .

Das Rückschlagventil 29 ist eingangsseitig mit der Zwischenkammer 26 und ausgangsseitig mit der pneumatischen Kammer 16 verbunden. Entsprechend ermöglicht das Rückschlagventil 29 einen Luftstrom von der Zwischenkammer 26 in die pneumatische Kammer 16 und sperrt gegen einen Luftstrom von der pneumatischen Kammer 16 in die Zwischenkammer 26.The check valve 29 is connected on the input side to the intermediate chamber 26 and the output side to the pneumatic chamber 16 . Accordingly, the check valve 29 allows air flow from the intermediate chamber 26 into the pneumatic chamber 16 and blocks against air flow from the pneumatic chamber 16 into the intermediate chamber 26 .

Beim Ansetzen eines Bohrhammers 1 und des Werkzeugs 4 an einen Untergrund wird der Döpper 15 entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 aus einer Ruhestellung, in die Startstellung und schließlich in die Arbeitsstellung geschoben. In der Ruhestellung sind das Schieberventil 25 und das Sperrventil 28 geöffnet. In der Startstellung schließt das Schieberventil 25 und das Sperrventil 28 ist geöffnet. In der Arbeitsstellung ist das Schieberventil 25 geschlossen und ist das Sperrventil 28 geschlossen. Zwischen der Startstellung und das Arbeitsstellung ist das Schieberventil 25 geschlossen und das Sperrventil 28 geöffnet. Der Bereich zwischen der Startstellung und der Arbeitsstellung wird nachfolgend als Startbereich bezeichnet.When attaching a hammer drill 1 and the tool 4 to a substrate of the striker 15 is pushed against the direction of impact 6 from a rest position, in the starting position and finally in the working position. In the rest position, the slide valve 25 and the check valve 28 are opened. In the starting position, the slide valve 25 closes and the check valve 28 is open. In the working position, the slide valve 25 is closed and the check valve 28 is closed. Between the starting position and the working position, the slide valve 25 is closed and the check valve 28 is opened. The area between the starting position and the working position is referred to below as the starting area.

Die Luftmenge (Luftmasse) in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 erhöht sich, wenn der Döpper 15 in dem Startbereich ist. Die erhöhte Luftmenge führt zu einem höherem mittleren Druck in der pneumatischen Kammer 16. Die Luftmenge reduziert sich sowohl wenn der Döpper 15 in die Ruhestellung oder in die Arbeitsstellung wechselt.The amount of air (air mass) in the pneumatic chamber 16 increases when the striker 15 is in the starting area. The increased amount of air leads to a higher average pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 . The amount of air is reduced both when the striker 15 changes to the rest position or to the working position.

Das Schlagwerk 5 geht während einer Startphase kontinuierlich von der Ruhephase in die meißelnde Phase mit voller Schlagleistung über. Der Anwender spürt beim Anpressen des Bohrhammers 1, wenn sich der Druck in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 erhöht sobald der Döpper 15 den Startbereich erreicht. Der Anwender muss eine Mindestkraft aufbringen, um den Druck zu überwinden. Andernfalls verschiebt der Schläger 14 den Döpper 15 bis über die Startstellung und schaltet das Schlagwerk 5 durch das Schieberventil 25 ab.The Schlagwerk 5 goes during a start phase continuously from the rest phase in the chiseling phase with full impact performance. The user feels when pressing the Drill hammer 1 , when the pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 increases when the striker 15 reaches the start area. The user must apply a minimum force to overcome the pressure. Otherwise, the racket 14 moves the striker 15 to above the starting position and switches off the percussion mechanism 5 by the slide valve 25 .

Der Kanal 27 mit dem Sperrventil 28 und dem Rückschlagventil 29 führt zu einem Überdruck in der pneumatischen Kammer 16, wenn der Döpper 15 in dem Startbereich ist. Das Rückschlagventil 29 erlaubt nur ein Einströmen von Luft in die pneumatische Kammer 16. Der Erreger 13 saugt bei seiner Bewegung entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 durch das sich öffnende Rückschlagventil 29 Luft an. Die Luftmenge in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 erhöht sich, da keine Luft ausströmen kann. Leckagen begrenzen ein Anwachsen der Luftmenge. Der Druck in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 ist größer als in der Zwischenkammer 26, entsprechend ergibt sich eine in die Schlagrichtung 6 resultierende Kraft auf den Schläger 14 und mittelbar auf den an dem Schläger 14 anliegenden Döpper 15. Der Anwender spürt die entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 wirkende Gegenkraft auf den Erreger 13 und den Handgriff 11.The channel 27 with the check valve 28 and the check valve 29 leads to an overpressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 when the striker 15 is in the start region. The check valve 29 only allows air to flow into the pneumatic chamber 16 . The exciter 13 sucks in its movement against the direction of impact 6 through the opening check valve 29 air. The amount of air in the pneumatic chamber 16 increases because no air can escape. Leaks limit an increase in the amount of air. The pressure in the pneumatic chamber 16 is greater than in the intermediate chamber 26 , corresponding to a result in the direction of impact 6 force on the racket 14 and indirectly to the voltage applied to the bat 14 striker 15. The user feels the counter to the direction of impact 6 acting Counterforce on the exciter 13 and the handle 11 .

