EP3377283B1 - Osb (oriented strand board) - wood material board with improved properties and method for producing same - Google Patents
Osb (oriented strand board) - wood material board with improved properties and method for producing same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3377283B1 EP3377283B1 EP16794248.1A EP16794248A EP3377283B1 EP 3377283 B1 EP3377283 B1 EP 3377283B1 EP 16794248 A EP16794248 A EP 16794248A EP 3377283 B1 EP3377283 B1 EP 3377283B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wood
- strands
- osb
- wood strands
- torrefied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
- B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
- B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
- B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
- B27N1/003—Pretreatment of moulding material for reducing formaldehyde gas emission
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
- B27N3/12—Moulding of mats from fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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- B27K1/00—Damping wood
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B27K2200/00—Wooden materials to be treated
- B27K2200/15—Pretreated particles or fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/30—Fireproofing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/60—Improving the heat-storage capacity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/70—Hydrophobation treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/001—Heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing OSB wood-based panels according to claim 1 and OSB wood-based panels produced by the method according to claim 15.
- Coarse chipboard also called oriented strand boards (OSB) are wood-based panels that are made from long strands.
- OSB panels originally produced as waste products from the veneer and plywood industry are increasingly being used in timber and prefabricated houses, as OSB panels are light and still meet the structural requirements placed on building panels.
- OSB panels are used as building panels and as wall or roof cladding or in the floor area.
- the OSB boards are manufactured in a multi-stage process, with the chips or strands of debarked logs, preferably softwoods, being peeled off in the longitudinal direction by rotating knives. In the subsequent drying process, the natural moisture of the beaches is reduced at high temperatures.
- the moisture level of the strands can vary depending on the adhesive used, whereby the moisture should be well below 10% in order to avoid splitting during later pressing. Depending on the adhesive, wetting on rather damp or dry strands may be cheaper. In addition, as little moisture as possible should be present in the beaches during the pressing process in order to largely reduce the steam pressure generated during the pressing process, since this could otherwise cause the raw board to burst.
- the strands After the strands have dried, they are introduced into a gluing device in which the glue or adhesive is applied to the chips in finely divided form.
- PMDI polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- MUPF melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde
- glues are predominantly used for gluing.
- the glues can also be mixed in the OSB boards. These glues are used because, as mentioned above, the OSB boards are often used for structural applications. Moisture-resistant or wet-resistant glues must be used there.
- the glued strands are scattered alternately lengthways and crossways to the production direction, so that the strands are arranged crosswise in at least three layers (lower cover layer - middle layer - upper cover layer).
- the scattering direction of the lower and upper cover layer is the same, but differs from the scattering direction of the middle layer.
- the beaches used in the top layer and middle layer also differ from one another.
- the strands used in the cover layers are flat and the strands used in the middle layer are less flat to chip-like.
- two strands of material are used in the production of the OSB boards: one with flat strands for the later top layers and one with "chips" for the middle layer.
- the strands in the middle layer can be of poorer quality, since the bending strength is essentially generated by the cover layers. That is why fines that are produced during machining can also be used in the middle layer of OSB panels.
- the same is continuously pressed under high pressure and high temperature of, for example 200 to 250 ° C.
- OSB panels are becoming increasingly popular and versatile due to their sustainability, for example as a construction element in house construction or as formwork in concrete construction.
- the hygroscopic properties inherent in the wood-based materials have a disadvantageous effect in some applications.
- volatile organic compounds are or are released in the course of the manufacture of wood-based panels and in particular as a result of the manufacturing process of the wooden beaches.
- the volatile organic compounds also called VOCs, include volatile organic substances that evaporate easily or are already present as a gas at lower temperatures, such as room temperature.
- the volatile organic compounds VOC are either already present in the wood material and are released from it during processing or, according to current knowledge, they are formed by the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, which in turn are decomposition products of the wood.
- Typical conversion products that Pentanal and hexanal, for example, but also octanal, octenal or 1-heptenal occur during processing.
- conifers, from which OSB boards are mainly manufactured contain large amounts of resin and fats, which lead to the formation of volatile organic terpene compounds and aldehydes.
- VOC and aldehydes, such as formaldehyde can also arise or be released when using certain adhesives for the production of the wood-based materials.
- OSB material boards The emission of ingredients in OSB material boards is particularly critical because this material is mainly used uncoated. This allows the ingredients to evaporate unhindered.
- OSB boards are often used for cladding / planking large areas, which usually results in a high room load (m 2 OSB / m 3 room air). This also leads to a concentration of certain substances in the room air.
- OSB material boards Another problem in the production of OSB material boards is the tendency of the wooden strands to swell, which can lead to a reduction in technological values such as the strength values of the OSB wood material boards.
- One approach to reducing the tendency to swell is, for example, in US 6098679 described.
- a method and a device is shown with which OSB boards are pretreated or post-treated in order to reduce the tendency to swell.
- hot steam is applied to the OSB board in a vacuum chamber.
- EP1674224A1 discloses a process for the production of wood fiber insulation mats or panels, which are subjected to a temperature of 130 to 200 ° C in the course of their manufacture in the heating furnace.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of improving the known process for the production of OSB material boards in order to produce OSB material boards easily and safely with a significantly reduced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and with improved swelling values. If possible, the manufacturing process should be changed as little as possible and the costs not increase disproportionately. Furthermore, the solution should include the greatest possible flexibility. Ultimately, ecological aspects should also be taken into account, ie the solution should not result in additional energy consumption or additional waste.
- the present method enables the production of OSB wood-based panels using torrefied wooden strands, which are introduced into a known manufacturing process in addition or as an alternative to untreated wooden strands.
- An OSB wood-based panel produced using the process according to the invention and comprising torrefected wood has a reduced emission of volatile organic compounds, in particular of terpenes, organic acids such as acetic acid and aldehydes.
- Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment process in which the material to be torrefected is heated in an oxygen-reduced or oxygen-free gas atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. Due to the lack of oxygen, the material does not burn, instead there is a loss of mass due to the decomposition of wood components, which are broken down into volatile compounds at the torrefication temperatures. These are mainly hemicelluloses and lignins. In addition, low-molecular compounds such as formic acid, terpenes, hydrocarbons, etc. are driven off. Torrefected material is hydrophobic and therefore less susceptible to ambient humidity, so the risk of rotting of torrefected material is extremely low.
- the torrification step of the wooden beaches can be provided in various ways in the present method.
- At least part of the wooden beach used for the production of the OSB material boards is dried prior to torrefection, i.e. in this case already dried or pre-dried wooden beaches e.g. with a moisture level of 5 to 15% moisture, preferably 5 to 10% moisture subjected to torrefaction.
- At least part of the wooden beach is torrefected with a moisture of 20-50% by weight, i.e. here the wooden strands are not dried beforehand, but the wooden strands are fed to the torrefication device without further pretreatment after machining.
- the present method enables torrefication of damp or dry wooden beaches.
- the torrefaction of moist wooden beaches is particularly advantageous since the drying step is saved.
- torrefied wooden strands or a mixture of torrefected wooden strands and untreated (ie non-torrefected) wooden strands are used as the middle layer and / or top layer of the OSB material board.
- the torrefected wooden strands being used only in the middle layer, only in one or both outer layers or in all layers.
- torrefied wooden strands it is possible to form only the middle layer from torrefied wooden strands and to use dried and non-torrefected wooden strands for one or both top layers. Since torrefected strands are brown in color, it can be advantageous to use torrefected strands only in the middle layer.
- only one or both cover layers are formed from torrefied wooden strands, and dried and non-torrefected wooden strands are used for the middle layer.
- the mixture can comprise between 10 and 50% by weight, preferably between 20 and 30% by weight of untreated or non-torrefected wooden beach and between 50 and 90% by weight, preferably between 70 and 80% by weight of torrefected wooden beach.
- the step of torrefying the wooden beaches can be carried out separately from the manufacturing process of the OSB wood-based panels. Accordingly, the torrefication step in this embodiment variant of the present method takes place outside the overall process or the process line.
- the wooden strands are removed from the manufacturing process and introduced into the torrefication device (e.g. torrefection reactor).
- the torrefied wooden beaches if necessary after intermediate storage, e.g. can be reintroduced into the conventional manufacturing process immediately before gluing. This enables a high degree of flexibility in the manufacturing process.
- the torrefication step of the wooden beaches can be integrated into the manufacturing process of the OSB wood-based panels, ie the torrefication step is integrated into the overall process or process line and takes place online.
- the torrefaction can take place immediately after the cutting and preparation of the wooden strands or only after the sifting and separation of the wooden strands in accordance with the use of the wooden strands for the middle or top layer.
- the wooden beaches can be torrefied separately according to the torrefication requirements for the wooden strands used in the middle and top layers.
- the wooden strands used here can have a length of between 50 to 200 mm, preferably 70 to 180 mm, particularly preferably 90 to 150 mm; a width between 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm, particularly preferably 15 to 20 mm; and have a thickness between 0.1 and 2 mm, preferably between 0, 3 and 1.5 mm, particularly preferably between 0, 4 and 1 mm.
- the wooden beaches e.g. a length between 150 and 200 mm, a width between 15 and 20 mm, a thickness between 0.5 and 1 mm and a humidity of max. 50% on.
- the torrefaction of the wooden beaches is carried out in at least one torrefection reactor, preferably in two torrefaction reactors.
- the torrefaction reactor used here can exist or function as a batch plant or as a continuously operated plant.
- the torrefaction of wood strands used for the middle layer and the top layers of the OSB wood-based panel can each be carried out separately in at least two torrefaction reactors. This enables the degree of torrefaction of the torrefected wooden beaches used in the middle and / or top layer to be adapted to the respective requirements and customer requirements.
