EP3349303A1 - Kombinationsantenne - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an antenna device (10) having a substrate (11) with a first main side (11A) and a second main side (11B) opposite the first main side (11A), wherein on the second main side (11B) of the substrate (11) at least a metallization (12) is arranged in sections, wherein on the first main side (11A) of the substrate (11) at least one planar antenna (14) and at least one three-dimensional antenna (13) are arranged, wherein the planar antenna (14) in a plane ( 15) extends parallel to one of the two major sides (11A, 11B) of the substrate (11), and wherein the three-dimensional antenna (13) is at least partially spaced from the first major side (11A) of the substrate (11), and wherein the three-dimensional antenna (13) and the flat antenna (14) are electrically connected to each other and a) have a common signal feed section (16) or b) the three-dimensional antenna (13) and the flat antenna (14) series ll are coupled.

Description

The invention relates to an antenna device and in particular to an antenna device having at least one flat antenna and at least one three-dimensional antenna.

The antenna device according to the invention is based on the inventor, Dr. med. Ivan Ndip, also referred to below as the Ndip antenna.

Conventional antennas, such as monopole antennas, dipole antennas, patch antennas, bondwire antennas, etc. emit most of their energy primarily in a preferred direction, i. either in the vertical direction (elevation plane) or in the horizontal direction (azimuthal plane).

For example, a patch antenna is one of the directional flat antennas that radiate most of their energy in the vertical direction. A known patch antenna is for example in Figure 1A displayed. FIG. 1B shows the associated directional characteristics, it being recognized that little to no radiation in the horizontal plane (represented by the points A and B) is emitted. For this reason, communication at this level is very difficult if not impossible.

To circumvent this problem, some solution concepts have already been proposed in the prior art. For example, in Figure 1C a known from the prior art antenna assembly 5 shown. This antenna arrangement 5 has four individual flat antennas 1, 2, 3, 4, which are arranged symmetrically around a power distribution unit 6.

As in FIG. 1D can be seen, the four individual antennas 1, 2, 3, 4 are folded into a cube, each of the four flat antennas each forms a cube side. Thus, this antenna cube radiates in the corresponding four directions.

The disadvantage here, however, that the individual antennas with each other by means of electronic components, such as phase shifter or phase rectifier, switches and the like, must be controlled in order to radiate their performance in the preferred direction without destructive interference among themselves or to be able to receive.

It is an object of the present invention to improve antenna devices in such a way that they have the most advantageous emission characteristics with a simultaneously simple structure.

This object is achieved by an antenna device having the features of claim 1.

The antenna device (Ndip antenna) according to the invention has a substrate with a first main side and a second main side opposite the first main side, wherein a metallization is arranged at least in sections on the second main side of the substrate. At least one flat antenna is arranged on the first main side of the substrate. A flat antenna is an antenna whose length and width are significantly larger than their thickness. Flat antennas thus extend primarily in one plane, ie in at least two different spatial directions, for example in an x-direction and a y-direction. The flat antennas may include patch antennas, panel antennas and microstrip antennas, for example. Flat antennas are usually arranged flat on a substrate. They can also have a directional radiation characteristic, wherein the preferred direction of the radiation is usually directed in the vertical direction away from the surface of the planar antenna. In the antenna device according to the invention, at least one three-dimensional antenna is additionally arranged on the first main side of the substrate. A three-dimensional antenna extends primarily three-dimensionally in space, ie in at least one further spatial direction, for example in a z-direction, compared to the planar antenna. The three-dimensional antenna thus extends at least in one of the two spatial directions (eg x-direction and / or y-direction), which span the plane of extent (eg xy plane) of the planar antenna and additionally in a different spatial direction (eg z-direction ). It can therefore be said that the planar antenna extends in a plane parallel to one of the two main sides of the substrate, while the three-dimensional antenna is at least partially spaced from the first main side of the substrate. According to the invention, the three-dimensional antenna and the planar antenna are galvanically connected to one another. In this case, according to a first case, the two antennas either have a common signal feed-in section, or the two antennas are serially coupled according to a second case. In both cases, both antennas are fed with the same signal. The advantage with this invention is that the emission characteristic of the flat antenna can be advantageously combined with the emission characteristic of the three-dimensional antenna. The flat antenna shines preferably in (relative to the substrate plane) from vertical direction, while the three-dimensional antenna preferably radiates in (with respect to the substrate plane) horizontal direction. According to the invention, the two antennas are combined in such a way that the radiation coupling between the two antennas is lowest where they have their extreme field strength values. For example, one of the two antennas has a current maximum at the point where the other of the two antennas has a current minimum. Thus, there is a minimum radiation coupling of the two antennas with each other. Accordingly, there is no destructive interference but constructive interference. Such a suitable combination can be influenced, for example, by judicious choice of the geometric lengths of the two antennas.

Conceivable further embodiments of the invention described herein are defined in the dependent claims.

Fig. 1A

eine Perspektivansicht einer bekannten Patchantenne aus dem Stand der Technik,

Fig. 1B

eine Richtcharakteristik der Patchantenne aus Figur 1A,

Fig. 1C

eine Draufsicht auf eine flach ausgebreitete dreidimensionale Antenne aus dem Stand der Technik,

Fig. 1D

eine Perspektivansicht auf die zusammengesetzte dreidimensionale Antenne aus Figur 1C,

Fig. 2A

eine Perspektivansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antenne gemäß eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels,

Fig. 2B

eine Draufsicht auf die Ndip-Antenne aus Figur 2A,

Fig. 2C

eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antenne mit kapazitiver Kopplung zwischen der dreidimensionalen Antenne und der Rückseitenmetallisierung,

Fig. 2D

eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antenne mit galvanischer Kopplung zwischen der dreidimensionalen Antenne und der Rückseitenmetallisierung mittels einer Durchkontaktierung (Via),

Fig. 3

ein Diagramm, das die Stromdichteverteilung einer dreidimensionalen Antenne und einer Flachantenne zeigt, die beide Bestandteil der erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antenne sind,

Fig. 4A

eine Flachantenne und das zugehörige Antennendiagramm,

Fig. 4B

eine dreidimensionale Antenne und das zugehörige Antennendiagramm,

Fig. 4C

eine erfindungsgemäße Ndip-Antenne und das zugehörige Antennendiagramm,

Fig. 4D

eine Übersicht der Antennendiagramme einer dreidimensionalen Antenne, einer Flachantenne und einer erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antenne,

Fig. 5A

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Ndip-Antenne gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels,

Fig. 5B

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Ndip-Antenne gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels,

Fig. 5C

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Ndip-Antenne gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels,

Fig. 5D

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Ndip-Antenne gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels,

Fig. 6

eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Ndip-Antenne gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels,

Fig. 7

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Antennenarray mit zwei erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antennen,

Fig. 8A

eine Draufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Antennenarray mit n erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antennen,

Fig. 8B

eine Perspektivansicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Antennenarray mit drei erfindungsgemäßen Ndip-Antennen auf einem gemeinsamen Substrat,

Fig. 9A

eine schematische Seitenschnittansicht einer Antennenvorrichtung gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels, die ein Gehäuse umfasst, und

Fig. 9B

eine schematische Seitenschnittansicht einer Antennenvorrichtung gemäß eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels, bei der das Gehäuse als eine ein Funksignal bündelnde oder streuende Struktur gebildet ist.