Wenn der Döpper 15 in der Arbeitsstellung liegt, wird das Ansaugen von Luft durch das Schließen des Sperrventils 28 beendet. Die erhöhte Luftmenge in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 fließt über eine Drosselöffnung 33 der pneumatischen Kammer 16 langsam ab. Die Drosselöffnung 33 ist vorzugsweise an oder nahe dem schlägerseitigen Umkehrpunkt des Erregers 13 angeordnet. Eine Querschnittsfläche der Drosselöffnung 33 ist sehr gering. Vorzugsweise begrenzt der Querschnitt einen Luftaustausch mit der Umgebung auf weniger als 1/10 der Luftmenge der pneumatischen Kammer 16 innerhalb einer Periode des Erregers 13. Die Querschnittsfläche der Drosselöffnung 33 liegt im Bereich von 0,05 % bis 0,20 % der Stirnfläche des Erregers 13. Die Luftmenge in der pneumatischen Kammer 16 gleicht sich innerhalb von zehn bis fünfzig Zyklen des Erregers 13 an die Umgebung an. Je nach Größe des Schlagwerks 5 vergehen dabei beispielsweise 500 Millisekunden (ms) bis 800 ms. Die vorzugsweise einzige Drosselöffnung 33 ist insbesondere deutlich kleiner als die Belüftungsöffnungen 24 und die Kanalöffnung 30. Die Querschnittsfläche der Drosselöffnung 33 ist vorzugsweise geringer als 6 % der Querschnittsfläche der Belüftungsöffnung 24 und vorzugsweise geringer als 8 % der Querschnittsfläche der Kanalöffnung 30. Beispielsweise hat der Kanal 27 vier erste Kanalöffnungen 30 mit einer Querschnittsfläche von jeweils 2 mm2 und die Querschnittsfläche der Drosselöffnung 33 ist 0,5 mm2.When the striker 15 is in the working position, the intake of air by the closing of the check valve 28 is stopped. The increased amount of air in the pneumatic chamber 16 flows slowly through a throttle opening 33 of the pneumatic chamber 16 . The throttle opening 33 is preferably arranged at or near the beater-side reversal point of the exciter 13 . A cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is very small. Preferably, the cross section limits air exchange with the environment to less than 1/10 of the air amount of the pneumatic chamber 16 within a period of the exciter 13 . The cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is in the range of 0.05% to 0.20% of the end face of the exciter 13 . The amount of air in the pneumatic chamber 16 is equalized within ten to fifty cycles of the exciter 13 to the environment. Depending on the size of the impact mechanism 5 , for example, 500 milliseconds (ms) to 800 ms pass by. The preferably single throttle opening 33 is in particular significantly smaller than the ventilation openings 24 and the channel opening 30 . The cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is preferably less than 6% of the cross-sectional area of the vent opening 24 and preferably less than 8% of the cross-sectional area of the channel opening 30 . For example, the channel 27 has four first channel openings 30 with a cross-sectional area of 2 mm 2 each, and the cross-sectional area of the throttle opening 33 is 0.5 mm 2 .

Der Schläger 14 kann nach dem Abschalten unbeabsichtigt, z.B. durch Erschütterungen, das Schieberventil 25 schließen. Sofern der Döpper 15 nicht zufällig in der Arbeitsstellung ist, bewirkt der Pumpeffekt eine mittlere Kraft in Schlagrichtung 6 auf den Schläger 14. Der Schläger 14 wird in die Ruhestellung verschoben, das Schieberventil 25 geöffnet und das Schlagwerk 5 abgeschaltet.The racket 14 may inadvertently shut down the gate valve 25 after shutdown, eg, by shock. Unless the striker 15 is accidentally in the working position, causes the pumping effect, an average force in the direction of impact 6 on the racket 14. The racket 14 is moved to the rest position, the slide valve 25 is opened and the striking mechanism 5 is turned off.

