EP3287021A2 - Heating elements for electronic cigarettes - Google Patents
Heating elements for electronic cigarettes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3287021A2 EP3287021A2 EP17183310.6A EP17183310A EP3287021A2 EP 3287021 A2 EP3287021 A2 EP 3287021A2 EP 17183310 A EP17183310 A EP 17183310A EP 3287021 A2 EP3287021 A2 EP 3287021A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- glass
- carrier material
- element according
- heizleiterstrukturen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000003571 electronic cigarette Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 SO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006017 silicate glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000089486 Phragmites australis subsp australis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005358 alkali aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005407 aluminoborosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006124 glass-ceramic system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005398 lithium aluminium silicate glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007500 overflow downdraw method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/40—Constructional details, e.g. connection of cartridges and battery parts
- A24F40/46—Shape or structure of electric heating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
- H05B3/08—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders having electric connections specially adapted for high temperatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/46—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
- A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
- A24F40/10—Devices using liquid inhalable precursors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
Definitions
- the invention generally relates to a heating element for hot applications.
- the invention relates to a heating element for the controlled heating and evaporation of vaporizable and / or tobacco-containing substances in electronic cigarettes.
- e-cigarettes Electronic cigarettes, also referred to below as e-cigarettes, are increasingly being used as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes.
- e-cigarettes here have a mouthpiece and an evaporator unit comprising a heating element.
- the heating element in this case heats a vaporizable liquid so that it can be inhaled by the user.
- This liquid may already contain nicotine.
- the liquid is nicotine-free.
- the forming aerosol can then flood a nicotine-containing and nicotine-permeable body.
- lance-shaped heating elements are known from the prior art. These are placed in a specially designed piece of tobacco and thus brought into contact with the substances to be evaporated and heat them to temperatures in the range of 50 ° C to 350 ° C. This causes an aerosol formation.
- Corresponding heating lances can consist of a heating wire without carrier material. The disadvantage here, however, that due to the required mechanical stability of the heating element, the dimensions of the heating element can not be made arbitrarily small. Furthermore, corresponding heating elements easily become dirty during use.
- the known ceramic support materials have a high thermal conductivity. This is disadvantageous for use in a heating element, since thus the heat generated in the heating region of the heating element can not be deliberately delivered to the medium to be heated, but a heat dissipation by the ceramic and thus dissipated heat is no longer for the Evaporation or heating of the substances is available. Accordingly, more heating power must be applied by the heating element, which not only adversely affects the energy consumption and thus, for example, on the battery or battery life of the e-cigarette, but also lead to an increase in temperature within the e-cigarette and thus disadvantageous can affect the life of the heating element.
- the heating element within the e-cigarette can also be arranged so that it is not introduced directly into the tobacco piece or the substances to be evaporated, but the tobacco piece or a reservoir with the substances to be vaporized cylindrical enclose.
- a corresponding arrangement is for example in the US 2005/0172976 described.
- Such external heating elements offer the advantage that the substances or tobacco pieces to be evaporated can be exchanged more easily. Due to the desired small dimensions of the e-cigarettes, which are typically modeled on the dimensions of conventional tobacco cigarettes, resulting in such an arrangement of the heating element very small diameter and thus bending radii.
- the carrier material since the carrier material must be an electrical insulator, only high-performance plastics such as polyimides or polyamides have hitherto been used as carrier material.
- the performance and life of the heating element are limited by the relatively low temperature resistance of the plastics.
- the organic solvents used in the e-cigarette can lead to leaching effects. This is disadvantageous on the one hand in terms of the life of the heating element.
- components of the carrier material can thus be dissolved in the organic solvent and inhaled by the user.
- An object of the invention is therefore to provide a heating element, in particular for use in e-cigarettes, which can be used in addition to a high heating performance and a long service life in a variety of e-cigarettes with different structures.
- the heating element according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in an e-cigarette and comprises at least one carrier material made of glass or glass ceramic and metallic Schuleiter Modellen.
- the support material of glass or glass ceramic in this case has a high temperature stability of more than 300 ° C or even more than 400 ° C. This is achieved, for example, when using glasses with a high glass transition temperature Tg.
- the carrier material has a very low thermal conductivity of ⁇ 2 W / (K * m).