Some exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained below. Show it:

Fig. 1A

a perspective view of a known patch antenna of the prior art,

Fig. 1B

a directional characteristic of the patch antenna Figure 1A .

Fig. 1C

a top view of a flat spread three-dimensional antenna of the prior art,

Fig. 1D

a perspective view of the composite three-dimensional antenna Figure 1C .

Fig. 2A

a perspective view of an inventive Ndip antenna according to a first embodiment,

Fig. 2B

a plan view of the Ndip antenna FIG. 2A .

Fig. 2C

a side view of an inventive Ndip antenna with capacitive coupling between the three-dimensional antenna and the backside metallization,

Fig. 2D

a side view of an inventive Ndip antenna with galvanic coupling between the three-dimensional antenna and the backside metallization by means of a via (via),

Fig. 3

a diagram showing the current density distribution of a three-dimensional antenna and a planar antenna, which are both part of the Ndip antenna according to the invention,

Fig. 4A

a flat antenna and the associated antenna diagram,

Fig. 4B

a three-dimensional antenna and the associated antenna diagram,

Fig. 4C

an Ndip antenna according to the invention and the associated antenna diagram,

Fig. 4D

an overview of the antenna diagrams of a three-dimensional antenna, a flat antenna and an inventive Ndip antenna,

Fig. 5A

a top view of an inventive Ndip antenna according to an embodiment,

Fig. 5B

a top view of an inventive Ndip antenna according to another embodiment,

Fig. 5C

a top view of an inventive Ndip antenna according to another embodiment,

Fig. 5D

a top view of an inventive Ndip antenna according to another embodiment,

Fig. 6

a top view of an inventive Ndip antenna according to another embodiment,

Fig. 7

a top view of an inventive antenna array with two Ndip antennas according to the invention,

Fig. 8A

a top view of an inventive antenna array with N inventive Ndip antennas,

Fig. 8B

a perspective view of an inventive antenna array with three Ndip antennas according to the invention on a common substrate,

Fig. 9A

a schematic side sectional view of an antenna device according to an embodiment comprising a housing, and

Fig. 9B

a schematic side sectional view of an antenna device according to another embodiment, in which the housing is formed as a radio signal bundling or scattering structure.

In the following, preferred embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the figures, wherein elements with the same or similar function are provided with the same reference numerals. The antenna device 10 according to the invention is based on the inventor, Dr. med. Ivan Ndip, hereinafter also referred to as Ndip antenna.

The FIGS. 2A and 2 B show an inventive Ndip antenna 10 according to a first embodiment. The Ndip antenna 10 has a substrate 11 having a first main side 11A and a second main side 11B opposite the first main side 11A.

On the second main side 11B of the substrate 11, a metallization 12 is arranged at least in sections.

At least one flat antenna 14 and at least one three-dimensional antenna 13 are arranged on the first main side 11A of the substrate 11. The flat antenna 14 may be, for example, a patch antenna. The three-dimensional antenna 13 may be, for example, a ribbon bond antenna. In the in the FIGS. 2A and 2 B illustrated embodiment, the three-dimensional antenna 13 is a thin wire, such as a bonding wire.

The planar antenna 14 extends in a plane 15 parallel to one of the two major sides 11A, 11B of the substrate 11. That is, the planar antenna 14 is arranged flat on the surface of the first main side 11A of the substrate 11. In other words, the substrate 11 and the planar antenna 14 arranged thereon extend in an X-Y plane with respect to the drawn coordinate system, wherein the planar antenna 14 may preferably be arranged along the entire first main side 11A of the substrate 11 on the same.

The three-dimensional antenna 13 is at least partially spaced from the first main side 11A of the substrate 11. That is, the three-dimensional antenna 13 extends from a first point 13A on the surface of the first main side 11A of FIG Substrate 11 to a second point 13 B on the surface of the first main side 11 A of the substrate 11 and is spaced between these two points 13 A, 13 B from the surface of the first main side 11 A of the substrate 11. The three-dimensional antenna 13 is here in the vertical direction, or in a Z-direction with respect to the drawn coordinate system, spaced from the planar antenna 14 and from the surface of the first main side 11A of the substrate 11.

The three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 are arranged symmetrically along a common straight line 51. The common straight line 51 runs parallel to the three-dimensional antenna 13 and, in particular, the three-dimensional antenna 13 lies exactly on this common straight line 51. The common straight line 51 also extends centrally through the planar antenna 14

The three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 are galvanically connected to each other. In the in the FIGS. 2A and 2 B In the illustrated embodiment, the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 have a common signal feed section 16. The three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 are galvanically connected to each other at this signal feed section 16.

A signal is fed to the common signal feed-in section 16 so that the same signal is applied to both the flat antenna 14 and the three-dimensional antenna 13. The flat antenna 14 and the three-dimensional antenna 13 are connected in parallel with each other in this configuration.

Alternative embodiments of the invention provide that the two antennas 13, 14 are serially coupled. Corresponding embodiments will be described later with reference to FIGS FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C be explained in more detail.

First, however, the description of the invention with reference to the FIGS. 2A and 2 B respectively.

As can be seen, a first attachment portion 17 is disposed on the first main side 11A of the substrate 11. The three-dimensional antenna 13 has a first attachment portion 13A to which the three-dimensional antenna 13 is galvanically connected to the first attachment portion 17. The attachment area 17 can be a bond pad, for example. The first attachment portion 13A of FIG Three-dimensional antenna 13 is mechanically fastened to this attachment area 17.