Das beispielhafte Sperrventil 28 hat einen stationären Ventilsitz 34 und einen elastischen Sperrkörper 35 in einem Ventilkanal 36 (Fig. 5). Der Ventilkanal 36 mündet in die zweite Kanalöffnung 31. Das Sperrventil 28 ist geschlossen, wenn der Sperrkörper 35 vollständig an dem Ventilsitz 34 anliegt und dadurch den Ventilkanal 36 abschnürt. Der Sperrkörper 35 ist elastisch verspannt, wenn der Sperrkörper 35 vollständig an dem Ventilsitz 34 anliegt. Das Sperrventil 28 ist selbsttätig öffnend. Ohne äußere Kraft relaxiert der Sperrkörper 35 aus der verspannten Form in eine Grundform, welche nicht oder nur teilweise an dem Ventilsitz 34 anliegt. Das Sperrventil 28 wird mittels des Döppers 15 geschaltet. Der Döpper 15 hat eine Wirkfläche 37, welche den Sperrkörper 35 betätigt. Die Wirkfläche 37 zwingt den Sperrkörper 35 gegen den Ventilsitz 34, wenn der Döpper 15 in der Arbeitsstellung ist. Liegt der Döpper 15 in Schlagrichtung 6 hinter dem Schaltpunkt, ist die Wirkfläche 37 kraftfrei oder kontaktlos zu dem Sperrkörper 35. The exemplary check valve 28 has a stationary valve seat 34 and a resilient lock body 35 in a valve passage 36 (FIGS. Fig. 5 ). The valve channel 36 opens into the second channel opening 31. The check valve 28 is closed when the blocking body 35 completely abuts against the valve seat 34 and thereby strangles the valve channel 36 . The locking body 35 is elastically braced when the locking body 35 completely rests against the valve seat 34 . The check valve 28 is self-opening. Without external force of the locking body 35 relaxes from the strained shape in a basic shape, which is not or only partially applied to the valve seat 34 . The check valve 28 is switched by means of the striker 15 . The striker 15 has an active surface 37 which actuates the blocking body 35 . The active surface 37 forces the locking body 35 against the valve seat 34 when the striker 15 is in the working position. If the striker 15 is located in the direction of impact 6 behind the switching point, the active surface 37 is force-free or non-contact with the blocking body 35.

Der beispielhafte Sperrkörper 35 ist ein elastischer Ring, z.B. aus Gummi. Der Sperrkörper 35 ist innerhalb des Schlagrohrs 21 koaxial zu der Arbeitsachse 3 angeordnet. Der beispielhafte Ventilsitz 34 weist in radialer Richtung zu der Arbeitsachse 3 und liegt mit dem Sperrkörper 35 in einer Ebene. Der Abstand des Ventilsitzes 34 zu der Arbeitsachse 3 ist etwas größer als der Außenradius des elastischen Rings. In der Grundform ist ein Spalt zwischen dem Ring und dem Ventilsitz 34. Die Wirkfläche 37 des Döppers 15 ist ein Abschnitt der zylindrischen Mantelfläche. Der Radius der Mantelfläche ist um wenigstens den Spalt größer als ein Innenradius des Rings. Die Wirkfläche 37 liegt innerhalb der Ebene, wenn der Döpper 15 in der Arbeitsstellung ist. Die Wirkfläche 37 spreizt den Ring soweit auf, dass der Ring den Ventilsitz 34 vollständig berührt. Liegt der Döpper 15 außerhalb der Arbeitsstellung, zieht sich der Ring in radialer Richtung in seine Grundform zusammen und löst sich von dem Ventilsitz 34. The exemplary locking body 35 is an elastic ring, for example made of rubber. The blocking body 35 is arranged inside the impact tube 21 coaxially with the working axis 3 . The exemplary valve seat 34 has in the radial direction to the working axis 3 and lies with the locking body 35 in a plane. The distance of the valve seat 34 to the working axis 3 is slightly larger than the outer radius of the elastic ring. In its basic form, there is a gap between the ring and the valve seat 34. The active surface 37 of the striker 15 is a section of the cylindrical lateral surface. The radius of the lateral surface is greater by at least the gap than an inner radius of the ring. The active surface 37 is within the plane when the striker 15 is in the working position. The active surface 37 spreads the ring so far that the ring completely touches the valve seat 34 . If the striker 15 is outside the working position, the ring contracts in the radial direction into its basic shape and separates from the valve seat 34.

