EP3356683B1 - Electrohydraulic actuator unit - Google Patents
Electrohydraulic actuator unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3356683B1 EP3356683B1 EP17735423.0A EP17735423A EP3356683B1 EP 3356683 B1 EP3356683 B1 EP 3356683B1 EP 17735423 A EP17735423 A EP 17735423A EP 3356683 B1 EP3356683 B1 EP 3356683B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydraulic
- piston
- drive unit
- working chamber
- valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
- F15B11/02—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
- F15B11/022—Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member in which a rapid approach stroke is followed by a slower, high-force working stroke
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/16—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses
- B30B15/163—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses for accumulator-driven presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/16—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses
- B30B15/18—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses controlling the reciprocating motion of the ram
- B30B15/20—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses controlling the reciprocating motion of the ram controlling the speed of the ram, e.g. the speed of the approach, pressing or return strokes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
- F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
- F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
- F15B1/021—Installations or systems with accumulators used for damping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
- F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
- F15B1/027—Installations or systems with accumulators having accumulator charging devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
- F15B2211/20515—Electric motor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
- F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
- F15B2211/20561—Type of pump reversible
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
- F15B2211/212—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
- F15B2211/275—Control of the prime mover, e.g. hydraulic control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/30—Directional control
- F15B2211/305—Directional control characterised by the type of valves
- F15B2211/30505—Non-return valves, i.e. check valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/50—Pressure control
- F15B2211/55—Pressure control for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure, e.g. by using a pressure relief valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
- F15B2211/625—Accumulators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
- F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
- F15B2211/7053—Double-acting output members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
- F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
- F15B2211/775—Combined control, e.g. control of speed and force for providing a high speed approach stroke with low force followed by a low speed working stroke with high force, e.g. for a hydraulic press
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electro-hydraulic drive unit specified in the preamble of claim 1 generic type.
- Electrohydraulic drive units which - executed as linear drives - each comprise at least one controlled by a hydraulic pump cylinder-piston assembly and are particularly suitable as a machine drives, are known in various configurations.
- electrohydraulic drive units which - executed as linear drives - each comprise at least one controlled by a hydraulic pump cylinder-piston assembly and are particularly suitable as a machine drives.
- An electro-hydraulic drive unit of the generic type is in particular the latter DE 202015106161 U1 removable.
- One of the characteristics is that the hydraulic pump with its working connection can be selectively switched to each of the two hydraulic working chambers of the double-acting cylinder-piston arrangement.
- the piston of the cylinder-piston assembly - by appropriate loading of one of the two hydraulic working spaces from the hydraulic pump - actively in each of the two directions of movement moves (lowered at vertical movement axis as well as raised).
- a typical use of such an electro-hydraulic drive unit takes place during a work cycle 'a first part of the downward movement of the piston (the so-called.
- the piston of the cylinder-piston assembly is at its bottom dead center under a considerable voltage.
- This applies for example, when using the respective electro-hydraulic drive unit in a straightening, bending or press brake, in which the workpiece to be reshaped - depending on its material properties and dimensions - at bottom dead center of the piston on this typically a high, the counteracting the forming piston movement Counteracts.
- the first hydraulic working space of the cylinder-piston assembly is under substantial pressure at the bottom dead center of the piston. To reduce this pressure, before the piston is actively raised by applying the second hydraulic working space, is after the DE 202015106161 U1 provided a so-called. Decompression phase, which adjoins the holding phase.
- the present invention has set itself the task of providing an electro-hydraulic drive unit of the generic type, which is characterized by a further improved performance especially in the area of reversal of movement of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder-piston assembly.
- the electrohydraulic drive unit is characterized in that a decompression module with a hydraulic accumulator connected in a specific manner to the second hydraulic working space is integrated in the hydraulic system.
- the drive unit according to the invention is particularly suitable as a press drive, wherein the piston drives a tool used for forming a workpiece, movable up and down
- the present invention is explained below mainly with respect to this use.
- a limitation of the invention to this use can not be derived therefrom.
- the characteristic of the present invention integration of a hydraulic accumulator in the rest of the hydraulic system by means of the first and the second connecting line and the valves arranged therein allows in particular the pressure conditions in the two hydraulic working spaces of the cylinder-piston assembly and the movement of the piston in the most critical Phase of pressure reduction in the first hydraulic working space and the incipient return movement of the piston from the interaction with a deformed workpiece or the like to decouple by not in the said pressure reduction in the first hydraulic working space and the onset of return movement of the piston through the workpiece to be formed or the like in the piston induced force is the decisive size, but rather in the second hydraulic working space through the decompression module induced hydraulic pressure.
- the hydraulic pump does not have to be switched from the first to the second hydraulic working space; Rather, it remains continuously connected to the first hydraulic working space and initially reduces alone (jerk-free and steadily) the speed in the pumping mode and then goes over to the braking operation by reversing the direction of rotation. Also switching valves are not switched in this critical phase, so that even discontinuities caused by switching operations of the switching valves are avoided.
- the return stroke of the piston in the decompression phase is not determined and limited by the elastic springback of the workpiece and the machine parts elastically deformed during pressing; rather, the decompression module dictates the amount of return stroke of the piston in the decompression phase.
- the pistons are raised continuously, steadily and smoothly (actively) so that no more contact between tool and workpiece. Discontinuities, as they necessarily occur during the transition to the active lifting of the piston in rapid traverse (under the action of the second hydraulic working space from the hydraulic pump in pumping operation), can thus be achieved in this way not adversely affect the workpiece.
- a metrological detection of the workpiece actual size and determination of the required delivery of the stamp includes is the possible in application of the invention continuous and smooth active decompression decompression until the complete lifting of the tool from the workpiece or even beyond ideal. This is also evident when driving through several Nachbiegezyklen in "shuttle". In forming processes that occur due to the specific workpiece geometry using bending aids, it also proves the present invention to be extremely useful; because the full path control during active decompression allows a controlled transfer of the workpiece to the bending aid.
- the hydraulic decompression module comprises a charge / discharge valve, which is particularly preferably arranged in a common wiring harness for the first connection line and the second connection line.
- a charge / discharge valve By means of said loading / unloading valve can be the effective interaction of the hydraulic accumulator of the hydraulic decompression module with the second hydraulic Restrict working space to a (preferably small) proportion of the duty cycle '(more or less adjacent the bottom dead center of the piston), so that during the majority of the respective working cycle' the hydraulic accumulator is separated from the second hydraulic working space.
- the displaced after the connection of the hydraulic decompression module in the further approach of the piston to the bottom dead center of the second hydraulic working space hydraulic fluid is moved via the first connecting line into the hydraulic accumulator of the hydraulic decompression module.
- the point of effective connection of the decompression module in the downward movement of the piston - by opening the load / unload valve - is preferably chosen so that the hydraulic energy stored in the hydraulic accumulator of the decompression module and the volume of stored hydraulic fluid is sufficient to the piston during the (an active "return stroke creeping" including) decompression phase to raise so far that no contact exists between the tool and workpiece.
- the capacity of the hydraulic accumulator of the decompression module may be substantially smaller than the maximum volume of the second hydraulic working space, for example, only less than 30% thereof.
