EP3201006A1 - Identification feature for identification of an object - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an identification feature for identification of an object, having a random structure formed of pigments of a dye or particles of at least one colorant, wherein at least two identification elements are arranged in a defined delimited surface of the identification feature, wherein a first identification element is formed by a printing color or an ink, wherein a second identification element is formed by the random structure formed of the pigments of a dye or the particles of at least one colorant, wherein the pigments of the dye or the particles of the at least one colorant of the printing color or the ink of the first identification element are in each case dispersed in a first dispersant, and wherein the pigments of the dye or the particles of the at least one colorant of the second identification element are in each case dispersed in a second dispersant, wherein the first dispersant and the second dispersant differ from one another in terms of material.

Description

 description

Identification feature for identifying an object

The invention relates to an identification feature for identifying an article according to claim 1.

Electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range of about 380 nm to 790 nm is generally referred to as light spectrum and is perceivable by humans with his eyes as light. Since the sensitivity of the human eye at the perceptual limits does not abruptly, but gradually decreases, an overly precise narrowing of the light spectrum makes little sense. In addition, the color perception for individual wavelengths in humans is individually slightly different pronounced. Therefore, the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) has empirically determined spectral sensitivities for wavelengths and defined a standard valence system to establish a relation between human color perception (color) and the physical causes of a color stimulus (color valence). The CIE standard-valence system captures the totality of human perceivable colors. The wavelength ranges adjacent to the light spectrum are the short-wave range

Ultraviolet radiation and in the long-wave range, the infrared radiation.

In classical electrodynamics, light is understood as a high-frequency electromagnetic wave. Radiation optics, also called geometrical optics, make use of the approximation that the propagation of light through straight beams

can be illustrated. This approximation is justified in particular if the dimensions of the object to be examined or of the structure to be examined are large compared with the wavelength of the light. Then everyone can

Diffraction phenomena are neglected. Diffraction or Diffraction is the deflection of waves on an obstacle. Diffraction can cause a wave in areas of space spread, which would be blocked in a straight path through the obstacle. However, diffraction is no longer negligible if geometric structures play a role whose size is comparable to the wavelength of the waves used. In the

Quantum physics is no longer understood as a classic wave, but as a quantum object. Accordingly, the light is composed of individual discrete energy quanta, the so-called photons. A photon is an elementary particle that always moves at the speed of light.

When light encounters matter, matter interacts with the matter and manifests itself in one or more of the following phenomena:

Absorption: The energy of the incoming light is determined by the matter

 Body absorbed. This can cause an electron present in matter to be raised to a higher energy level and the body heats up. When the radiation is absorbed by matter regardless of its wavelength, the body appears black. If only a part of the light spectrum is absorbed, the remaining parts of the spectrum will be determined

 Light spectrum by subtractive color mixing the color of the body. If white light strikes a body, the incident light is partially reflected and partially absorbed. If short-wave components of the light spectrum from 380 nm are absorbed by the body, so the remitted radiation contains predominantly long-wave components up to 790 nm and the remitted radiation is with the

 Perceived color impression red. With predominantly long-wave absorption up to 790 nm the color perception is from the

 reflected light violet.

In the case of an electronic stimulation of matter energy can be given off again in the form of radiation. One speaks of spontaneous emission, of fluorescence or, if the process is delayed in time and / or lasts much longer, of phosphorescence.

On reflecting surfaces, z. B. on a bare surface of a metal, light is reflected by the law of reflection. In this case, the incident light beam and the outgoing light beam as well as the solder lie on the reflecting surface in one plane.

Incidence angle and angle of departure are equal to each other. The ratio of the reflected light intensity to the incident light intensity is called reflectance and is material and

wavelength dependent.

The light changes its spread, but not like the

Reflection in a defined direction, but diffuse in all possible spatial directions. Depending on the scattering body, a distinction is made between Compton scattering (on free electrons), Rayleigh scattering (on bound electrons without energy transfer), Raman scattering (on bound electrons with energy transfer) and Mie scattering (on particles whose expansion in the

Magnitude of the wavelength is).

Light is at an interface between two media

broken different optical density, d. H. a ray of light changes its direction at this interface. Some materials split a beam of light into two different beams

Polarization on. In this case one speaks of one

Birefringence. Optical activity: Certain media rotate the polarization plane of polarized light.

Photoelectric effect: The photons of the incident radiation dissolve electrons from the irradiated body.

A color stimulus results from absorption and remission (i.e., scattering or reflection) of certain frequency components of visible light. The color stimulus is the physical identification of the radiation of visible light, which causes a perception by direct irritation of the retina of the eye, whereby this perception can be perceived as color. The color stimulus can be from both a primary light source, i. H. from a self-radiator, d. H. from a self-luminous source, as well as from a secondary light source, d. H. emanating from a lit body. In a color stimulus caused by a primary light source, it is called a light color, whereas the color stimulus caused by a secondary light source is referred to as body color. Body colors change the spectral composition of the incident light according to a transmission and remission behavior of the matter of the body in question.

For the color stimulus, a relative spectral radiation distribution S _{A is} critical, ie the "irritating" radiation as a function of the wavelength and not in its absolute magnitude or intensity The spectral distribution which determines the color sensation is called the color-stimulation function φ (λ) In the case of a self-radiator, this function is equal to its spectral distribution S (A)

Secondary light source, so a body color, the color of the product is

Beam density factor β (λ) and the spectral distribution of the light source determined.

Radiometry is the science of measuring electromagnetic radiation and their application. The quantitative measurement of radiation intensities is done with different types of detectors. The detectors for the physical measurement of radiation quantities are called radiometers. These detectors convert part of the radiation into heat or into an electrical signal, which, among other things, can be used to deduce the nature of the radiating surface and its temperature. Photometry or photometry refers to measurement methods in the wavelength range of the visible light and the ultraviolet spectral range using a photometer, with a photometer or photometer being an instrument for measuring at least one of them

photometric size is. Photometric quantities are derived from the associated radiometric quantities. The difference between a photometric quantity and a corresponding radiometric quantity is that in photometry the sensitivity of the observer is taken into account by measuring the radiometric quantity with a CIE standardized spectral

Healing sensitivity curve, which is also referred to as V-lambda curve is multiplied. An index v (in noncursive writing), which is attached to the variables by convention, stands for the reference to visible light, ie typically the spectral range from 380 nm to 790 nm. The following photometric variables exist:

The luminous flux, measured in the SI unit lumen (Im), is the radiant power of a light source, weighted with the curative sensitivity curve, and corresponds to

radiometric size radiant power, d. H. the radiation flux or the

Radiation energy per time, measured in the SI unit Watt (W).

The amount of light, measured in the SI unit lumensecond (Ims), is the

Radiation energy of a light source, weighted with the sensitivity curve, and corresponds to the radiometric quantity radiant energy, d. H. the amount of radiation or the energy of a number of photons, in one as a stream of photons

assumed electromagnetic radiation, measured in the SI unit Joule (J). The light intensity, measured in the SI unit Candela (cd), is the luminous flux per

Solid angle, measured at a great distance from the light source, and corresponds to the radiometric quantity of radiation intensity, d. H. the radiation intensity, radiant intensity or the radiation flux in each case per solid angle, measured in the SI unit watts per steradian (W / sr). The light intensity indicates how intensively a light source shines in a certain direction. For a spatially isotropically radiating light source, the luminous flux is equal to the luminous intensity multiplied by 4ττ, the full solid angle.

Illuminance, measured in the SI unit Lux (Ix), is the luminous flux per illuminated area, and corresponds to the radiometric magnitude of irradiance, ie. H. the radiation current density or the radiation flux each more effective

Receiver surface, measured in the SI unit watts per square meter (W / m ² ). The illuminance indicates how intensively the surface is illuminated.

The specific light emission, measured in the SI unit lux (Ix), is the emitted luminous flux, based on the size of the light-emitting surface, and corresponds to the radiometric magnitude specific radiation or emission current density, ie the radiation flux per effective transmitter surface, measured in the SI Unit watts per square meter (W / m ² ).

The luminance, measured in the SI unit candela per square meter (cd / m ² ), is the luminous intensity of a light source, based on its projected area (perpendicular to the viewing direction), and corresponds to the radiometric quantity radiance, ie the radiation flux per solid angle per effective Transmitter area, measured in units of watts watts per square meter and steradian (W / (m ² sr)). The luminance takes a picture-capturing optical system, for. As the person or a camera, as brightness of a light-emitting surface true. With the photometric quantities or the corresponding radiometric quantities, properties of a radiation source, a receiver and of irradiated material can be described.

An emission spectrum is the electromagnetic spectrum of atoms,

Molecules or materials is emitted without electromagnetic radiation of the same frequency is irradiated. The counterpart of an emission spectrum is the absorption spectrum. While discrete energy levels cause a line spectrum, energy bands cause a continuous spectrum. One

Atom spectrum is the emission spectrum of a single isolated atom, ie the intensity of the light emitted by it as a function of wavelength or frequency. The spectral lines each correspond to the energy difference between two different states of the atom. This energy difference is applied, for example, by an absorbed photon and then emitted in the form of another photon with that energy, that is emitted. This energy (or in the spectrum the line) is discrete, so it can not take any values. This implies that each atom - according to its electron configuration - can only emit particles of discrete wavelength. The wavelengths of the emitted particles are therefore specific to a particular element. The fact that the "lines" in the spectrum ('peaks') are exact curves with a certain width is based on quantum effects. "Spectral lines become wider with increasing gas pressure." At very high pressure, the line width can increase to a continuum similar to that of The reason is the more frequent mutual interference of the atoms in the collision.If the absorption of a photon causes an electron to be completely released from the atom, this is called ionization of the atom, and a certain minimum energy is required depending on the initial state of the electron. Since ionization is possible for a continuous energy range above the minimum energy, a continuum is possible, and the reverse process, ie the emission of a photon when an electron is captured, is called recombination of the electron with the positive ion continuous radiation, the boundary continuum. While the emission spectrum of dilute gases gives a line spectrum, hot solids and liquids emit a continuous spectrum because the individual atoms additionally interact with each other, thus merging the discrete quantum states. Such a continuous spectrum can be calculated by taking the spectrum of a

Black radiator (Planck's law of radiation) of the same temperature multiplied by the absorption coefficient for electromagnetic radiation of the "object" at the respective wavelength.

A solid is matter in the solid state, especially at a temperature of 20 ° C. Solid particles have a certain minimum extent in technical usage, but this is not sharply defined. They are therefore macroscopic body - in contrast to microscopic bodies such. For example, atoms and molecules. One distinguishes between amorphous, d. H. in the smallest scale "shapeless", polycrystalline and crystalline solids.Polycrystalline solids consist of a collection of small single crystals, which are disorganized into a large whole.

An absorption or absorption line spectrum is an electromagnetic spectrum that arises when broadband, in particular white, light radiates matter and light quanta, i. H. Photons of certain wavelengths or wavelengths are absorbed thereby (resonance absorption). The absorbed photons are missing in the

passing light, whereby the so-called Fraunhofer lines are formed in the spectrum. Therefore the spectrum at the respective wavelengths is dark or in extreme cases black.

An absorption band is a wavelength interval in which the electromagnetic radiation, e.g. As solar radiation, by chemical substances, eg. B. atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, methane, etc. on the way to Receiver is selectively absorbed. The originally continuous spectrum of the radiation source arrives at the receiver only with dark gaps, these gaps forming the so-called absorption bands. Certain intervals of the entire wavelength range emitted by the radiation source are no longer present. An image of the spectrum obtained by selective absorption is called band spectrum. An absorption band consists of a larger number of individual, ie singular, closely spaced absorption lines. The absorption bands are due to the coupling of electrical vibrational and rotational excitation in molecules, so that no single energy difference is absorbed, but depending on the excitation of the molecules, a whole range of energy values, ie the

Absorption spectrum. The various molecules absorb each only in a specific wavelength interval for them. When the photons are from one

Radiation source emitted electromagnetic radiation are absorbed by these photons excite atoms, then it is sharply defined

Energy amounts and thus wavelengths, and the dark areas are

accordingly narrow lines. On the other hand, in molecules, many absorbable energy levels are often close together, forming broader dark areas in the spectrum, i. H. the absorption bands. In any case, the observed absorption spectrum

characteristic of the type of matter that crosses the radiation. Therefore, spectroscopy, usually in different wavelength ranges, is an important method for analyzing substances. Be free atoms, z. B. in a gas or vapor, spectroscopy, the photons are emitted again after absorption, uniformly in all spatial directions. If the light is radiated only from one direction, then in the light which has passed through it is found that for the atomic species at hand, d. H. for the chemical element in question, typical absorption spectrum as

Line spectrum. The light scattered in the other spatial directions shows that

corresponding emission spectrum.

In the spectroscopy of solids may be between the absorption and eventual Emission still a relaxation occur in the solid state. In this case, a part of the energy of the photons z. B. converted into heat. In this case, absorption and absorption

Emission spectrum not complementary to each other as with the free atoms.