- the low thermal conductivity and the low heat capacity of the carrier material reduce or prevent the propagation of the heat generated by the heating element in the carrier material and thus allow targeted heat conduction from the heating element to the substances to be vaporized.
- the support material has a thermal conductivity ⁇ 1, 8 W / (K * m) or even ⁇ 1.5 W / (K * m).
- the specific heat capacity of the carrier material is less than 1200 J / K * kg, preferably even less than 1000 J / K * kg.
- the low heat capacity ensures that the heat generated in the heating element is passed quickly and as completely as possible to the substances to be vaporized. This is advantageous in view of the energy requirement during the evaporation process. At the same time an excessive heating of the heating element is thus avoided, which has an advantageous effect on its life.
- the ceramics described hitherto as carrier materials in the prior art have higher thermal conductivities or heat capacities.
- the thermal conductivities are 20-30 W / K * m and thus 20 times higher than in the case of the support materials according to the invention.
- ZrO 2 ceramics show at least a factor of 1.5 higher values than glass.
- the carrier material ensures the mechanical stability of the heating element.
- metallic Schuleiterer Modellen are applied on or on a surface of the substrate metallic Schuleiterer Modellen. These can be applied for example in the form of a coating on the carrier material. Since the carrier material according to the invention has a very smooth surface and the roughness R a is less than 500 nm or even less than 250 nm, more preferably even less than 20 nm, a particularly good performance between carrier material and metallic heat conductor structures can be achieved Attachment can be achieved. This manifests itself for example in a high mechanical resistance of the heating element.
- the glass (or the corresponding green glass when using glass-ceramics as support material) can be brought into the desired shape or geometry by means of drawing processes. This allows in addition to a flexible adaptation of the carrier material to the respective structure of the e-cigarette and a cost-effective production of the heating elements.
- the carrier material is designed as a tube or rod with a diameter ⁇ 20 mm.
- the tube or rod can have a round, ellipsoidal, triangular or polygonal cross section.
- the carrier material may also be formed in the form of a hollow glass profile.
- the corresponding glass tubes or rods can be obtained by drawing processes.
- the glass tubes have a wall thickness of less than 5 mm.
- the glass of the carrier material is formed as a thin or Dünnstglas and has a thickness of less than 2000 microns, less than 1000 microns or even less than 500 microns.
- the carrier material may in this case be formed as flat glass.
- the thin glass is transferred into a glass roller with a diameter ⁇ 20 mm. This can be done for example by rolling up the corresponding flat glass. In this case, carrier materials in the form of thin glass rolls with a diameter of less than 10 mm can be obtained.
- Silica glasses, borosilicate glasses, aluminum silicate glasses or aluminum borosilicate glasses have been found to be particularly suitable glasses for use as a carrier material. Also glass ceramics developed therefrom via temperature treatment can be used.
- the support material is a glass with the following constituents (in% by weight): SiO 2 50 to 66 B 2 O 3 0 to 7 Al 2 O 3 10 to 25 MgO 0 to 7 CaO 5 to 16 SrO 0 to 8 BaO 6 to 18 P 2 O 3 0 to 2 ZrO 2 0 to 3 TiO 2 0 to 5.
- Glasses with the following constituents have proven to be particularly advantageous: SiO 2 52 to 64 B 2 O 3 0 to 5.5 Al 2 O 3 12 to 18 MgO 0 to 5 CaO 9 to 14.5 SrO 0 to 4 BaO 8 to 12 P 2 O 3 0 to 1 ZrO 2 0 to 2 TiO 2 0 to 3
- Borosilicate glasses such as Zn-Ti borosilicate glasses, Zn silicate glasses or sodium silicate glasses with a high SiO 2 content can also be used as silicate glasses.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that alkali-containing borosilicate glasses with the following constituents (in% by weight) are used as carrier glass: SiO 2 70 to 85 B 2 O 3 0 to 15 Al 2 O 3 1 to 10 Na 2 O 1 to 10 K 2 O 0 to 5 CaO 0 to 5, preferably ⁇ 0.1.