- the two torrefaction reactors used are preferably connected or arranged in parallel.
- the wooden strands are torrefected by heating in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere under atmospheric pressure at a temperature between 150 ° C. and 300 ° C., preferably between 200 ° C. and 280 ° C., particularly preferably between 220 ° C. and 260 ° C. .
- reaction gas or gas stream can be torrefied under atmospheric pressure in the presence of an inert gas, preferably nitrogen as the reaction gas or gas stream.
- Saturated steam is used according to the invention, in which case the torrefaction process takes place at temperatures between 160 ° C. and 200 ° C. and pressures from 6 bar to 16 bar.
- the process of torrefaction is preferably ended when the weight of the wooden beaches is 10 to 30%, preferably 15 to 20%.
- the duration of the process varies depending on the amount and type of starting material used and can be between 1 and 5 h, preferably between 2 and 3 h.
- the pyrolysis gases released during the torrefaction process which are essentially released from hemicelluloses and other low molecular weight compounds, are used to generate process energy.
- the amount of gas mixture formed as gaseous fuel is sufficient to operate the process in an energy-autonomous manner.
- the torrefected wooden beaches are cooled in water with a suitable binder before gluing.
- the torrefied wooden beaches can be cooled in a water bath, which ensures complete wetting with water.
- a wetting agent which facilitates the wetting of the hydrophobic beaches can be added to the water.
- the wooden strands are brought into contact with the at least one binder in step c) preferably by spraying or spraying the binder onto the wooden strands.
- Many OSB systems work with rotating coils (drums with atomizer gluing). Mixer gluing would also be possible.
- the strands are intimately mixed with the glue in a mixer by rotating blades.
- a polymer adhesive is preferably used as the binder, which is selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, polyester adhesives.
- a phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive (PF), a cresol / resorcinol-formaldehyde resin adhesive, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (UF) and / or melamine-formaldehyde resin adhesive (MF) can be used in particular as the formaldehyde condensate adhesive.
- polyurethane adhesive is preferred, the polyurethane adhesive being based on aromatic polyisocyanates, in particular Polydiphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is present, with PMDI being particularly preferred.
- PMDI Polydiphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- the torrefected and non-torrefected wooden strands are coated with a binder amount of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 2 to 4% by weight, in particular 3% by weight (based on the total amount of wooden strands) glued.
- polymer adhesive such as a polyamide, a polyester, a silicone and / or a formaldehyde condensate adhesive, in particular a phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive (PF), a cresol / resorcinol-formaldehyde resin adhesive
- PF phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive
- MF melamine-formaldehyde resin adhesive
- polyaddition adhesive such as an epoxy resin, polycyanurate and / or a polyurethane adhesive, in particular a polyurethane adhesive based on polydiphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) can be used.
- Such hybrid adhesive systems are from the EP 2 447 332 B1 known.
- phenol-formaldehyde adhesive PF
- MUF Melamine urea formaldehyde resin adhesive
- MUPF Melamine urea phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive
- PMDI adhesives and a combination of MUF / MUPF and PMDI adhesives.
- PMDI is preferably used as the binder for the middle layer and MUF or MUPF in the cover layers. It is particularly preferred to use PMDI adhesives for all layers, i.e. for the top layers and the middle layer.
- the flame retardant can typically be added in an amount between 1 and 20% by weight, preferably between 5 and 15% by weight, particularly preferably ⁇ 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the wooden beaches.
- Typical flame retardants are selected from the group comprising phosphates, borates, in particular ammonium polyphosphate, tris (tri-bromo neopentyl) phosphate, zinc borate or boric acid complexes of polyhydric alcohols.
- the glued (torrefected and / or non-torrefected) wooden strands are sprinkled onto a conveyor belt to form a first cover layer along the direction of transport, then to form a middle layer transverse to the direction of transport and finally to form a second cover layer along the direction of transport.
- the glued wood strands are pressed at temperatures between 200 and 250 ° C, preferably 220 and 230 ° C, to form an OSB wood-based panel.
- the present method enables the production of an OSB wood-based panel with reduced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which comprises torrefied wood strands.
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- the OSB wood-based panel produced with the present method has, in particular, a reduced emission of aldehydes released during the wood digestion, in particular pentanal or hexanal, organic acids such as acetic acid and / or terpenes, in particular carene and pinene.
- aldehydes released during the wood digestion in particular pentanal or hexanal
- organic acids such as acetic acid and / or terpenes, in particular carene and pinene.
- the present OSB wood-based panel can consist entirely of torrefected wooden strands or a mixture of torrefected and non-torrefected wooden strands.
- the present OSB material board has a swelling value which is reduced compared to an OSB material board made entirely of non-torrefied wooden strands, in particular a 20% to 50%, preferably 30% to 40% e.g. by 35% reduced source value.
- the tendency of the present OSB wood-based panel to swell is between 5 and 30%, preferably between 10 and 25%, particularly preferably between 15 and 20% (after 24 hours of water storage).
- the present OSB wood-based panel can have a bulk density between 300 and 1000 kg / m 3 , preferably between 500 and 800 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably between 500 and 600 kg / m 3 .
- the thickness of the present OSB wood-based panel can be between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 40 mm, a thickness between 15 and 25 mm being preferred in particular.
- the torrefied wooden strands are used to reduce aldehydes, organic acids and / or terpenes released during the wood digestion, in particular the cutting of the woods into strands.
- the torrefied wooden beaches are preferably used in the present case to reduce the emission of organic acids, in particular to reduce the emission of acetic acid from OSB wood-based panels.
- Organic acids are obtained in particular as cleavage products of the wood constituents cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, alkanoic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid or aromatic acids preferably being formed.
- aldehydes are released during the hydrolytic processing of wood or lignocellulose.
- Specific aldehydes can be formed from the basic building blocks of cellulose or hemicellulose.
- the aldehyde furfural is formed from mono- and disaccharides of cellulose or hemicellulose, while aromatic aldehydes can be released during the partially hydrolytic exclusion of lignin.
- the torrefied wood strands are used to reduce the emission of C1-C10 aldehydes, particularly preferably formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, pentanal, hexanal or furfural in OSB wood-based panels.
- C1-C10 aldehydes particularly preferably formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, pentanal, hexanal or furfural in OSB wood-based panels.
- the torrefied wooden beaches are used to reduce the emission of terpenes.
- the torrefected wooden strands can thus be used to reduce released terpenes, in particular C10 monoterpenes and C15 sesquiterpenes, particularly preferably acyclic or cyclic monoterpenes.
- Typical acyclic terpenes are terpene hydrocarbons such as myrcene, terpene alcohols such as Gerianol, Linaool, Ipsinol and terpene aldehydes such as Citral.
- Typical representatives of the monocyclic terpenes are p-menthan, terpeninol, limonene or carvone, and typical representatives of the bicyclic terpenes are carane, pinane, bornane, 3-carene and ⁇ -pinene being particularly important.
- Terpenes are constituents of tree resins and are therefore particularly present in tree species that are very resinous, such as pine or spruce.
- the first embodiment of the method according to the invention shown describes the individual method steps starting with the provision of the wood starting product up to the finished OSB wood-based panel.
- step 1 suitable wood starting material for the production of the wooden beaches is provided. All softwoods, hardwoods or mixtures thereof are suitable as wood raw material.
- the debarking (step 2) and the cutting (step 3) of the wood raw material is carried out in suitable chippers, whereby the size of the wooden beaches can be controlled accordingly. After shredding and preparation of the wooden beaches, they may be subjected to a pre-drying process, with a moisture of 5-10% being set in relation to the initial moisture of the wood chips (not shown).
- the wooden strands are introduced into a torrefaction reactor (step 4).
- the torrefication of the wooden beaches takes place in a temperature range between 220 ° and 260 ° C.
- the pyrolysis gases or torr gases produced are used to generate the energy required for the process plant.
- the torrefied wooden beaches are watered, sighted and separated (step 5).
- step 6a There is a separation in wooden strands for use as a middle layer (step 6a) or as a top layer (step 6b) with respective gluing.
- the glued torrefected wood strands are sprinkled on a conveyor belt in the order of the first lower cover layer, middle layer and second upper cover layer (step 7) and then pressed to an OSB wood-based panel (step 8).
- the wood raw material in analogy to Figure 1 First provided (step 1), debarked (step 2) and machined (step 3).
- the wooden strands are optionally subjected to a predrying process, with a moisture of 5-10% being set in relation to the initial moisture of the wooden strands (step 3a).
- a separation in wooden beaches for use as a middle layer or as a top layer (step 5).
- step 4a the torrefication of the wooden strands intended for the middle layer
- step 4b the torrefication of the wooden strands intended for the cover layer (s)
- step 4b the torrefication of the wooden beaches takes place in a temperature range between 220 ° and 260 ° C.
- the torrefication can be set to the desired degree of torrefication for the middle and top layers.
- the pyrolysis gases or torr gases produced are used to generate the energy required for the process plant.
- the torrefied wooden beaches are glued (steps 6 a, b).
- the glued torrefected wood strands are sprinkled on a conveyor belt in the order of the first lower cover layer, middle layer and second upper cover layer (step 7) and then pressed to an OSB wood-based panel (step 8).
- the OSB wood-based panel obtained is suitably assembled in each case.
- Strands are produced from pine trunks and torrefected in a continuous torrefaction apparatus at 180 ° C until a mass loss of approx. 20%. This takes place under saturated steam. During the process, the strands change color from light yellow to light brown. The beaches are then cooled in water.