- the loading / unloading valve can in particular - in another preferred development - open in a pressure-controlled manner, wherein the control pressure line communicates with the first hydraulic working space.
- the decompression module is in this way automatically switched on, depending on the predetermined threshold value, at the beginning or during the power stroke upon reaching a predetermined pressure value in the first hydraulic working space. If a connection is desired right at the beginning of the power stroke, the threshold value switching the charge / discharge valve is matched to the pressure jump which occurs in the first hydraulic working space during the transition from rapid traverse to power transmission.
- an even later switching point may possibly also be set, namely more or less towards the end of the power stroke at a correspondingly high pressure in the first hydraulic working space.
- the pressure-dependent connection hydraulic decompression module by pressure-controlled opening of the charge / discharge valve can be realized for example by an immediate hydraulic actuation of the charge / discharge via the control pressure.
- a significant advantage of such an immediate pressure actuation of the load / unload valve is that the machine controller need not have a separate control output operating the load / unload valve.
- such a pressure-controlled actuation of the charge / discharge valve may also be expedient in which the pressure used to control the charge / discharge valve is detected by means of a sensor and the respective measured value is switched to the engine control, which in turn sends a charge to the charge controller.
- Discharge valve acting this actuates (in particular electrical) actuator.
- the charge / discharge valve can also be actuated manually (eg by means of a foot pedal) or by an electric actuator controlled by the machine control system (for example, controlled by a status or sequence).
- the machine control system for example, controlled by a status or sequence.
- the latter can be the most favorable concrete implementation of the present invention in an individual case (eg also under aspects of the "emergency stop function", the expenditure on equipment and the tightness).
- the decompression module is effective as long (in terms of an admission of the second hydraulic working space from the hydraulic accumulator out over the second connecting line) until the pressure in the first hydraulic working space again below the switching pressure of the charge / discharge valve sinks. From there, the further working cycle runs without the action of the decompression module.
- Another preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the hydraulic pump, which can be reversed by means of the machine control to a braking mode with the pumping operation reversed in the direction of rotation and flow, is designed as a 2-quadrant pump.
- This development makes use of the possibility of using comparatively simple, inexpensive and reliable pump technology for the implementation of the concept underlying the invention.
- the illustrated electro-hydraulic drive unit as it is particularly suitable for use on a machine press such as a straightening, bending or press brake or a powder press, comprises a hydraulic cylinder-piston assembly 1, a variable speed driven by an electric motor 2 hydraulic pump 3 ( 2-quadrant pump) with a tank port T and a working port P, a hydraulic fluid-storing tank 4, a switched between the working port P of the hydraulic pump 3 and the hydraulic cylinder-piston assembly 1, a plurality of electrically controllable switching valves S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6 comprehensive valve assembly and - not shown - an acting on the switching valves S1 - S6 and the electric motor 2 machine control.
- a hydraulic cylinder-piston assembly 1, a variable speed driven by an electric motor 2 hydraulic pump 3 ( 2-quadrant pump) with a tank port T and a working port P, a hydraulic fluid-storing tank 4, a switched between the working port P of the hydraulic pump 3 and the hydraulic cylinder-piston assembly 1, a
- the cylinder-piston assembly 1 is double-acting; it has a piston-side first hydraulic working space 5 and a piston-side-side second hydraulic working space 6.
- the cylinder-piston arrangement 1 is in this case oriented with a vertical movement axis X of the piston 7 such that the first hydraulic working space 5 is arranged above the second hydraulic working space 6. Pressurization of the first hydraulic working space 5 by means of the hydraulic pump 3 results in a downward movement, the pressurization of the second hydraulic working space 6, however, in an upward movement of the piston 7.
- a Suction valve 8 connected through which the first hydraulic working chamber 5 is filled at a downward movement of the piston 7 in rapid traverse with hydraulic fluid.
- the drive unit has a hydraulic decompression module 9.
- This comprises a hydraulic accumulator 10 which is connectable to the second hydraulic working chamber 6 via two different connecting lines 11 and 12, which, however, in sections have a matching, common wiring harness 13 with a charge / discharge valve 14 arranged therein.
- the hydraulic accumulator 10 of the hydraulic decompression module 9 can be connected to the second hydraulic working chamber 6 via a first connecting line 11 with a pressure limiting valve 15 with a flow direction from the second hydraulic working chamber 6 to the hydraulic accumulator 10; the first Connecting line 11 thus represents a "charging line" for the hydraulic accumulator 10.
- the hydraulic accumulator 10 via a second connecting line 12 with a in the flow direction from the hydraulic accumulator 10 to the second hydraulic working chamber 6 opening check valve 16 is connectable; the second connecting line 12 thus represents an "unloading line" for the hydraulic accumulator 10.
- the charge / discharge valve 14 opens (and closes) pressure-controlled, ie, in response to a control pressure, namely actuated directly by the control pressure.
- the control pressure is the pressure prevailing in the first hydraulic working space 5.
- the control pressure line 17 communicates with the first hydraulic working space 5 of the loading / unloading valve 14 designed as a hydraulically actuatable valve.
- the switching pressure threshold of the loading / unloading valve 14 is set so that it is already in position (as a result of the pressure limiting valve 15). opens at the beginning of the power passage in the first hydraulic working space 5 adjusting pressure.
- the representation of the switching and operating states is partially schematic, especially in the sense that instead of the above-mentioned gradual change in the rotational speed of the electric motor, a sudden change is shown. Accordingly, the piston movement is characterized by discontinuities.
- an additional “slow-up" phase can be provided between the decompression phase (VI) and the upward movement of the piston at rapid traverse (VII).
- the electric motor 2 driving the hydraulic pump 3 is initially operated with reduced speed compared to the phase upwards rapid traverse (VII); and the Nachsaugventil 8 is, by the switching valve S5 initially energized as well as during the phases II - VI, initially not yet switched to run, so that the hydraulic fluid is displaced through the valve assembly from the first hydraulic working chamber 5 in the tank 4.
- a filter unit 18 is connected between the working port P of the hydraulic pump 3 and the valve arrangement, by means of which the hydraulic fluid conveyed by the latter during the pumping operation of the hydraulic pump 3 is cleaned by the filter 19. Only when the filter 19 is blocked does the hydraulic fluid conveyed by the hydraulic pump 3 flow via the "small" bypass 20, in which the check valve 21 acts like a pressure relief valve and opens when the filter 19 is laden or clogged, in order to prevent a filter breakage.
- the hydraulic fluid flows via the "large" bypass 22 with the check valve 23 past the filter unit 18.
- the hydraulic decompression module - due to the then occurring in the first hydraulic working space sudden pressure increase - at the beginning of the power path, ie in the switching phase, wherein at the same time - by controlled closing of the switching valve S2 -
- the outflow of the displaced from the second hydraulic working space liquid is suppressed to the tank.
- the switching valve S2 would remain correspondingly longer, that is, at least still open during a first part of the power stroke; and expediently, would simultaneously for switching on the hydraulic decompression module (by hydraulic opening of the charge / discharge valve) by means of a likewise pressure-controlled, switched to the switching valve S2 in series valve, the outflow of the displaced from the second hydraulic working chamber liquid to the tank prevented.