- the glass contains the following constituents (in% by weight): SiO 2 58 to 65 B 2 O 3 6 to 10.5 Al 2 O 3 14 to 25 MgO 0 to 5 CaO 0 to 9 BaO 0 to 8, preferably 3-8 SrO 0 to 8 ZnO 0 to 2
- the glass contains the following constituents (in% by weight): SiO 2 50 to 65 Al 2 O 3 15 to 20 B 2 O 3 0 to 6 Li 2 O 0 to 6 Na 2 O 8 to 15 K 2 O 0 to 5 MgO 0 to 5 CaO 0 to 7, preferably 0 to 1 ZnO 0 to 4, preferably 0 to 1 ZrO 2 0 to 4 TiO 2 0 to 1, preferably essentially TiO 2 -free
- the glass contains the following constituents (in% by weight): SiO 2 30 to 85 B 2 O 3 3 to 20 Al 2 O 3 0 to 15 Na 2 O 3 to 15 K 2 O 3 to 15 ZnO 0 to 12 TiO 2 0.5 to 10 CaO 0 to 0.1
- the glass contains the following constituents (in% by weight): SiO 2 55 to 75 Na 2 O 0 to 15 K 2 O 2 to 14 Al 2 O 3 0 to 15 MgO 0 to 4 CaO 3 to 12 BaO 0 to 15 ZnO 0 to 5 TiO 2 0 to 2
- the glass contains the following constituents (in% by weight): SiO 2 50 to 70 Na 2 O 0 to 5 K 2 O 0 to 5 Al 2 O 3 17 to 27 MgO 0 to 5 BaO 0 to 5 SrO 0 to 5 ZnO 0 to 5 TiO 2 0 to 5 ZrO 2 0 to 5 Ta 2 O 5 0 to 8 P 2 O 5 0 to 10 Fe 2 O 3 0 to 5 CeO 2 0 to 5 Bi 2 O 3 0 to 3 WO 3 0 to 3 MoO 3 0 to 3
- customary refining agents for example, SnO 2 , SO 4 , Cl, AS 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 in amounts of from 0 to 4% by weight.
- the glass contains the following constituents (in% by weight): SiO 2 35 to 70, preferably 35 to 60 Al 2 O 3 14 to 40, preferably 16.5 to 40 MgO 0 to 20, preferably 4 to 20, more preferably 6 to 20 BaO 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 8 SrO 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 4 ZnO 0 to 15, preferably 0 to 9, particularly preferably 0 to 4 TiO 2 0 to 10, preferably 1 to 10 ZrO 2 0 to 10, preferably 1 to 10 Ta 2 O 5 0 to 8, preferably 0 to 2 B 2 O 3 0 to 10, preferably> 4 to 10 CaO 0 to ⁇ 8, preferably 0 to 5, particularly preferably ⁇ 0.1 P 2 O 5 0 to 10, preferably ⁇ 4 Fe 2 O 3 0 to 5 CeO 2 0 to 5 Bi 2 O 3 0 to 3 WO 3 0 to 3 MoO 3 0 to 3
- customary refining agents for example, SnO 2 , SO 4 , Cl, AS 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 in amounts of from 0 to 4% by weight.
- Alkali-containing aluminosilicates in particular, can be chemically hardened by ion exchange, and the mechanical stability of the support material can thus be further increased. In particular, the probability of breakage can be significantly reduced. Due to the high glass transition temperature Tg of the glasses of more than 600 ° C in this case the ion exchange at temperatures of about 400 ° C take place, so that only a small ion exchange time is needed. A development of the invention therefore provides that the carrier material is a chemically hardened glass.
- flat or ultra-flat support components having a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm can be obtained by a down-draw or overflow fusion method and chemically cured without further thinning.
- the mechanical strength of the carrier component by a chemical and / or mechanical edge processing such as. Contouring or edging continues to be increased.
- a Further development of the invention therefore provides that the edges of the carrier component are processed chemically and / or mechanically. This is particularly advantageous for heating elements with carrier components of alkali-free glasses, since no increase in mechanical strength can be achieved by ion exchange.
- the use of alkali-free glasses, for example alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glasses as support material, is particularly advantageous on account of their high chemical resistance and good processability, in particular the possibility of being able to draw the corresponding glasses into ultrathin forms.
- a glass ceramic preferably a LAS glass ceramic (lithium aluminum silicate glass ceramic) or MAS glass ceramic (magnesium aluminum silicate glass ceramic) is used as the carrier component.
- LAS glass ceramics have very low thermal conductivity values of 1.1 W / K * m, which has an advantageous effect on the heating performance.