Luminescence is the optical radiation of a physical system, which arises during the transition from an excited state to the ground state. Depending on the type of excitation, a distinction is made between different types of luminescence. So z. B.

Electroluminescence excited by electric current, z. B. in light emitting diodes (LED). Photoluminescence is excited by photons, with differentiation between phosphorescence and fluorescence depending on the time between excitation and emission of the light. Radioluminescence is excited by an irradiation with alpha or beta radiation or by X-radiation. Superluminescence is produced by optical pumping, whereby spontaneously emitted light is amplified by stimulated emission in an optically active medium. Chemiluminescence is excited by a chemical reaction.

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light-emitting component whose electrical properties correspond to those of a pn-type semiconductor diode. When an electric current flows through the diode in its forward direction, a light emitting diode emits electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength (λ) dependent on the semiconductor material and its doping, this radiation being either visible light or infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation.

The ability of a solid to absorb light, including a semiconductor, is subject to the condition that the photon energy is absorbed by the excitation of electrons. Because electrons are at an energetic distance between one

Valence band and a conduction band of the solid, ie can not be excited in the so-called band gap, the energy of a photon must surpass the energy of the band gap. Otherwise, the photon can not be absorbed. The Energy of a photon is coupled to the frequency of electromagnetic radiation via Planck's constant of action. If a solid has a bandgap, it is therefore transparent to radiation below a certain frequency or above a certain wavelength (λ), with the exception of special effects. The energy of a photon emitted by the solid is equal to the energy of the bandgap, ie the energy gap between the conduction and valence bands. The energy of the bandgap decreases with increasing temperature due to the thermal expansion of the lattice first quadratically, then more or less linearly, starting from a maximum value at the temperature of zero Kelvin. The temperature dependence of the band gap is material-dependent and can be z. B. with the Varshni formula describe. The size of the band gap, ie the energy gap, determines the energy, ie

Frequency, wavelength or color of the radiation or the emitted light. It can be controlled by the chemical composition of the semiconductor. Thus, the exchange of atoms in the crystal lattice alters the crystalline and / or molecular structure of the material, u. a. its lattice parameters or even its lattice structure. By a selective selection of the semiconductor materials and their doping, the properties of the radiation generated can be varied. In particular, the spectral range and the efficiency can be influenced. For example, light emitting diodes of the frequently used semiconductor material emit indium gallium nitride (InGaN) or gallium nitride (GaN) in the ultraviolet (230 nm <λ <400 nm), violet (400 nm <λ <450 nm), blue (450 nm <λ <) depending on the doping 500 nm) or green (500 nm <λ <570 nm) spectral range.

LEDs emit in a limited spectral range Δλ z. B. of a maximum Δλ «30 nm, so their radiation is almost monochromatic. For a light-emitting diode z. Indium gallium nitride (InGaN, ln _x Gai _-xN ), which is an Ill-V semiconductor formed from the two basic substances gallium nitride and indium nitride, results in a ratio of 2% indium nitride and 98% gallium nitride a bandgap that provides near ultraviolet emission. On the other hand, 20% indium nitride and 80% gallium nitride produce a blue-violet radiation with a wavelength of 420 nm. At a ratio of 30% / 70%, the radiation is 440 nm, which is blue Color corresponds. Other materials for LEDs form z. B. Il-VI compounds or the chemical elements Si and Se.

White light can with light emitting diodes z. B. by the following methods for additive

Color mixing are generated:

a) There may be different LEDs z. B. be used in one and the same component. Blue light-emitting diodes are combined with yellow or with red and green in such a way that their light mixes well and thus appears white.

b) It is a blue emitting LED or a UV LED with a phosphor z. B. in the form of a luminescent layer of a photoluminescent material or a luminescent dye combined. Thus, short-wave, higher-energy light, in particular blue light or ultraviolet radiation, can be converted into longer-wave light. For example, a blue LED is combined with cerium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet powder. Since blue LEDs have the highest efficiency, while UV LEDs are less than half, this is the most economical way to produce white light using LEDs, but with the disadvantage of a blue cast of white light. The ultraviolet component, the blue LEDs on the shortwave spur of their

Send radiation spectrum is also largely converted by the luminescent layer in yellowish light. In a manufacturing process for white LEDs z. B. gallium nitride epitaxially on a support z. B. made of sapphire or silicon. This creates the first layer of the GaN semiconductor crystal. The

The light-emitting layer is usually InGaN, whose blue light is from the

Phosphor is partially converted into longer-wave light. The light color of the LED is also at least partially dependent on the layer thickness of the phosphor.

The aforementioned methods for generating white light are z. B. in the

WO 2007/017049 A1 describes. WO 2007/017049 A1 also discloses photonic material with regularly arranged cavities containing at least one colorant, the wall material of the photonic material being dielectric Has properties and as such substantially non-absorbing acts for the wavelength of an absorption band of the respective colorant and in

Substantially transparent to the wavelength of an absorption wavelength excitable emission of the colorant and the cavities are designed to store radiation of the wavelength of the weak absorption band of the colorant in the photonic material. In this case, radiation from the wavelength range of 250 nm to 500 nm is preferably selected and stored in the photonic material, wherein the radiation is preferably selected from the wavelength range from 380 nm to 480 nm and particularly preferably from an indium gallium nitride, in particular the formula ln _j Ga _j Al _k N, where 0 <i, 0 <j, 0 <k, and i + j + k = 1. The colorant is an emitter for radiation in the range of 550 nm to 700 nm, which is preferably a rare earth compound doped with europium, samarium, terbium or praseodymium, preferably with triply positively charged europium ions. The colorant is present in nanoparticulate form, preferably with an average particle size of less than 50 nm (hydraulic diameter determined by means of dynamic light scattering).

In general, such solids are referred to as phosphor, which produce visible light by excitation with short-wave light to the ultraviolet or electron bombardment. Phosphors are often inorganic, crystalline substances, which provide a technically utilizable light output by targeted introduction of impurities in the crystal structure. In this case, purity levels of the starting materials of up to 99.9999% are required. The phosphors are usually based on oxides or sulfides such as zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide selenide and silicates such as Willemite and

Zinkberylliumsilicat. Zinc sulfide is also used in self-luminous radioactive luminescent paints. The doping element determines the luminous color (ZnS: Mn-> orange-red, ZnS: Ag-> blue, ZnS: Cu-> green, ZnS: Ln-> depending on the lanthanoid red to blue-green). Parameters such as light color of the fluorescence and phosphorescence, afterglow duration and efficiency of the energy reproduction are not only dependent on the substances used, but also of their processing such as annealing, grinding, quenching, atmospheric effects during these processes.

EP 2 062 960 A1 discloses a luminophore, in particular a luminophore, which is used in illuminations or in light-emitting devices including LEDs, wherein the luminophore is essentially a silicate and a phosphor

Comprises activating agent ion and has a main chemical composition expressed by the following formula:

aAO ^■ bA'O ^■ cSi0 ₂ : xEu ^■ yLn ^■ zM ^■ δΝ,

wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ca, Ba and combinations thereof; A 'is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn and combinations thereof; Ln an ion / ion is selected from at least one member selected from the group consisting of Nd, Dy, Ho, Tm, La, Ce, Er, Pr, Bi, Sm, Sn, Y, Lu, Ga, Sb, Tb, Mn and Pb; M is selected from the group consisting of Cl, F, B, I and combinations thereof; N is selected from the group consisting of Li +, Na +, K +, Ag + and

Combinations thereof; a, b, c, x, y, z and δ are molar coefficients; 1, 0 <a <5.0; 0 <b <2.0; 0.5 <c <2.5; 0.001 <x <0.2; 0 <y <0.5; 0 <z <0.5; 0 <δ <0.2; and where 1 <(a + b) / c <4; and that upon energization of a light-emitting element as

Excitation light source having an emission spectrum in the range of UV light to blue light of 240 nm to 475 nm, the phosphor absorbs at least a portion of the light from the excitation light source and thus produces an emission spectrum having at least two maxima in the range of 370 nm to 760 nm, the

Emissions combine to produce white light. In this case, the phosphor is preferably excited by an excitation light source having an emission maximum in the range of UV light to blue-violet light of 240 nm to 455 nm, this phosphor having a light emission spectrum with two or three maxima in the range of 370 nm to 760 nm generated.

The term colorant is according to DIN 55943: 2001 -10 "colorants - terms" one Collective name for all coloring substances. The DIN 55943 first divides the colorants into organic and inorganic colorants. Each of the two groups is divided into dyes and pigments. Pigments are coloring substances which, unlike dyes, are insoluble in the application medium. In this case, that substance is referred to as the application medium, in which the colorant is incorporated or will. The properties of the pigments are in addition to the chemical structure by their solid state properties such. B. crystal structure, crystal modification,

Particle size and particle size distribution determined. In order to address the respective matter of a dye having optical properties, particles of the respective dye are referred to below, even if these particles are molecules soluble in the application medium or more complex chemical compounds.

Colorants specifically absorb a limited portion of the visible white light and remit the unabsorbed portion of the white light. In this case, the complementary color of the light perceived by a viewer is absorbed by the colorant. The color absorption is based on conjugated double bonds and aromatic

Basic bodies of the molecules. Upon absorption, conjugated electrons become

Double bond system raised to a higher energy state and that

Colorant molecule releases energy by radiation in another, especially visible wavelength or by heat radiation again. By changing functional groups on the aromatic, the absorption range of a colorant can be influenced, these groups as a nitro, sulfonic acid, dimethylamino or

Hydroxy group can be formed. At the same time, this can also influence the chemical reactivity and the color property. For example, an NH ₂ group with its lone pair of electrons has a deepened color. Aromatics, ie aromatic compounds or chemical compounds having at least one aromatic base body, are a class of substances in organic chemistry which are characterized

is characterized in that aromatic molecules have at least one ring system, the according to the Hückel rule in conjugated double bonds, lone pairs or unoccupied p orbitals contains a number of 4n + 2 (n = 0, 1, 2, ...) delocalized electrons. This delocalization leads to a special binding system in which no distinction can be made in the ring between single and double bonds. In simple, symmetrical ring systems, such. As the benzene, so are all

Bindings identical. Aromatics are compared to non-aromatic

Double bond systems lower energy and therefore less reactive. In particular, they are not prone to addition reactions. With the Hückel rule, it can be determined whether a chemical compound is an aromatic molecule. A cyclic conjugate molecule is particularly stable with [4n + 2] ττ electrons (an odd number of electron pairs, for example: n = 1, [4x1 + 2 = 6], ie three electron pairs) and is called an aromatic.

As already mentioned, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation raises the energy level of electrons in molecules or atoms. This means that approximately a distance between electrons and the respective associated atomic nuclei is increased. The necessary energy becomes the incident energy

electromagnetic radiation, eg. B. the light removed. Since these processes occur under quantum conditions, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is not continuous, but occurs only in certain jumps, which correspond to the energy difference between the electrons before and after the absorption. This energy difference is inversely proportional to the absorbed wavelength of the incident light and thus determines the color in which the colorant appears.

The property of a substance to be a colorant is thus rooted in its chemical structure. Molecules with σ bonds absorb electromagnetic energy in the X-ray and UV ranges. Molecules with electrons in ττ bonds, d. H. in

unsaturated bonds, however, are already at lower energy of

electromagnetic waves (or photons) excited. Interactions of this kind in the long-wave UV and especially in the visible range of light trigger the color stimulus.

With several conjugated unsaturated bonds in one molecule, the ττ electrons can be "smeared", ie delocalized, which reduces the energetic distance between the excited state and the ground state and shifts an absorption or emission maximum towards longer wavelengths. the more such unsaturated bonds are conjugated.

There are organic and inorganic chromophores, d. H. Color carrier. organic

Chromophores consist of systems of conjugated double bonds such as carotene and / or large aromatic molecules such as methyl red. inorganic

Chromophores are often found among the transition metals. examples are

Vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and copper. Depending on the oxidation state and complex formation, these elements can show very different colors. The term "chromophore" refers to that part of a colorant which ensures the basic presence of the color.

Chromophores are molecular structures whose vibrational properties are due to

Auxochromes (electron donors) and anti-auxochromes (electron acceptors), which further shift and / or polarize the delocalized ττ electrons of the chromophore, can once again be significantly influenced. Auxochromes or antiauxochromes increase the mesomerism in the molecule by displacing electrons to or from a chromophore group. For example, the absorption spectrum of a chromophore alone need not necessarily be within the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, if the chromophore is further modified by the mesomeric effect of a substituent, its absorption spectrum is usually shifted. Chromophores are therefore the basic structures that contain delocalizable electrons. The type of chromophores influences the hue of the colorant via its absorption maximum, while the frequency of the chromophores influences the color depth. In particular, the following molecular structures act as chromophores: RC = CR; R - N = NR; R-N0 ₂ ; RC = 0; RC = NH; RN = 0

As auxochromes or antiauxochromes in particular the following functional act

Groups:

a) Auxochrome: R-OH; RO-R '; R-NH ₂ ; R-NH-R '; R-NHCO-R '

b) antiauxochromes: R2-C = 0; R-N0 ₂ ; R-CHO, R-COOH; R-S0 ₃ H; RC = NR 'The color properties of colorants are therefore justified

 a) in the molecular structure of the colorant itself,

 b) in its molecular and atomic vibrations,

 c) in the concentration of the colorant as well

 d) in its binding state on or in the respective application medium.