- the binder (PMDI, approx. 3% by weight) is then applied in a gluing machine (gluing drum, for example from Coil) in finely divided form to the torrefected wooden strands.
- gluing machine gluing drum, for example from Coil
- the glued torrefected stands are spread as a middle class in an OSB system.
- the top layer is formed from strands that have been dried in a tumble dryer. These were also glued with PMDI as glue (approx. 3% by weight). The beaches are not z. B. additionally hydrophobicized a paraffin emulsion so as not to interfere with the tests to be carried out subsequently by the hydrophobicizing agent. The scattered strands are pressed into OSB boards in a Contipress.
- the percentage distribution between the middle and top layers is at least 70% to 30%.
- the strands are pressed into sheets with a bulk density of approx. 570 kg / m 3 .
- test plate After a storage period of approximately one week, the test plate was tested for VOC release together with a standard plate of the same thickness in a micro-chamber.
- Chamber parameters temperature 23 ° C; Humidity 0%; Air flow 150 ml / min; Air change 188 / h; Loading 48.8 m 2 / m 3 ; Sample surface area 0.003 m 2 , chamber volume: 48 ml
- Table 1 parameter Test plate ⁇ g / m 2 xh Standard plate ⁇ g / m 2 xh Hexanal 1093 3164 3-carene 388 1962 ⁇ -pinene 322 1174 Pentanal 78 354 ⁇ -pinene 98 314
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten gemäß Anspruch 1 und mit dem Verfahren hergestellte OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten gemäß Anspruch 15.The present invention relates to a method for producing OSB wood-based panels according to
Grobspanplatten, auch OSB-Platten (oriented strand boards) genannt, sind Holzwerkstoffplatten, die aus langen Spänen (strands) hergestellt werden. Die ursprünglich als Abfallprodukte der Furnier- und Sperrholzindustrie anfallenden OSB-Platten werden jedoch zunehmend im Holz- und Fertighausbau eingesetzt, da OSB-Platten leicht sind und trotzdem die an Bauplatten gesetzten statischen Anforderungen erfüllen. So werden OSB-Platten als Bauplatten und als Wand- oder Dachbeplankung oder auch im Fußbodenbereich eingesetzt. Die Herstellung der OSB-Platten erfolgt in einem mehrstufigen Prozess, wobei zunächst die Späne oder Strands aus entrindetem Rundholz, bevorzugt Nadelhölzer, in Längsrichtung durch rotierende Messer abgeschält werden. Im sich anschließenden Trocknungsvorgang wird die natürliche Feuchtigkeit der Strands bei hohen Temperaturen reduziert. Der Feuchtigkeitsgrad der Strands kann je nach verwendeten Klebstoff variieren, wobei sich die Feuchtigkeit deutlich unter 10% bewegen sollte, um Spalter beim späteren Verpressen zu vermeiden. In Abhängigkeit vom Klebstoff kann eine Benetzung auf eher feuchten Strands oder auf trockenen Strands günstiger sein. Außerdem sollte während des Pressvorganges möglichst wenig Feuchtigkeit in den Strands vorhanden sein, um den während des Pressvorganges entstehenden Dampfdruck weitestgehend zu reduzieren, da dieser die Rohplatte ansonsten zum Platzen bringen könnte.Coarse chipboard, also called oriented strand boards (OSB), are wood-based panels that are made from long strands. However, the OSB panels originally produced as waste products from the veneer and plywood industry are increasingly being used in timber and prefabricated houses, as OSB panels are light and still meet the structural requirements placed on building panels. OSB panels are used as building panels and as wall or roof cladding or in the floor area. The OSB boards are manufactured in a multi-stage process, with the chips or strands of debarked logs, preferably softwoods, being peeled off in the longitudinal direction by rotating knives. In the subsequent drying process, the natural moisture of the beaches is reduced at high temperatures. The moisture level of the strands can vary depending on the adhesive used, whereby the moisture should be well below 10% in order to avoid splitting during later pressing. Depending on the adhesive, wetting on rather damp or dry strands may be cheaper. In addition, as little moisture as possible should be present in the beaches during the pressing process in order to largely reduce the steam pressure generated during the pressing process, since this could otherwise cause the raw board to burst.
Im Anschluss an die Trocknung der Strands werden diese in eine Beleimvorrichtung eingeführt, in welcher der Leim bzw. Klebstoff fein verteilt auf die Späne aufgebracht wird. Zur Verleimung werden überwiegend PMDI- (polymeres Diphenylmethandiisocyanat) oder MUPF-Leime (Melamin-Harnstoff-Phenol-Formaldehyd) eingesetzt. Die Leime können in den OSB-Platten auch gemischt eingesetzt werden. Diese Leime werden verwendet, da die OSB-Platten wie oben erwähnt häufig für konstruktive Anwendungen genutzt werden. Dort müssen feucht- bzw. nässebeständige Leime verwendet werden.After the strands have dried, they are introduced into a gluing device in which the glue or adhesive is applied to the chips in finely divided form. PMDI (polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate) or MUPF (melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde) glues are predominantly used for gluing. The glues can also be mixed in the OSB boards. These glues are used because, as mentioned above, the OSB boards are often used for structural applications. Moisture-resistant or wet-resistant glues must be used there.
Nach der Beleimung werden die beleimten Strands in Streuapparaturen alternierend längs und quer zur Produktionsrichtung gestreut, so dass die Strands kreuzweise in mindestens drei Schichten angeordnet sind (untere Deckschicht - Mittelschicht - obere Deckschicht). Die Streurichtung von unterer und oberer Deckschicht ist dabei gleich, weichen jedoch von der Streurichtung der Mittelschicht ab. Auch unterscheiden sich die in der Deckschicht und Mittelschicht verwendeten Strands voneinander. So sind die in den Deckschichten verwendeten Strands flächig und die in der Mittelschicht verwendeten Strands weniger flächig bis hin zu spanförmig. Üblicherweise werden bei der Herstellung der OSB-Platten zwei Materialstränge gefahren: einer mit flächigen Strands für die späteren Deckschichten und einer mit "Spänen" für die Mittelschicht. Entsprechend können die Strands in der Mittelschicht qualitativ schlechter sein, da die Biegefestigkeit im Wesentlichen durch die Deckschichten erzeugt wird. Deshalb kann auch Feingut, das beim Zerspanen entsteht, in der Mittelschicht von OSB-Platten verwendet werden.After gluing, the glued strands are scattered alternately lengthways and crossways to the production direction, so that the strands are arranged crosswise in at least three layers (lower cover layer - middle layer - upper cover layer). The scattering direction of the lower and upper cover layer is the same, but differs from the scattering direction of the middle layer. The beaches used in the top layer and middle layer also differ from one another. For example, the strands used in the cover layers are flat and the strands used in the middle layer are less flat to chip-like. Usually, two strands of material are used in the production of the OSB boards: one with flat strands for the later top layers and one with "chips" for the middle layer. Correspondingly, the strands in the middle layer can be of poorer quality, since the bending strength is essentially generated by the cover layers. That is why fines that are produced during machining can also be used in the middle layer of OSB panels.
Im Anschluss an die Streuung der Strands erfolgt ein kontinuierliches Verpressen der selbigen unter hohem Druck und hoher Temperatur von z.B. 200 bis 250°C.Following the scattering of the beaches, the same is continuously pressed under high pressure and high temperature of, for example 200 to 250 ° C.
OSB-Platten erfreuen sich nicht zuletzt auf Grund ihrer Nachhaltigkeit immer größerer Beliebtheit und vielfältiger Anwendung, beispielsweise als Konstruktionselement beim Hausbau oder als Schalung im Betonbau. Den Holzwerkstoffen innewohnende hygroskopische Eigenschaften wirken sich bei einigen Anwendungen jedoch nachteilig aus.Last but not least, OSB panels are becoming increasingly popular and versatile due to their sustainability, for example as a construction element in house construction or as formwork in concrete construction. However, the hygroscopic properties inherent in the wood-based materials have a disadvantageous effect in some applications.
Besonders bei einer Verwendung von OSB im Innenbereich wird ein Entweichen von Holzinhaltsstoffen kritisch gesehen. Dies ist insbesondere bei OSB-Platten aus Kiefernholz problematisch, da diese besonders hohe Emission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen zeigen.Escape of wood constituents is viewed critically, particularly when using OSB indoors. This is particularly problematic with OSB boards made of pine wood, since they show particularly high emissions of volatile organic compounds.
Im Verlaufe der Herstellung von Holzwerkstoffplatten und insbesondere bedingt durch den Herstellungsprozess der Holzstrands entstehen bzw. werden eine Vielzahl von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen freigesetzt. Zu den flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen, auch VOCs genannt, gehören flüchtige organische Stoffe, die leicht verdampfen bzw. bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen, wie zum Beispiel Raumtemperatur als Gas vorliegen.A large number of volatile organic compounds are or are released in the course of the manufacture of wood-based panels and in particular as a result of the manufacturing process of the wooden beaches. The volatile organic compounds, also called VOCs, include volatile organic substances that evaporate easily or are already present as a gas at lower temperatures, such as room temperature.