The three-dimensional antenna 13 also has a second attachment portion 13B that electrically and mechanically connects the three-dimensional antenna 13 to the common signal feeding portion 16. Alternatively, the second attachment portion 13B may also serve to galvanically and mechanically connect the three-dimensional antenna 13 to the planar antenna 14, such as in FIG FIG. 5C shown.

In the in the FIGS. 2A and 2 B In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second attachment portions 13A, 13B of the three-dimensional antenna 13 are the respective tips of the bonding wire 13. Thus, the bonding wire 13 has its two wire ends or wire tips 13A, 13B on the planar antenna 14 and arranged on the mounting portion 17.

The first attachment portion 17 is disposed opposite to the planar signal feed portion 16 with respect to the planar antenna 14, the three-dimensional antenna 13 extending at least in sections across the planar antenna 14 between the common signal feed portion 16 and the first attachment portion 17, and in a Z direction, i.e., a Z direction. orthogonal to the substrate plane (= X-Y plane) is spaced from the planar antenna 14.

It can therefore be said that the three-dimensional antenna 13 extends at a distance from the planar antenna 14 over the entire planar antenna 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the three-dimensional antenna 13 is stretched arcuately over the planar antenna 14 away.

The flat antenna 14 has a geometric length L, which in the FIGS. 2A and 2 B designated by the reference numeral 21. Orthogonal to the current flow direction or to a main extension direction 21 of the planar antenna 14, various positions 22, 23, 24 are shown, at which the geometric length L of the planar antenna is indicated as a function of the wavelength λ of the injected signal.

entspricht. Die Gerade 24 markiert eine Position L₃, an der die geometrische Länge der Flachantenne 14 einer Wellenlänge von $L_3=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

entspricht.For example, the straight line 22 marks a position L ₁ at which the geometric length of the planar antenna 14 is equal to zero (L ₁ = 0). The straight line 23 marks a position L ₂ at which the geometric length of the planar antenna 14 has a wavelength of ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

equivalent. The straight line 24 marks a position L ₃ at which the geometric length of the planar antenna 14 has a wavelength of ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="L"\; filenames="imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_3=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{2}$

equivalent.

As in particular in FIG. 2A can be seen, the three-dimensional antenna 13 approximately in the middle of a first vertical, ie orthogonal to the substrate plane 15 directed, spacing 26 from the first main side 11A of the substrate 11. Since the three-dimensional antenna 13, as mentioned above, arcuately stretched over the flat antenna 14, the three-dimensional antenna 13 each left and right of its center a second vertical spacing 25 and a third vertical spacing 27.

der Flachantenne 14 entspricht, eine erste orthogonal zur Substratebene gerichtete Beabstandung 26 von der Flachantenne 14 auf. Ferner weist die dreidimensionale Antenne 13 an einer Position, die einer geometrischen Länge L ₁ = 0 oder $L_3=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

der Flachantenne 14 entspricht, eine zweite bzw. dritte orthogonal zur Substratebene gerichtete Beabstandung 25, 27 von der Flachantenne 14 auf, wobei der Betrag der ersten Beabstandung 26 größer ist als der Betrag der zweiten bzw. dritten Beabstandung 25, 27.More specifically, the three-dimensional antenna 13 has a position of a geometric length $L_{}$${}_2=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

the flat antenna 14 corresponds to a first orthogonal to the substrate plane spacing 26 from the planar antenna 14. Further, the three-dimensional antenna 13 at a position corresponding to a geometric length L ₁ = 0 or ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="L"\; filenames="imgf0002.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_3=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{2}$

the flat antenna 14 corresponds to a second or third orthogonal to the substrate plane spacing 25, 27 of the planar antenna 14, wherein the amount of the first spacing 26 is greater than the amount of the second or third spacing 25, 27th

auf, d.h. die dreidimensionale Antenne 13 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein λ/2-Strahler. Die dreidimensionale Antenne 13 weist somit etwa in der Mitte 28 ihrer Gesamtlänge $L_{3D}=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

eine geometrische Länge $L_4=\frac{\lambda }{4}$

auf.The three-dimensional antenna 13 has an overall length of $L_{3D}=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{2}$

ie, the three-dimensional antenna 13 is a λ / 2 radiator in this embodiment. The three-dimensional antenna 13 thus has approximately in the middle 28 of its total length $L_{3D}=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

a geometric length $L_{}$${}_4=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

on.

aufweist, derjenigen Stelle an der die Flachantenne 14 eine geometrische Länge von $L_2=\frac{\lambda }{4}$

aufweist, gegenüber. Das heißt, die dreidimensionale Antenne 13 und die Flachantenne 14 sind derart zueinander ausgerichtet, dass sie sich genau dort gegenüber liegen, wo beide Antennen 13, 14 jeweils eine geometrische Länge von $L_2=L_4=\frac{\lambda }{4}$

aufweisen. Darüber hinaus kann die dreidimensionale Antenne 13 an genau dieser Stelle die größte vertikale Beabstandung 26 von der Flachantenne 14 aufweisen.As in the FIGS. 2A and 2 B can be seen, the center 28 of the three-dimensional antenna 13, that is, the point 28 at which the three-dimensional antenna 13 is a geometric length $L_{}$${}_4=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

has, that point at which the flat antenna 14 has a geometric length of ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

facing, opposite. That is, the three-dimensional Antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 are aligned with each other so that they are located exactly opposite where both antennas 13, 14 each have a geometric length of ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="L"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_2={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="L"\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_4=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

exhibit. In addition, the three-dimensional antenna 13 may have the largest vertical spacing 26 from the flat antenna 14 at just that location.

In general, in the Ndip antenna 10 according to the invention, at least the flat antenna 14 or at least the three-dimensional antenna 13 can be galvanically or capacitively coupled to the metallization 12 on the second main side 11B of the substrate 11.

In other words, either the planar antenna 14 or the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be coupled to the metallization 12, or both the planar antenna 14 and the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be coupled to the metallization 12.

The coupling may be, for example, a capacitive coupling, as in FIG Figure 2C shown. In this case, the respective antenna 13, 14 could be capacitively coupled to the metallization 12 on the second major side 11B of the substrate 11 due to the displacement current density 29 passing through the dielectric substrate 11. The capacitive coupling or the quality of the capacitive coupling is dependent on the frequency of the injected signal.

The coupling can also be, for example, a galvanic coupling, as in FIG. 2D shown. In this case, the respective antenna 13, 14 could be galvanically coupled to the metallization 12, for example, by means of a via 30 extending through the substrate 11, a so-called via 30.