 The manner of binding of the colorant are thereby z. B. co-determined as a substrate or carrier application medium. The binding of the colorant to a solid or the distribution of a dye in a solution can change the hue used in solvatochromism. Solvatochromism refers to the

Influence of the color of a dye by a solvent (solvent). The recognizable color of the solution is based on interactions of the dye on the one hand with the solvent molecules and on the mutual interactions of the dye

Solvensmoleküle other hand.

Functional colorants fulfill a specific defined function in their application, which is not based solely on an aesthetic color scheme. So z. For example, an indicator dye is a functional colorant.

From the knowledge of the color absorption of aromatic or polyunsaturated Compounds according to the Hückel Rule can be made of special colorants which a) absorb light at a certain wavelength and convert the absorbed light into heat,

 b) emit light at a different wavelength again, z. B. as

 phosphorescent markers or z. B. in the form of fluorescence or

 chemiluminescence

 c) change the polarization direction of the light, z. B. in the

 Frequency doubling or as optical switches,

 d) cause electrical phenomena,

 e) enable photochemical processes.

 A particularly interesting application medium for colorants in the following are printing inks used in printing technology. Printing inks contain colorants

Mixtures of substances which are transferred in particular by means of a printing form to a printing material and form a layer there that dries. Printing inks are suitable for coloring surfaces in technical and industrial processes in such a way that images and text are displayed. Printing inks consist of dispersed, d. H. from i. d. R. extremely finely dispersed pigments, binders and organic solvents. The printing ink black contains pigments of carbon black, in particular carbon black. Colored pigments are extracted from minerals or chemically produced.

The ink is to realize a required hue on a substrate, the hue can be specified as a color location in a color space. The optical properties of a printing ink are dependent on the printing process used for the inking, the printing substrate, the location of the observer and the light source under which the printed product is viewed.

The mechanical properties of printing inks are also rheological

Called properties. Printing inks for printing processes in which the inking takes place by rolling, for. B. in offset printing, high pressure or gravure, require a good Transport of the ink over the ink rollers and low aerosol formation. The color transport is determined by the tack of the ink. The tack is the force necessary to separate an ink film. It is a complex ratio of viscosity, cohesion and adhesion and is measured in the ink test as tack. Aerosol formation is the formation of a color mist and color threads at high print speeds. These aerosols are undesirable. The aerosol formation is strongly temperature-dependent, as it correlates directly with the viscosity.

Printing inks consist of:

 a) colorants, d. H. from pigments or dyes, for the colourfulness,

 b) binders, mainly of resins (solid resins, alkyd resins) to the

 To attach colorant to the substrate,

 c) auxiliaries for adjusting the rheological properties, for. B. for

 Influence of drying, gloss or surface hardness.

Since the layer thicknesses of the printing inks applied to the printing substrate are very low (typically about 1 μηη to 8 μηη, in offset printing preferably from 0.7 μηη to 2.5 μηη), especially strong pigments are used. Most printing inks consist of a dispersion (actually: suspension) of pigments in a carrier fluid and are thus a heterogeneous substance mixture consisting of a liquid and finely distributed solids.

Pigments are organic, inorganic or synthetic crystalline powders. Organic pigments are extracted from petroleum and used to make cyan, magenta, yellow and spot colors. Organic pigments are less stable to temperature. Inorganic pigments are usually special blacks for black and titanium (IV) oxide for opaque white. Carbon black is inorganic by definition. Most inorganic pigments are characterized by the fact that they do not react chemically with the oxygen in the air, which makes them extremely resistant to aging and their hue virtually any length maintained. Finely ground metal pigments are used for

Metal effects used. Silver effects are achieved by aluminum bronze.

Gold effects can be achieved by using brass bronze or aluminum bronze with yellow / orange pigment. Luminescent colors are caused by UV-active pigments in the

Ink. Pigments are insoluble in the printing ink and are generally harmless to health. Radioactive bulbs are not counted among the pigments, although they are insoluble in the application medium. They are self-illuminants whose radiation is not caused by UV radiation or daylight, but by radioactive excitation.

Dyes allow purer colors than pigments because they light with a

Remain narrowband spectrum. Dyes are soluble on a molecular basis in water, alcohol and fats. Dyes, however, tend to fade under the influence of UV radiation, so they are not as colorfast as pigments. In addition, most dyes are toxic and therefore for the coloring of everyday objects

not suitable.

The pigments of the printing ink are in the binder, i. H. dispersed in a dispersant, d. H. finely distributed. The binder allows good wetting of the individual pigments and prevents sticking of pigments to agglomerates. The binders bond the printing ink on the substrate during printing and determine the viscosity.

A typical offset ink contains pigments in a mass fraction between 12% and 18%.

Pigments typically arise in the form of primary particles, in particular in the form of angular primary particles. The primary particles can grow together to form aggregates via their surfaces. Agglomerates are when primary particles and / or aggregates are connected by their respective corners and / or edges. Through a Dispersing process (dispersion) when incorporating the pigments into the relevant application medium, the pigment agglomerates are comminuted. This results in smaller agglomerates, aggregates and primary particles. These, if present, are wetted by a dispersing medium or dispersing agent. Ideally, they are distributed statistically via the application medium.

For applications in safety technology z. For example, WO 00/059731 A1 and WO 2012/083469 A1 have disclosed color pigments which belong to the substance class of the retinal proteins. An important member of the retinal proteins is bacteriorhodopsin (BR). The protein of the BR consists of 248 amino acids, which, arranged in seven approximately parallel alpha helices, pass through a cell membrane and form a pore. In this pore is a bound to the protein retinal molecule.

Retinal is the chromophore of the molecule and has an imine bond in it

Context usually referred to as Schiff base, to the amine function of

Amino acid Lys216 bound. Under physiological conditions this is

Chromophore only as all-trans and 13-cis isomer. The isomerization takes place under the action of light. BR forms in the cell membrane of Halobacterium salinarum,

assembled to form trimers, two-dimensional crystalline areas. These areas, up to five microns in size, in which BR trimers exist in a two-dimensional hexagonal arrangement in the lipid bilayer are called purple membrane (PM). The embedding of the BR in the purple membrane leads to a remarkable stability of the protein against physical-chemical influences. Thus, the color and photochemical activity of the PM are maintained in the presence of oxygen and in the dry state.

BR can be considered as a light energy driven molecular machine that pumps protons. Initiated by the light-induced isomerization of the chromophore and driven by changes in the proton affinities of amino acid functions, protons from one cytoplasmic to another are synthesized in a multi-step process extracellular side displaced by the pore of the protein. Triggering the directed proton shift is the isomerization of the retinal chromophore due to light absorption. The chromophore is in the unexposed state as a mixture of all-trans and 13-cis retinal, after exposure only in the 13-cis configuration. As a result of the embedding of the chromophore, this results in structural changes of the protein, which has a direct effect on the initially protonated state of Schiff's base. This proton is located after the isomerization in an energetically unfavorable environment and is at the immediate

Interaction partner of Schiff's base, Asp85, released in extracellular direction. This is a consequence of four more unidirectional ones

Proton shifts are made before finally the initial state of the protein is restored and a new cycle can be run through. This light-driven pumping of protons is linked to a cyclic sequence of spectroscopically distinct states of the protein. This episode is called a photocycle. The photocycle cycling through exposure is reversible

Color change from purple (B state, absorption maximum 570 nm) to yellow (M state, absorption maximum 410 nm).

In the aforementioned WO 00/059731 A1 is now a method for securing the

Authenticity of objects has been described in which a photochromic

Preparation in the form of an ink containing bacteriorhodopsin as a photochromic portion to which the article is applied, the irradiation of which is photochromic

Preparation with light in the visible wavelength range leads to a change in state, which is detectable for the purpose of authenticity testing.

As the ink is an intensely colored liquid for use z. B. in the

Word processing or goods labeling called. Ink consists of a solution or dispersion of colorants in water or other solvent and contains little or no binder. Inks without binders are therefore none Printing inks. There are different types of ink, for. As inks with soluble colorants or with insoluble colorants, water-soluble inks, solvent-based inks or pigmented inks, which pigments in contrast to dyes in

Can not chemically solve application medium. While pigments one

characteristic coloration, the color of a dissolved dye may depend on the solvent used, whereby the ink may have a different color than the dried ink application. The particles of the dye of the ink of the first identification element are z. B. in a mass fraction between 1% and 15% in the ink in question.

WO 2012/083469 A1 discloses a method for checking the authenticity of a security feature, in particular on a security document, wherein the security feature in the visible region, under the excitation of a flash of light, is a

Change shows, with at least a first picture of the unexcited

Security feature is recorded with a mobile phone, wherein the mobile phone has a camera with built-in flash function, wherein at least a second image of the stimulated using the flash function security feature is recorded with the same mobile phone, the order of the two

aforementioned recordings can also be performed vice versa. In the mobile phone is then from the at least two images with the aid of a suitable

Data processing program on the mobile phone performed an authentication test and output the result of this test via a display or an acoustic interface on the mobile phone.

Under a flash light is understood in photography, a lighting device that provides for an object illumination at the moment of recording by means of a flash of light. An electronic flash device is a z. B. in a data collection device or in a

Image recording device, z. B. in a camera or in a mobile phone, z. B. in a smartphone built-in flash unit with a on a gas discharge tube based flash lamp works. Electronic flash devices usually work with

xenon-filled flash tubes. When the flash unit is triggered, a capacitor previously charged to a few 100 volts, e.g. B. discharged a cylindrical electrolytic capacitor or a plate-shaped flat-building polymer capacitor, whereby in the interior of the flash tube, a very short, light gas discharge is generated. A typical lighting duration of this flash is between about 1/300 and 1 / 40,000 seconds depending on the power and control. The emitted spectral range of a xenon-filled flash tube extends continuously from the ultraviolet range to the visible range through to the

Infrared range, depending on the design of the flash tube a particularly high

Radiation intensity in the wavelength range z. B. between 300 nm and 500 nm or between 880 nm and 1000 nm.

Alternatively, LEDs are used in mobile phones or smart phones, preferably power LEDs as a flash unit, z. For example, a flash LED of the Luxeon product line from Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, San Jose, California, USA, or the Oslux or Ceramos product line from OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH, Regensburg, DE. These flashlight LEDs have i. d. R. two spectral maxima, namely at about 440 nm (blue) and at about 570 nm (yellow), resulting in at least approximately white light for a viewer in the additive color mixture.

WO 2013/054290 A1 discloses a security element or security document having a support and at least one first feature attached to the support having a dynamic effect, wherein the dynamic effect occurs due to excitation by illumination with a selected wavelength or a wavelength band, and a produces an optical spectral response, wherein the optical spectral response dynamically changes during illumination excitation over an observable time period between a plurality of color phenomena, the first dynamic effect feature being located in a region of the carrier close to one on the carrier attached adjacent feature is arranged, wherein the adjacent feature has a color impression, which is selected such that this color impression enhances and / or supplemented at least one color impression of the first feature with the dynamic effect. This dynamic effect is preferably caused by a pigment, as z. B. in the

WO 2007/005354 A2 describes which pigment has more than one color impression under a uniform prolonged irradiation with electromagnetic radiation. According to WO 2007/005354 A2, such a pigment comprises a core with a carrier substance and either a fluorescent material or a phosphorescent material, wherein the core has a substantially spherical shape, wherein a shell surrounding the core is provided, wherein the shell is photochromic material which has a first optical property in the radiation of a first light source and in which radiation of a second light source has a second optical property, wherein the second light source contains a set of wavelengths that are insufficient in the first light source, the second optical Property of the fluorescent material or the

attenuates radiation emitted by phosphorescent material. The first optical property is z. B. substantially transparent. The second light source comprises z. B. ultraviolet wavelengths.

WO 2015/1 14 540 A2 discloses a method and material for the passive thwarting of scanner-based reproduction methods.

EP 2 637 145 A1 proposes a method for the authentication and / or identification of a document or an article in which circularly polarizing liquid crystals in a printing ink in a stochastic distribution, i. H.