- glass-ceramics have a high mechanical stability.
- the heating conductor structures can be applied, for example, spirally or meandering on the surface of the carrier material.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides a full-surface application of the heat conductor structures on the carrier material.
- the heat conductor structures are applied in the form of an electrically conductive coating, preferably as a platinum-containing coating or ITO coating, to the surface of the carrier material.
- Tables 1 to 4 show 13 different embodiments of the carrier material used. The individual embodiments differ here in terms of the composition of the glass. Examples 1 to 5 listed in Table 1 contain alkali metal ions and can be chemically hardened. Examples 6 and 7 listed in Table 2 are alkali-free glasses. Here, for example, a further increase in the mechanical strength can be achieved by chemical and / or mechanical edge processing.
- Table 4 shows exemplary starting glass compositions from the LAS glass ceramic system.
- the expansion coefficients are in the range of 0 +/- 0.5 ppm / K.
- the thermal conductivity is 1.7 W m-1 K-1
- Fig. 1 shows a graphical representation of an embodiment of a heating element 1 according to the invention, in which the carrier material 2 is tubular.
- the heating conductor structures 3 are located on the outer surface 4 of the tube 2 and are arranged spirally.
- the glass tube 2 has a diameter 5 of less than 20 mm, the wall thickness of the tube is less than 5 mm.
- the heating element 1 is suitable, for example, for use as an externally fitting, cylindrical heating element for so-called. Heat-not-burn cigarettes.
- the in Fig. 1 shown construction of the heating element 1 can also be realized with an ultrathin glass as a carrier material.
- a corresponding ultrathin glass for example an alkali aluminosilicate glass, can initially be provided as flat glass.
- the glass can be provided with heat conductor structures 3 and rolled up into a tube.
- the substrate 2a is in the form of a Glass or glass ceramic rod formed with a diameter smaller than 20 mm.
- the heating conductor structures 3 are applied as a spiral coating on the surface of the carrier material 2a.
- the ends 7 of the substrate 2a are formed flat in the embodiment shown here.
- the substrate 2a may also have round or pointed ends depending on the requirement for the design of the heating element. A different geometric configuration of the two ends of the substrate 2a is possible.
- Fig. 3 shows a graphical representation of another embodiment in which the substrate 2 c is formed as a flat glass and meander-shaped Bankleiter Modellen 3 has.
- the carrier material is in this case formed at one end to a tip. This makes it possible, for example, in Fig. 3 To introduce heating elements shown in a tobacco piece.
- the heating conductor structures 3 can be connected via the contacts 8a and 8b to a power source (not shown).
- a power source not shown
- the Fig. 3 embodiment shown can be realized with ultrathin flat glass as a substrate 2c.
- glass thicknesses of less than 100 microns or even less than 50 microns are possible.
- Fig. 4 shows a graphical representation of another embodiment in which the substrate 2d is formed as a flat glass and full-surface heating conductor structures 3 has.
- the carrier material is in this case formed at one end to a tip. This allows for example in the Fig. 4 To introduce heating elements shown in a tobacco piece.
- the cigarette 9 comprises a tip 10 and a mouthpiece 19 on which the user draws to inhale the aerosol generated in the cigarette by means of an evaporator 15.
- the mouthpiece 19 is detachable from the tip 10.
- the cigarette 9 includes an electrical energy storage 12 to provide the electrical energy for vaporization of the organic liquid in the evaporator 12.
- the electrical energy storage 12 is housed in the top 10 of the cigarette 9.
- the electronic cigarette 9 further includes a control unit 13 which controls the heating power of the heating element in the evaporator 15.
- the control unit 13 may be configured to determine whether a user inhales and, depending thereon, regulates the heating power of the heating element 16.
- a light-emitting diode 11 may further be arranged, which is also controlled by the control unit 13. If the control unit 13 registers that the user pulls on the cigarette 9, it can control the light-emitting diode 11 so that the light-emitting diode 11 lights up. This will produce an optical effect according to the Glowing when pulled on a conventional cigarette.
- the evaporator unit 15 comprises a liquid reservoir 17 and an organic carrier liquid 18 received therein.
- the evaporator unit 15 comprises the electrically heatable heating element 16 for heating the liquid reservoir 17 and thus evaporating the organic carrier liquid 18 with components dissolved therein, such as nicotine, fragrances and / or flavorings
- the heating element 16 is supplied with power via the control unit 13 controlled by the electrical energy store 12.