In the in the FIGS. 2A and 2 B In the illustrated embodiment, the attachment region 17 is capacitively coupled to the metallization 12.

If the three-dimensional antenna 13 is galvanically connected to the attachment region 17, the three-dimensional antenna 13 is thus also electrically coupled to the metallization 12.

The metallization 12 can serve as a reflector. The metallization 12 can also serve as a current-carrying return line. FIG. 3 shows an approximate schematic representation of the current profile or the current density distribution along an antenna 13, 14 over the geometric length L as a function of the wavelength λ a common radio signal. The diagram forms the signal curve at the two in FIG. 2A imaged antennas 13, 14, both antennas 13, 14 are fed with the same signal.

The curve 31 depicts an approximated current profile in the three-dimensional antenna 13. The curve 32 represents an approximated current profile in the planar antenna 14.

wobei L_3D die auf der x-Achse angetragene geometrische Länge der dreidimensionalen Antenne 13 in Abhängigkeit der Wellenlänge λ ist.Since the three-dimensional antenna 13 is short-circuited, its current waveform 31 is proportional to the magnitude of the cosine function $\left|\cos \right|$$\left|\frac{2{\mathit{\pi L}}_{3D}}{\lambda }\right|.$

where L _{3D is} the geometric length of the three-dimensional antenna 13 plotted on the x-axis as a function of the wavelength λ.

wobei L_FLAT die auf der x-Achse angetragene geometrische Länge der dreidimensionalen Antenne 13 in Abhängigkeit der Wellenlänge λ ist.On the other hand, since the flat antenna 14 is not completed, its current waveform 32 is proportional to the amount of the sine function $\left|\sin \right|$$\left|\frac{2{\mathit{\pi L}}_{\mathit{FLAT}}}{\lambda }\right|.$

wherein L _{FLAT is} the geometric length of the three-dimensional antenna 13 plotted on the x-axis as a function of the wavelength λ.

dreht sich dieses Verhältnis um, d.h. die Kurve 31 weist hier ein Stromstärkeminimum auf, während die Kurve 32 hier ein Stromstärkemaximum aufweist. An der Stelle $L=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

dreht sich dieses Verhältnis abermals um, d.h. die Kurve 31 weist hier ein Stromstärkemaximum auf, während die Kurve 32 hier ein Stromstärkeminimum aufweist. Somit kommt es zu konstruktiven Interferenzen.As in the in FIG. 3 can be seen diagram, the curve 31 at the point L = 0 to a current maximum. The curve 32, however, has a current minimum at this point L = 0. At the point $L=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

If this ratio turns around, that is, the curve 31 has a current minimum here, while the curve 32 here has a current maximum. At the point $L=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{2}$

This ratio turns around again, ie the curve 31 has a current maximum here, while the curve 32 has a current minimum here. This leads to constructive interference.

More generally, the planar antenna 14 and the three-dimensional antenna 13 each have a geometric length L _3D , L _FLAT , in which, when the flat antenna 14 and the three-dimensional antenna 13 are fed with the same signal, a current density distribution in the form of a standing wave 32 _sets along the geometric length L _{FLAT of} the planar antenna 14, a phase offset 33 with respect to a in the three-dimensional antenna 13 adjusting current density distribution in the form of a standing wave 31 along the geometric Length L _{3D of} the three-dimensional antenna 13, wherein the amount of the phase offset | Δ φ = 90 ° | ± 20%, or | Δ φ = 90 ° | ± 10%, and preferably 90 °.

In order to ensure that the emission characteristic of the Ndip antenna 10 according to the invention represents a true hybrid of the two individual antennas 13, 14, the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the planar antenna 14 are combined in such a way that a coupling between the two antennas 13, 14 is minimal at those points is where they each have their maximum field strength values. This then results in constructive interference, as in FIG. 3 is shown.

For example, the in FIG. 2A shown three-dimensional antenna 13 and the planar antenna 14 may be two resonant antennas. That is, the flat antenna 14 is tuned to a first resonant frequency and the three-dimensional antenna 13 is tuned to a second resonant frequency. The two resonance frequencies are preferably the same.

However, the two resonance frequencies can also have a certain tolerance range, i. the first and second resonance frequencies may be slightly different. According to one embodiment of the Ndip antenna, the first and second resonance frequencies deviate from each other by less than 5%. The smaller the deviation, the higher the antenna gain that can be achieved with the Ndip antenna.

According to another embodiment, the first and second resonance frequencies deviate by 5% or more. According to a conceivable embodiment, the first and the second resonant frequency simultaneously deviate from each other by less than 30%. Thus, broadbandness of the Ndip antenna can be achieved, i. the greater the deviation of the first and second resonance frequencies, the greater becomes the achievable broadband spectrum. It is, so to speak, a multi-band Ndip antenna feasible.

und bei $L=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

minimal ist.The two antennas 13, 14 are combined according to the above description such that their mutual coupling at L = 0, at $L=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

and at $L=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{2}$

is minimal.

If the aforementioned criteria are satisfied in the combination of the flat antenna 14 with the three-dimensional antenna 13, then the respective Abstrahlcharakteristiken these two antennas 13, 14 are optimally combined. In addition, no complex circuits or phase shifters are required in order to further adapt the phase position of the two antenna signals 31, 32.

The two antennas 13, 14 thus influence each other as little as possible, so that the in FIG. 3 shown signal waveform with a phase shift of 90 °, or in other words, when the radiation coupling of the two antennas 13, 14 is minimal where one of the two antennas 13, 14 has its power maximum.

entspricht.According to embodiments of the invention, the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the planar antenna 14 are designed such that both the geometric length L _{FLAT of} the planar antenna 14 and the geometric length L _{3D of} the three-dimensional antenna 13 are each an integral multiple of $\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

equivalent.

und bei $L=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

minimal ist.In this case, the two antennas 13, 14 influence each other as little as possible when the radiation coupling at the points L = 0, at $L=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0003.png,imgf0004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{4}$

and at $L=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\lambda "\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\lambda </figure-callout>}}{2}$

is minimal.

In compliance with this criterion underlying the invention, therefore, the combination of the radiation characteristics of both antennas 13, 14 to an overall radiation characteristic of the inventive Ndip antenna 10 is particularly advantageous.

To illustrate this in the following on the in the FIGS. 4A . 4B . 4C and 4D referenced radiation characteristics are referenced.

FIG. 4A shows a patch antenna 14 arranged on a substrate 11. The diagram arranged next to it shows the emission characteristic of this patch antenna 14. Here, it can be seen that the main lobe 41 extends substantially vertically upwards, ie away from the substrate 11.