Random distribution are included, wherein by means of a liquid crystal caused by the circular polarization of incident light, the authenticity of this document or article is checked. Such liquid crystals have a cholesteric phase with a nematic order with continuously rotating preferential orientation. from that This results in a helical superstructure with a periodicity of typically several 100 nm. The thus continuously twisted optical medium acts as a one-dimensional photonic crystal with a photonic band gap for circularly polarized light with the same handedness as the helical order. Cholesteric liquid crystal films therefore exhibit selective reflection of circularly polarized light. Unlike reflection on metallic or dielectric mirrors, cholesteric remains

Liquid crystal films receive the handedness of the circular polarization.

DE 103 04 805 A1 or WO 2004/070667 A2 each discloses a method for the production of security features in which the security identifier contains a random pattern. The security identifier is z. B. formed by the reflective surface of each object to be marked. Alternatively, the safety mark of particles, e.g. As colored particles, pigments,

Effect pigments, sand, dust, crystals (eg salt crystals of different colors), ferromagnetic, magnetizable, permanent magnetic, fluorescent, phosphorescent, iridescent, opalescent or radioactive particles formed. The particular machine-readable random pattern is applied to a product or a label. From a read random pattern, a fingerprint is extracted in the form of a data set containing the individual features of the pattern. This fingerprint is saved individually for each security code. During authentication, the fingerprint is extracted again and the match with the stored fingerprint is verified.

Suitable particles in safety characteristics are, for example, organic and inorganic, especially inorganic, fluorescent particles, as described, for example, by the company Leuchtstoffwerk Breitungen GmbH (98597 Breitungen,

www.leuchtstoffwerk.com). Also suitable are crystals, for. B. platelet-shaped crystals, liquid crystals, reflective pigments of at least two layers with different refractive index, effect pigments (interference pigments, Pearlescent and metallic luster pigments). Effect pigments are offered, for example, on the one hand under the trade names lriodin® / Afflair® and Colourstream® by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, and on the other hand under the trade name Helicone® by Wacker Chemie, Burghausen. A particular advantage of reflective particles is the fact that a) they are subject to almost no wear by light in contrast to fluorescent particles and b) depending on the viewing and

Lighting angle different random patterns arise. Such changes arise z. For example, when looking at the effect pigments, each individual pigment acts as a microscopic mirror for light of a particular wavelength, which reflects that light in its random spatial orientation, creating three-dimensional random patterns. The particles used have, for example, one

Diameter between 0.1 μηη and 1 μηη, between 1 μηη and 10 μηη, between 10 μηη and 80 μηη, between 80 μηη and 150 μηη or between 150 μηη and 2000 μηη, and each having a thickness of up to 50 μηη, preferably up to 10 μηη , more preferably up to 3 μηη. The particles are preferably introduced into a matrix (carrier). The resulting mixture is used to coat objects. Suitable as matrix are paints and varnishes, preferably water, solvent, powder, UV varnishes, epoxy resins, plastics (eg polyethylene), ethyl acetate and comparable materials, paraffins, waxes and wax-like coatings (eg Flexane ). The particles can also be incorporated in printing inks. Preference is given to printing inks for screen, gravure, flexographic and offset printing, the ink layer thickness being <= 20 μm, preferably <= 10 μm, more preferably <= 5 μm, very particularly preferably <= 3 μm. The

Concentration in percent by weight of the particles in the matrix is between 0.01% and 30%, preferably between 0.01% and 1%, between 1% and 10%, and between 10% and 30%, particularly preferably between 0.01% and 1% and between 10% and 15%.

A stochastic distribution, ie a random distribution of optically active particles in a layer with readable information for the authentication and / or identification of a Security feature is z. B. also described in WO 2006/078220 A1, said particles have a longitudinal extent preferably in the range between 10 nm and 500 μηι.

Likewise, US 2001/0010333 A1 describes random patterns with optically detectable colored fibers or filaments in order to make an object unique and thus, after illumination with a light source, by the detection of the optical pattern of the object z. B. by means of a photo sensor to make this object identifiable.

WO 2007/131043 A2 also discloses an object to be authenticated having a substrate and a marking on the substrate, wherein the marking is a

luminescent material, said material being distributed in a random pattern, said luminescent material having photoluminescence with a quantum efficiency of at least 10 percent. The marker has particles with the

luminescent material, these particles are distributed in the random pattern. The particles have a size in the nanometer range.

WO 2013/144645 A1 also relates to a method for producing a marking in order to distinguish between genuine and counterfeit goods, wherein at least one coding is applied to a surface, wherein the coding after the

Randomly, so that the coding has a unique pattern when subjected to a certain type of stimulus. It can also be applied to a variety of codes. The unique pattern arises z. B. from the fact that the position of elements of the coding is visible only under UV radiation, that the visible color of the elements of the coding is visible only under UV radiation, or that the position of the elements of the coding and the visible color of the elements Coding under IR radiation are visible.

Furthermore, WO 2010/023243 A1 discloses an identification feature for Identification of an object is known which comprises at least two identification elements, wherein at least a first of the identification elements is given by at least one defined limited surface with a defined diffractive surface structure, which is visible by light irradiation in the visual area, and wherein at least a second of the identification elements within an optical

Detection field is provided, which detects the defined limited surface of the first identification element at least partially, wherein the first and the second identification element are each an integral part of the object.

Preferably, this is at least one second identification element by a

Random structure in a surface of the second identification element or the

Subject given, wherein the random structure of the second identification element z. B. is integrated in the defined diffractive surface structure of the first identification element. The at least one second identification element is z. B. not visible. To identify the object, the position at which the at least one second identification element is arranged relative to the at least one first identification element is stored. Further, identification information unique to the at least one second identification element is stored. to

Identification, an image of the first identification element is compared with the stored data.

By DE 28 29 778 A1 a note such. As a credit card or card with individual features known, these features on or in the map area available in random distribution and physically scanned, wherein for generating a reproducible, the random distribution of the characteristics corresponding sample size on or in the card with optical means scannable and opposite the environment contrasting track is provided, the optical properties of which

Random distribution of the features that are in line with the track is modulated. The features are z. B. absorbing and / or scattering structures in one or more levels of the stamp, the structures z. B. inclusions in the layers of Wertzeichen are. The line has z. B. in random distribution fluorescent particles that vary in size and in their mutual distance from each other.

From DE 196 1 1 383 A1 a data carrier with a surface-mounted, optically variable security element is known, wherein the

Security element at least two viewing angles one each

the visual appearance of the medium is at least in a sub-area provided with at least one authenticity feature, and wherein the security element at least partially overlaps this background layer, wherein the background layer is arranged so that they are not completely from at least in one direction covered by the security element. The background layer contains z. B. at least one authenticity feature from the group of luminescent, metallic, magnetic electrically conductive substances or optically variable pigments. In the background layer are z. B. visually and / or machine readable information.

WO 2013/034471 A1 discloses a device for recognizing a document, the document having a security feature with wavelength conversion properties, having: a) a light-generating device which is designed to illuminate the security feature for emitting light with excitation light; b) an image pickup device configured to receive a light emitted by the security feature in response to the excitation light to obtain an emission pickup, the image pickup device further configured to receive light emitted by the security feature in response to a reference light to obtain a reference pickup ; and c) a processor configured to recognize the document based on the emission recording and the reference recording. In this case, the reference light z. B. white light, especially daylight, or the light generating device is designed such that Reference light to generate, in particular as a continuous light during reference recording, or the light generating device is designed such

To generate reference light pulses as the reference light during reference recording. The processor is z. B. so formed, the emission recording with the

Compare reference shot to obtain a comparison result and to recognize the document on the basis of the comparison result, wherein the reference light in particular has a predetermined wavelength, and wherein the processor is adapted to a wavelength difference between the predetermined wavelength and at least one wavelength of the emission light, or a temporal

Wavelength profile of the emission light with respect to the predetermined wavelength, in particular a time course of a wavelength amplitude or

Wavelength differences, to determine the comparison result. The device is preferably a mobile communication device, in particular a smartphone, wherein the light generating device is an LED flash unit of the mobile communication device, and wherein the image pickup device is a digital camera of the mobile communication device. Alternatively or additionally, the

Device a transceiver unit, which is formed, the emission recording or the reference recording or a comparison result of a comparison of

Send emission recording with the reference recording via a communication network to a remote server for the purpose of document recognition and, in response thereto, receive a result of the document recognition. The device comprises a control device for activating the light-generating device in order to

Excitation light and / or to generate reference light. The control device can be set up by programming and, for example, be designed to be

Computer program, which may be an application software (APP) to execute. The security feature exhibiting wavelength conversion properties may include, for example, siliceous pigments, especially silicate phosphorous pigments, silicate, sulfide, nitride, YAG, TAG, thiogallate phosphorous pigments added to a printing ink. Such a security feature emits in response to an excitation with blue light of the wavelength of about 400 nm, a color-shifted light spectrum, which may have, for example, light of the color green, yellow, orange and / or red. To excite such a security feature, therefore, an LED can be used whose light emission spectrum blue light in a

Wavelength range between 390 nm to 470 nm includes. The document recognition can therefore be performed by means of an ordinary smartphone equipped with an LED flash unit. The excitation light may therefore comprise or be blue light in a wavelength range from 390 nm to 470 nm, preferably in a wavelength range between 430 nm and 460 nm. For this purpose, the light generating device can comprise an LED for generating continuous light or flash light or pulsed light. In response to the excitation with the excitation light, the security feature is excited to emit light. Due to the wavelength conversion properties of the security feature, which can be realized, for example, by the use of a silicate compound, such as silicate phosphor, this emits

Security feature light that has a wavelength that differs from a

Wavelength of the excitation light is different. The emission recording thus contains information about a security feature in response to the

Excitation light emitted wavelength spectrum. By analogy, this includes

Referencing Information about a reference wavelength spectrum that is emissive by the security feature in response to the reference light.

EP 2 698 404 A1 discloses a group of identification information for verifying authenticity and identity, wherein the information serving for the identification can be identified by an enlargement or amplification, the group comprising a first information element and a second information element not the second information element by any magnification or

Gain can be identified with which the first information element is identified. WO 2013/060831 A2 is for purposes of information coding and as

A security feature comprising a method of identifying an article comprising a shape memory polymer (FGP) having a visually and / or machine readable graphical element on the surface of the article comprising the steps of:

 a) pretreating the surface of the article;

 b) inking the surface of the article with a dye solution containing an organic dye and an organic solvent;

 c) cleaning and drying the surface of the article;

 d) engraving by at least partially removing the surface of the article.

 As shape memory polymers (FGP), plastics are generally referred to which, after being transformed, can apparently "remember" their former, outer shape and thus have a shape memory. To retrieve the former form, the FGP must be exposed to a stimulus. For example, this stimulus may be a supply of heat by directly or indirectly heating the affected FGP. Direct heating of the FGP may be from the outside by hot air, by IR radiation, for example by exposure to sunlight or the airflow of a hot-air fan or by direct contact with a heat storage medium, such as a previously heated fluid. For example, the heat can be supplied by immersion in warm water.

By the subsequently published DE 10 2014 207 323 A1 a method for the identification of an object is known, in which for the identification of the object a

Identification feature is used with a plurality within a defined limited area on or on the object arranged identification elements, wherein in a first operating state of the identification feature by irradiation of the surface having the identification elements having a first visible light

Identification element is visually recognizable and a second identification element is not visually recognizable, wherein the second identification element as one of pigments or formed from at least one dye random structure is formed, wherein in a second operating state of the identification feature by irradiating the surface having the identification elements with a different electromagnetic radiation from the first operating state, the random structure of the second

Identification element is visually recognizable, a first image being detected by the identification feature with a first data acquisition device in a first illumination situation, wherein the acquired first image is stored in the form of digitized image data or a first information decoded from the acquired first image in each case in a first memory, wherein in a second, different from the first lighting situation of the same identification feature with a second

Data acquisition device, a second image is detected, wherein the detected second image in the form of digitized image data or decoded from the second image detected second information are stored in a second memory, wherein in the second lighting situation, a lighting device with at least one light source of a semiconductor material or a Lighting device is used with at least one gas discharge tube.

The subsequently published DE 10 2014 207 318 A1 discloses an identification feature with a plurality of identification elements arranged in a defined limited area for identifying an object, wherein in a first operating state of the identification feature, a first identification element can be visually recognized by irradiating the surface having the identification elements with visible light is and a second identification element is not visually recognizable, wherein the second identification element is formed as a random structure formed from pigments or formed from particles of at least one dye random structure, wherein in a second operating state of the identification feature by a

Irradiation of the identification elements having surface with a different from the first operating state electromagnetic radiation at least the

Random structure of the second identification element is visually recognizable, wherein the first Identification element is designed as an array of code-associated characters and / or meaning carriers, wherein each of the characters or

Meaning carrier of this arrangement is formed in each case as a pixel-based raster graphics, wherein the pigments or the particles of the at least one dye of the second identification element are contained in a printing ink or in an ink, wherein the pixels of the first identification element are formed from this ink or ink concerned ,

DE 10 2013 102 364 A1 discloses a method for producing a

Identification feature with integrated copy protection known in which one

a) generates a machine-readable identification feature, preferably in the form of a matrix code or quick-response code,

b) imprinting the identification feature on the object to be marked, preferably in ink-jet printing, digital printing or thermal printing, particularly preferably in ink-jet printing,

c) generates a physical random feature by mixing particles capable of absorbing, emitting or reflecting electromagnetic radiation into a curable liquid which is preferably transparent and either together with the identification feature or separately but in close spatial proximity Applying proximity to the identification feature on the object to be marked, wherein the particles are randomly distributed during the application and fixed by curing in their respective random position.