Das Rückschlagventil 29 ist stationär an oder nahe der ersten Kanalöffnung 30 angeordnet. Der Kanalabschnitt von der ersten Kanalöffnung 30 bis zu dem Rückschlagventil 29 ist möglichst kurz. Vorzugsweise ist ein Totvolumen gebildet durch den Kanalabschnitt konstant und geringer als 5 % des mittleren Volumens der pneumatischen Kammer 16. The check valve 29 is stationarily arranged at or near the first passage opening 30 . The channel portion from the first channel opening 30 to the check valve 29 is as short as possible. Preferably, a dead volume formed by the channel portion is constant and less than 5% of the mean volume of the pneumatic chamber 16.

Das beispielhafte Rückschlagventil 29 basiert auf einem beweglichen Sperrkörper 38 und einer geneigten Führungsfläche 39 (Fig. 6). Das Rückschlagventil 29 hat eine Durchlassrichtung 40, in welcher ein Luftstrom das Rückschlagventil 29 durchströmen kann. Das Rückschlagventil 29 sperrt selbsttätig bei einem Luftstrom entgegen der Durchlassrichtung 40. Eingangsseitig, d.h. in Durchlassrichtung 40 vor dem Rückschlagventil 29, ist das Sperrventil 28 angeordnet, ausgangsseitig, d.h. in Durchlassrichtung 40 nach dem Rückschlagventil 29, ist die pneumatische Kammer 16 angeordnet. Der bewegliche Sperrkörper 35 liegt in einer Ausbuchtung 41 des Kanals 27. Die Ausbuchtung 41 hat eine Abmessung längs der Durchlassrichtung 40, die einer Bewegung des Sperrkörpers 38 längs der Durchlassrichtung 40 ermöglicht. Die geneigte Führungsfläche 39 ist eingangsseitig an der Ausbuchtung 41 vorgesehen. Die Führungsfläche 39 nähert sich entgegen der Durchlassrichtung 40 dem Kanal 27 an, wodurch der von einem entgegen der Durchlassrichtung 40 fließenden Luftstrom an die Führungsfläche 39 gedrückte Sperrkörper 35 in den Kanal 27 gedrückt wird. Der bewegliche Sperrkörper 35 kann eine Kugel oder ein das Führungsrohr 17 umspannender elastischer Ring sein.The exemplary check valve 29 is based on a movable locking body 38 and an inclined guide surface 39 (FIG. Fig. 6 ). The check valve 29 has a Passage 40, in which an air flow can flow through the check valve 29 . The check valve 29 locks automatically in an air flow against the passage direction 40. On the input side, ie in the forward direction 40 before the check valve 29, the check valve 28 is arranged on the output side, ie in the forward direction 40 after the check valve 29, the pneumatic chamber 16 is arranged. The movable blocking body 35 lies in a bulge 41 of the channel 27. The bulge 41 has a dimension along the passage direction 40, which allows a movement of the blocking body 38 along the passage 40 . The inclined guide surface 39 is provided on the input side of the bulge 41 . The guide surface 39 approaches the passage 27 counter to the passage direction 40 , as a result of which the blocking body 35 pressed against the guide surface 39 by a flow of air flowing in the opposite direction to the passage direction 40 is pressed into the passage 27 . The movable blocking body 35 may be a ball or an elastic ring spanning the guide tube 17 .

Eine Ausgestaltung des Sperrventils 42 ist in Fig. 7, Fig. 8 und Fig. 9 dargestellt. Das Sperrventil 28 ist durch den Döpper 15 betätigt. Der Döpper 15 schließt das Sperrventil 28, wenn der Döpper 15 in der Arbeitsstellung ist (Fig. 7 obere Bildhälfte; Fig. 8). Das Sperrventil 28 ist geöffnet, wenn der Döpper 15 aus der Arbeitsstellung verschoben ist (Fig. 8 untere Bildhälfte; Fig. 9).An embodiment of the check valve 42 is in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 shown. The check valve 28 is actuated by the striker 15 . The striker 15 closes the check valve 28 when the striker 15 is in the working position ( Fig. 7 upper half of the picture; Fig. 8 ). The check valve 28 is opened when the striker 15 is displaced from the working position ( Fig. 8 lower half of the picture; Fig. 9 ).