Die flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen VOC sind entweder bereits im Holzmaterial vorhanden und werden während der Aufarbeitung aus diesem abgegeben oder sie werden nach derzeitigem Erkenntnisstand durch den Abbau von ungesättigten Fettsäuren gebildet, die wiederum Zersetzungsprodukte des Holzes sind. Typische Umwandlungsprodukte, die während der Bearbeitung auftreten, sind zum Beispiel Pentanal und Hexanal, aber auch Octanal, Octenal oder 1-Heptenal. Insbesondere Nadelhölzer, aus denen vorwiegend OSB-Platten hergestellt werden, enthalten große Mengen an Harz und Fetten, die zur Bildung von flüchtigen organischen Terpenverbindungen und Aldehyden führen. VOC und Aldehyde, wie Formaldehyd, können jedoch auch bei der Verwendung bestimmter Klebstoffe für die Herstellung der Holzwerkstoffe entstehen bzw. freigesetzt werden.The volatile organic compounds VOC are either already present in the wood material and are released from it during processing or, according to current knowledge, they are formed by the degradation of unsaturated fatty acids, which in turn are decomposition products of the wood. Typical conversion products that Pentanal and hexanal, for example, but also octanal, octenal or 1-heptenal occur during processing. In particular, conifers, from which OSB boards are mainly manufactured, contain large amounts of resin and fats, which lead to the formation of volatile organic terpene compounds and aldehydes. However, VOC and aldehydes, such as formaldehyde, can also arise or be released when using certain adhesives for the production of the wood-based materials.
Die Emission von Inhaltsstoffen bei OSB-Werkstoffplatten ist vor allem deshalb kritisch, weil dieser Werkstoff zum überwiegenden Teil unbeschichtet verwendet wird. Dadurch können die Inhaltsstoffe ungehindert ausdünsten. Außerdem werden die OSB-Platten häufig zur Verkleidung/Beplankung von großen Flächen verwendet, woraus sich meist eine hohe Raumbeladung (m2 OSB / m3 Raumluft) ergibt. Dies führt zusätzlich zu einer Aufkonzentration bestimmter Substanzen in der Raumluft.The emission of ingredients in OSB material boards is particularly critical because this material is mainly used uncoated. This allows the ingredients to evaporate unhindered. In addition, the OSB boards are often used for cladding / planking large areas, which usually results in a high room load (m 2 OSB / m 3 room air). This also leads to a concentration of certain substances in the room air.
Um das Problem der VOC-Emission zu lösen, wurden in der Vergangenheit verschiedene Ansätze beschrieben. So geht aus der
Es ist demnach erstrebenswert, weitergehende Lösungen zu entwickeln, durch welche die Freisetzung von leichtflüchtigen organischen Verbindungen aus OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten, reduziert wird.It is therefore desirable to develop further solutions that reduce the release of volatile organic compounds from OSB wood-based panels.
Ein weiteres Problem bei der Herstellung von OSB-Werkstoffplatten besteht in der Quellneigung der Holzstrands, die zu einer Verminderung der technologischen Werte wie Festigkeitswerte der OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten führen können. Ein Ansatz zur Verringerung der Quellneigung ist z.B. in
Der Erfindung liegt nunmehr die technische Aufgabe zu Grunde, das an sich bekannte Verfahren zur Herstellung von OSB-Werkstoffplatten dahingehend zu verbessern, um einfach und sicher OSB-Werkstoffplatten mit einer deutlich verringerten Emission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOCs) sowie mit verbesserten Quellwerten herzustellen. Wenn möglich, sollte der Herstellprozess so wenig wie möglich verändert werden und die Kosten nicht unverhältnismäßig steigen. Weiterhin sollte die Lösung eine möglichst große Flexibilität beinhalten. Letztlich sollen auch ökologische Aspekte mit in Betracht gezogen werden, d. h. die Lösung sollte keine zusätzlichen Energieverbräuche hervorrufen oder zusätzliche Abfälle erzeugen.The invention is based on the technical problem of improving the known process for the production of OSB material boards in order to produce OSB material boards easily and safely with a significantly reduced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and with improved swelling values. If possible, the manufacturing process should be changed as little as possible and the costs not increase disproportionately. Furthermore, the solution should include the greatest possible flexibility. Ultimately, ecological aspects should also be taken into account, ie the solution should not result in additional energy consumption or additional waste.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und eine daraus hergestellte OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte gemäß Anspruch 15 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for producing OSB wood-based panels with the features of
Das vorliegende Verfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung von OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten unter Verwendung von torrefizierten Holzstrands, die zusätzlich oder alternativ zu unbehandelten Holzstrands in einen bekannten Herstellungsprozess eingeführt werden. Eine mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte umfassend torrefiziertes Holz weist eine verminderte Emission von flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen, insbesondere von Terpenen, organischen Säuren wie Essigsäure und Aldehyden auf.The present method enables the production of OSB wood-based panels using torrefied wooden strands, which are introduced into a known manufacturing process in addition or as an alternative to untreated wooden strands. An OSB wood-based panel produced using the process according to the invention and comprising torrefected wood has a reduced emission of volatile organic compounds, in particular of terpenes, organic acids such as acetic acid and aldehydes.
Durch die Bereitstellung des vorliegenden Verfahrens ergeben sich verschiedene Vorteile. So ist eine einfache Herstellung der OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten ohne wesentliche Beeinflussung der üblichen Prozesskette bei Verzicht auf den klassischen Trocknungsprozess bei deutlich verminderter Emission flüchtiger organischer Verbindungen aus dem OSB möglich. Die hergestellten OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten weisen zudem eine deutlich niedrigere Quellung und höhere Dimensionsstabilität auf. Auch können durch den Einsatz von torrefizierten Strands, die eine sehr niedrige Feuchte besitzen, einfacher Produkte hergestellt werden, die durch Zugabe von wässrigen Formulierungen produziert werden, wobei eine Anpassung des Wasserhaushaltes möglich ist.Various advantages result from the provision of the present method. This makes it easy to manufacture the OSB wood-based panels without significantly influencing the usual process chain, without the classic drying process, while significantly reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds from the OSB. The OSB wood-based panels produced also have significantly lower swelling and greater dimensional stability. Also, by using torrefected beaches, which have a very low humidity, are easier to manufacture products which are produced by adding aqueous formulations, it being possible to adapt the water balance.
Torrefizierung ist ein thermochemisches Behandlungsverfahren, bei welchem das zu torrefizierende Material in einer sauerstoffreduzierten oder sauerstofffreien Gasatmosphäre bei Atmosphärendruck erhitzt wird. Aufgrund des Mangels an Sauerstoff verbrennt das Material nicht, stattdessen kommt es zu einem Masseverlust aufgrund der Zersetzung von Holzbestandteilen, die bei den Torrefizierungstemperaturen zu flüchtigen Verbindungen abgebaut werden. Dies sind vor allem Hemizellulosen und Lignine. Zusätzlich werden niedermolekulare Verbindungen wie Ameisensäure, Terpene, Kohlenwasserstoffe usw. ausgetrieben. Torrefiziertes Material ist hydrophob und daher weniger anfällig gegenüber der Umgebungsfeuchte, so dass die Verrottungsgefahr von torrefiziertem Material äußerst gering ist.Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment process in which the material to be torrefected is heated in an oxygen-reduced or oxygen-free gas atmosphere at atmospheric pressure. Due to the lack of oxygen, the material does not burn, instead there is a loss of mass due to the decomposition of wood components, which are broken down into volatile compounds at the torrefication temperatures. These are mainly hemicelluloses and lignins. In addition, low-molecular compounds such as formic acid, terpenes, hydrocarbons, etc. are driven off. Torrefected material is hydrophobic and therefore less susceptible to ambient humidity, so the risk of rotting of torrefected material is extremely low.
Der Torrifizierungsschritt der Holzstrands kann in dem vorliegenden Verfahren in verschiedener Weise vorgesehen sein.The torrification step of the wooden beaches can be provided in various ways in the present method.
In einer Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens wird zumindest ein Teil der für die Herstellung der OSB-Werkstoffplatten verwendeten Holzstrands vor dem Torrefizieren getrocknet, d.h. es werden in diesem Falle bereits getrocknete bzw. vorgetrocknete Holzstrands z.B. mit einem Feuchtigkeitsgrad von 5 bis 15% Feuchte, bevorzugt 5 bis 10% Feuchte der Torrefizierung unterworfen.In one embodiment of the present method, at least part of the wooden beach used for the production of the OSB material boards is dried prior to torrefection, i.e. in this case already dried or pre-dried wooden beaches e.g. with a moisture level of 5 to 15% moisture, preferably 5 to 10% moisture subjected to torrefaction.
In einer weiteren zweiten Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens wird zumindest ein Teil der Holzstrands mit einer Feuchte von 20-50 Gew% torrefiziert, d.h. hier erfolgt keine vorherige Trocknung der Holzstrands, sondern die Holzstrands werden ohne weitere Vorbehandlung nach dem Zerspanen der Torrefizierungsvorrichtung zugeführt.In a further second embodiment of the present method, at least part of the wooden beach is torrefected with a moisture of 20-50% by weight, i.e. here the wooden strands are not dried beforehand, but the wooden strands are fed to the torrefication device without further pretreatment after machining.
Entsprechend ermöglicht das vorliegende Verfahren die Torrefizierung von feuchten oder trockenen Holzstrands. Insbesondere die Torrefizierung von feuchten Holzstrands ist vorteilhaft, da der Trocknungsschritt eingespart wird.Accordingly, the present method enables torrefication of damp or dry wooden beaches. The torrefaction of moist wooden beaches is particularly advantageous since the drying step is saved.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens werden torrefizierte Holzstrands oder eine Mischung aus torrefizierten Holzstrands und unbehandelten (d.h. nicht-torrefizierten) Holzstrands als Mittelschicht und/oder Deckschicht der OSB-Werkstoffplatte verwendet.In a further embodiment of the present method, torrefied wooden strands or a mixture of torrefected wooden strands and untreated (ie non-torrefected) wooden strands are used as the middle layer and / or top layer of the OSB material board.