FIG. 4B shows a arranged on a substrate 11 three-dimensional bonding wire antenna 13. In the adjoining diagram, the radiation characteristic of this bonding wire antenna 13 is shown. Here it can be seen that two approximately kidney-shaped main lobes 42, 43 extend substantially in the horizontal plane, ie along the substrate plane.

FIG. 4C shows one as previously with reference to FIG. 2A described Ndip antenna 10 according to the invention with a flat antenna 14 and a three-dimensional antenna 13. In the diagram shown next to the emission characteristic of the Ndip antenna 10 is shown.

Figure 4D shows for visual comparison the aforementioned emission characteristics in a common diagram. Here, the curve 44 represents the radiation characteristic of the flat antenna 14, the curve 45 represents the radiation characteristic of the three-dimensional antenna 13, and the curve 46 represents the radiation characteristic of the Ndip antenna 10 according to the invention.

The curve 44 shows the radiation characteristic of a flat antenna 14. It can be seen the aforementioned main lobe, which preferably extends in the vertical direction.

The curve 45 shows the radiation characteristic of a three-dimensional antenna 13. It is possible to recognize the above-mentioned kidney-shaped main lobe, which preferably propagates horizontally along the substrate plane.

The curve 46 shows the emission characteristic of the Ndip antenna 10 according to the invention. It can be seen that the radiation takes place both in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction along the substrate plane. The Ndip antenna 10 according to the invention thus achieves a radiation characteristic which is clearly superior to the radiation characteristics of the individual antennas 13, 14, in such a way that the two antennas 13, 14 influence each other as little as possible and the signals of the two antennas 13, 14 superimpose as constructively as possible.

In addition to the in FIG. 4C and with reference to FIG. 2A Embodiments described above, further embodiments of the inventive Ndip antenna 10 are conceivable. These further embodiments will be described below with reference to FIGS FIGS. 5A to 5D be described, the FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C show a series connection of the three-dimensional antenna 13 with the flat antenna 14.

FIG. 5A 1 shows an Ndip antenna 10 with a planar antenna 14 arranged on a substrate 11 and a three-dimensional antenna 13 arranged on the substrate 11. The two antennas 13, 14 are connected to one another at a common signal feed section 16. A first end 13 A and a first attachment portion 13 A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 is located on one on the Substrate 11 arranged first mounting portion 17, and an opposite second end 13B and a second mounting portion 13B of the three-dimensional antenna 13 is disposed on the common signal feed section 16.

The first attachment portion 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be mechanically, and optionally galvanically, coupled to the first attachment portion 17. The second attachment portion 13B of the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be mechanically, and optionally galvanically, coupled to the common signal feed-in portion 16.

According to this embodiment, the first attaching portion 17 is disposed opposite to the planar antenna 14 with respect to the signal feeding portion 16, so that the signal feeding portion 16 is located spatially between the first attaching portion 17 and the planar antenna 14, with the first attaching portion 17, the signal feeding portion 16 and the planar antenna 14 all are arranged along a common straight line 51.

FIG. 5B shows a further embodiment. This embodiment differs from that previously described with reference to FIG FIG. 5A described embodiment in that the first mounting portion 17 is arranged offset by 90 °.

At the in FIG. 5B In the illustrated embodiment, therefore, the flat antenna 14 and the common signal feed section 16 are arranged along a first common line 52, and the first mounting section 17 and the common signal feed section 16 are arranged along a second common line 53, the first common line 52 and the second common line 53 orthogonal to each other.

In principle, the second attachment portion 17 or the first attachment portion 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 not disposed on the common signal feed-in portion 16 may be disposed at an arbitrary position, i. 360 ° around the flat antenna 14 around, be arranged on the substrate 11.

FIG. 5C shows a further embodiment with a flat antenna 14 arranged on a substrate 11 and a three-dimensional antenna 13 arranged on the substrate 11. A difference from the aforementioned Embodiments is that a first end 13A and a first attachment portion 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 while still on the mounting portion 17 is arranged. However, the second end 13B and the second attachment portion 13B are disposed on the planar antenna 14 and may be coupled to the planar antenna 14 mechanically as well as optionally galvanically.

Thus, according to this embodiment, a first attachment portion 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 is disposed on the substrate 11, the first attachment portion 17, respectively, and a second attachment portion 13B of the three-dimensional antenna 13 is disposed on the planar antenna 14.

The first attachment portion 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be mechanically, and optionally galvanically, coupled to the first attachment portion 17. The second attachment portion 13B of the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be mechanically, and optionally galvanically, coupled to the planar antenna 14.

In principle, the second attachment portion 17 or the first attachment portion 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 not coupled to the planar antenna 14 may be disposed at an arbitrary position, i. 360 ° around the flat antenna 14 around, be arranged on the substrate 11.

FIG. 5D FIG. 12 shows a further embodiment with a flat antenna 14 arranged on a substrate 11 and a three-dimensional antenna 13 arranged on the substrate 11. A difference from the aforementioned exemplary embodiments lies in that a first end 13A or a first mounting section 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 the planar antenna 14 is disposed while the second end 13B and the second mounting section 13B of the three-dimensional antenna 13 are disposed on the common signal feeding section 16, respectively.

The first attachment portion 13A of the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be mechanically, and optionally galvanically, coupled to the planar antenna 14. The second attachment portion 13B of the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be mechanically, and optionally galvanically, coupled to the common signal feed-in portion 16.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be a bonding wire antenna having at least one bonding wire 13. Alternatively, the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be a Ribbon Bond Antenna having at least one ribbon or ribbons.

Alternative embodiments provide that the three-dimensional antenna 13 is a bonding wire antenna having at least two bonding wires 13, or that the three-dimensional antenna 13 is a ribbon antenna having at least two ribbons. Thereby, the performance of the Ndip antenna 10 can be improved.

The at least two or more bonding wires or ribbons can either be the same length, or they can have different lengths from each other. The at least two bonding wires or ribbons can each be arranged in the same locations, for example on the common signal feed section 16 and on the first mounting area 17. In this case, it is a three-dimensional antenna 13 which has a plurality of bonding wires or ribbons.

FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of an inventive Ndip antenna 10. The Ndip antenna 10 has here in addition to the aforementioned first three-dimensional antenna 13 at least one further three-dimensional antenna 13 ', 13 ", 13'" on. As described above, each of these further three-dimensional antennas 13 ', 13 ", 13'" can again have two or more bonding wires or ribbons.