By DE 10 2013 102 365 A1 an identification feature with integrated

Copy protection known, comprising

a) a machine-readable identification feature, preferably in the form of a

Matrix codes or quick-response codes, which is printed on the object to be marked, preferably in ink jet printing, digital printing or thermal printing, particularly preferably in ink jet printing, as well as b) a physical random feature generated by mixing particles capable of absorbing, emitting or reflecting electromagnetic radiation into a curable liquid which is preferably transparent and either together with the identification feature a) or separately , but in

immediate spatial proximity to the identification feature a) on the

applying the characterizing object, wherein the particles are randomly distributed during the application and fixed by curing in their respective random position.

DE 10 2013 022 028 A1 discloses a value document, in particular a banknote, with a visually and machine-readable individualizing identifier, which is formed from alphanumeric characters, and with a machine-readable inspection element, wherein the individualizing identifier is a machine-readable identifier

Coding and the test element contains the type of coding for verifying the authenticity of the individualizing mark in a coded form.

In the online library WIKIPEDIA, under the keyword Aesculin, there is an indication that this substance fluoresces blue under ultraviolet light [26.07.2015. URL:

https://de.wikipedia.Org/w/index. php? title = Aesculin & oldid = 144424767, retrieved on 25.05.2016].

In the online library WIKIPEDIA, under the heading soot, there is evidence that this substance is a black, powdery solid and that carbon black is used as a black pigment [30.09.2015. URL:

https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ru%C3%9F&oldid=146565693, retrieved on 25.05.2016].

The presentation by Stefan GÜTTLER, titled "Developments in Digital Manufacturing", dated 18.10.2012 [URL: https: //www.hdm- stuttgart.de/digitaldruck/Events/2012_10_18_digitrends/9_Vortrag_18-10-12.pdf, retrieved on 25.05.2016] addresses trends and applications in digital manufacturing.

In the online library WIKIPEDIA can be found under the keyword reflection (physics) [03.09.2015. URL:

https: //en.wi kipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reflexion_%28Physik%29&oldid=

145692527, retrieved 25.05.2016] the explanation that reflection in physics refers to the rejection of waves at an interface at which the

Characteristic impedance or the refractive index of the propagation medium changes.

The presentation by Ulrike HERZAU-GERHARDT, titled: Printing or Coating - Organic Electronics Saxony - Workshop, dated 20.03.2013 [URL:

http://www.oesnet.de/uploads/media/Vortrag_HTWK_Herzau-Gerhardt.pdf, retrieved on 25.05.2016] mentions average layer thicknesses of various printing processes.

In the document "Digital Printing Technology" by Larisa SALUN, WS 201 1/12 [URL:

http://www.idd.tu-darmstadt.de/media/fachgebiet_idd/studium_und_lehre/vorlesungen_ 4 / digitale_drucktechnologie_1 / ws_201 1_2 / DDT_WS1 1 12_08-2_lnkjet_V1 .pdf [retrieved on 16.06.2016], p. 1, 2, 12 , 45 are named some physical properties of inks.

In an abstract called on 16.04.2014 under the Internet address http://iopscience.iop.org/0957- 4484/23/39/395201 / cites of the document "Security printing of covert quick response codes using upconverting nanoparticle inks" of Jeevan M Meruga et al, published by the Institute of Physics (IOP) at the University of the State of South Dakota and the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology on September 1, 2012 in IOP Publishing's Journal Nanotechnology, Volume 23, Item 395201, doi: 10.1088 / 0957-4484 / 23/39/395201, a quick response (QR) code printed on a substrate is described, this QR code being under normal Daylight conditions is not visible, but is readable by irradiation with a radiation in the near infrared range, the visualized QR code can then be detected by a camera of a smartphone. This QR code is z. B. used for authenticity of banknotes, (value) documents or objects. The QR code can be incorporated with a microscopic message that z. B. is readable only with a microscope. The QR code is generated by means of a CAD system. The QR code is z. B. from a mixture of ß-NaYF ₄ nanoparticles with lanthanides, z. Yb ³⁺ / Er ³⁺ and / or Yb ³⁺ / Tm ³⁺ , and green and blue fluorescent inks. The term lanthanides refers to the chemical element lanthanum and the 14 im

Periodic table on the lanthanum following elements cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium. All lanthanoids are silvery, relatively soft and reactive metals and are part of the group of rare earth metals.

The QR code described in the abovementioned abstract is in one

Direct printing with an aerosol jet printer printed on the substrate. Details of an aerosol jet printer are z. As described in WO 2006/065978 A2. An aerosol jet printer first atomises a printing ink having a viscosity between 1 cP and 1,000 cP into fine droplets having a size of from 1 μm to 5 μm, preferably from 1 μm to 2 μm, and introduces these droplets into a first gas stream, the latter being first gas stream which transports the thus aerosolized ink to a printhead. On the printhead, a second gas stream arranged annularly around the first gas stream is provided, by means of which the first gas stream conveying the aerosolized ink is reduced to a diameter of z. B. less than 10 μηη is collimated. Both gas streams leave a printing material nozzle of the printhead at high speed and transfer the fine droplets of the ink to the nozzle of the printhead at a distance of z. B. 1 mm to 5 mm arranged substrate. Such an aerosol jet printer achieves a resolution of less than 10 μηη, ie more than 2,500 dpi. An aerosol jet printer differs accordingly in its operation and in its construction of an inkjet printer. Differences to an inkjet printer exist z. B. in that the size of a ejected from an inkjet printer drop of ink z. B. at about 30 μηι and the volume of an inkjet printer ejected drop of ink so that it is about two hundred times greater than an aerosol jet printer. Also, an inkjet printer typically uses ink with a viscosity between 8 cP and 12 cP, which is significantly higher than an aerosol jet printer

restricted area means.

A code is an agreement on a set of signs or meaning carriers for the purpose of an information exchange. The characters or meaning carriers of a code can be visually readable or haptically detectable or not directly usable by humans, but readable by means of a technical device, d. H. be machine-readable. A code is z. As well as a visually readable or haptic detectable font, since a font is a sign system for the preservation and dissemination of encoded information. The characters of a font can be z. B. each act on an alphanumeric character or another character. At the for a certain code

agreed meaning carriers are, for. Each is, for example, a pictograph that represents something material or an ideogram representing an abstract concept.

In the merchandise management or logistics, various machine-readable, in particular opto-electronically readable, z. B. with a CCD camera or with a CMOS camera or with a scanner detectable codes, eg. B.

Barcodes, used by each of which information z. B. about a product in a sequence of different characters, eg. B. different width black and white stripes ("strokes") is shown as a 2D code or 2D barcode

Two-dimensional codes called consisting of different widths or points and gaps in between with the highest possible contrast. In contrast to the one-dimensional barcodes (English barcode) are in a 2D code the Data is coded not only in one direction (one-dimensional), but matrix-shaped in an area over two dimensions. Examples of a 2D code are those in the

International Standard ISO / IEC 16022 defined DataMatrix code or the QR code according to ISO / IEC 18004 or the MaxiCode developed by UPS for the rapid identification, tracking and sorting of packets or the Aztec code specified in the ISO / IEC 24778 standard.

The two-dimensional QR code consists of a rectangular, mostly square pixel pattern, wherein the individual pixels or symbol elements consist of contrasting, preferably white and black squares and a z. B. encoded with a mathematical algorithm information content thus represent binary. A QR code contains at least 21 x21 and a maximum of 177x177 symbol elements. A QR code can be read by means of a smartphone with a camera, in particular with a semiconductor camera, and with a program designed as a "QR code reader", ie a so-called APP, whereby the reading is generally omnidirectional A QR code arranged on a support contains markings for identifying its position and orientation at defined locations, and information on the resolution and version of the pixel pattern as well as the data format of the in the data stored in the pixel pattern and theirs

Error correction deposited, one of a set of allowed

Error correction levels selected error correction level is set during the generation of that QR code. Thus, four error-correcting error correction levels L, M, Q and H were determined, according to which 7% (level L), 15%, 25% or 30% (level H) z. B. due to destruction or incorrect production unreadable data can be restored. Each QR code can encode up to 7,089 numbers or 4,296 letters.

With respect to an array of characters associated with a code or Meaning carriers are pixel picture elements or picture elements to which a color value is assigned in each case in a graphic, in particular in a raster graphic, wherein a raster graphic represents an image in the form of computer-readable data. A raster graphics thus consists of a lattice-like arrangement of pixels, that is to say an arrangement in a plurality of respectively adjacent columns and these columns each intersecting rows.

Contrast refers to a difference between bright and dark areas or colors of an image. Contrast is a distinguishing feature for one

Brightness gradient of an image or at least between two pixels. Of the

Contrast range or dynamics describe the intensity difference between the brightest and darkest points of an image. The contrast is defined by the maximum luminance and minimum luminance present in the image or between the pixels. Different intensities of the respective luminance are perceived by the human eye according to the Weber-Fechner law not linear, but logarithmic. So that a visual or an optical system, eg. As an eye or a camera can perceive an object, this object must be sufficiently large and have a sufficiently high contrast. This is understood to mean the limit of visibility that is reached when objects that are viewed and z. B. imaged on the retina in the human eye or on an image sensor in a camera, no longer delineate the contour and contrast of the surrounding luminance. This means that the recognizability of objects depends essentially on the ability of the visual or optical system to perceive brightness differences. Thus, for the perception of an object is a certain

Minimum contrast required, which is higher in low light conditions than in brighter light.

In principle, an object can only be perceived optically if the relevant object at the same time with respect to the visual or optical system which detects this object at the time of image acquisition or image acquisition has the following four Minimum requirements met:

 a) minimum luminance

 b) minimum contrast

 c) minimum size

 d) Minimum duration of the performance

The invention has for its object to provide an identification feature for the identification of an object that in a printing process in bulk and

can be formed inexpensively and a reliable statement regarding the identity and / or authenticity of the object in question allowed.

The object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments and / or developments emerge from the dependent claims.

The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that the claimed identification feature in one with a printing press

executable printing process in a simple way mass and can be produced inexpensively. The identification feature contains in a defined limited area a plurality of identification elements for the identification of an object, of which, however, an identification element in the visual area is not recognizable and thus usually remains hidden to a human observer. A first identification element is preferably designed as an arrangement of characters and / or meaning carriers belonging to a code. In an advantageous embodiment, the first identification element is designed as an arrangement of characters or meaning carriers of a multi-dimensional code, for. B. in the form of a pixel pattern having QR code. Such a trained first identification element is both high device complexity and both generated and machine-readable. To read a conventional smartphone that is equipped with a camera and already enough via an app suitable for reading a QR code, ie application software. The second identification element is formed as a random structure formed of pigments or of a dye, this random structure only by a

Irradiation with electromagnetic energy of a certain wavelength in the visual area is recognizable and thereby photographically reproducible. The random structure makes the identification unique, so based on the second

Identification element an examination of the authenticity and / or identity of the relevant identification feature-bearing object z. B. is easily possible by comparison with a previously created pattern image. The pigments or the at least one dye of the second identification element are contained in a printing ink or in an ink, so that z. B. from this ink or ink formed pixels of the first identification element can be arranged by means of a printing forme-bound printing process or by means of a pressure-formless printing process on the object.

Based on and incorporating the previously given general

Explanations of scientific and / or technical facts is shown in the drawings an embodiment of the invention and will be described in more detail below.

They show by way of example:

1 shows an identification feature with a QR code;

FIG. 2 shows a representation of a random structure within the QR code; FIG.