- the charge / discharge valve of the hydraulic decompression module is not hydraulically actuated as in the exemplary embodiment, but rather controlled electrically, it would be particularly easy to activate a corresponding coordinated activation of the hydraulic decompression module while simultaneously blocking the drain to the tank (eg, location-controlled) realize any operating point of the power path.
- the respective process management could easily be optimized according to demand in the sense of the greatest possible efficiency.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen gattungsgemäßen Art.The present invention relates to an electro-hydraulic drive unit specified in the preamble of
Elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheiten, die - als Linearantriebe ausgeführt - jeweils mindestens eine gesteuert von einer Hydraulikpumpe beaufschlagbare Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung umfassen und sich insbesondere als Maschinenantriebe eignen, sind in verschiedenen Ausgestaltungen bekannt. Insoweit ist beispielsweise zu verweisen auf die
Eine elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit der gattungsgemäßen Art ist dabei insbesondere der zuletzt genannten
Bei verschiedenen Anwendungen steht der Kolben der Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung an seinem unteren Totpunkt unter einer erheblichen Spannung. Dies gilt beispielsweise beim Einsatz der jeweiligen elektrohydraulischen Antriebseinheit in einer Richt-, Biege- oder Abkantpresse, bei der das umzuformende Werkstück - je nach seinen Materialeigenschaften und Dimensionen - im unteren Totpunkt des Kolbens auf diesen typischerweise eine hohe, der die Umformung bewirkenden Kolbenbewegung entgegen gerichtete Gegenkraft ausübt. Dementsprechend steht bei solchen Anwendungen der erste hydraulische Arbeitsraum der Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung am unteren Totpunkt des Kolbens unter einem erheblichen Druck. Um diesen Druck abzubauen, bevor der Kolben - durch Beaufschlagung des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums - aktiv angehoben wird, ist nach der
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, eine elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit der gattungsgemäßen Art bereit zu stellen, die sich durch ein weiter verbessertes Betriebsverhalten insbesondere im Bereich der Bewegungsumkehr des Kolbens der hydraulischen Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung auszeichnet.The present invention has set itself the task of providing an electro-hydraulic drive unit of the generic type, which is characterized by a further improved performance especially in the area of reversal of movement of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder-piston assembly.
Gelöst wird die vorstehende Aufgabenstellung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung, wie im Anspruch 1 angegeben, durch Ausstattung einer gattungsgemäßen elektrohydraulischen Antriebseinheit mit einem hydraulischen Dekompressionsmodul mit einem Hydraulikspeicher, der mit dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum über ein erste Verbindungsleitung mit einem Druckbegrenzungsventil mit Durchströmungsrichtung vom zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum zum Hydraulikspeicher und über eine zweite Verbindungsleitung mit einem in Durchströmungsrichtung vom Hydraulikspeicher zum zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum öffnenden Rückschlagventil verbindbar ist. Die erfindungsgemäße elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit zeichnet sich, mit anderen Worten, dadurch aus, dass in das Hydrauliksystem ein Dekompressionsmodul mit einem in spezifischer Weise an den zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum angeschlossenen Hydraulikspeicher integriert ist.The above object is achieved according to the present invention, as indicated in
Da sich die erfindungsgemäße Antriebseinheit in ganz besonderer Weise als Pressenantrieb eignet, wobei der Kolben ein zur Umformung eines Werkstücks verwendetes, auf und ab bewegbares Werkzeug antreibt, wird die vorliegende Erfindung nachfolgend überwiegend in Bezug auf diese Verwendung erläutert. Eine Beschränkung der Erfindung auf diese Verwendung lässt sich daraus allerdings nicht herleiten.Since the drive unit according to the invention is particularly suitable as a press drive, wherein the piston drives a tool used for forming a workpiece, movable up and down, the present invention is explained below mainly with respect to this use. However, a limitation of the invention to this use can not be derived therefrom.
Die für die vorliegende Erfindung charakteristische Einbindung eines Hydraulikspeichers in das übrige Hydrauliksystem mittels der ersten und der zweiten Verbindungsleitung und den darin angeordneten Ventilen gestattet insbesondere, die Druckverhältnisse in den beiden hydraulischen Arbeitsräumen der Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung und die Bewegung des Kolbens in der besonders kritischen Phase des Druckabbaus in dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum und der einsetzenden Rückbewegung des Kolbens von der Interaktion mit einem umgeformten Werkstück oder dergleichen zu entkoppeln, indem bei dem besagten Druckabbau in dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum und der einsetzenden Rückbewegung des Kolbens nicht eine durch das umzuformende Werkstück oder dergleichen in dem Kolben induzierte Kraft die entscheidende Größe ist, sondern vielmehr der in dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum durch das Dekompressionsmodul induzierte Hydraulikdruck. Auf diese Weise lassen sich unter anderem eine gute Reproduzierbarkeit des Arbeitszyklus' sowie eine für das Werkstück besonders schonende Verfahrensführung erreichen. Von herausragender Bedeutung für die erzielbaren besonders günstigen Ergebnisse sind synergetische Effekte mehrerer in Kombination zusammenwirkender Einflüsse. So muss im Bereich des Übergangs vom Kraftgang über die Haltephase am unteren Totpunkt zum beginnenden Ruckhub des Kolbens die Hydraulikpumpe nicht vom ersten auf den zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum umgeschaltet werden; sie bleibt vielmehr durchgängig mit dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum verbunden und reduziert zunächst allein (ruckfrei und stetig) die Drehzahl im Pumpbetrieb und geht sodann unter Umkehrung der Drehrichtung zum Bremsbetrieb über. Auch Schaltventile werden in dieser kritischen Phase nicht umgeschaltet, so dass auch durch Umschaltvorgänge der Schaltventile induzierte Unstetigkeiten vermieden werden. Der Rückhub des Kolbens in der Dekompressionsphase ist im Übrigen nicht durch das elastische Rückfedern des Werkstücks und der beim Pressen elastisch verformten Maschinenteile bestimmt und begrenzt; vielmehr gibt das Dekompressionsmodul das Maß des Rückhubs des Kolbens in der Dekompressionsphase vor. So kann in der Dekompressionsphase, die je nach individueller Ausführung des Zyklus' somit auch einen "Rückhub-Schleichgang" darstellen kann, mittels des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls der Kolben kontinuierlich, stetig und ruckfrei (aktiv) so weit angehoben werden, dass keinerlei Kontakt mehr zwischen Werkzeug und Werkstück besteht. Unstetigkeiten, wie sie - durch verschiedene Schaltvorgänge - notwendigerweise dann beim Übergang auf das aktive Anheben des Kolbens im Eilgang (unter Beaufschlagung des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums aus der Hydraulikpumpe im Pumpbetrieb) auftreten, können sich auf diese Weise nicht nachteilig auf das Werkstück auswirken. Und da in jenem Bremsbetrieb in der "Dekompressionsphase" die Hydraulikpumpe mit dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum verbunden bleibt, dessen wirksame Kolbenfläche regelmäßig um ein Vielfaches größer ist als die wirksame Kolbenfläche des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums, ist zudem eine besonders feinfühlige Bewegungsführung des Kolbens möglich, entschieden feinfühliger als im Rückhub unter aktiver Beaufschlagung des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums aus der Hydraulikpumpe. Durch Reduzierung des Einflusses der Rückwirkungen (z. B. Rückfedern) eines ungeformten Werkstücks oder dergleichen in der Dekompressionsphase lässt sich ferner ein hochgradig stetiger Kraft- und Bewegungsverlauf dieser Phase erreichen. Und indem das Laden des