- the liquid storage recorded organic carrier liquid 18, in particular a high-boiling alcohol, such as glycerol or propylene glycol can be evaporated.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Heizelement, welches insbesondere zur Verwendung in einer elektronischen Zigarette geeignet ist. Das Heizelement umfassend zumindest ein Trägermaterial aus Glas oder Glaskeramik und metallische Heizleiterstrukturen, wobei die Heizleiterstrukturen auf dem Trägermaterial aufgebracht sind und das Trägermaterial eine thermische Leitfähigkeit < 2 W/K*m, eine Wärmekapazität < 1000 J/K*kg und eine Rauheit R a < 500 nm aufweist.The invention relates to a heating element which is particularly suitable for use in an electronic cigarette. The heating element comprising at least one carrier material of glass or glass ceramic and metallic Heizleitererstrukturen, wherein the Heizleiterstrukturen are applied to the substrate and the support material has a thermal conductivity <2 W / K * m, a heat capacity <1000 J / K * kg and a roughness R a <500 nm.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft im Allgemeinen ein Heizelement für Heißanwendungen. Im Speziellen betrifft die Erfindung ein Heizelement zur geregelten Erwärmung und Verdampfung von verdampfbaren und/oder tabakhaltigen Substanzen in elektronischen Zigaretten.The invention generally relates to a heating element for hot applications. In particular, the invention relates to a heating element for the controlled heating and evaporation of vaporizable and / or tobacco-containing substances in electronic cigarettes.
Elektronische Zigaretten, im Folgenden auch als E-Zigaretten bezeichnet, finden im zunehmenden Maße als Alternative zu Tabakzigaretten Verwendung. Typischerweise weisen E-Zigaretten hierbei ein Mundstück sowie eine Verdampfereinheit umfassend ein Heizelement auf.Electronic cigarettes, also referred to below as e-cigarettes, are increasingly being used as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes. Typically, e-cigarettes here have a mouthpiece and an evaporator unit comprising a heating element.
Das Heizelement erhitzt hierbei eine verdampfbare Flüssigkeit, so dass diese vom Anwender inhaliert werden kann. Diese Flüssigkeit kann bereits Nikotin enthalten. Alternativ ist die Flüssigkeit nikotinlos. Hierbei kann das sich bildende Aerosol dann einen nikotinhaltigen und nikotinlässigen Körper durchfluten.The heating element in this case heats a vaporizable liquid so that it can be inhaled by the user. This liquid may already contain nicotine. Alternatively, the liquid is nicotine-free. In this case, the forming aerosol can then flood a nicotine-containing and nicotine-permeable body.
So sind aus dem Stand der Technik beispielsweise lanzenförmige Heizelemente bekannt. Diese werden in ein speziell designtes Tabakstück gesteckt und somit in Kontakt mit den zu verdampfenden Substanzen gebracht und heizen diese auf Temperaturen im Bereich von 50°C bis 350°C auf. Hierdurch kommt es zu einer Aerosolbildung. Entsprechende Heizlanzen können dabei aus einem Heizdraht ohne Trägermaterial bestehen. Nachteilig ist hierbei jedoch, dass auf Grund der benötigten mechanischen Stabilität des Heizelements die Abmessungen des Heizelements nicht beliebig klein gestaltet werden können. Des Weiteren verschmutzen entsprechende Heizelemente bei der Benutzung leicht.For example, lance-shaped heating elements are known from the prior art. These are placed in a specially designed piece of tobacco and thus brought into contact with the substances to be evaporated and heat them to temperatures in the range of 50 ° C to 350 ° C. This causes an aerosol formation. Corresponding heating lances can consist of a heating wire without carrier material. The disadvantage here, however, that due to the required mechanical stability of the heating element, the dimensions of the heating element can not be made arbitrarily small. Furthermore, corresponding heating elements easily become dirty during use.