Demnach ist in einer Variante eine vollständige Substitution der Holzstrands möglich, wobei die torrefizierten Holzstrands nur in der Mittelschicht, nur in einer oder beiden Deckschichten oder auch in sämtlichen Schichten verwendet werden. In dieser Variante entfällt die Verwendung eines Trockners.Accordingly, in one variant, a complete substitution of the wooden strands is possible, the torrefected wooden strands being used only in the middle layer, only in one or both outer layers or in all layers. In this variant, there is no need to use a dryer.
In einer anderen Variante ist es möglich, lediglich die Mittelschicht aus torrefizierten Holzstrands zu bilden und für eine oder beide Deckschichten getrocknete und nichttorrefizierte Holzstrands zu verwenden. Da torrefizierte Strands eine braune Farbe haben, kann es entsprechend vorteilhaft sein, nur in der Mittelschicht torrefizierte Strands einzusetzen.In another variant, it is possible to form only the middle layer from torrefied wooden strands and to use dried and non-torrefected wooden strands for one or both top layers. Since torrefected strands are brown in color, it can be advantageous to use torrefected strands only in the middle layer.
In einer noch weiteren Variante werden lediglich eine oder beide Deckschichten aus torrefizierten Holzstrands gebildet und für die Mittelschicht werden getrocknete und nichttorrefizierte Holzstrands verwendet.In a still further variant, only one or both cover layers are formed from torrefied wooden strands, and dried and non-torrefected wooden strands are used for the middle layer.
In einer noch weiteren Variante ist es denkbar und möglich, für die Mittel- und Deckschichten jeweils ein Gemisch mit beliebigen Verhältnis von torrefizierten Holzstrands und nicht-torrefizierten Holzstrands zu verwenden. In solche einem Fall kann das Gemisch zwischen 10 und 50 Gew%, bevorzugt zwischen 20 und 30 Gew% an unbehandelten bzw. nicht-torrefizierten Holzstrands und zwischen 50 und 90 Gew%, bevorzugt zwischen 70 und 80 Gew% an torrefizierten Holzstrands umfassen.In a still further variant, it is conceivable and possible to use a mixture with any ratio of torrefected wooden beaches and non-torrefected wooden beaches for the middle and outer layers. In such a case, the mixture can comprise between 10 and 50% by weight, preferably between 20 and 30% by weight of untreated or non-torrefected wooden beach and between 50 and 90% by weight, preferably between 70 and 80% by weight of torrefected wooden beach.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante kann der Schritt des Torrefizierens der Holzstrands separat von dem Herstellungsprozess der OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten durchgeführt werden. Demnach erfolgt der Torrefizierungsschritt in dieser Ausführungsvariante des vorliegenden Verfahrens außerhalb des Gesamtprozesses bzw. der Prozesslinie. Die Holzstrands werden hierbei aus dem Herstellungsprozess ausgeschleust und in die Torrefizierungsvorrichtung (z.B. Torrefizierungsreaktor) eingeführt. Anschließend können die torrefizierten Holzstrands ggf. nach einer Zwischenlagerung z.B. unmittelbar vor der Beleimung wieder in den herkömmlichen Herstellungsprozess eingeschleust werden. Dies ermöglicht eine hohe Flexibilität im Herstellungsverfahren.In a further embodiment variant, the step of torrefying the wooden beaches can be carried out separately from the manufacturing process of the OSB wood-based panels. Accordingly, the torrefication step in this embodiment variant of the present method takes place outside the overall process or the process line. The wooden strands are removed from the manufacturing process and introduced into the torrefication device (e.g. torrefection reactor). Subsequently, the torrefied wooden beaches, if necessary after intermediate storage, e.g. can be reintroduced into the conventional manufacturing process immediately before gluing. This enables a high degree of flexibility in the manufacturing process.
Der Torrefizierungsschritt der Holzstrands kann in einer noch weiteren Ausführungsvariante in den Herstellungsprozess der OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten integriert sein, d.h. der Torrefizierungsschritt ist in den Gesamtprozess bzw. Prozesslinie eingegliedert und erfolgt online.In another embodiment, the torrefication step of the wooden beaches can be integrated into the manufacturing process of the OSB wood-based panels, ie the torrefication step is integrated into the overall process or process line and takes place online.
In diesem Falle kann die Torrefizierung unmittelbar nach der Zerspanung und Bereitstellung der Holzstrands erfolgen oder erst nach dem Sichten und Separieren der Holzstrands entsprechend der Verwendung der Holzstrands für Mittel- oder Deckschicht. Im letzteren Fall kann eine separate Torrefizierung der Holzstrands entsprechend den Torrefizierungserfordernissen für die in Mittel- und Deckschicht verwendeten Holzstrands erfolgen.In this case, the torrefaction can take place immediately after the cutting and preparation of the wooden strands or only after the sifting and separation of the wooden strands in accordance with the use of the wooden strands for the middle or top layer. In the latter case, the wooden beaches can be torrefied separately according to the torrefication requirements for the wooden strands used in the middle and top layers.
Die vorliegend verwendeten Holzstrands können eine Länge zwischen 50 bis 200 mm, bevorzugt 70 bis 180 mm, insbesondere bevorzugt 90 bis 150 mm; eine Breite zwischen 5 bis 50 mm, bevorzugt 10 bis 30 mm, insbesondere bevorzugt 15 bis 20 mm; und eine Dicke zwischen 0,1 und 2 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0, 3 und 1,5 mm, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 0, 4 und 1 mm aufweisen.The wooden strands used here can have a length of between 50 to 200 mm, preferably 70 to 180 mm, particularly preferably 90 to 150 mm; a width between 5 to 50 mm, preferably 10 to 30 mm, particularly preferably 15 to 20 mm; and have a thickness between 0.1 and 2 mm, preferably between 0, 3 and 1.5 mm, particularly preferably between 0, 4 and 1 mm.
In einer Ausführungsform weisen die Holzstrands z.B. eine Länge zwischen 150 und 200 mm, eine Breite zwischen 15 und 20 mm, eine Dicke zwischen 0,5 und 1 mm und eine Feuchte von max. 50% auf.In one embodiment, the wooden beaches e.g. a length between 150 and 200 mm, a width between 15 and 20 mm, a thickness between 0.5 and 1 mm and a humidity of max. 50% on.
In einer weitergehenden Variante des vorliegenden Verfahrens wird die Torrefizierung der Holzstrands in mindestens einem Torrefizierungsreaktor, bevorzugt in zwei Torrefizierungsreaktoren durchgeführt. Der vorliegend zum Einsatz kommende Torrefizierungsreaktor kann als Batch-Anlage oder als kontinuierlich betriebene Anlage vorliegen bzw. funktionieren.In a further variant of the present method, the torrefaction of the wooden beaches is carried out in at least one torrefection reactor, preferably in two torrefaction reactors. The torrefaction reactor used here can exist or function as a batch plant or as a continuously operated plant.
Wie bereits oben angemerkt, kann die Torrefizierung von für die Mittelschicht und die Deckschichten der OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte verwendeten Holzstrands jeweils separat in mindestens zwei Torrefizierungsreaktoren durchgeführt wird. Dies ermöglicht eine Anpassung des Torrefizierungsgrades der in der Mittel- und/oder Deckschicht verwendeten torrefizierten Holzstrands an die jeweiligen Erfordernisse und Kundenwünsche.As already noted above, the torrefaction of wood strands used for the middle layer and the top layers of the OSB wood-based panel can each be carried out separately in at least two torrefaction reactors. This enables the degree of torrefaction of the torrefected wooden beaches used in the middle and / or top layer to be adapted to the respective requirements and customer requirements.
Die zwei verwendeten Torrefizierungsreaktoren sind in diesem Fall bevorzugt parallel geschaltet bzw. angeordnet.In this case, the two torrefaction reactors used are preferably connected or arranged in parallel.
Es ist bevorzugt, wenn die Holzstrands durch Erhitzen in sauerstoffarmer oder sauerstofffreier Atmosphäre unter Atmosphärendruck bei einer Temperatur zwischen 150°C und 300°C, bevorzugt zwischen 200°C und 280°C, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 220°C und 260°C torrefiziert werden.It is preferred if the wooden strands are torrefected by heating in an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free atmosphere under atmospheric pressure at a temperature between 150 ° C. and 300 ° C., preferably between 200 ° C. and 280 ° C., particularly preferably between 220 ° C. and 260 ° C. .
Es kann unter Atmosphärendruck in Gegenwart eines Inertgases, bevorzugt Stickstoff als Reaktionsgas oder Gasstrom torrefiziert werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird Sattdampf verwendet, wobei in diesem Fall der Torrefizierungsprozess bei Temperaturen zwischen 160°C und 200°C und Drücken von 6 bar bis 16 bar abläuft.It can be torrefied under atmospheric pressure in the presence of an inert gas, preferably nitrogen as the reaction gas or gas stream. Saturated steam is used according to the invention, in which case the torrefaction process takes place at temperatures between 160 ° C. and 200 ° C. and pressures from 6 bar to 16 bar.
Der Prozess des Torrefizierens wird bevorzugt bei einem Masseverlust der Holzstrands von 10 bis 30%, bevorzugt 15 bis 20% beendet. Die Dauer des Prozesses variiert in Abhängigkeit der Menge und Art des eingesetzten Ausgangsmaterials und kann zwischen 1 und 5 h, bevorzugt zwischen 2 und 3 h betragen.The process of torrefaction is preferably ended when the weight of the wooden beaches is 10 to 30%, preferably 15 to 20%. The duration of the process varies depending on the amount and type of starting material used and can be between 1 and 5 h, preferably between 2 and 3 h.