Hydraulikspeichers des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls aus dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum heraus über ein (in der ersten Verbindungsleitung angeordnetes) Druckbegrenzungsventil - dieses kann identisch sein mit dem bei herkömmlichen elektrohydraulischen Antriebseinheiten im Kraftgang wirksamen Druckbegrenzungsventil - erfolgt, ist die erfindungsgemäße Integration eines hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls in das Hydrauliksystem, verglichen zum Stand der Technik, ohne sicherheitsrelevante Auswirkungen.The characteristic of the present invention integration of a hydraulic accumulator in the rest of the hydraulic system by means of the first and the second connecting line and the valves arranged therein allows in particular the pressure conditions in the two hydraulic working spaces of the cylinder-piston assembly and the movement of the piston in the most critical Phase of pressure reduction in the first hydraulic working space and the incipient return movement of the piston from the interaction with a deformed workpiece or the like to decouple by not in the said pressure reduction in the first hydraulic working space and the onset of return movement of the piston through the workpiece to be formed or the like in the piston induced force is the decisive size, but rather in the second hydraulic working space through the decompression module induced hydraulic pressure. In this way, inter alia, a good reproducibility of the working cycle and a particularly gentle process for the workpiece can be achieved. Of paramount importance for the achievable particularly favorable results are synergistic effects of several combination-interacting influences. Thus, in the region of the transition from the power passage via the holding phase at bottom dead center to the beginning jerk stroke of the piston, the hydraulic pump does not have to be switched from the first to the second hydraulic working space; Rather, it remains continuously connected to the first hydraulic working space and initially reduces alone (jerk-free and steadily) the speed in the pumping mode and then goes over to the braking operation by reversing the direction of rotation. Also switching valves are not switched in this critical phase, so that even discontinuities caused by switching operations of the switching valves are avoided. Incidentally, the return stroke of the piston in the decompression phase is not determined and limited by the elastic springback of the workpiece and the machine parts elastically deformed during pressing; rather, the decompression module dictates the amount of return stroke of the piston in the decompression phase. Thus, in the decompression phase, which can thus also represent a "return stroke creep" depending on the individual execution of the cycle, by means of the hydraulic decompression module, the pistons are raised continuously, steadily and smoothly (actively) so that no more contact between tool and workpiece. Discontinuities, as they necessarily occur during the transition to the active lifting of the piston in rapid traverse (under the action of the second hydraulic working space from the hydraulic pump in pumping operation), can thus be achieved in this way not adversely affect the workpiece. And because in that braking operation in the "decompression" the hydraulic pump remains connected to the first hydraulic working space whose effective piston area is regularly greater by a multiple than the effective piston area of the second hydraulic working space, also a particularly sensitive motion control of the piston is possible, decidedly more sensitive as in the return stroke under active loading of the second hydraulic working space from the hydraulic pump. By reducing the influence of the repercussions (eg springbacks) of an unshaped workpiece or the like in the decompression phase, it is also possible to achieve a highly steady course of force and movement of this phase. And by the loading of the hydraulic accumulator of the hydraulic decompression from the second hydraulic working space via a (arranged in the first connecting line) pressure relief valve - this can be identical to the effective in conventional electro-hydraulic drive units in the power passage pressure relief valve - is the integration of a hydraulic decompression module according to the invention in the hydraulic system, compared to the prior art, without safety-relevant effects.
All diese vorstehend erläuterten positiven Effekte sind für verschiedene Anwendungen der hier in Rede stehenden elektrohydraulischen Antriebseinheit von ganz erheblichem Vorteil und Nutzen. Namentlich lassen sich unter Verwendung von erfindungsgemäßen Antriebseinheiten auch Pulverpressen konzipieren, bei denen der Grünling im Anschluss das Pressen besonders schonend behandelt wird, so dass sich eine besonders geringe Fehler- und Ausschussquote erreichen lässt. Aufgrund ihrer herausragenden charakteristischen Vorteile eignet sich die vorliegende Erfindung ebenfalls sehr gut zum Einsatz bei Abkantpressen für sensorgeregeltes Biegen. Denn für den Nachbiegezyklus, der im Anschluss an die erste, aufgrund errechneter Werte für den Stempel erfolgte Abkantung gefahren wird und - nach dem vollständigen Abheben des Stempels von dem Werkstück - eine messtechnische Erfassung des Werkstück-Istmaßes sowie Ermittlung der erforderlichen Zustellung des Stempels umfasst, ist der in Anwendung der Erfindung mögliche stetige und ruckelfreie aktive Dekompressionshub bis zum vollständigen Abheben des Werkzeugs vom Werkstück bzw. noch darüber hinaus ideal. Dies gilt erkennbar auch beim Durchfahren mehrerer Nachbiegezyklen im "Pendelbetrieb". Bei Umformprozessen, die infolge der spezifischen Werkstückgeometrie unter Einsatz von Biegehilfen erfolgen, erweist sie die vorliegende Erfindung ebenfalls als außerordentlich nützlich; denn die volle Bahnkontrolle bei der aktiven Dekompression ermöglicht eine kontrollierte Übergabe des Werkstücks an die Biegehilfe. Entsprechendes gilt für das kontrollierte Ablegen eines schweren Werkstücks (nach dessen Bearbeitung) auf eine Ablage unter Einwirkung des präzis-kontrolliert bewegten Werkzeugs; ein unkontrolliertes Umfallen des Werkstücks lässt sich so verhindern, was sowohl in sicherheitstechnischer Hinsicht als auch für die Qualität der Werkstück-Oberfläche vorteilhaft ist.All of the positive effects explained above are of very considerable advantage and benefit for various applications of the electrohydraulic drive unit in question here. In particular, it is also possible to design powder presses using drive units according to the invention, in which case the green compact is treated with particular care following the pressing, so that a particularly low defect and reject rate can be achieved. Because of its outstanding characteristic advantages, the present invention is also suitable very good for use with press brakes for sensor-controlled bending. Because for the post-bending cycle, which is performed following the first, due to calculated values for the stamp punched edge and - after the complete removal of the punch from the workpiece - a metrological detection of the workpiece actual size and determination of the required delivery of the stamp includes is the possible in application of the invention continuous and smooth active decompression decompression until the complete lifting of the tool from the workpiece or even beyond ideal. This is also evident when driving through several Nachbiegezyklen in "shuttle". In forming processes that occur due to the specific workpiece geometry using bending aids, it also proves the present invention to be extremely useful; because the full path control during active decompression allows a controlled transfer of the workpiece to the bending aid. The same applies to the controlled deposition of a heavy workpiece (after its processing) on a shelf under the action of the precision-controlled moving tool; an uncontrolled falling over of the workpiece can be prevented, which is advantageous both in terms of safety and for the quality of the workpiece surface.