3 shows a planar configuration of the random structure within the QR code.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a preferably of a printing device Printing machine trained in particular in an inkjet printing process

Identification 01 with several identification elements for identification and / or authentication of this identification feature 01 bearing

Object, wherein the identification feature 01 z. B. is arranged on a surface of this article. The identification elements of the identification feature 01 are located within a defined limited area on or on the object. All identification elements belonging to the relevant identification feature 01 are arranged within that area which occupies the relevant identification feature 01 on the surface of the relevant object. Thus, in this same area at least a first identification element and a second

Identification element present, wherein the second identification element has the function of a security feature. The first identification element is preferably designed as an arrangement of code-associated characters and / or meaning carriers, wherein each of the characters or meaning carriers of this arrangement is in each case designed as a pixel-based graphic, these pixels being applied by application of an ink or an ink are formed on the surface of the subject or are. In another embodiment variant, the first identification element is not considered to be an especially machine-readable one

Information carrier used, but forms only the environment for the second

Identification element. The pigments or the particles of the at least one dye of the second identification element are contained in the printing ink or in the ink. The second identification element comprising the pigments or the particles of the at least one dye therefore becomes, together with the first identification element formed from the printing ink or the ink, in the same or only a single one

Step applied to the surface of the subject. The second identification element is thus at the time of the arrangement of

Identification feature 01 on the surface of the object in question always a part of the first identification element and not readily separable from the first identification element. In an advantageous embodiment variant, the first identification element is designed as a multi-dimensional code, for. B. as a two-dimensional code having a pixel pattern, in particular as a QR code. In the case of the configuration as a pixel pattern, at least two contrasting configurations of pixels 02 are present in the respective pixel pattern, ie at least two different types of pixels 02 are present, ie they form optical contrast contrasts. These pixels 02 are in the relevant first identification element for the purpose of their visual perception in at least two different shades, z. B. designed in a color pairing, z. Black / White or Blue / Yellow or Red / Green. Of course, there are others too

Color pairings or the use of more than two shades possible, as long as the shades used one for those with an optical or visual system

have made optical perception sufficient contrast. The contrast can then be considered sufficient if the different types of pixels 02 as such are different from the optical or visual system, e.g. From one

Data acquisition device or image recording device, in particular a scanner or a (semiconductor) camera, z. B. with a CCD image sensor or with a CMOS image sensor, optically perceptible and the different configurations of the pixels 02 are clearly distinguishable from each other. This minimum contrast is dependent on the design of the optical or visual system used and also on the relevant identification feature 01 at the time of the data acquisition or

Image recording ambient light conditions dependent. The pixels 02 of the pixel pattern are preferably each formed in their geometric configuration as a rectangle, in particular as a square. An arrangement of the respective pixels 02 selected for the formation of the pixel pattern represents a z. B. encoded using a computing unit using mathematical algorithms, in particular

machine-readable information content. In the case illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 1 to 3, a link to the Internet page www.kba.com is coded in the QR code. In a further advantageous embodiment, the first identification element is designed as a visually readable or haptic detectable font. In this case, the font in particular has at least one alphanumeric character. In yet another advantageous embodiment variant, at least one meaning carrier belonging to the code in the arrangement is designed as a pictogram or as an ideogram.

In a first operating state of the identification feature 01, the first

Identification element by irradiation of the identification elements

Visible surface visible with visible light and the second

Identification element is not visually recognizable. In a second operating state of the identification feature 01 is by irradiation of the identification elements having surface with a different from the first operating state

electromagnetic radiation, the random structure formed of pigments or of particles of at least one dye formed random structure of the second

Identification element, which within the same defined limited area as the first identification element is arranged on the object, visually recognizable. The random structure of the second identification element formed either from pigments or particles of the at least one dye preferably represents a second machine-readable information content. If the random structure of the second identification element formed either from pigments of a colorant or from particles of the at least one dye forms a second machine-readable information content, this becomes Information content preferably by means of a computing unit z. B. by a gray value determination or other threshold value evaluation in terms of the number and / or intensity of the pigments or particles concerned or in terms of the filled in the first identification element or

claimed area determined. The respective information content of the first and / or second identification element is preferably in each case omnidirectionally readable. As FIG. 2 shows by way of example, the second identification element is designed as one

Pigments 03 formed or at least one dye formed random structure, wherein the formed from pigments 03 or the at least one dye

Random structure of the second identification element only due to a by irradiation of electromagnetic energy having a wavelength z. B. caused by the UV region optical change for a viewer in the visual field is recognizable and can be photographed. For the optical perception of the second identification element so it requires an excitation, which takes place in the form of an energy supply, this energy is of an electromagnetic nature and preferably originates from a radiation whose respective wavelength z. B. is in the UV range. Basically, an emission spectrum of the radiation that is in the second operating state of the

Identification feature 01 is irradiated in the surface having the identification elements, the wavelength of at least one absorption line of the pigments or the particles of the at least one dye of the second identification element, wherein the radiation energy absorbed by the respective pigment or the relevant particles of the dye that pigment or the relevant particles of the dye to an emission of electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible light causes. In a preferred embodiment, the

Radiation energy of the radiated in the second operating state of the identification feature 01 in the surface having the identification elements electromagnetic radiation at least 1, 59 eV.

The pigments 03 or the particles of the at least one dye of the second

Identification element are preferably included in a printing-technical production of the first identification element, that is used here for printing, for example, the QR code ink or ink, wherein at least a subset of the pixels 02 of the first identification element forming pixel pattern of this ink or ink are formed. The first identification element and the second identification element are each z. B. in a compression-molded Printing process, preferably in an offset printing process or in a gravure printing process or in a high-pressure process, or in a pressure-formless, ie direct printing process, for. Example, in an inkjet printing process or in an aerosol jet printing process, on the object, that is arranged on the surface or applied to the article. The object on whose surface the

Identification 01 is formed, z. As a substrate, on soft means of a printing press several identifiers 01 in a printing process z. B. be formed in a benefit. The substrate is z. B. formed as a web or as a sheet, the printing material z. B. made of paper or a plastic film or of a metal foil or of a textile. In another embodiment, the identification feature 01 is formed directly and directly on the surface of the object by means of a printing process, wherein the object z. B. as a package, in particular as a hollow body, for. B. as a (glass) bottle or as a (tin) can or as a plastic container, or as a salable product such as. B. is made of a plastic or of a ceramic or of a metal or wood. In the case of several on the

Substrate applied identification features 01 these are separated after their printing. The respective, z. B. each formed as a label individual

Identification features 01 are then available to be applied to another object or product whose identity and / or authenticity is to be subjected to a check at a later time on the basis of the relevant identification feature. The second identification element embodied as a random structure formed from pigments 03 or the at least one dye can, like the respective first identification element belonging to the same identification feature 01, be printed for the several on the printing substrate in a same production process

Identifiers 01 are the same or different, d. H. be individually trained.

In a preferred embodiment, the contained in the ink or ink, the In order to form the random structure, pigments 03 have a core with a carrier substance and with either a fluorescent material or with a phosphorescent material, the core preferably having a substantially spherical shape. In this case, a shell surrounding the core is provided, wherein the shell contains photochromic material with which a radiation emitted by the fluorescent material or the phosphorescent material is attenuated or at least attenuatable. The pigments used to form the random structure 03 then correspond to z. As the embodiment described in WO 2007/005354 A2.

Based on the previously described, a method is proposed in which for the identification of the object and / or to check its authenticity

Identification feature is used with a plurality within a defined limited area on or on the object arranged identification elements, wherein in a first operating state of the identification feature by irradiation of the surface having the identification elements having a first visible light

Identification element is visually recognizable and a second identification element is visually not recognizable, wherein the second identification element as an integral part of the first identification element as one of pigments or of particles

formed in a second operating state of the identification feature by irradiating the surface having the identification elements with a different from the first operating state electromagnetic radiation, the random structure of the second

Identification element-forming pigments or particles of the at least one dye are excited and visually recognizable for spontaneous emission and for fluorescence or phosphorescence. It is at a first location, eg. B. at the production of the relevant identification feature with a first data acquisition device in a first lighting situation in which the random structure of the second

Identification element is visually recognizable, is detected by the identification feature, a single first image or a sequence of first images, wherein the each detected first image in the form of digitized image data or a first information decoded from the respective detected first image are respectively stored in a first memory, wherein at a second, different from the first location with a second data acquisition device again in a

Illumination situation in which the random structure of the second identification element is visually recognizable, a single second image or a sequence of second images which is preferably identical or at least comparable with respect to the illumination situations is detected, wherein the respective captured second image is in the form of digitized image data or one of the each second detected second image decoded second information are each stored in a second memory, wherein the first memory and the second memory after a second place made request for a data exchange via a

Communication link are connected to each other, according to the

Data transmission the image data and / or the decoded information of the respective stored in the first memory first image of the arranged on or on the object identification feature and the image data and / or the decoded information of the respective second image of the same on or on this object arranged identification feature using a Computing unit are compared with each other, the identity and / or the authenticity of the object is examined by comparison. The respective sequences exist z. B. from three or more images that are detected in particular in different lighting situations, with a first figure z. B. under normal daylight conditions with light in the wavelength range of 380 nm to 790 nm and a second image during irradiation of the identification feature with a radiation z. B. from the IR range or UV range and a third image after completion of the irradiation of the identification feature with the radiation z. B. from the IR range or UV range are detected. The respective sequences for the first image and for the second image preferably each have an equal number of images. The first, preferably non-contact, digital data acquisition device and the second preferably non-contact digital

Data acquisition device are z. B. each a scanner or as a camera, in particular as a digital camera formed. The detection of the first image and / or the detection of the second image take place for. Using a code reader designed as an application program, e.g. B. a QR code reader or a program for automated text recognition or optical character recognition. The first memory and / or the second memory are z. B. each formed as a database in which the respective image is stored digitized in each case in the form of digitized image data and / or in each case one of the detected image concerned decoded information.

The respective mapping and / or decoding takes place temporally before the object z. B. from a supplier, who may also be the manufacturer of the item in question, is delivered to a user, so z. B. at a time in the production of this article or in the application of the identification feature 01 on or on the object or product in question. At another, later time, the user detects, using the irradiation of electromagnetic energy with a wavelength z. B. from the UV region in the second identification element, the respective second image of the identification feature 01, wherein the image data from the respective second image and / or its decoded information is stored at least at short notice. For identification of the object bearing the identification feature 01 and / or for checking the authenticity of this object, the image data of the respective stored first image of the identification feature 01 arranged on the object and the image data of the detected respective second image of the identification feature 01 arranged in this article are then preferably shown in FIG a computing unit z. B. compared with methods of image processing or pattern recognition and checked for conformity. Alternatively or additionally, the first decoded from the detected respective first image Information and decoded from the detected respective second image second information preferably in the arithmetic unit compared and on

Agreement checked.

Given a given and / or inadequate and / or missing match of the stored respective first image of the identification feature 01 arranged on or on the object with the detected respective second image of the identification feature 01 arranged on or on this object, the comparison result executes the comparison result message generated to the user and / or to the supplier or the manufacturer of this item and / or z. B. optically displayed on a display or acoustically. In this case, the comparison of the stored respective first image of the identification feature 01 arranged on the object with the detected respective second image of the identification feature 01, which is arranged on this object, can take place. H. the previously described comparison of their respective digitally present image data or the respective decoded information, in a preferably mobile communication device, for. B. running in a smartphone, which nowadays usually each have a sufficiently powerful computing unit.

In another embodiment variant, the respective captured second image of the identification feature 01 arranged on or on the relevant object is transmitted by the second data acquisition device via a preferably wireless

Communication connection, z. B. via the Internet or a mobile phone connection, to a z. B. from the supplier or manufacturer of the object or operated for him stationary computer, z. B. transmit a network server. The transmission of the image data or the decoded information, in particular of the respective captured second image of the identification feature 01 arranged on or on this object, for example. B. to the stationary computer and / or a transfer of the result of the comparison message z. B. from the stationary computer in particular to the user and / or to the supplier or manufacturer of the object in question and / or a transmission of the message concerning the result of the comparison, eg. B. by the user in particular to the stationary computer and / or to the supplier or manufacturer of the object in question is preferably encrypted in each case.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention are in an amount of z. B. printed in a same production process identification features 01 for all belonging to this set identification features 01 whose respective first

Identification elements each formed the same, d. H. they are all coded with the same information, whereas the respective, to a certain one

Identification 01 belonging second identification element is different in each case from the other belonging to this set second identification elements. This means that in a certain, z. B. in a same production process, in particular produced with a printing set of identification features 01 these identifiers 01 only by their respective pigments or the at least one dye formed random structure which forms in each identification feature 01 respectively the second identification element, but just because This diversity can also be clearly identified. The relevant random structure is z. B. by a

Admixing of luminescent pigments or other luminescent or at least reflective or polarizing particles in the printing ink or ink to be printed and a stochastic distribution of these pigments or particles in the ink or ink prepared, wherein the respective pigments or particles in relation to the area of the respective pixels z. B. the pixel pattern of the first

Identification element are each small. In an alternative embodiment, in an amount of z. B. printed in a same production process identification features 01 not only the respective second identification elements, but in addition at least a subset of the respective first

Identification elements each be formed individually by in the relevant Subset the respective first identification elements or all first identification elements of this set of identification features 01 each with a different from other identification features 01 this amount

Information is encoded.