Im Stand der Technik werden daher alternativ Heizlanzen beschrieben, deren Heizleiterstrukturen auf einem Trägermaterial aufgebracht sind. Diese Heizlanzen weisen keramische Trägermaterialien auf, da diese neben einer hohen Temperaturstabilität eine elektrische Isolierung aufweisen. So werden in der
Nachteilig bei der Verwendung von keramischen Trägermaterialien ist jedoch neben den hohen Herstellungskosten deren hohe Oberflächenrauhigkeit sowie Porosität. Rauheit und Porosität wirken sich hierbei nachteilig auf die in Form einer leitfähigen Beschichtung aufgebrachten Heizleiterstrukturen auf. So wirkt sich die die raue Oberfläche nachteilig auf die Anhaftung der leitfähigen Beschichtung auf dem Trägermaterial aus.However, in addition to the high production costs, the high surface roughness and porosity are disadvantageous when using ceramic support materials. Roughness and porosity have an adverse effect on the applied in the form of a conductive coating Heizleiterstrukturen. Thus, the rough surface adversely affects the adhesion of the conductive coating to the substrate.
Des Weiteren weisen die bekannten keramischen Trägermaterialien eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf. Dies ist für die Verwendung in einem Heizelement nachteilig, da somit die im Heizbereich des Heizelements erzeugte Wärme nicht gezielt an das zu erhitzende Medium abgegeben werden kann, sondern eine Wärmeableitung durch die Keramik erfolgt und die so abgeleitete Wärme somit nicht mehr für die Verdampfung bzw. Erwärmung der Substanzen zur Verfügung steht. Entsprechend muss mehr Heizleistung durch das Heizelement aufgebracht werden, was sich nicht nur nachteilig auf den Energieverbrauch und somit beispielsweise auf die Batterie- bzw. Akkulaufzeit der E-Zigarette auswirkt, sondern auch zu einer Temperaturerhöhung innerhalb der E-Zigarette führen und sich somit nachteilig auf die Lebensdauer des Heizelements auswirken kann.Furthermore, the known ceramic support materials have a high thermal conductivity. This is disadvantageous for use in a heating element, since thus the heat generated in the heating region of the heating element can not be deliberately delivered to the medium to be heated, but a heat dissipation by the ceramic and thus dissipated heat is no longer for the Evaporation or heating of the substances is available. Accordingly, more heating power must be applied by the heating element, which not only adversely affects the energy consumption and thus, for example, on the battery or battery life of the e-cigarette, but also lead to an increase in temperature within the e-cigarette and thus disadvantageous can affect the life of the heating element.
In einem alternativen Aufbau einer E-Zigarette kann das Heizelement innerhalb der E-Zigarette auch so angeordnet werden, dass dieses nicht direkt in das Tabakstück bzw. die zu verdampfenden Substanzen eingebracht werden, sondern das Tabakstück bzw. ein Reservoir mit den zu verdampfenden Substanzen zylinderförmig umschließen. Eine entsprechende Anordnung wird beispielsweise in der
Auf Grund der gewünschten geringen Abmessungen der E-Zigaretten, die typischerweise den Abmessungen konventioneller Tabakzigaretten nachempfunden werden, ergeben sich bei einer derartigen Anordnung des Heizelements sehr geringe Durchmesser und somit Biegeradien. Da es sich bei dem Trägermaterial zudem um einen elektrischen Isolator handeln muss, werden bislang als Trägermaterial nur Hochleistungskunststoffe wie beispielsweise Polyimide oder Polyamide verwendet.In an alternative construction of an e-cigarette, the heating element within the e-cigarette can also be arranged so that it is not introduced directly into the tobacco piece or the substances to be evaporated, but the tobacco piece or a reservoir with the substances to be vaporized cylindrical enclose. A corresponding arrangement is for example in the
Due to the desired small dimensions of the e-cigarettes, which are typically modeled on the dimensions of conventional tobacco cigarettes, resulting in such an arrangement of the heating element very small diameter and thus bending radii. In addition, since the carrier material must be an electrical insulator, only high-performance plastics such as polyimides or polyamides have hitherto been used as carrier material.
Bei diesen Anordnungen werden Leistungsfähigkeit sowie Lebensdauer des Heizelements durch die relativ geringe Temperaturbeständigkeit der Kunststoffe limitiert. Zudem kann es durch die in der E-Zigarette verwendeten organischen Lösungsmitteln zu Auslaugungseffekten kommen. Dies ist zum einen in Hinblick auf die Lebensdauer des Heizelementes nachteilig. Zudem können so Bestandteile des Trägermaterials im organischen Lösungsmittel gelöst und vom Anwender inhaliert werden.In these arrangements, the performance and life of the heating element are limited by the relatively low temperature resistance of the plastics. In addition, the organic solvents used in the e-cigarette can lead to leaching effects. This is disadvantageous on the one hand in terms of the life of the heating element. In addition, components of the carrier material can thus be dissolved in the organic solvent and inhaled by the user.
Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht daher darin, ein Heizelement, insbesondere zur Verwendung in E-Zigaretten, bereit zu stellen, welches neben einer hohen Heizperformance und einer hohen Lebensdauer auch in einer Vielzahl von E-Zigaretten mit unterschiedlichen Aufbauten eingesetzt werden kann.An object of the invention is therefore to provide a heating element, in particular for use in e-cigarettes, which can be used in addition to a high heating performance and a long service life in a variety of e-cigarettes with different structures.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird bereits durch den Gegenstand der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.The object of the invention is already achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Heizelement ist insbesondere zur Verwendung in einer E-Zigarette geeignet und umfasst zumindest ein Trägermaterial aus Glas oder Glaskeramik und metallische Heizleiterstrukturen.The heating element according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in an e-cigarette and comprises at least one carrier material made of glass or glass ceramic and metallic Heizleiterstrukturen.
Das Trägermaterial aus Glas oder Glaskeramik weist hierbei eine hohe Temperaturstabilität von mehr als 300°C oder sogar mehr als 400°C auf. Dies wird beispielsweise bei der Verwendung von Gläsern mit einer hohen Glasübergangstemperatur Tg erreicht.The support material of glass or glass ceramic in this case has a high temperature stability of more than 300 ° C or even more than 400 ° C. This is achieved, for example, when using glasses with a high glass transition temperature Tg.
Gleichzeitig weist das Trägermaterial eine sehr geringe thermische Leitfähigkeit von < 2 W/(K*m). Die geringe thermische Leitfähigkeit sowie die geringe Wärmekapazität des Trägermaterials verringern bzw. verhindern hierbei die Ausbreitung der vom Heizelement erzeugten Wärme im Trägermaterial und ermöglichen so eine gezielte Wärmeleitung vom Heizelement zu den zu verdampfenden Substanzen. Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Trägermaterial eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit < 1, 8 W/ (K*m) oder sogar < 1,5 W/ (K*m) auf.At the same time, the carrier material has a very low thermal conductivity of <2 W / (K * m). The low thermal conductivity and the low heat capacity of the carrier material reduce or prevent the propagation of the heat generated by the heating element in the carrier material and thus allow targeted heat conduction from the heating element to the substances to be vaporized. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the support material has a thermal conductivity <1, 8 W / (K * m) or even <1.5 W / (K * m).
Gleichzeitig beträgt die spezifische Wärmekapazität des Trägermaterials weniger als 1200 J/K*kg, bevorzugt sogar weniger als 1000 J/K*kg. Durch die geringe Wärmekapazität wird gewährleistet, dass die im Heizelement erzeugte Wärme schnell und möglichst vollständig zu den zu verdampfenden Substanzen geleitet wird. Dies ist in Hinblick auf den Energiebedarf beim Verdampfungsvorgang vorteilhaft. Gleichzeitig wird somit auch eine übermäßige Erwärmung des Heizelementes vermieden, was sich vorteilhaft auf dessen Lebensdauer auswirkt.At the same time, the specific heat capacity of the carrier material is less than 1200 J / K * kg, preferably even less than 1000 J / K * kg. The low heat capacity ensures that the heat generated in the heating element is passed quickly and as completely as possible to the substances to be vaporized. This is advantageous in view of the energy requirement during the evaporation process. At the same time an excessive heating of the heating element is thus avoided, which has an advantageous effect on its life.