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst das hydraulische Dekompressionsmodul ein Lade-/Entladeventil, welches besonders bevorzugt in einem für die erste Verbindungsleitung und die zweite Verbindungsleitung gemeinsamen Leitungsstrang angeordnet ist. Mittels des besagten Lade-/Entladeventils lässt sich die effektive Interaktion des Hydraulikspeichers des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls mit dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum auf einen (bevorzugt kleinen) Anteil des Arbeitszyklus' (mehr oder weniger benachbart dem unteren Totpunkt des Kolbens) beschränken, so dass während des überwiegenden Anteils des jeweiligen Arbeitszyklus' der Hydraulikspeicher von dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum getrennt ist. Die nach dem Zuschalten des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls bei der weiteren Annäherung des Kolbens an den unteren Totpunkt aus dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum verdrängte Hydraulikflüssigkeit wird über die erste Verbindungsleitung in den Hydraulikspeicher des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls hinein verschoben. Der Punkt der effektiven Zuschaltung des Dekompressionsmoduls bei der Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens - durch Öffnen des Lade-/Entladeventils - wird dabei bevorzugt so gewählt, dass die in dem Hydraulikspeicher des Dekompressionsmoduls gespeicherte hydraulische Energie und das Volumen an gespeicherter Hydraulikflüssigkeit ausreicht, um den Kolben während der (einen aktiven "Rückhub-Schleichgang" einschließenden) Dekompressionsphase so weit anzuheben, dass zwischen Werkzeug und Werkstück kein Kontakt mehr besteht.According to a first preferred development of the present invention, the hydraulic decompression module comprises a charge / discharge valve, which is particularly preferably arranged in a common wiring harness for the first connection line and the second connection line. By means of said loading / unloading valve can be the effective interaction of the hydraulic accumulator of the hydraulic decompression module with the second hydraulic Restrict working space to a (preferably small) proportion of the duty cycle '(more or less adjacent the bottom dead center of the piston), so that during the majority of the respective working cycle' the hydraulic accumulator is separated from the second hydraulic working space. The displaced after the connection of the hydraulic decompression module in the further approach of the piston to the bottom dead center of the second hydraulic working space hydraulic fluid is moved via the first connecting line into the hydraulic accumulator of the hydraulic decompression module. The point of effective connection of the decompression module in the downward movement of the piston - by opening the load / unload valve - is preferably chosen so that the hydraulic energy stored in the hydraulic accumulator of the decompression module and the volume of stored hydraulic fluid is sufficient to the piston during the (an active "return stroke creeping" including) decompression phase to raise so far that no contact exists between the tool and workpiece.
Bei typischen Anwendungsfällen der Erfindung kann hierzu das entsprechende Zuschalten des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls über das Lade-/Entladeventil in der ohnehin vorhandenen Umschaltphase am Ende des - im Bremsbetrieb gefahrenen - Eilgangs (s. o.) erfolgen. Dies ist günstig im Hinblick auf die Möglichkeit einer zeitlich koordinierten Absperrung der Leitungsverbindung des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums zum Tank. Indessen ist dergleichen nicht zwingend; denn je nach dem individuellen Arbeitszyklus bietet ggf. auch eine spätere Zuschaltung des Dekompressionsmoduls erst während des Kraftgangs des Kolbens Vorteile. Eine Beschränkung des effektiven Zuschaltung des Dekompressionsmoduls auf den für das Erreichen der oben beschriebenen Vorteile erforderlichen Teil des Arbeitszyklus' wirkt sich unter anderem dahingehend positiv aus, dass der Hydraulikspeicher des Dekompressionsmoduls entsprechend klein ausgelegt werden kann. Dies hat nicht nur Kostenvorteile; auch ist diese angesichts der mitunter beengten Platzverhältnisse an der betreffenden Maschine günstig. Generell gilt (auch bei einer Zuschaltung des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls in der Umschaltphase vom Eilgang auf den Kraftgang), dass die Kapazität des Hydraulikspeichers des Dekompressionsmoduls wesentlich kleiner sein kann als das maximale Volumen des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums, beispielsweise nur weniger als 30% hiervon beträgt.In typical applications of the invention for this purpose, the corresponding connection of the hydraulic decompression module via the charge / discharge valve in the already existing switching phase at the end of - done in braking - rapid traverse (see above). This is favorable in view of the possibility of a timely coordinated shut-off of the line connection of the second hydraulic working space to the tank. However, such is not mandatory; because depending on the individual working cycle, a subsequent connection of the decompression module may also offer advantages during the power stroke of the piston. A limitation of the effective connection of the decompression module to that for the Achieving the above-described advantages required part of the working cycle 'has a positive effect, inter alia, that the hydraulic accumulator of the decompression module can be designed to be correspondingly small. This not only has cost advantages; Also, this is cheap given the sometimes cramped space conditions on the machine in question. Generally applies (even with a connection of the hydraulic decompression module in the switching phase of rapid traverse to the power path) that the capacity of the hydraulic accumulator of the decompression module may be substantially smaller than the maximum volume of the second hydraulic working space, for example, only less than 30% thereof.
Was die Zuschaltung des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls durch Öffnen des Lade-/Entladeventils angeht, so kann insbesondere - in abermals bevorzugter Weiterbildung - das Lade-/Entladeventil druckgesteuert öffnen, wobei die Steuerdruckleitung mit dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum kommuniziert. Das Dekompressionsmodul wird auf diese Weise, je nach dem vorgegebenen Schwellenwert, gleich zu Beginn oder aber während des Kraftgangs bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Druckwerts in dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum gewissermaßen automatisch zugeschaltet. Ist eine Zuschaltung gleich zu Beginn des Kraftgangs erwünscht, wird der das Lade-/Entladeventil schaltende Schwellenwert auf jenen Drucksprung abgestimmt, der sich im ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum beim Übergang vom Eilgang zum Kraftgang einstellt. Für eine spätere Zuschaltung des Dekompressionsmoduls während des Kraftgangs kann der das Lade-/Entladeventil schaltende Schwellenwert beispielsweise auf jenen Drucksprung abgestimmt werden, der sich beim Aufsetzen des Werkzeugs auf dem Werkstück einstellt. Durch Vorgabe eines noch höheren Schaltdrucks kann ggf. auch ein noch späterer Schaltpunkt eingestellt werden, nämlich mehr oder weniger gegen Ende des Kraftgangs bei entsprechend hohem Druck im ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum.As regards the connection of the hydraulic decompression module by opening the loading / unloading valve, the loading / unloading valve can in particular - in another preferred development - open in a pressure-controlled manner, wherein the control pressure line communicates with the first hydraulic working space. The decompression module is in this way automatically switched on, depending on the predetermined threshold value, at the beginning or during the power stroke upon reaching a predetermined pressure value in the first hydraulic working space. If a connection is desired right at the beginning of the power stroke, the threshold value switching the charge / discharge valve is matched to the pressure jump which occurs in the first hydraulic working space during the transition from rapid traverse to power transmission. For a later connection of the decompression module during the power stroke of the charge / discharge valve switching threshold can be tuned, for example, to that pressure jump, which occurs when the tool is placed on the workpiece. By presetting an even higher switching pressure, an even later switching point may possibly also be set, namely more or less towards the end of the power stroke at a correspondingly high pressure in the first hydraulic working space.