It can be provided that already z. B. at the end of a production line for

Producing a certain amount of identification features 01 of these identification features 01 in the relevant, z. B. as a printing press

trained production machine continuously according to the

Production progress to produce this set of identification features 01 from each completed identification feature 01 with a non-contact digital data acquisition device, e.g. B. with a scanner or with a camera, recorded at least a first image and z. B. in the form of digital image data in a first memory, in particular stored in a database, this at least a first image of the relevant identification feature 01 respectively only the first

Identification element or each of its first identification element together with its second identification element maps. To perform the mapping of the relevant identification feature 01 in the relevant, z. B. as a printing machine formed production machine or processing machine is a

Lighting device with at least one light source of a semiconductor material, eg. B. a LED or laser illumination device, and / or a scanner or a semiconductor camera with a CCD image sensor or a CMOS image sensor used. Alternatively, a lighting device may be used with at least one gas discharge tube, for. B. with a xenon filled flash tube. The production machine or processing machine can also be designed as a packaging machine or as a bottling plant or as a packaging machine. The first image is preferably acquired without the use of a polarizing filter or a color filter or another accessory which manipulates the light remitting by the relevant identification feature 01. In the first lighting situation present at the first location and in the second lighting situation existing at the second location, in each case an electromagnetic radiation is used which is at least partially absorbed by the pigments or the particles of the at least one dye of the random structure. The electromagnetic radiation absorbing pigments or particles of the at least one dye of the random structure are excited by the at least partial absorption of the relevant electromagnetic radiation at least to a visually detectable luminescence, preferably also to fluorescence or phosphorescence, wherein the first image and the second image of the respective data acquisition device each during the luminescence of the pigments or the particles of the at least one

Dye of the random structure are detected.

It is advantageous to be formed in a printing process identification features 01 of the type described above with a z. B. form as a sheet-fed press or as a web-fed printing press. This printing machine preferably has at least one printing in an inkjet printing process

Printing device, said pressure device, the relevant

Identification 01 formed by applying each of the pigments 03 or the particles of the at least one dye of the second identification element containing ink or ink on the surface of the object in question. This printing press has a control unit that controls the printing process carried out by the printing press, and preferably a plurality of drives and / or adjusting elements, wherein the drives and / or adjusting elements of the control unit z. B. depending on particular in this printing machine z. B. sensory detected or from

programmatically, z. B. predetermined by a production planning system

Parameters are controlled. The control unit and z. As the controlled by her drives and / or actuators are preferably in a particular digital network, eg. B. connected in a bus system at least in terms of data technology, wherein the Actuators and / or control elements of the control unit by a data communication over the network, in particular depending on in this printing machine sensory detected or controlled by program parameters are controlled. It is advantageous, even the relevant identification feature 01 training

To connect printing device to this network and the respective

Identification 01 related data over this network z. B. of the

Control unit controlled to communicate. In the printing machine is preferably connected to the network, z. B. trained as a camera

At least one image is detected by the identification feature 01, wherein the at least one acquired image is stored in the form of digitized image data or an information decoded from the at least one acquired image respectively in a preferably connected to the network memory. The image data stored in the memory or the decoded information stored there are preferably only communicated via the network after a request triggered outside the printing press.

In an advantageous embodiment, with the in the printing machine

arranged data acquisition device of the respective identification feature 01 in a fixed period of time a sequence of several images detected, wherein at least a part of these images is detected under different lighting situations, the belonging to the same sequence under different

Illuminated situations are each stored in the memory. It is particularly advantageous to capture at least three images from the respective identification feature 01, which is preferably printed in each case with the printing device in an inkjet printing process, with the data acquisition device arranged in the printing machine, wherein a first image is only applied to the z. B. as a QR code formed first identification element, because in the first

Illumination situation, the second identification element having the random structure z. B. under normal daylight conditions, ie at einstrahlendem light in

Wavelength range between 380 nm to 790 nm in particular is not visually detectable or not recognizable. In the second illumination situation, in each case a second image is acquired by the same identification feature 01 or by the same identification features 01 with the data acquisition device arranged in the printing press, wherein in each case the respective illumination situation

Identification features 01 are each irradiated with electromagnetic energy of a certain wavelength, so that the random structure having the second identification element is recognizable together with the first identification element in the visual field and can be detected by the data acquisition device, in particular by a camera can be imaged, the required electromagnetic energy z. B. is provided by a flash unit. In the third illumination situation, the irradiation of the respective identification features 01 is terminated in each case with electromagnetic energy of a specific wavelength for visualization of the second identification element having the random structure, and in each case a third image is produced by the same identification feature 01 or by the same identification features 01 with the data acquisition device arranged in the printing machine detected, wherein now the random structure having second identification element due to spontaneous emission, fluorescence or - if the process is delayed in time and / or persists much longer - of phosphorescence especially in the visual field is recognizable and can be detected by the data acquisition device. This sequence of the at least three images respectively acquired by the same identification feature 01 or by the same identification features 01, in each case with the data acquisition device arranged in the printing press, is, for example, B. evaluable by the control unit to the extent that the relevant identification feature 01 or the respective identifiers 01 created properly with the function of a security feature, ie has been printed or are, creating a test or production control or quality control of the respective identifiers 01 still within the Printing machine is running. The result of this test or Production control or quality control or the respective sequence of images of the same identification feature 01 is z. B. stored in the preferably connected to the network memory.

As described above, a method of production control of printed on a substrate or article by a printing machine is disclosed

Identification features executable, wherein the identification features 01 have a visually detectable under daylight conditions first identification element and under daylight conditions visually unrecognizable second identification element, wherein the second identification element only by irradiation of the

Identification feature 01 with electromagnetic energy of a particular

Wavelength is visually detectable that this radiated energy is at least partially absorbed by pigments of a colorant or particles of a dye of the second identification element and these pigments or these particles of the dye are excited to a visually detectable spontaneous emission and fluorescence or phosphorescence, wherein in Printing machine with a data acquisition device arranged in it from the printed respectively with a printing device of this printing machine identification features 01 each a sequence is detected with at least three images, wherein belonging to the respective sequence first image of the identification feature 01 only under

Daylight conditions visually detectable first identification element maps, wherein belonging to the respective sequence second image of the identification feature 01, the first identification element together with the under irradiation with

electromagnetic energy of certain wavelength spontaneously emitting second identification element maps, wherein belonging to the respective sequence third image of the identification feature 01, the first identification element together with the after the irradiation with electromagnetic energy of certain wavelength fluorescent or phosphorescent second identification element maps, wherein the respective sequence belonging to at least three pictures be evaluated by a control unit to see if the relevant

Identification feature 01 the light which is not visually detectable under daylight conditions, emits spontaneously by irradiation with electromagnetic energy of a specific wavelength and fluoresces after completion of this irradiation or

having phosphorescent second identification element. Preferably, the printing device of the printing press prints the respective identification features 01, the z. B. are each formed as a QR code, each in an inkjet printing process. The second identification element is designed in particular as a random structure contained in the first identification element. The pigments used for the second identification element of the colorant or particles of the dye are

Advantageously, each introduced by an agitator and / or in an ultrasonic water bath and / or by means of a Ultraschallzerstäubers in an ink used for printing the first identification element or ink. The pigments used for the second identification element of the colorant or particles of the dye are generally introduced in each case in a mass fraction of less than 5%, in particular up to at most 2% in the printing ink or ink used for printing the first identification element. For the second identification element, in particular those pigments of the colorant or those particles of the dye are used, each having a core with a fluorescent material or with a phosphorescent material and each one surrounding the core shell of a photochromic and / or a fluorescent or a phosphorescent material exhibit. The pigments correspond z. As the embodiment described in WO 2007/005354 A2. The shell, ie the surface of the pigments consists z. From a chitosan alginate or from a cellulose or from an ethylcellulose or from a gelatin or a gum arabic or from a melamine-aldehyde resin or from a melamine-formaldehyde resin or from a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin or of nylon or of phenol-formaldehyde or of polyacrylonitrile or of polyamide or of a polyelectrolyte complex or of a polyethylene or of a polyethylene glycol or of a poly-L-lysine or of a polylactide or from a polylysine or from an alginate or from a polynucleotide or from a polypeptide or from a polyphosphazene or from a polypropylene or from a polysaccharide or polystyrene or from a urea-formaldehyde resin. The time required for the spontaneous emission of the second identification element

Electromagnetic energy of certain wavelength is preferably from a z. B. emitted by the control unit controlled flash unit.

The pigments used for the second identification element of the colorant or particles of the dye preferably have a length extension in the range between 0.5 μηι and 10 μηι. The one for the ink or the ink of the first

Identification element used pigments of the colorant or particles of the

Dye are each dispersed in a first dispersant, d. H. the pigments of the colorant or the particles of the dye form in conjunction with the first

Dispersants each having a first heterogeneous composition, and the pigments used for the second identification element of the colorant or particles of the dye are each dispersed in a second dispersant to form a second heterogeneous composition, preferably the first

Dispersing agent and the second dispersant differ from each other, so that different dispersants are used for the first identification element and for the second identification element, wherein between these two dispersants preferably Repulsion, d. H. there is a rejection. The use of different dispersants for the first identification element and for the second

Identification elements promote coagulation of the pigments used for the second identification element of the colorant or particles of the dye, d. H. a

Concentration of these pigments of the colorant or particles of the dye and thus a repeal of their finely divided state in each case with the

Printing device generated print image.

For better printability of the ink used in an inkjet printing process or Ink, this ink or ink each at 23 ° C, a conductivity preferably in the range of 900 μβ / θΓτι to 2.200 μβ / θΓτι, in particular between 1 .000 μβ / θΓτι to 1,900 μ8 / ηη "ΐ. The conductivity of the ink used or ink is increased, for example, by a supply of additives, preferably by salts and / or polymers, for example by polymer salts The additives may be in the form of, for example, a solid and / or a solution and / or a dispersion Alternatively or additionally, the printing ink or ink contains at least one conducting salt, for example from the group of alkali metal salts or ammonium salts, the conducting salt being present, for example, as ammonium sulfate or as ammonium chloride or as ammonium bromide or as ammonium chloride Magnesium sulfate or as sodium and potassium sulfate or as sodium and potassium chloride or as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide or as tetra-n-butylammonium tetrafluoroborate or is formed as tetra-n-butylammoniumhexafluorophosphat or as Lithiumhexafluorophosphat. The viscosity of this ink or ink is in each case at 25 ° C for a CIJ printing process (CIJ = continuous ink jet) z. B.

2.5 mPa s to 6 mPa s or for a piezo printing process z. 3 cPa s to 8 cPa s. A density of the pigments or particles of the dye used in the printing ink or ink is in the range between 0.6 kg / m ³ and 1.3 kg / m ³ , preferably between 0.8 kg / m ³ and 1.0 kg / m ³ . When using a water-based ink or ink, the upper values of said ranges are preferred.

This results z. B. an identification feature with at least two in a defined limited area arranged identification elements for the identification of an object, wherein by irradiation of the identification elements of

Visible light identification surface having its first

Identification element is visually recognizable and its second identification element is visually unrecognizable, wherein the first identification element is formed from a printing ink or an ink, wherein the second identification element formed as a random pigment formed from pigments of a colorant or as a particle formed from particles of at least one dye random structure is formed, wherein the Random structure of the second identification element as an integral part of

Ink or the ink of the first identification element is formed. In this case, the ink or ink at 23 ° C, a conductivity in the range of 900 μ5 / οηι to 2.200 μ8 / οηι and / or in the ink or in the ink of the first

Identification element is contained as an additive at least one polymer and / or as a conductive salt at least one alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt. A conducting salt is a salt which, during electrolysis, undertakes a transport of electrical charges and / or reduces the ohmic resistance of the solution in a solution. In this case, the random structure of the second identification element forming pigments or particles of the at least one dye have a density z. B. in the range between 0.6 kg / m ³ and 1, 3 kg / m ³ . The viscosity of the ink or ink at 25 ° C is z. In the range between 2.5 mPa s and 6 mPa s or in the range between 3 cPa s and 8 cPa s. In a preferred embodiment, the pigments or particles forming the random structure of the second identification element of the at least one

Dye on a spherical surface and those pigments of a colorant or those particles of at least one dye, which are each contained as a colorant in the first identification element forming ink or ink, are edged or spherical. Further, the pigments of the colorant or the particles of the dye of the ink or the ink of the first identification element are each dispersed in a first dispersant and the pigments of the colorant or the particles of the dye of the second identification element are each dispersed in a second dispersant, wherein the first Dispersant and the second dispersant preferably differ materially from each other. The pigments of the colorant forming the random structure of the second identification element or the particles of the at least one dye preferably have an incident light diffusely reflecting surface. The the random structure of the second

Identification element-forming pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye have z. B. a length in the range between 0.5 μηι and 10 μηι on. The printing ink or the ink of the first identification element is preferably applied in a layer thickness in the range of 0.3 μηη to 10 μηη on a surface of the object to be identified. The pigments of the colorant or the particles of the dye each of the ink or the ink of the first identification element are made of an organic or of a

inorganic or of a synthetic crystalline powder or in particular of carbon black or of titanium (IV) oxide or of an aluminum bronze or of a brass bronze. The pigments of the colorant or the particles of the dye in each case by the printing ink or the ink of the first identification element are in a mass fraction z. B. between 12% and 18% in the relevant of the ink or ink and / or each containing the random structure of the second

Identification element-forming pigments of the colorant or the particles of the dye are each in a mass fraction, in particular of less than 5%, preferably less than 2% in the relevant printing ink or ink of the first

Identification element included.