Das Sperrventil 42 hat einen Ventilsitz 43 und einen elastischen Sperrkörper 44. Der Ventilsitz 45 und der Sperrkörper 46 sind aus einem monolithischen, elastischen Ring 46 gebildet. Der Ring 46 ist koaxial zu dem Döpper 15 angeordnet. Beispielsweise ist der Ring 46 auf das Führungsrohr 17 aufgesetzt. Alternativ kann der Ring 46 innerhalb des Führungsrohrs 17 zwischen dem Schläger 14 und dem Döpper 15 angeordnet sein. Der Ring 46 ist längs der Arbeitsachse 3 zwischen dem Döpper 15 und einem Sitz 45 eingespannt. Der Döpper 15 drückt in der Arbeitsstellung liegend entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 auf den Ring 46. In der beispielhaften Ausführung übermittelt eine Betätigungsscheibe 47 die Kraft von dem Döpper 15 auf den Ring 46. Der Sitz 45 ist unbeweglich gegenüber Führungsrohr 17, wodurch die Anpresskraft des Döppers 15 den Ring 46 axial komprimieren kann. Der Sitz 45 bildet mit dem Ring 46 den Anschlag, an welchen der Döpper 15 entgegen der Schlagrichtung 6 für die Arbeitsstellung angedrückt ist.The check valve 42 has a valve seat 43 and an elastic lock body 44. The valve seat 45 and the lock body 46 are formed of a monolithic elastic ring 46 . The ring 46 is arranged coaxially with the striker 15 . For example, the ring 46 is placed on the guide tube 17 . Alternatively, the ring 46 may be disposed within the guide tube 17 between the beater 14 and the striker 15 . The ring 46 is clamped along the working axis 3 between the striker 15 and a seat 45 . The anvil 15 presses in the operating position lying against the impact direction 6 to the ring 46. In the exemplary embodiment, transmits a control ring 47, the force from the anvil 15 to the ring 46. The seat 45 is immovable relative to the guide tube 17, whereby the pressing force of the beatpiece 15 can compress the ring 46 axially. The seat 45 forms with the ring 46 the stop to which the striker 15 is pressed against the direction of impact 6 for the working position.

Der Ring 46 hat eine umlaufende Kerbe 48, welche den Ring 46 längs der Achse in den Ventilsitz 43 und den Sperrkörper 44 unterteilt. Der Sperrkörper 44 kann in der Form einer dünnen Lippe ausgestaltet sein. Der Sperrkörper 44 ist in die Kerbe 48 soweit einschwenkbar, dass der Sperrkörper 44 den Ventilsitz 43 berührt und die Kerbe 48 verschließt (Fig. 8). Der Ring 46, insbesondere der lippenförmige Sperrkörper 44 und ein den Sperrkörper 35 mit dem Ventilsitz 43 verbindender Steg 49, sind elastisch verspannt, wenn der Sperrkörper 44 an dem Ventilsitz 43 anliegt. In der unverspannten Grundform des Rings 46 ist die Kerbe 48 geöffnet, d.h. der Sperrkörper 44 ist auf Abstand zu dem Ventilsitz 43 (Fig. 9).The ring 46 has a circumferential notch 48 which divides the ring 46 along the axis into the valve seat 43 and the lock body 44 . The locking body 44 may be configured in the form of a thin lip. The blocking body 44 can be pivoted into the notch 48 far enough that the blocking body 44 touches the valve seat 43 and the notch 48 closes ( Fig. 8 ). The ring 46, in particular the lip-shaped locking body 44 and the blocking body 35 with the valve seat 43 connecting web 49 are resiliently braced when the locking body 44 abuts against the valve seat 43 . In the unstressed basic shape of the ring 46 , the notch 48 is opened, that is, the blocking body 44 is at a distance from the valve seat 43 (FIG. Fig. 9 ).