Das druckabhängige Zuschalten hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls durch druckgesteuertes Öffnen des Lade-/Entladeventils lässt sich beispielsweise durch eine unmittelbare hydraulische Betätigung des Lade-/Entladeventils über den Steuerdruck realisieren. Ein nennenswerter Vorteil einer solchen unmittelbaren Druckbetätigung des Lade-/Entladeventils besteht darin, dass die Maschinensteuerung keinen gesonderten, das Lade-/Entladeventil betätigenden Steuerausgang aufzuweisen braucht. Zweckmäßig kann im Einzelfall aber auch eine solche druckgesteuerte Betätigung des Lade-/Entladeventils sein, bei der der zur Steuerung des Lade-/Entladeventils herangezogene Druck mittels eines Sensors erfasst und der betreffende Messwert auf die Maschinensteuerung geschaltet wird, welche ihrerseits einen auf das Lade-/Entladeventil wirkenden, dieses betätigenden (insbesondere elektrischen) Stellantrieb ansteuert. Eine (unmittelbar oder mittelbar) druckgesteuerte Betätigung des Lade-/Entladeventils im vorstehenden Sinne ist allerdings nur eine der geeigneten Möglichkeiten, die vorliegende Erfindung zu implementieren. So kann das Lade-/Entladeventil beispielsweise auch manuell (z. B. mittels eines Fußpedals) oder durch einen anderweitig (z. B. status- oder ablaufgesteuert) durch die Maschinensteuerung gesteuerten elektrischen Stellantrieb betätigt werden. Letzteres kann im Einzelfall (z. B. auch unter Aspekten der "Notausfunktion", des apparativen Aufwands und der Dichtigkeit) die günstigste konkrete Umsetzung der vorliegenden Erfindung sein.The pressure-dependent connection hydraulic decompression module by pressure-controlled opening of the charge / discharge valve can be realized for example by an immediate hydraulic actuation of the charge / discharge via the control pressure. A significant advantage of such an immediate pressure actuation of the load / unload valve is that the machine controller need not have a separate control output operating the load / unload valve. In a particular case, however, such a pressure-controlled actuation of the charge / discharge valve may also be expedient in which the pressure used to control the charge / discharge valve is detected by means of a sensor and the respective measured value is switched to the engine control, which in turn sends a charge to the charge controller. / Discharge valve acting, this actuates (in particular electrical) actuator. However, a (directly or indirectly) pressure-controlled actuation of the charge / discharge valve in the above sense is only one of the suitable ways to implement the present invention. Thus, for example, the charge / discharge valve can also be actuated manually (eg by means of a foot pedal) or by an electric actuator controlled by the machine control system (for example, controlled by a status or sequence). The latter can be the most favorable concrete implementation of the present invention in an individual case (eg also under aspects of the "emergency stop function", the expenditure on equipment and the tightness).
Beim Übergang der Hydraulikpumpe in den Bremsbetrieb dergestalt, dass Hydraulikflüssigkeit gebremst aus dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum (über die im Bremsbetrieb arbeitende Hydraulikpumpe) in den Tank zurückströmt, ist das Dekompressionsmodul jeweils so lange effektiv (im Sinne einer Beaufschlagung des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums aus dem Hydraulikspeicher heraus über die zweite Verbindungsleitung), bis der Druck im ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum wieder unter den Schaltdruck des Lade-/Entladeventils sinkt. Von da ab verläuft der weitere Arbeitszyklus ohne Einwirkung des Dekompressionsmoduls. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung lässt sich somit, mit anderen Worten, erreichen, dass der Hydraulikspeicher während des Arbeitszyklus' selbsttätig nur während des Kraftgangs oder sogar nur eines Teils desselben, aus dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum heraus in dem Umfang geladen wird, wie es für die Beaufschlagung des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums aus dem Hydraulikspeicher über die zweite Verbindungsleitung während der Phase einer gesteuerten aktiven Dekompression (ggf. samt Rückhub-Schleichgang) erforderlich ist.At the transition of the hydraulic pump in the braking operation such that hydraulic fluid braked from the first hydraulic working space (on the in braking mode working hydraulic pump) flows back into the tank, the decompression module is effective as long (in terms of an admission of the second hydraulic working space from the hydraulic accumulator out over the second connecting line) until the pressure in the first hydraulic working space again below the switching pressure of the charge / discharge valve sinks. From there, the further working cycle runs without the action of the decompression module. In this configuration, in other words, it can thus be achieved that during the working cycle the hydraulic accumulator is automatically charged from the second hydraulic working space only during the force passage or even only a part thereof to the extent that is required for the application of the second hydraulic working space from the hydraulic accumulator via the second connecting line during the phase of a controlled active decompression (possibly with return stroke creep) is required.
Eine andere bevorzugte Weiterbildung der Erfindung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die mittels der Maschinensteuerung in einen Bremsbetrieb mit zum Pumpbetrieb umgekehrter Dreh- und Durchströmungsrichtung umsteuerbare Hydraulikpumpe als 2-Quadrantenpumpe ausgeführt ist. Diese Weiterbildung nutzt die Möglichkeit, für die Umsetzung des der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Konzepts vergleichsweise einfache, kostengünstige und zuverlässige Pumpentechnik einzusetzen.Another preferred development of the invention is characterized in that the hydraulic pump, which can be reversed by means of the machine control to a braking mode with the pumping operation reversed in the direction of rotation and flow, is designed as a 2-quadrant pump. This development makes use of the possibility of using comparatively simple, inexpensive and reliable pump technology for the implementation of the concept underlying the invention.
Gemäß einer abermals anderen bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist zwischen den Arbeitsanschluss der Hydraulikpumpe und die Ventilanordnung eine Filtereinheit geschaltet. Die Filtereinheit umfasst dabei einen Filter, der im Pumpbetrieb von der durch die Hydraulikpumpe geförderten Hydraulikflüssigkeit durchströmt wird. Im Bremsbetrieb wird die Hydraulikflüssigkeit über einen Bypass an der Filtereinheit vorbei geführt. Diese Anordnung und Ausgestaltung der Filtereinheit zeichnet sich durch eine besonders hohe Effizienz aus.
Im Folgenden wird die vorliegende Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten, in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, wobei
- Fig. 1
- einen Hydraulik-Schaltplan und
- Fig. 2
- ein Funktionsdiagramm des Ausführungsbeispiels zeigt.
In the following, the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawing, wherein
- Fig. 1
- a hydraulic circuit diagram and
- Fig. 2
- a functional diagram of the embodiment shows.