An identification feature also results with at least two identification elements arranged in a defined limited area for identifying an object, whereby the first identification element is visually recognizable by irradiation of the surface having the identification elements of the identification feature with visible light and its second identification element is not visually recognizable, wherein the first identification element is formed from a printing ink or from an ink, wherein the second identification element is formed as a random structure formed from pigments of a colorant or as a random structure formed from particles of at least one dye

Random structure of the second identification element is formed as an integral part of the ink or the ink of the first identification element, wherein the ink applied to a surface of the object to be identified in a lattice-shaped arrangement of pixels or ink of the first

Identification element has a layer thickness in the range of 0.3 μηη to 10 μηη, wherein the pigments of the colorant forming the random structure of the second identification element or the particles of the at least one dye form by coagulation, ie by a concentration, a planar structure comprising several adjacent pixels of the graphic, in particular raster graphics (FIG. 3). The raster graphics consists of a grid-like arrangement of the pixels, this arrangement forming an image in the form of computer-readable data. This arrangement has at least two groups of pixels between which there is a visually perceivable contrast. The the

Random structure of the second identification element-forming pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye, which form by coagulation a plurality of adjacent pixels of the raster graphics comprising planar structure (Figure 3) are each formed in pixels of equal brightness, z. In each case in the pixels formed with a dark ink or ink compared to other pixels of the same raster graphics. In this case, the pigments of the colorant forming the random structure of the second identification element or the particles of the at least one dye have a length extension in the range between 0.5 μm and 10 μm. In a very advantageous manner, the pigments of the colorant forming the random structure of the second identification element or the particles of the at least one dye exhibit spontaneous emission of visually detectable light and / or fluorescence and / or phosphorescence by an incident electromagnetic radiation of the type described above. In addition, the identification feature may be formed with any of the physical and / or material features described above.

Accordingly, an article with an identification feature arranged for its identification can be formed, wherein the identification feature has at least two identification elements in a defined limited area, wherein the first identification element is formed from a printing ink or an ink, wherein the second identification element is one of pigments a random structure formed of a colorant or is formed as a random structure formed of particles of at least one dye, wherein the random structure of the second Identification element is formed as an integral part of the ink or the ink of the first identification element, wherein the ink or the ink of the first identification element in a layer thickness in the range of 0.3 μηι to 10 μηι is applied to a surface of the object to be identified, wherein the Random structure of the second identification element-forming pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye have an incident electromagnetic radiation diffusely reflecting surface. This item is z. B. as a substrate made of paper or a plastic film or of a metal foil or of a textile or as a hollow body or as a bottle or as a can or as a product made of a plastic or of a ceramic or of a metal or wood , The pigments of the colorant or the particles of the dye each of the printing ink or the ink of the first identification element are made of an organic or of an inorganic or of a synthetic crystalline powder or of carbon black or of titanium (IV) oxide or of an aluminum bronze or formed from a brass bronze and / or the random structure of the second

Identification element-forming pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye have a surface of a chitosan alginate or of a cellulose or of an ethylcellulose or of a gelatin or of a gum arabic or of a melamine-aldehyde resin or of a melamine-formaldehyde Resin or from a melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin or from nylon or from phenol-formaldehyde or from polyacrylonitrile or from polyamide or from a polyelectrolyte complex or from a polyethylene or from a polyethylene glycol or from a poly-L-lysine or from a polylactide or from a polylysine or from an alginate or from a polynucleotide or from a polypeptide or from a polyphosphazene or from a polypropylene or from a polysaccharide or from polystyrene or from a urea-formaldehyde resin. It can be provided that by irradiating the identification elements of the identification feature having visible light surface in a wavelength range of 380 nm to 790 nm whose first identification element is visually recognizable and the second Identification element is not visually recognizable.

Alternatively, there is also an object with one for his identification

arranged identification feature, wherein the identification feature in a defined limited area comprises at least two identification elements, wherein the first identification element is formed from a printing ink or an ink, wherein the second identification element as a formed from pigments of a colorant random structure or as one of particles of at least one Dye formed random structure, wherein the random structure of the second

Identification element is formed as an integral part of the ink or the ink of the first identification element, wherein the ink applied to a surface of the object to be identified or ink of the first

Identification element is preferably applied in a grid pattern consisting of a lattice-like arrangement of pixels, the pigments of the colorant forming the random structure of the second identification element or the particles of the at least one dye coagulating to form a planar structure comprising several adjacent pixels of the raster graphics (FIG. 3). , In this case, the pigments of the colorant forming the random structure of the second identification element or the particles of the at least one dye have an incidental one

electromagnetic radiation of certain wavelength z. B. a spontaneous emission of visually detectable light and / or fluorescence and / or phosphorescence, wherein the random structure of the second identification element forming pigments of the

Colorant or the particles of the at least one dye have their spontaneous emission of visually detectable light and / or fluorescence and / or phosphorescence by an incident electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in particular from the IR range or from the UV range. In addition, that can

Identification feature of the article with one or more of the previously described physical and / or physical characteristics to be formed. There is also provided a method for testing the identity and / or authenticity of an article, wherein an identification feature is formed with one of pigments of a colorant or particles of at least one dye

Random structure is used, wherein the random structure is formed as an integral part of an applied on a surface of the article ink or ink, wherein the random structure forming pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye by irradiation of the identification feature with an electromagnetic radiation z. B. from the IR region or the UV region to a spontaneous emission and fluorescence or phosphorescence are excited and visually recognizable, wherein for checking the identity and / or authenticity of the object with a data acquisition device of the identification feature during the irradiation of the identification feature the electromagnetic radiation z. B. from the IR range or the UV range, a single first image or a sequence of first images is detected and with the same data acquisition device of the relevant identification feature after completion of the irradiation of the

Identification feature with the electromagnetic radiation z. B. from the IR range or the UV range, a single second image or a sequence second

Mapping is detected, which is checked by a running with the aid of a computing unit comparison of the respective first and second figures, whether the

Random structure-forming pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye fluoresce or phosphorize, wherein one of the

Calculated unit detected fluorescence or phosphorescence of the random structure forming pigments of the colorant or particles of at least one dye, the identity and / or authenticity of the article is considered confirmed. The random structure is z. B. by irradiation of the identification feature with light in one

Wavelength range from 380 nm to 790 nm not visually recognizable. The

Identification feature is placed on or on the article in a pressure-formed printing process or in a pressure-free printing process. When

The subject is z. B. a trained as a web or as a sheet Printing material or a packaging or a hollow body or a bottle or a can or a plastic container used. The identification feature is preferably arranged on or on the object in a printing machine or in a packaging machine or in a filling installation or in a finishing machine. In particular, the respective images of the identification feature are each provided with a data acquisition device of a mobile

Detected communication device, wherein preferably a camera of a mobile phone or a smartphone is used as the data acquisition device. The pigments forming the random structure of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye form a planar structure by coagulation, wherein the planar structure is greater than an optical resolution of the data acquisition device used for the images. An information content of the random structure is determined in particular by means of an arithmetic unit by a gray value determination or a

Threshold evaluation in each case with regard to the number and / or intensity of the pigments or particles concerned or in terms of the area claimed by them. The identification feature of the article may in turn be formed with one or more of the physical and / or material features described above.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

01 identification feature

02 pixels

 03 pigment

Claims

claims

1 . Identification feature for identifying an object, with an off

 Pigments of a colorant or of particles of at least one dye formed random structure, wherein in a defined limited area of the identification feature at least two identification elements are arranged, wherein a first identification element is formed by a printing ink or an ink, wherein by the from the pigments of a colorant or the particles of at least one dye formed random structure, a second identification element is formed, wherein the pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye of the ink or the ink of the first identification element are each dispersed in a first dispersant, and wherein the pigments of the colorant or the Particles of the at least one dye of the second identification element in each case in a second

 Dispersant are dispersed, wherein the first dispersant and the second dispersant materially different from each other.

2. Identification feature according to claim 1, characterized in that in the printing ink or in the ink as an additive at least one polymer and / or at least one alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt is contained.

3. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ink or the ink at 23 ° C has a conductivity in the range of 900 μβ / θΓτι to 2200 S / cm.

4. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that a viscosity of the ink or the ink in each case at 25 ° C in the range between 2.5 mPa s and 6 mPa s or in the range between 3 cPa s and 8 cPa s lies.

5. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized

 characterized in that the random structure is formed as an integral part of the ink or the ink.

6. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized

in that the random structure pigments of the colorant or particles of the at least one dye each have a density in the range between 0.6 kg / m ³ and 1.3 kg / m ³ .

7. identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6,

 characterized in that the random structure of the second

 Identification element-forming pigments of the colorant or particles of at least one dye each having a spherical surface.

8. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, characterized in that those pigments of the colorant or those particles of the at least one dye, each containing as a colorant in the first identification element forming ink or ink are each angular or spherical.

9. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, characterized in that the random structure forming pigments of the colorant or particles of the at least one dye each have an incident light diffusely reflecting surface.

10. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9, characterized in that the random structure forming pigments of the colorant or particles of the at least one dye, respectively have a longitudinal extent in the range between 0.5 μηη and 10 μηη.

1 1. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10, characterized in that the printing ink or the ink in a layer thickness in the range of 0.3 μηη to 10 μηη on a surface of is applied to the identifying object.

12. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1, characterized in that those pigments of the colorant or those particles of the at least one dye, each as a colorant in the printing ink or ink forming the first identification element is formed in each case from an organic or from an inorganic or from a synthetic crystalline powder or from carbon black or from titanium (IV) oxide or from an aluminum bronze or from a brass bronze.

13. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12, characterized in that the pigments of the colorant of the printing ink of the first identification element in a mass fraction between 12% and 18% are contained in the respective printing ink or that the particles of the at least one dye of the ink of the first identification element are contained in a mass fraction of between 1% and 15% in the ink in question.

14. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13, characterized in that the pigments of the colorant or the particles of the at least one dye, each form the random structure of the second identification element, in each case in a mass fraction of less than 5% in the relevant printing ink or ink first identification element are included.

15. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14, characterized in that by irradiation of the identification elements of

 Identification feature surface with light in one

 Wavelength range from 380 nm to 790 nm whose first identification element is visually recognizable.

16. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15, characterized in that by irradiation of the identification elements of the identification feature having surface with light in one

 Wavelength range from 380 nm to 790 nm whose second identification element is not visually recognizable.

17. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16, characterized in that the random structure forming pigments of the colorant or Particles of the at least one dye in each case by an incident electromagnetic radiation, a spontaneous emission of visually detectable light and / or fluorescence and / or phosphorescence.

18. Identification feature according to claim 17, characterized in that the random structure forming pigments of the colorant or particles of the at least one dye their spontaneous emission of visually detectable light and / or fluorescence and / or phosphorescence respectively by an incident

have electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from the IR range or from the UV range.

19. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18, characterized in that between the first dispersant and the second dispersant repulsion.

20. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19, characterized in that the Forming random structure pigments of the colorant or particles of the at least one dye in each case by coagulation in each case form a two-dimensional structure.

21. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20, characterized in that the printing ink or the ink is disposed on or on the surface of the object to be identified as a multi-pixel halftone graphic, wherein the random structure pigments of the colorant or particles of the at least one colorant form a planar structure comprising a plurality of adjacent pixels of the halftone graphic.

22. Identification feature according to claim 21, characterized in that the random structure formed by the pigments of the colorant or of the random structure forming particles of the at least one dye formed planar structure comprises a plurality of adjacent pixels of the raster graphics.

23. Identification feature according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the raster graphic formed by the ink or the ink forms the first identification element.

24. Identification feature according to claim 21 or 22 or 23, characterized in that the raster graphic formed by the printing ink or the ink forms a character or a meaning carrier of a code.

25. Identification feature according to claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24, characterized

 characterized in that formed by the ink or the ink

 Raster graphics forms an image in the form of computer-readable data.

26. Identification feature according to claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25, characterized in that the raster graphics form a visually readable or haptic detectable font.

27. Identification feature according to claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26, characterized in that the raster graphic formed by the ink or the ink forms a QR code.

An identification feature according to claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27, characterized in that the halftone graphic formed by the ink or ink comprises at least two types of pixels between which there is a visually perceptible contrast.

The identification feature of claim 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28, characterized in that the raster graphics formed by the ink or ink comprise different types of pixels, the different types of pixels being in the form of pixels at least two different shades are formed.

30. Identification feature according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 1 1 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29, characterized in that the article on which this identification feature is arranged, as a printing substrate made of paper or a plastic film or of a metal foil or of a textile or as a hollow body or as a bottle or as a can or as a product made of a plastic or of a ceramic or is formed of a metal or wood.