Der Ring 46 hat einen oder mehrere radiale Durchstiche 50 in dem Ventilsitz 43 und einen axialen Durchstich 51 in dem Sperrkörper 44. Die Luft kann aus der Zwischenkammer 26 durch den radialen Durchstich 50 auf die Seite mit der Kerbe 48, in die Kerbe 48 und durch den axialen Durchstich 51 aus dem Sperrventil 42 in den Kanal 27 einströmen. Wenn die Kerbe 48 zusammengedrückt ist, sprich der lippenförmige Sperrkörper 44 an dem Ventilsitz 43 anliegt, ist der Luftstrom unterbrochen. Bei dem beispielhaften Sperrventil 42 liegt der Ring 46 mit seiner radialen Innenfläche luftdicht an dem Führungsrohr 17 an, die Kerbe 48 ist an der radialen Außenseite. Der Ring 46 kann alternativ mit dem lippenförmigen Sperrkörper in Schlagrichtung 6 und dem Ventilsitz an dem Sitz anliegend angeordnet sein. Der Ring 46 ist beispielsweise aus Gummi oder einem synthetischen Kautschuk gebildet.The ring 46 has one or more radial punctures 50 in the valve seat 43 and an axial puncture 51 in the locking body 44. The air can from the intermediate chamber 26 through the radial puncture 50 on the side with the notch 48, in the notch 48 and through the axial puncture 51 from the check valve 42 flow into the channel 27 . When the notch 48 is compressed, that is, the lip-shaped locking body 44 abuts against the valve seat 43 , the air flow is interrupted. In the exemplary check valve 42 , the ring 46 lies with its radially inner surface airtight on the guide tube 17 , the notch 48 is on the radial outer side. The ring 46 may alternatively be arranged with the lip-shaped locking body in the direction of impact 6 and the valve seat against the seat. The ring 46 is formed of, for example, rubber or a synthetic rubber.

Claims (6)

  1. Percussive hand-held machine tool (1) with a tool holder (2) for supporting a percussive tool (4) on a working axis (3), an electric motor (8), a striking mechanism (5), which has an an exciter (13), a striker (14) which is coupled to the exciter (13) via a pneumatic chamber (16) arranged between the exciter (13) and the striker (14), and a ram (15) arranged in the direction of percussion (6) of the striker (14), wherein the ram (15), in the working position, rests against a stop (22) against the direction of percussion (6), of a radial opening (30) of the pneumatic chamber (16),
    characterised in that a stationary shutoff valve (28, 42), which has a valve seat (34, 43) and an elastic barrier body (35, 44), wherein the elastic barrier body (35, 44), in a relaxed state, has basic shape projecting in whole or in part from the valve seat (34, 43), and wherein the elastic barrier body (35, 44), in the working position, is forced by the ram (15) into a clamped form that rests fully against the valve (34, 43), a non-return valve (29), which is connected on the inlet side to the stationary shutoff valve (28, 42) and on the outlet side to the radial opening (30), and a throttle opening (33) of the pneumatic chamber (16) for exchanging air between the pneumatic chamber (16) and the area surrounding the handheld power tool (1).
  2. The handheld power tool (1) according to Claim 1, characterised in that the barrier body (35, 44) and/or the valve seat (34) are immovable along the working axis (3) relative to the striking mechanism (5).
  3. The handheld power tool (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the barrier body (35) has an elastic ring and in that the valve seat (34) is arranged at a radial distance from the elastic ring, wherein the barrier body (35) is arranged along the working axis (3) so that the ram (15) is immersed in the barrier body (35) in the working position and wherein
    the barrier body (35) is elastically expanded by the immersed ram (15) until it rests against the valve seat (34).
  4. The handheld power tool (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the shutoff valve (42) has an elastic ring (46) which is divided by a circumferential notch (48) into the valve seat (43) and the barrier body (44), wherein a puncture (51) running along the working axis (3) is provided in the barrier body (44).
  5. The handheld power tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the throttle opening (33) is arranged at the point of reversal of the exciter (13) on the striker side.
  6. The handheld power tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised n that the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the throttle opening (33) to the cross-sectional area of the channel opening (30) is less than a ratio of one to twelve.
EP16809714.5A 2015-12-15 2016-12-06 Percussive handheld machine tool Active EP3389932B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15200147.5A EP3181300A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Percussive handheld machine tool
PCT/EP2016/079864 WO2017102429A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2016-12-06 Striking hand-held tool

Publications (2)

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EP3389932A1 EP3389932A1 (en) 2018-10-24
EP3389932B1 true EP3389932B1 (en) 2019-09-25

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EP15200147.5A Withdrawn EP3181300A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Percussive handheld machine tool
EP16809714.5A Active EP3389932B1 (en) 2015-12-15 2016-12-06 Percussive handheld machine tool

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EP15200147.5A Withdrawn EP3181300A1 (en) 2015-12-15 2015-12-15 Percussive handheld machine tool

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US (1) US20180361552A1 (en)
EP (2) EP3181300A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2017102429A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
WO2017102429A1 (en) 2017-06-22
EP3389932A1 (en) 2018-10-24
EP3181300A1 (en) 2017-06-21
US20180361552A1 (en) 2018-12-20

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