According to one embodiment, the Ndip antenna 10 here has a second three-dimensional antenna 13 'and a second mounting region 17' arranged on the first main side 11A of the substrate 11. The first attachment region 17 and the second attachment region 17 'can be galvanically separated from one another. A first attachment portion 13A 'of the second three-dimensional antenna 13' is disposed on the second attachment portion 17 '.

A second attachment portion 13B 'of the second three-dimensional antenna 13' is disposed on the common signal feed-in portion 16.

Alternatively or additionally, the second or a third three-dimensional antenna can be arranged on the first fastening region 17 and the second fastening region 17 '. This is in the form of the optional three-dimensional lines shown in dashed lines Antenna 13 "Here, a first attachment portion 13A" is disposed on the second attachment portion 17 'and a second attachment portion 13B "is disposed on the first attachment portion 17.

Alternatively or additionally, the second or a fourth three-dimensional antenna may be arranged on the first attachment region 17 and on the planar antenna 14. This is shown in the form of the optional three-dimensional antenna 13 '"shown in dashed lines, where a first attachment portion 13A'" is disposed on the second attachment portion 17 'and a second attachment portion 13B "is disposed on the planar antenna 14.

Such another three-dimensional antenna 13 ', 13 ", 13'" can generally be connected to each of the in the FIGS. 5A, 5B . 5C and 5D be combined embodiments shown.

FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment with an antenna array according to the invention 100. The antenna array 100 includes an Ndip antenna 10, as previously with reference to the FIGS. 2A to 6 was described on. That is, the antenna array 100 includes an Ndip antenna 10 having a flat antenna 14 disposed on a substrate 11 and a three-dimensional antenna 13 disposed on the substrate 11.

In addition, the antenna array 100 has a second antenna device 70 disposed on the same substrate 11. The second antenna device 70 corresponds structurally, as well as in terms of its possible embodiments, to the previously described Ndip antenna 10.

The second antenna device 70 thus also has a second flat antenna 74 arranged on the first main side 11A of the substrate 11 and a second three-dimensional antenna 73.

The second flat antenna 74 extends in a plane parallel to one of the two main sides 11A, 11B of the substrate 11, and the second three-dimensional antenna 73 is at least partially spaced from the first main side 11A of the substrate 11.

Similarly to the first Ndip antenna 10, in the second antenna device 70, the second three-dimensional antenna 73 and the second flat antenna 74 are galvanically connected with each other. According to a first exemplary embodiment, the second three-dimensional antenna 73 and the second planar antenna 74 have a common signal feed section 76. According to an alternative embodiment, the second three-dimensional antenna 73 and the second flat antenna 74 are serially coupled. As previously mentioned, the second antenna device 70 may also have the same embodiments as previously described with reference to FIGS FIGS. 2 to 6 have been described.

Figure 8A shows a further embodiment of an antenna array 100 according to the invention. Figure 8A is intended to illustrate that on the common substrate 11, any number of n ndip N antennas 10 may be provided, which together form an inventive antenna array 100.

So is in FIG. 8B An antenna array 100 according to the invention with three Ndip antennas 10, 70, 80 is shown as an example, all of which are arranged together on a substrate 11. All of the features and functions mentioned above with respect to a single Ndip antenna 10 apply to the same extent to each of the in FIG. 8B imaged Ndip antennas 10, 70, 80.

Each of the antenna devices 10 according to the invention, also referred to as Ndip antenna described above, can be designed as a reconfigurable and / or controllable antenna device. Such an Ndip antenna 10 has a means for controlling the phase and / or the amplitude of the three-dimensional antenna 13 and / or the flat antenna 14. Such a means may for example be a switch which is designed to switch the signal applied to the three-dimensional antenna 13 and / or the flat antenna 14 in such a way that the amplitude and / or the phase of this signal can be controlled. Alternatively or additionally, the three-dimensional antenna 13 and / or the flat antenna 14 may be reconfigurable, so that the zero point crossing of the applied signal can be redetermined.

Figure 9A shows a schematic side sectional view of an antenna device 90 according to an embodiment. The antenna device 90 comprises a housing 34 in whose interior an antenna device is arranged, such as the Ndip antenna 10. The housing 34 is at least partially comprising a dielectric or electrically insulating material formed to allow exit of the radio signal from the housing 34. For example, the housing 34 may comprise a plastic material or a glass material. Plastic material may be placed out of a wafer during singulation and encapsulation of the Ndip antenna 10. Alternatively or additionally, one or more antenna arrays 100 may be disposed inside the housing 34 according to embodiments described herein. An interior volume 36 of the housing 34 may be at least partially filled with a gas, such as Air or a material with a low dielectric constant or low power loss leading material to be filled.

The housing 34 includes a terminal 38 which is connected to the Ndip antenna 10. Terminal 38 is configured to be connected to a signal output of a radio frequency chip. This means that via the terminal 38, for example, a high-frequency signal can be received, which can be converted by the Ndip antenna 10 into a radio signal. The housing 34 may have another terminal connected to the metallization 12. Alternatively, the metallization 12 may also form an outer wall of the housing 34 to facilitate contacting the metallization 12 with other components in a straightforward manner. The terminal 38 may be connected to the electrically conductive structure, which is designed, for example, as a via. Terminal 38 may serve to provide a vertical connection to Ndip antenna 10 to excite Ndip antenna 10, such as probe feed. Thus, the terminal 38 may provide contact with the environment of the antenna device 90.

FIG. 9B 11 shows a schematic side sectional view of an antenna device 90 'according to an exemplary embodiment, in which the housing 34 is compared to FIG Figure 9A is designed as a structure which is designed to influence a radiation characteristic of the radio signal 26. Such a structure may, for example, be referred to as a lens. For example. For example, the structure of the housing 34 may be configured to focus the radio signal of the Ndip antenna. For example. For example, the interior 36 of the housing 34 may be at least partially filled with a dielectric material and an exterior shape of the housing 34 may have a concave or convex shape to provide a diffractive or converging function of the lens.

The invention will be summarized briefly in other words.

The present invention relates to a novel Ndip antenna 10 with the features of claim 1. This Ndip antenna 10 solves the above-mentioned disadvantages and problems of the prior art, which result from many technical limitations in known antennas.