Die während des Torrefizierungsprozesses im Wesentlichen aus Hemizellulosen und anderen niedermolekularen Verbindungen freigesetzten Pyrolysegase werden zur Erzeugung von Prozessenergie benutzt. Dabei ist die Menge an gebildeten Gasgemisch als gasförmiger Brennstoff ausreichend, um den Prozess energetisch autark zu betreiben.The pyrolysis gases released during the torrefaction process, which are essentially released from hemicelluloses and other low molecular weight compounds, are used to generate process energy. The amount of gas mixture formed as gaseous fuel is sufficient to operate the process in an energy-autonomous manner.
Es ist ebenfalls bevorzugt, wenn die torrefizierten Holzstrands vor der Beleimung mit einem geeigneten Bindemittel in Wasser abgekühlt werden. So können die torrefizierten Holzstrands in einem Wasserbad abgekühlt werden, das eine vollständige Benetzung mit Wasser sicherstellt. Dem Wasser kann ein Netzmittel, das die Benetzung der hydrophoben Strands erleichtert zugegeben werden.It is also preferred if the torrefected wooden beaches are cooled in water with a suitable binder before gluing. In this way, the torrefied wooden beaches can be cooled in a water bath, which ensures complete wetting with water. A wetting agent which facilitates the wetting of the hydrophobic beaches can be added to the water.
Das In-Kontaktbringen der Holzstrands mit dem mindestens einen Bindemittel in Schritt c) erfolgt bevorzugt durch Aufsprühen bzw. Verdüsen des Bindemittels auf die Holzstrands. So arbeiten viele OSB-Anlagen mit rotierenden Coils (Trommeln mit Atomizer-Beleimung). Eine Mischerbeleimung wäre auch möglich. Dabei werden die Strands in einem Mischer durch sich drehende Schaufeln innig mit dem Leim vermischt.The wooden strands are brought into contact with the at least one binder in step c) preferably by spraying or spraying the binder onto the wooden strands. Many OSB systems work with rotating coils (drums with atomizer gluing). Mixer gluing would also be possible. The strands are intimately mixed with the glue in a mixer by rotating blades.
In einer Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens wird bevorzugt ein Polymerklebstoff als Bindemittel verwendet, der ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe enthaltend Formaldehyd-Klebstoffe, Polyurethan-Klebstoffe, Epoxidharz-Klebstoffe, Polyester-Klebstoffe. Als Formaldehydkondensat-Klebstoff kann insbesondere ein Phenol-Formaldehydharz-Klebstoff (PF), ein Kresol-/ Resorcin-Formaldehydharz-Klebstoff, Harnstoff-Formaldehyd Harz-Klebstoff (UF) und/oder Melamin-Formaldehyd Harz Klebstoff (MF) verwendet werden.In one embodiment of the present method, a polymer adhesive is preferably used as the binder, which is selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, polyester adhesives. A phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive (PF), a cresol / resorcinol-formaldehyde resin adhesive, urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (UF) and / or melamine-formaldehyde resin adhesive (MF) can be used in particular as the formaldehyde condensate adhesive.
Vorliegend ist die Verwendung eines Polyurethan-Klebstoffes bevorzugt, wobei der Polyurethan-Klebstoff auf der Basis von aromatischen Polyisocyanaten, insbesondere Polydiphenylmethandiisocyanat (PMDI), Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI) und/oder Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) vorliegt, wobei PMDI besonders bevorzugt ist.In the present case, the use of a polyurethane adhesive is preferred, the polyurethane adhesive being based on aromatic polyisocyanates, in particular Polydiphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is present, with PMDI being particularly preferred.
Im Falle der Verwendung von PMDI-Klebstoffen werden die die torrefizierten und nicht-torrefizierten Holzstrands mit einer Bindemittelmenge von 1,0 bis 5,0 Gew%, bevorzugt 2 bis 4 Gew%, insbesondere 3 Gew% (bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Holzstrands) beleimt.If PMDI adhesives are used, the torrefected and non-torrefected wooden strands are coated with a binder amount of 1.0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 2 to 4% by weight, in particular 3% by weight (based on the total amount of wooden strands) glued.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des vorliegenden Verfahrens ist es ebenfalls möglich mehr als einen Polymerklebstoff zu verwenden. So können als erster Polymerklebstoff mindestens ein Polykondensationsklebstoff wie ein Polyamid-, ein Polyester-, ein Silikon- und/oder ein Formaldehydkondensat-Klebstoff, insbesondere ein Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz-Klebstoff (PF), ein Kresol-/ Resorcin-Formaldehydharz-Klebstoff, Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harz-Klebstoff (UF) und/oder Melamin-Formaldehyd-Harz-Klebstoff (MF) verwendet werden, und als zweiter Polymerklebstoff mindestens ein Polyadditionsklebstoff wie ein Epoxidharz-, Polycyanurat- und/oder ein Polyurethan-Klebstoff, insbesondere ein Polyurethan-Klebstoff auf der Basis von Polydiphenylmethandiisocyanat (PMDI), verwendet werden. Derartige Hybridklebstoffsysteme sind aus der
Die folgenden Bindemittelvarianten sind besonders bevorzugt: Phenol-Formaldehyd-Klebstoff (PF); Melamin-Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harz-Klebstoff (MUF); Melamin-Harnstoff-Phenol Formaldehyd-Harz-Klebstoff (MUPF); PMDI-Klebstoffe und eine Kombination von MUF/MUPF und PMDI-Klebstoffen. In letzterem Fall wird für die Mittelschicht bevorzugt PMDI und in den Deckschichten MUF oder MUPF als Bindemittel verwendet. Besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von PMDI-Klebstoffen für alle Schichten, d.h. für die Deckschichten und die Mittelschicht.The following binder variants are particularly preferred: phenol-formaldehyde adhesive (PF); Melamine urea formaldehyde resin adhesive (MUF); Melamine urea phenol formaldehyde resin adhesive (MUPF); PMDI adhesives and a combination of MUF / MUPF and PMDI adhesives. In the latter case, PMDI is preferably used as the binder for the middle layer and MUF or MUPF in the cover layers. It is particularly preferred to use PMDI adhesives for all layers, i.e. for the top layers and the middle layer.
Es ist ebenfalls möglich, zusammen oder separat mit dem Bindemittel den Holzstrands mindestens ein Flammschutzmittel zuzuführen.It is also possible to add at least one flame retardant to the wooden strands together or separately with the binder.
Das Flammschutzmittel kann typischerweise in einer Menge zwischen 1 und 20 Gew%, bevorzugt zwischen 5 und 15 Gew%, insbesondere bevorzugt ≥10 Gew% bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge der Holzstrands zugegeben werden.The flame retardant can typically be added in an amount between 1 and 20% by weight, preferably between 5 and 15% by weight, particularly preferably ≥ 10% by weight, based on the total amount of the wooden beaches.
Typische Flammschutzmittel sind ausgewählt aus der Gruppe umfassend Phosphate, Borate, insbesondere Ammoniumpolyphosphat, Tris(tri-bromneopentyl)phosphat, Zinkborat oder Borsäurekomplexe von mehrwertigen Alkoholen.Typical flame retardants are selected from the group comprising phosphates, borates, in particular ammonium polyphosphate, tris (tri-bromo neopentyl) phosphate, zinc borate or boric acid complexes of polyhydric alcohols.
Die beleimten (torrefizierten und/oder nicht-torrefizierten) Holzstrands werden auf ein Transportband unter Ausbildung einer ersten Deckschicht längs zur Transportrichtung, anschließend unter Ausbildung einer Mittelschicht quer zur Transportrichtung und abschließend unter Ausbildung einer zweiten Deckschicht längs zur Transportrichtung aufgestreut.The glued (torrefected and / or non-torrefected) wooden strands are sprinkled onto a conveyor belt to form a first cover layer along the direction of transport, then to form a middle layer transverse to the direction of transport and finally to form a second cover layer along the direction of transport.
Nach dem Aufstreuen erfolgt das Verpressen der beleimten Holzstrands bei Temperaturen zwischen 200 und 250°C, bevorzugt 220 und 230°C zu einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte.After sprinkling, the glued wood strands are pressed at temperatures between 200 and 250 ° C, preferably 220 and 230 ° C, to form an OSB wood-based panel.
In einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das vorliegende Verfahren zur Herstellung einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte mit reduzierter VOC-Emission die folgenden Schritte:
- Herstellen von Holzstrands aus geeigneten Hölzern, insbesondere mittels Zerspanen von geeigneten Hölzern,
- Torrefizieren der Holzstrands ohne vorherige Trocknung der Holzstrands;
- Sichten und Separieren der torrefizierten Holzstrands in Holzstrands geeignet zur Verwendung als Mittelschicht und Deckschicht;
- Beleimen der separierten torrefizierten Holzstrands;
- Aufstreuen der beleimten torrefizierten Holzstrands auf ein Transportband in der Reihenfolge erste untere Deckschicht, Mittelschicht und zweite obere Deckschicht; und
- Verpressen der beleimten Holzstrands zu einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte.
- Manufacture of wooden beaches from suitable woods, in particular by cutting suitable woods,
- Torrefication of the wooden beaches without drying the wooden beaches beforehand;
- Sifting and separating the torrefected wooden strands into wooden strands suitable for use as a middle and top layer;
- Gluing the separated torrefected wooden beach;
- Sprinkle the glued torrefected wooden beach on a conveyor belt in the order of the first lower cover layer, middle layer and second upper cover layer; and
- Pressing the glued wood strands into an OSB wood-based panel.
In einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das vorliegende Verfahren zur Herstellung einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte mit reduzierter VOC-Emission die folgenden Schritte:
- Herstellen von Holzstrands aus geeigneten Hölzern, insbesondere mittels Zerspanen von geeigneten Hölzern;
- ggfs. Trocknen der Holzstrands;
- Sichten und Separieren der Holzstrands in Holzstrands geeignet zur Verwendung als Mittelschicht und Deckschicht;
- Torrefizieren der für die Mittelschicht vorgesehenen Holzstrands und/oder Torrefizieren der für die Deckschicht(en) vorgesehenen Holzstrands;
- Beleimen der separierten torrefizierten Holzstrands;
- Aufstreuen der beleimten torrefizierten Holzstrands auf ein Transportband in der Reihenfolge erste untere Deckschicht, Mittelschicht und zweite obere Deckschicht; und
- Verpressen der beleimten Holzstrands zu einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte.
- Manufacture of wooden beaches from suitable woods, in particular by cutting suitable woods;
- if necessary drying the wooden beaches;
- Sifting and separating the wooden strands into wooden strands suitable for use as a middle and top layer;
- Torrefying of the wooden beach intended for the middle layer and / or torefitting of the wooden beach provided for the top layer (s);
- Gluing the separated torrefected wooden beach;
- Sprinkle the glued torrefected wooden beach on a conveyor belt in the order of the first lower cover layer, middle layer and second upper cover layer; and
- Pressing the glued wood strands into an OSB wood-based panel.
Entsprechend ermöglicht das vorliegende Verfahren die Herstellung einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte mit reduzierter Emission an flüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOCs), welche torrefizierte Holzstrands umfasst.Accordingly, the present method enables the production of an OSB wood-based panel with reduced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which comprises torrefied wood strands.
Die mit dem vorliegenden Verfahren hergestellte OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte weist insbesondere eine reduzierte Emission von während des Holzaufschlusses freigesetzten Aldehyden, insbesondere Pentanal oder Hexanal, organischen Säuren wie Essigsäure und/oder Terpenen, insbesondere Caren und Pinen auf. Diesbezüglich wird auch auf die Ausführungen weiter unten verwiesen.The OSB wood-based panel produced with the present method has, in particular, a reduced emission of aldehydes released during the wood digestion, in particular pentanal or hexanal, organic acids such as acetic acid and / or terpenes, in particular carene and pinene. In this regard, reference is also made to the explanations below.
Die vorliegende OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte kann dabei vollständig aus torrefizierten Holzstrands oder aus einem Gemisch von torrefizierten und nicht-torrefizierten Holzstrands bestehen. Die vorliegende OSB-Werkstoffplatte weist einen gegenüber einer vollständig aus nicht-torrefizierten Holzstrands hergestellten OSB-Werkstoffplatten reduzierten Quellwert, insbesondere einen um 20% bis 50%, bevorzugt 30% bis 40% z.B. um 35 % reduzierten Quellwert auf. Die Quellneigung der vorliegenden OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte liegt zwischen 5 und 30%, bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 25 %, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 15 und 20% (nach 24 h Wasserlagerung).The present OSB wood-based panel can consist entirely of torrefected wooden strands or a mixture of torrefected and non-torrefected wooden strands. The present OSB material board has a swelling value which is reduced compared to an OSB material board made entirely of non-torrefied wooden strands, in particular a 20% to 50%, preferably 30% to 40% e.g. by 35% reduced source value. The tendency of the present OSB wood-based panel to swell is between 5 and 30%, preferably between 10 and 25%, particularly preferably between 15 and 20% (after 24 hours of water storage).
Die vorliegende OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte kann eine Rohdichte zwischen 300 und 1000 kg/m3, bevorzugt zwischen 500 und 800 kg/m3, insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 500 und 600 kg/m3 aufweisen.The present OSB wood-based panel can have a bulk density between 300 and 1000 kg / m 3 , preferably between 500 and 800 kg / m 3 , particularly preferably between 500 and 600 kg / m 3 .
Die Dicke der vorliegenden OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte kann zwischen 5 und 50 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 40 mm betragen, wobei insbesondere eine Dicke zwischen 15 und 25 mm bevorzugt ist.The thickness of the present OSB wood-based panel can be between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 10 and 40 mm, a thickness between 15 and 25 mm being preferred in particular.
In einer bevorzugten Variante werden die torrefizierten Holzstrands zur Reduzierung von während des Holzaufschlusses, insbesondere der Zerspanung der Hölzer in Strands, freigesetzten Aldehyden, organischen Säuren und/oder Terpenen verwendet.In a preferred variant, the torrefied wooden strands are used to reduce aldehydes, organic acids and / or terpenes released during the wood digestion, in particular the cutting of the woods into strands.
Entsprechend werden die torrefizierten Holzstrands vorliegend bevorzugt zur Reduzierung der Emission von organischen Säuren, insbesondere zur Reduzierung der Emission von Essigsäure aus OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten verwendet. Organische Säuren fallen insbesondere als Spaltprodukte der Holzbestandteile Zellulose, Hemizellulosen und Lignin an, wobei bevorzugt Alkansäuren, wie Essigsäure und Propionsäure oder aromatische Säuren gebildet werden.Accordingly, the torrefied wooden beaches are preferably used in the present case to reduce the emission of organic acids, in particular to reduce the emission of acetic acid from OSB wood-based panels. Organic acids are obtained in particular as cleavage products of the wood constituents cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin, alkanoic acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid or aromatic acids preferably being formed.
Es ist ebenfalls wünschenswert, die torrefizierten Holzstrands zur Reduzierung der Emission von Aldehyden aus OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten einzusetzen. Wie oben bereits erläutert, erfolgt eine Freisetzung von Aldehyden während der hydrolytischen Aufarbeitung von Holz bzw. Lignozellulose. Dabei können spezifische Aldehyde aus den Grundbausteinen der Zellulose oder Hemizellulose gebildet werden. So wird z.B. der Aldehyd Furfural aus Mono-und Disacchariden der Zellulose bzw. Hemizellulose gebildet, während aromatische Aldehyde während des partiell stattfindenden hydrolytischen Ausschlusses von Lignin freigesetzt werden können. Entsprechend werden die torrefizierten Holzstrands zur Reduzierung der Emission von C1-C10 Aldehyden, insbesondere bevorzugt vom Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Pentanal, Hexanal oder auch Furfural in OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatten eingesetzt.It is also desirable to use the torrefied wood strands to reduce the emission of aldehydes from OSB wood-based panels. As already explained above, aldehydes are released during the hydrolytic processing of wood or lignocellulose. Specific aldehydes can be formed from the basic building blocks of cellulose or hemicellulose. For example, the aldehyde furfural is formed from mono- and disaccharides of cellulose or hemicellulose, while aromatic aldehydes can be released during the partially hydrolytic exclusion of lignin. Accordingly, the torrefied wood strands are used to reduce the emission of C1-C10 aldehydes, particularly preferably formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, pentanal, hexanal or furfural in OSB wood-based panels.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform werden die torrefizierten Holzstrands zur Reduzierung der Emission von Terpenen verwendet. So können die torrefizierten Holzstrands zur Reduzierung von freigesetzten Terpenen, insbesondere C10-Monoterpene und C15-Sesquiterpene, insbesondere bevorzugt acyclische oder cyclische Monoterpene eingesetzt werden.In a further embodiment, the torrefied wooden beaches are used to reduce the emission of terpenes. The torrefected wooden strands can thus be used to reduce released terpenes, in particular C10 monoterpenes and C15 sesquiterpenes, particularly preferably acyclic or cyclic monoterpenes.
Typische acyclische Terpene sind Terpenkohlenwasserstoffe wie Myrcen, Terpenalkohole wie Gerianol, Linaool, Ipsinol und Terpenaldehyde wie Citral. Typische Vertreter der monocyclischen Terpene sind p-Menthan, Terpeninol, Limonen oder Carvon, und typische Vertreter der bicyclischen Terpene sind Caran, Pinan, Bornan, wobei insbesondere 3-Caren und α-Pinen von Bedeutung sind. Terpene sind Bestandteile der Baumharze und von daher besonders in sehr harzhaltigen Baumarten wie Kiefer oder Fichte vorhanden.Typical acyclic terpenes are terpene hydrocarbons such as myrcene, terpene alcohols such as Gerianol, Linaool, Ipsinol and terpene aldehydes such as Citral. Typical representatives of the monocyclic terpenes are p-menthan, terpeninol, limonene or carvone, and typical representatives of the bicyclic terpenes are carane, pinane, bornane, 3-carene and α-pinene being particularly important. Terpenes are constituents of tree resins and are therefore particularly present in tree species that are very resinous, such as pine or spruce.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezugnahme auf die Figur der Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
Figur 1- eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, und
Figur 2- eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.
- Figure 1
- is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, and
- Figure 2
- is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Die in
Entsprechend wird zunächst in Schritt 1 geeignetes Holzausgangsmaterial zur Herstellung der Holzstrands bereitgestellt. Als Holzausgangsmaterial sind sämtliche Nadelhölzer, Laubhölzer oder auch Mischungen davon geeignet.Correspondingly, in
Das Entrinden (Schritt 2) und das Zerspanen (Schritt 3) des Holzausgangsmaterials erfolgt in hierfür geeigneten Zerspanern, wobei die Größe der Holzstrands entsprechend gesteuert werden kann. Nach Zerkleinerung und Bereitstellung der Holzstrands werden diese ggf. einem Vortrocknungsprozess unterzogen, wobei eine Feuchte von 5-10 % in Bezug auf die Ausgangsfeuchte der Holzhackschnitzel eingestellt wird (nicht gezeigt).The debarking (step 2) and the cutting (step 3) of the wood raw material is carried out in suitable chippers, whereby the size of the wooden beaches can be controlled accordingly. After shredding and preparation of the wooden beaches, they may be subjected to a pre-drying process, with a moisture of 5-10% being set in relation to the initial moisture of the wood chips (not shown).