Die veranschaulichte elektrohydraulische Antriebseinheit, wie sie sich insbesondere zur Verwendung an einer Maschinenpresse wie beispielsweise einer Richt-, Biege- oder Abkantpresse oder aber einer Pulverpresse eignet, umfasst eine hydraulische Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung 1, eine mittels eines Elektromotors 2 drehzahlvariabel angetriebene Hydraulikpumpe 3 (2-Quadrantenpumpe) mit einem Tankanschluss T und einem Arbeitsanschluss P, einen Hydraulikflüssigkeit bevorratenden Tank 4, eine zwischen den Arbeitsanschluss P der Hydraulikpumpe 3 und die hydraulische Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung 1 geschaltete, mehrere elektrisch ansteuerbare Schaltventile S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 und S6 umfassende Ventilanordnung und - nicht gezeigt - eine auf die Schaltventile S1 - S6 und den Elektromotor 2 einwirkende Maschinensteuerung. Die Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung 1 ist doppeltwirkend ausgeführt; sie weist einen kolbenseitigen ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 5 und einen kolbenstangeseitigen zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 6 auf. Die Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung 1 ist dabei dergestalt mit senkrechter Bewegungsachse X des Kolbens 7 orientiert, dass der erste hydraulische Arbeitsraum 5 oberhalb des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums 6 angeordnet ist. Eine Druckbeaufschlagung des ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums 5 mittels der Hydraulikpumpe 3 resultiert in einer Abwärtsbewegung, die Druckbeaufschlagung des zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraums 6 indessen in einer Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 7. Zwischen den Tank 4 und den ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 5 der Zylinder-Kolben-Anordnung 1 ist ein Nachsaugventil 8 geschaltet, durch das hindurch der erste hydraulische Arbeitsraum 5 bei einer Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 7 im Eilgang mit Hydraulikflüssigkeit gefüllt wird.The illustrated electro-hydraulic drive unit, as it is particularly suitable for use on a machine press such as a straightening, bending or press brake or a powder press, comprises a hydraulic cylinder-
Die Antriebseinheit weist ein hydraulisches Dekompressionsmodul 9 auf. Dieses umfasst einen Hydraulikspeicher 10, der mit dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 6 über zwei unterschiedliche Verbindungsleitungen 11 und 12, welche allerdings streckenweise einen übereinstimmenden, gemeinsamen Leitungsstrang 13 mit einem darin angeordneten Lade-/Entladeventil 14 aufweisen, verbindbar ist. Einerseits ist der Hydraulikspeicher 10 des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls 9 mit dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 6 über eine erste Verbindungsleitung 11 mit einem Druckbegrenzungsventil 15 mit Durchströmungsrichtung vom zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 6 zum Hydraulikspeicher 10 verbindbar; die erste Verbindungsleitung 11 stellt somit eine "Ladeleitung" für den Hydraulikspeicher 10 dar. Und andererseits ist der Hydraulikspeicher 10 über eine zweite Verbindungsleitung 12 mit einem in Durchströmungsrichtung vom Hydraulikspeicher 10 zum zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 6 öffnenden Rückschlagventil 16 verbindbar; die zweite Verbindungsleitung 12 stellt somit eine "Entladeleitung" für den Hydraulikspeicher 10 dar.
Das Lade-/Entladeventil 14 öffnet (und schließt) dabei druckgesteuert, d. h. in Abhängigkeit von einem Steuerdruck, und zwar unmittelbar durch den Steuerdruck betätigt. Der Steuerdruck ist dabei der in dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 5 herrschende Druck. Hierzu kommuniziert die Steuerdruckleitung 17 des - als hydraulisch betätigbares Ventil ausgeführten - Lade-/Entladeventils 14 mit dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 5. Die Schaltdruckschwelle des Lade-/Entladeventils 14 ist dabei so eingestellt, dass dieses bereits bei dem sich (infolge des Druckbegrenzungsventils 15) zu Beginn des Kraftgangs in dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 5 einstellenden Druck öffnet.The drive unit has a hydraulic decompression module 9. This comprises a
The charge /
Die Betätigung der Schaltventile S1 - S6 der Ventilanordnung sowie des Elektromotors 2 durch die Maschinensteuerung sowie die sich ergebende Bewegung des Kolbens 7 zwischen dem oberen Totpunkt (OT) und dem unteren Totpunkt während eines vollständigen Arbeitszyklus' ist in dem Funktionsdiagramm nach
- I: Halten des Kolbens im oberen Totpunkt,
- II: Abwärts-Eilgang des Kolbens,
- III: Umschaltphase
- IV: Abwärts-Kraftgang des Kolbens,
- V: Halten des Kolbens im unteren Totpunkt und
- VI: Dekompression (samt aktivem Aufwärts-Kriechgang) und
- VII: Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens im Eilgang durchführen.
- I: holding the piston at top dead center,
- II: downward rapid traverse of the piston,
- III: Switchover phase
- IV: downward force passage of the piston,
- V: Holding the piston at bottom dead center and
- VI: decompression (with active upward crawl) and
- VII: perform upward movement of the piston at high speed.
Die Darstellung der Schalt- und Betriebszustände ist dabei teilweise schematisch, namentlich in dem Sinne, dass statt der weiter oben erläuterten allmählichen Veränderung der Drehzahl des Elektromotors eine sprunghafte Veränderung gezeigt ist. Dementsprechend ist auch die Kolbenbewegung durch Unstetigkeiten geprägt.The representation of the switching and operating states is partially schematic, especially in the sense that instead of the above-mentioned gradual change in the rotational speed of the electric motor, a sudden change is shown. Accordingly, the piston movement is characterized by discontinuities.