The inventive Ndip antenna 10 may be referred to as a hybrid antenna consisting of a combination of one or more three-dimensional antennas 13, 13 ', 13 ", 13'" (eg, bondwire antennas, ribbon antennas, etc.) with one or more multiple flat antennas 14, 74 (eg patch, monopole, dipole, etc.) can be achieved in order to achieve a desired performance, which is not achievable with a single three-dimensional or flat antenna.

To ensure that the radiation characteristic of the inventive Ndip antenna 10 represents a true hybrid of the two individual antennas 13, 14, the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the planar antenna 14 are combined such that radiation coupling between the two antennas 13, 14 is minimal at those points is where they each have their maximum field strength values. This then results in constructive interference.

For example, the in FIG. 2 Ndip antenna 10 shown two resonant antennas, such as a patch 14 and a bonding wire antenna 13, on. These two antennas 13, 14 are combined with each other such that the radiation coupling at the points L = 0, L = λ / 4 and L = λ / 2 is minimal, where L is the geometric length of the respective antenna 13, 14 and λ the wavelength of the common injected signal.

weil das Patch 14 ein offenes Ende hat, d.h. die Patchantenne 14 ist nicht abgeschlossen. An der dreidimensionalen Antenne 13 stellt sich eine Stromverteilung ein, die proportional zu $\left|\cos \frac{2\mathit{\pi L}}{\lambda }\right|$

ist, weil das Ende der dreidimensionalen Antenne 13 abgeschlossen bzw. kurzgeschlossen ist.So if, for example, the in FIG. 2 Imaged Ndip antenna 10 is excited at the common signal feed section 16, each adjusts a standing wave on the flat antenna 14 and the three-dimensional antenna 13 a. The current distribution on patch 14 is proportional to $\left|\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}\frac{2\mathit{\pi L}}{\lambda }\right|.$

because the patch 14 has an open end, ie the patch antenna 14 is not completed. At the three-dimensional antenna 13, a current distribution is established which is proportional to $\left|\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="cos"\; filenames="imgf0002.png,imgf0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cos</figure-callout>}\frac{2\mathit{\pi L}}{\lambda }\right|$

is because the end of the three-dimensional antenna 13 is completed or shorted.

Therefore, the maximum value of the current on the three-dimensional antenna 13 is about where the minimum value of the current of the patch antenna 14 is, as in FIG FIG. 3 shown. For this reason, the inventive Ndip antenna 10 emits very well both in the horizontal (azimuthal) plane and in the vertical (elevation) plane, as in FIG FIG. 4C is shown.

The start and end points of the three-dimensional antenna 13 (eg, wire ends or wire tips) may be on the common signal feed section 16 and the first mounting region 17, for example. At least one of the two endpoints but can also be arranged arbitrarily, 360 ° around the flat antenna 14, on the substrate 11.

It can also be used on a variety of wires, tapes, etc. In this case (see FIG. 6 ), for example, a wire 13 or ribbon 13, etc. could be arranged on the common signal feed section 16 and the first attachment region 17, while another wire or ribbon 13 ', 13 ", 13'" at other locations on the substrate 11, the flat antenna 14, the first and / or a second mounting region 17, 17 'and / or the common signal feed section 16 is arranged.

The number and the position of the three-dimensional antenna 13 may be varied to change the radiation characteristic of the Ndip antenna 10. This radiation characteristic may also be adjustable, e.g. depending on whether the flat antenna 14 is located at the beginning or at the end of the three-dimensional antenna 13.

Two or more Ndip antennas 10, 70, which may be arranged on a common substrate 11, may also be combined to form an antenna array 100.

The inventive Ndip antenna 10 can also be designed to have a very high bandwidth compared to conventional antennas. To achieve this, the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 can be optimized such that their resonant frequencies overlap one another. The resulting bandwidth will thus be much larger than the bandwidth of conventional antennas.

The inventive Ndip antenna 10 may also be constructed as a multi-band antenna. In order to achieve this, the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 can be optimized for respectively different resonance frequencies or multiples of the fundamental resonance frequency. Thus, multiple transmission bands can be achieved.

Since at least one of the two antennas 13, 14 of the inventive Ndip antenna 10 is always vertically spaced from the dielectric substrate 11, most of the losses associated with dielectrics (eg, surface wave loss, dielectric conductivity, and dissipation factor) minimized. For this reason, a significantly higher radiation efficiency can be achieved with the Ndip antenna 10 according to the invention.

For example, Ambient air can be maintained as a dielectric surrounding the three-dimensional antenna 13, for example, a cover, e.g. a glass lid may be provided to cover the inventive Ndip antenna 10. This cover may, for example, be arranged on the first main side 11A of the substrate 11 so as to cover at least the three-dimensional antenna 13.

The Ndip antenna 10 can be fed in different ways. For example, a planar feed (e.g., microstrip line, co-planar feed) can be used for this. Alternatively or additionally, for example, the common signal feed-in section 16 can be connected to a stripline (microstrip) in order to obtain an electrical signal. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical signal can be fed by means of electromagnetic coupling, for example by means of a so-called Aperture Feed or by a near field feed (English: Proximity Feed), and / or by a vertical contact, for example using a via (Via).

A reconfigurable Ndip antenna 10 can be realized, for example, by arranging a switch between the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14. For example, when a switch on the common signal feed-in section 16 (FIG. FIG. 2 ), the current flow to the three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 can be controlled. By controlling the current flow of the individual antennas 13, 14, the emission characteristic of the Ndip antenna 10 can also be controlled.

The three-dimensional antenna 13 and the flat antenna 14 may be connected in parallel or in series.

The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It will be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to others of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the scope of the appended claims and not by the specific details presented in the description and explanation of the embodiments herein.