Im Falle der in
Nach Abschluss der Torrefizierung, die im vorliegenden Fall ca. 2 Stunden dauert, werden die torrefizierten Holzstrands gewässert, gesichtet und separiert (Schritt 5).After completing the torrefication, which in this case takes about 2 hours, the torrefied wooden beaches are watered, sighted and separated (step 5).
Es erfolgt eine Separierung in Holzstrands zur Verwendung als Mittelschicht (Schritt 6a) oder als Deckschicht (Schritt 6b) mit jeweiliger Beleimung.There is a separation in wooden strands for use as a middle layer (
Die beleimten torrefizierten Holzstrands werden auf ein Transportband in der Reihenfolge erste untere Deckschicht, Mittelschicht und zweite obere Deckschicht aufgestreut (Schritt 7) und anschließend zu einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte verpresst (Schritt 8).The glued torrefected wood strands are sprinkled on a conveyor belt in the order of the first lower cover layer, middle layer and second upper cover layer (step 7) and then pressed to an OSB wood-based panel (step 8).
In der in
Daran schließt sich die Torrefizierung der für die Mittelschicht vorgesehenen Holzstrands (Schritt 4a) und/oder Torrefizierung der für die Deckschicht(en) vorgesehene Holzstrands (Schritt 4b) in einem jeweils geeigneten Torrefizierungsreaktor an. Die Torrefizierung der Holzstrands erfolgt in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 220° und 260°C. Die Torrefizierung kann auf den gewünschten Torrefizierungsgrad für die Mittel- und Deckschichten eingestellt werden.This is followed by the torrefication of the wooden strands intended for the middle layer (step 4a) and / or the torrefication of the wooden strands intended for the cover layer (s) (step 4b) in a suitable torrefaction reactor. The torrefication of the wooden beaches takes place in a temperature range between 220 ° and 260 ° C. The torrefication can be set to the desired degree of torrefication for the middle and top layers.
Die dabei entstehenden Pyrolysegase bzw. Torrgase werden zur Erzeugung der für die Prozessanlage notwendigen Energie genutzt.The pyrolysis gases or torr gases produced are used to generate the energy required for the process plant.
Nach Abschluss der Torrefizierung, die im vorliegenden Fall ca. 2 Stunden dauert, werden die torrefizierten Holzstrands beleimt (Schritte 6 a,b).After completing the torrefication, which in this case takes about 2 hours, the torrefied wooden beaches are glued (
Die beleimten torrefizierten Holzstrands werden auf ein Transportband in der Reihenfolge erste untere Deckschicht, Mittelschicht und zweite obere Deckschicht aufgestreut (Schritt 7) und anschließend zu einer OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte verpresst (Schritt 8).The glued torrefected wood strands are sprinkled on a conveyor belt in the order of the first lower cover layer, middle layer and second upper cover layer (step 7) and then pressed to an OSB wood-based panel (step 8).
In der Endbearbeitung wird die erhaltene OSB-Holzwerkstoffplatte jeweils in geeigneter Weise konfektioniert.In the final processing, the OSB wood-based panel obtained is suitably assembled in each case.
Aus Kiefernstämmen werden Strands erzeugt und in einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden Torrefizierungsapparatur bei 180°C bis zu einem Masseverlust von ca. 20% torrefiziert. Dies erfolgt unter Sattdampf. Bei dem Prozess verfärben sich die Strands von hellgelb nach hellbraun. Anschließend werden die Strands in Wasser abgekühlt.Strands are produced from pine trunks and torrefected in a continuous torrefaction apparatus at 180 ° C until a mass loss of approx. 20%. This takes place under saturated steam. During the process, the strands change color from light yellow to light brown. The beaches are then cooled in water.
Anschließend wird das Bindemittel (PMDI, ca. 3 Gew%) in einer Beleimmaschine (Beleimtrommel, beispielsweise der Fa. Coil) fein verteilt auf die torrefizierten Holzstrands aufgebracht. Die beleimten torrefizierten Stands werden in einer OSB-Anlage als Mittelschicht gestreut.The binder (PMDI, approx. 3% by weight) is then applied in a gluing machine (gluing drum, for example from Coil) in finely divided form to the torrefected wooden strands. The glued torrefected stands are spread as a middle class in an OSB system.
Die Deckschicht wird aus Strands gebildet, die in einem Trommeltrockner getrocknet worden sind. Diese sind ebenfalls mit PMDI als Leim (ca. 3 Gew%) beleimt worden. Die Strands werden nicht durch z. B. eine Paraffinemulsion zusätzlich hydrophobiert, um die anschließend durchzuführenden Prüfungen nicht durch das Hydrophobierungsmittel zu stören. Die gestreuten Strands werden in einer Contipresse zu OSB-Platten verpresst.The top layer is formed from strands that have been dried in a tumble dryer. These were also glued with PMDI as glue (approx. 3% by weight). The beaches are not z. B. additionally hydrophobicized a paraffin emulsion so as not to interfere with the tests to be carried out subsequently by the hydrophobicizing agent. The scattered strands are pressed into OSB boards in a Contipress.
Die prozentuale Verteilung zwischen Mittel- und Deckschicht ist mindestens 70% zu 30%. Die Strands werden zu Platten verpresst, die eine Rohdichte von ca. 570 kg/m3 haben.The percentage distribution between the middle and top layers is at least 70% to 30%. The strands are pressed into sheets with a bulk density of approx. 570 kg / m 3 .
Nach einer Lagerzeit von ca. einer Woche wurde die Versuchsplatte zusammen mit einer Standardplatte in gleicher Stärke in einer Mikrokammer auf die VOC-Abgabe geprüft.After a storage period of approximately one week, the test plate was tested for VOC release together with a standard plate of the same thickness in a micro-chamber.
Kammerparameter: Temperatur 23°C; Feuchte 0%; Luftdurchfluss 150 ml/min; Luftwechsel 188 / h; Beladung 48,8 m2/m3; Probenoberfläche 0,003 m2, Kammervolumen: 48 mlChamber parameters: temperature 23 ° C; Humidity 0%; Air flow 150 ml / min; Air change 188 / h; Loading 48.8 m 2 / m 3 ; Sample surface area 0.003 m 2 , chamber volume: 48 ml
Die Werte der mengenmäßig wichtigsten Parameter sind in der Tabelle 1 dargestellt.
Wie aus den Ergebnissen zu entnehmen ist, werden die Emissionen der mengenmäßig wichtigsten Parameter um den Faktor 3 bis 5 reduziert.As can be seen from the results, the emissions of the most important parameters in terms of quantity are reduced by a factor of 3 to 5.
Zusätzlich wurde auch die Dickenquellung bestimmt.
Wie aus der Tabelle zu entnehmen ist, werden die Quellwerte durch die Verwendung von torrefizierten Strands um ca. 35% reduziert.As can be seen from the table, the source values are reduced by approx. 35% by using torrefacted beaches.
Claims (15)
- A process for the production of OSB wood-material board with reduced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), comprising the steps(a) Production of wood strands from suitable woods,(b) Torrefaction of at least part of the wood strands in a saturated steam atmosphere at temperatures between 160°C and 200°C and pressures of 6 bar to 16 bar;(c) Gluing of the torrefied wood strands in step (b) and of non-torrefied wood strands with at least one binder;(d) spreading the glued wood strands onto a conveyor belt; ande) Pressing the glued wood strands to form an OSB wood-material board.
- Process according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the wood strands is dried before torrefaction.
- Process according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a part of the wood strands are torrefied with a moisture content of 20-50% by weight.
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that torrefied wood strands or a mixture of torrefied wood strands and non-torrefied wood strands are used as the middle layer and/or top layer of the OSB wood-material board.
- Process according to claim 4, characterized in that the middle layer is formed from torrefied wood strands and non-torrefied wood strands are used for both top layers of the OSB wood-material board.
- Process according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that step b) of torrefaction of the wood strand is carried out separately from the production process of the OSB wood-material boards.
- Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the wood strands are discharged from the production process of the OSB wood-material boards and are introduced into a torrefaction device.
- Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the torrefied wood strands are reintroduced into the production process immediately before the gluing in step c).
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torrefaction of the wood strands is carried out in at least one torrefaction reactor, preferably in two torrefaction reactors.
- Process according to claim 9, characterized in that the torrefaction is terminated at a loss of mass of the wood strands of 10 to 30%, preferably 15 to 20%.
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torrefied wood strands are cooled in water before gluing with a suitable binder.
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the torrefied and non-torrefied wood strands are glued with a binder quantity of 1.0 to 5.0 % by weight, preferably 2 to 4 % by weight, in particular 3 % by weight (relative to the total quantity of wood strands).
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a polyurethane adhesive based on aromatic polyisocyanates, in particular polydiphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) and/or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is used as binder.
- Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glued wood strands are pressed at temperatures between 200 and 250°C, preferably 220 and 230°C, to form an OSB wood-material board.
- OSB wood-material board with reduced emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and with reduced swelling and increased dimensional stability produced in a process according to one of the preceding claims comprising torrefied wood strands.
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UA124056C2 (en) | 2021-07-14 |
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PT3170635T (en) | 2018-02-23 |
EP3377283A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
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PL3170635T3 (en) | 2018-06-29 |
BR112018009286A8 (en) | 2019-02-26 |
RU2019108980A (en) | 2019-04-05 |
PL3377283T3 (en) | 2020-11-16 |
CN110142831A (en) | 2019-08-20 |
JP6518385B2 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
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BR112018009286A2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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