Bedarfsweise kann zwischen der Dekompressionsphase (VI) und der Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens im Eilgang (VII) eine zusätzliche Phase "Langsam-Aufwärts" vorgesehen werden. Hierzu wird der die Hydraulikpumpe 3 antreibende Elektromotor 2 zunächst mit gegenüber der Phase Aufwärts-Eilgang (VII) reduzierter Drehzahl betrieben; und das Nachsaugventil 8 wird, indem das Schaltventil S5 zunächst ebenso bestromt bleibt wie während der Phasen II - VI, zunächst noch nicht auf Durchlauf geschaltet, so dass die Hydraulikflüssigkeit durch die Ventilanordnung hindurch aus dem ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum 5 in den Tank 4 verdrängt wird.If necessary, an additional "slow-up" phase can be provided between the decompression phase (VI) and the upward movement of the piston at rapid traverse (VII). For this purpose, the
Zur effektiven Reinigung der Hydraulikflüssigkeit ist zwischen den Arbeitsanschluss P der Hydraulikpumpe 3 und die Ventilanordnung eine Filtereinheit 18 geschaltet, mittels derer im Pumpbetrieb der Hydraulikpumpe 3 die gesamte von letzterer geförderte Hydraulikflüssigkeit durch den Filter 19 gereinigt wird. Nur bei Verstopfung des Filters 19 strömt die von der Hydraulikpumpe 3 geförderte Hydraulikflüssigkeit über den "kleinen" Bypass 20, in dem das Rückschlagventil 21 wie ein Druckbegrenzungsventil wirkt und bei beladenem bzw. verstopften Filter 19 öffnet, um einem Filterbruch vorzubeugen. Im Bremsbetrieb der Hydraulikpumpe 3 strömt die Hydraulikflüssigkeit über den "großen" Bypass 22 mit dem Rückschlagventil 23 an der Filtereinheit 18 vorbei.For effective cleaning of the hydraulic fluid, a
Bei der in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten Ausführungsform der Erfindung schaltet sich, wie dargelegt, das hydraulische Dekompressionsmodul - infolge des dann im ersten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum auftretenden sprunghaften Druckanstiegs - zu Beginn des Kraftgangs, d. h. in der Umschaltphase zu, wobei zeitgleich - durch gesteuertes Schließen des Schaltventils S2 - die Abströmung des aus dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum verdrängten Flüssigkeit zum Tank unterbunden wird. Eine weiter oben näher erläuterte Verlagerung des Zuschaltens des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls auf einen späteren Betriebspunkt (beispielsweise den durch das Aufsetzen des Werkzeugs auf dem Werkstück charakterisierten "Klemmpunkt") durch Vorgabe einer dementsprechend höheren Schaltdruckschwelle für das Lade-/Entladeventil ginge Hand in Hand mit einer Modifikation des Hydrauliksystems. Und zwar bliebe in diesem Falle das Schaltventil S2 entsprechend länger, d. h. zumindest noch während eines ersten Teils des Kraftgangs geöffnet; und zweckmäßigerweise würde simultan zum Zuschalten des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls (durch hydraulisches Öffnen des Lade-/Entladeventils) mittels eines ebenfalls druckgesteuerten, zum Schaltventil S2 in Reihe geschalteten Ventils die Abströmung des aus dem zweiten hydraulischen Arbeitsraum verdrängten Flüssigkeit zum Tank unterbunden.In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawing, as set forth, the hydraulic decompression module - due to the then occurring in the first hydraulic working space sudden pressure increase - at the beginning of the power path, ie in the switching phase, wherein at the same time - by controlled closing of the switching valve S2 - The outflow of the displaced from the second hydraulic working space liquid is suppressed to the tank. A further explained above shift of the connection of the hydraulic decompression module to a later operating point (for example, characterized by the placement of the tool on the workpiece "clamping point") by specifying a correspondingly higher switching pressure threshold for the loading / unloading would go hand in hand with a modification of the hydraulic system. In fact, in this case, the switching valve S2 would remain correspondingly longer, that is, at least still open during a first part of the power stroke; and expediently, would simultaneously for switching on the hydraulic decompression module (by hydraulic opening of the charge / discharge valve) by means of a likewise pressure-controlled, switched to the switching valve S2 in series valve, the outflow of the displaced from the second hydraulic working chamber liquid to the tank prevented.
Wird das Lade-/Entladeventil des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls nicht, wie nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel, hydraulisch betätigt, sondern vielmehr elektrisch gesteuert, ließe sich besonders einfach eine entsprechende koordinierte Zuschaltung des hydraulischen Dekompressionsmoduls bei gleichzeitigem Sperren des Ablaufs zum Tank (z. B. ortsgesteuert) an jedem beliebigen Betriebspunkt des Kraftgangs realisieren. In diesem Falle ließe sich die jeweilige Verfahrensführung problemlos bedarfsbezogen im Sinne größtmöglicher Effizienz optimieren.If the charge / discharge valve of the hydraulic decompression module is not hydraulically actuated as in the exemplary embodiment, but rather controlled electrically, it would be particularly easy to activate a corresponding coordinated activation of the hydraulic decompression module while simultaneously blocking the drain to the tank (eg, location-controlled) realize any operating point of the power path. In this case, the respective process management could easily be optimized according to demand in the sense of the greatest possible efficiency.
Claims (11)
- An electrohydraulic drive unit, particularly for use on a machine press, comprising- a piston-cylinder assembly (1) with a first hydraulic working chamber (5) on the piston side and a second hydraulic working chamber (6) on the piston rod side,- a tank (4) for storing hydraulic fluid,- a hydraulic pump (3), which is driven with variable rotational speed by means of an electric motor (2) and has a tank connection point (T) and a working connection point (P),- a valve assembly, which is connected between the working connection point (P) of the hydraulic pump (3) and the piston-cylinder assembly (1) and comprises multiple switching valves (S1-S6) that can be activated electrically,- an anti-cavitation valve (8), which is connected between the tank (4) and the first hydraulic working chamber (5) of the piston-cylinder assembly (1),- and a machine controller, which acts upon the switching valves (S1-S6) and the electric motor (2) and by means of which the switching valves (S1-S6) can be switched between loading of the first hydraulic working chamber (5) and loading of the second hydraulic working chamber (6) of the piston-cylinder assembly (1) in the pumping mode of the hydraulic pump (3) from its working connection point (P),characterized by a hydraulic decompression module (9) with a hydraulic accumulator (10), which can be connected to the second hydraulic working chamber (6) via a first connecting line (11) with a pressure limiting valve (15) having a flow direction from the second hydraulic working chamber (6) to the hydraulic accumulator (10) and via a second connecting line (12) with a check valve (16) opening in the flow direction from the hydraulic accumulator (10) to the second hydraulic working chamber (6).
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic decompression module (9) comprises a loading/unloading valve (14).
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the loading/unloading valve (14) is arranged in a common line section (13) of the first connecting line (11) and the second connecting line (12).
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the loading/unloading valve (14) opens in a pressure-controlled manner, wherein the control pressure line (17) communicates with the first hydraulic working chamber (5).
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the loading/unloading valve (14) is realized in a pressure-actuated manner.
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to claim 4, characterized in that the loading/unloading valve (14) can be actuated by a pressure-controlled actuating drive.
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the loading/unloading valve (14) can be actuated by a sequentially controlled actuating drive, which communicates with the machine controller.
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the loading/unloading valve (14) is actuated manually.
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the piston-cylinder assembly (1) is arranged such that the motion axis (X) of the piston (7) is at least essentially oriented vertically, wherein the first hydraulic working chamber (5) is arranged above the second hydraulic working chamber (6).
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that a filter unit (18) is connected between the working connection point (P) of the hydraulic pump (3) and the valve assembly.
- The electrohydraulic drive unit according to one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (3) is realized in the form of a 2-quadrant pump and can be switched into a braking mode, in which the rotating and flow directions are reversed with respect to the pumping mode, by means of the machine controller.
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DE102016118853.0A DE102016118853B3 (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2016-10-05 | Electrohydraulic drive unit |
PCT/EP2017/065630 WO2018065130A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2017-06-26 | Electrohydraulic drive unit |
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EP3356683B1 true EP3356683B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
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US (1) | US10662976B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3356683B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6875511B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109790855B (en) |
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ES (1) | ES2715207T3 (en) |
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DE102017129618B4 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2021-03-18 | Parker Hannifin EMEA S.à.r.l | Die cushion device |
DE102019209440B3 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2020-07-30 | HAWE Altenstadt Holding GmbH | Hydromechanical linear converter |
DE102021123910A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-16 | HMS - Hybrid Motion Solutions GmbH | Hydraulic drive system with a 4Q pump unit |
DE102021123914A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2023-03-16 | HMS - Hybrid Motion Solutions GmbH | Hydraulic drive system with a 2x2Q pump unit |
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CN109790855B (en) | 2020-09-08 |
US20190170163A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
US10662976B2 (en) | 2020-05-26 |
DE102016118853B3 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
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JP6875511B2 (en) | 2021-05-26 |
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