Claims (21)

Antenna device (10) with
a substrate (11) having a first main side (11A) and a second main side (11B) opposite the first main side (11A), wherein a metallization (12) is arranged at least in sections on the second main side (11B) of the substrate (11),
wherein on the first main side (11A) of the substrate (11) at least one flat antenna (14) and at least one three-dimensional antenna (13) are arranged,
wherein the planar antenna (14) extends in a plane (15) parallel to one of the two major sides (11A, 11B) of the substrate (11), and wherein the three-dimensional antenna (13) at least in sections from the first major side (11A) of the substrate (11) is spaced, and
wherein the three-dimensional antenna (13) and the planar antenna (14) are galvanically connected to each other and a) have a common signal feed section (16) or b) the three-dimensional antenna (13) and the planar antenna (14) are serially coupled. An antenna device (10) according to claim 1, wherein the planar antenna (14) and the three-dimensional antenna (13) each have a geometric length (L _FLAT , L _3D ) in which, when the flat antenna (14) and the three-dimensional antenna ( 13) with the same signal, _sets a current density distribution in the form of a standing wave along the geometric length (L _FLAT ) of the planar antenna (14), which has a phase offset (Δφ) from a current density distribution in the form of a standing current in the three-dimensional antenna (13) Wave along the geometric length (L _3D ) of the three-dimensional antenna (13), wherein the amount of the phase offset is 90 ° ± 20%, or 90 ° ± 10%, and preferably 90 °. An antenna device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said planar antenna (14) is an unfixed antenna, and wherein said three-dimensional antenna (13) is short-circuited, and / or wherein said planar antenna (14) has a Current density distribution sets proportional to $\left|\sin \frac{2\pi \cdot L}{\lambda }\right|$

is, and in which the three-dimensional antenna (13) adjusts a current density distribution proportional to $\left|\cos \frac{2\pi \cdot L}{\lambda }\right|$

where L is the geometric length of the respective antenna (13, 14). _{An antenna device} (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, _wherein both the geometric length (L _FLAT ) of the planar antenna (14) and the geometric length (L _3D ) of the three-dimensional antenna (13) are each an integer multiple of $\frac{\lambda }{4}$

equivalent. An antenna device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the planar antenna (14) and the three-dimensional antenna (13) are each resonant antennas, the planar antenna (14) being tuned to a first resonant frequency and the three-dimensional antenna (13) being tuned to a first resonant frequency second resonant frequency is tuned, wherein the first and the second resonant frequency differ by less than 5%. An antenna device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the planar antenna (14) and the three-dimensional antenna (13) are each resonant antennas, the planar antenna (14) being tuned to a first resonant frequency and the three-dimensional antenna (13) being tuned to a first resonant frequency second resonant frequency is tuned, wherein the first and the second resonant frequency differ by 5% or more. Antenna device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the flat antenna (14) or at least the three-dimensional antenna (13) is galvanically or capacitively coupled to the metallization (12) on the second main side (11B) of the substrate (11). An antenna device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a first attachment portion (13A) of the three-dimensional antenna (13) is disposed on a first attachment portion (17) disposed on the first main side (11A) of the substrate (11), and a second attachment portion (13B) of the three-dimensional antenna (13) is disposed on the planar antenna (14) or on the common signal feed section (16). An antenna device (10) according to claim 8, wherein the first attachment region (17) is galvanically or capacitively connected to the metallization (12) on the second major side (11B) of the substrate (11). An antenna apparatus (10) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said first mounting portion (17) is disposed opposite to said planar antenna feed portion (16) with respect to said planar antenna (14), and said three-dimensional antenna (13) is disposed between said common signal feeding portion (16). and the first attachment region (17) extends at least in sections over the planar antenna (14) and in a direction (26) orthogonal to the substrate plane (15) is spaced from the planar antenna (14). An antenna device (10) according to claim 10, wherein the planar antenna (14) has a geometric length (L _FLAT ), and the three-dimensional antenna (13) at a position _having a geometric length $L=\frac{\lambda }{4}$

the flat antenna (14) has a first orthogonal to the substrate plane (15) directed spacing (26) from the planar antenna (14), and wherein the three - dimensional antenna (13) at a position corresponding to a geometric length L = 0 or $L=\frac{\lambda }{2}$

the flat antenna (14), a second orthogonal to the substrate plane (15) directed spacing (25, 27) from the planar antenna (14), wherein the amount of the first spacing (26) is greater than the amount of the second spacing (25, 27). An antenna device (10) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said first attachment portion (17) is disposed opposite to said planar antenna (14) with respect to said common signal feed portion (16) such that said common signal feed portion (16) is spatially interposed between said first attachment portion (17) and the flat antenna (14) is arranged, wherein the first mounting area (17), the common signal feed section (16) and the flat antenna (14) are all arranged along a common straight line (51). An antenna apparatus (10) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the planar antenna (14) and the common signal feed section (16) are arranged along a first common line (52), and the first mounting area (17) and the common signal feed section (16) are along one second common line (53) are arranged, wherein the first common straight line (52) and the second common straight line (53) orthogonal to each other. An antenna apparatus (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a first mounting portion (13A) of the three-dimensional antenna (13) on the planar antenna (14) and a second mounting portion (13B) of the three-dimensional antenna (13) on the common signal feeding portion (16 ) is arranged. An antenna device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the three-dimensional antenna (13) is a bonding wire antenna having at least one bonding wire (13), or wherein the three-dimensional antenna is a ribbon antenna having at least one ribbon. An antenna device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the three-dimensional antenna (13) is a bonding wire antenna having at least two bonding wires (13), or wherein the three-dimensional antenna is a ribbon bond antenna having at least two ribbons. An antenna device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antenna device (10) comprises a second three-dimensional antenna (13 ', 13 ", 13"') and a second mounting region (17) disposed on the first main side (11A) of the substrate (11) '), wherein a first attachment portion (13A', 13A ", 13A '") of the second three-dimensional antenna (13', 13 ", 13" ') is disposed on the second attachment portion (17'), and a second attachment portion (17) 13B ', 13B ", 13B'") of the second three-dimensional antenna (13 ', 13 ", 13'") are disposed on the first mounting portion (17), or on the planar antenna (14) or on the common signal feeding portion (16) is. Antenna device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the antenna device (10) is designed as a reconfigurable and / or controllable antenna device, which further comprises a means for controlling the phase and / or the amplitude of the three-dimensional antenna (13) and / or the flat antenna (14). An antenna device (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a housing (34) in which the antenna device (10) is disposed, and having a terminal (38) for connecting the antenna device (10) to a high-frequency chip. An antenna device (10) according to claim 19, wherein the housing (34) forms a lens which is adapted to focus or scatter a radio signal generated by the antenna device. An antenna array (100) comprising an antenna device (10) according to one of the preceding claims and additionally comprising a second flat antenna (74) and a second three-dimensional antenna (73) arranged on the first main side (11A) of the substrate (11),
wherein the second planar antenna (74) extends in a plane parallel to one of the two main sides (11A, 11B) of the substrate (11), and wherein the second three-dimensional antenna (73) extends at least in sections from the first main side (11A) of the substrate (11A). 11) is spaced, and
wherein the second three-dimensional antenna (73) and the second planar antenna (74) are galvanically interconnected and a) have a common signal feed section (76) or b) the second three-dimensional antenna (73) and the second planar antenna (74) are serially coupled.

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