Somit sind bevorzugt sowohl eine geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeit wie auch eine geringe Wärmekapazität des Trägermaterials notwendig, um eine gute Heizperformance des Heizelementes zu erreichen. Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht daher vor, dass das Heizelement eine FOM für das Produkt von Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Wärmekapazität
Das Trägermaterial sorgt für die mechanische Stabilität des Heizelements. Auf der bzw. auf einer Oberfläche des Trägermaterials sind metallische Heizleiterstrukturen aufgebracht. Diese können beispielsweise in Form einer Beschichtung auf das Trägermaterial aufgebracht werden. Da das erfindungsgemäße Trägermaterial eine sehr glatte Oberfläche aufweist und die Rauheit Ra kleiner als 500 nm oder sogar kleiner als 250 nm, besonders bevorzugt sogar kleiner 20nm beträgt, kann zwischen Trägermaterial und metallischen Heizleiterstrukturen eine besonders gute Anhaftung erzielt werden. Dies äußert sich beispielsweise in einer hohen mechanischen Beständigkeit des Heizelements.The carrier material ensures the mechanical stability of the heating element. On or on a surface of the substrate metallic Heizleitererstrukturen are applied. These can be applied for example in the form of a coating on the carrier material. Since the carrier material according to the invention has a very smooth surface and the roughness R a is less than 500 nm or even less than 250 nm, more preferably even less than 20 nm, a particularly good performance between carrier material and metallic heat conductor structures can be achieved Attachment can be achieved. This manifests itself for example in a high mechanical resistance of the heating element.
Auf Grund der hohen mechanischen Festigkeit des verwendeten Trägermaterials kann dieses entsprechend dünn ausgebildet sein. Dies ermöglicht eine besonders kompakte Bauweise des Heizelementes sowie der gesamten E-Zigarette.Due to the high mechanical strength of the carrier material used, this can be made correspondingly thin. This allows a particularly compact design of the heating element and the entire e-cigarette.
Bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Heizelemente kann das Glas (bzw. bei der Verwendung von Glaskeramiken als Trägermaterial das entsprechende Grünglas) durch Ziehprozesse in die gewünschte Form bzw. Geometrie gebracht werden. Dies ermöglicht neben einer flexiblen Anpassung des Trägermaterials an den jeweiligen Aufbau der E-Zigarette auch eine kostengünstige Herstellung der Heizelemente.In the production of the heating elements according to the invention, the glass (or the corresponding green glass when using glass-ceramics as support material) can be brought into the desired shape or geometry by means of drawing processes. This allows in addition to a flexible adaptation of the carrier material to the respective structure of the e-cigarette and a cost-effective production of the heating elements.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Trägermaterial als Rohr oder Stab mit einem Durchmesser < 20 mm ausgebildet. Das Rohr bzw. der Stab kann dabei einen runden, elipsoiden, drei- oder mehrwinkligen Querschnitt aufweisen. Das Trägermaterial kann auch in Form eines hohlen Glasprofils ausgebildet sein. Die entsprechenden Glasrohre bzw. -stäbe können durch Ziehprozesse erhalten werden. In einer Weiterbildung der Ausführungsform weisen die Glasrohre eine Wandstärke von weniger als 5 mm auf.According to one embodiment of the invention, the carrier material is designed as a tube or rod with a diameter <20 mm. The tube or rod can have a round, ellipsoidal, triangular or polygonal cross section. The carrier material may also be formed in the form of a hollow glass profile. The corresponding glass tubes or rods can be obtained by drawing processes. In a further development of the embodiment, the glass tubes have a wall thickness of less than 5 mm.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Glas des Trägermaterials als Dünn- oder Dünnstglas ausgebildet und weist eine Dicke von weniger als 2000 µm, weniger als 1000 µm oder sogar weniger als 500 µm auf. Das Trägermaterial kann hierbei als Flachglas ausgebildet sein.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the glass of the carrier material is formed as a thin or Dünnstglas and has a thickness of less than 2000 microns, less than 1000 microns or even less than 500 microns. The carrier material may in this case be formed as flat glass.
Sogar die Verwendung von Dünngläsern mit Dicken von weniger als 100 µm oder sogar weniger als 50 µm als Trägermaterial ist möglich.Even the use of thin glasses with thicknesses of less than 100 microns or even less than 50 microns as a substrate is possible.
In einer Weiterbildung dieser Ausführungsform wird das Dünnglas dagegen in eine Glasrolle mit einem Durchmesser < 20 mm überführt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch ein Aufrollen des entsprechenden Flachglases erfolgen. Hierbei können auch Trägermaterialien in Form von Dünnglasrollen mit einem Durchmesser von weniger als 10 mm erhalten werden.In a further development of this embodiment, however, the thin glass is transferred into a glass roller with a diameter <20 mm. This can be done for example by rolling up the corresponding flat glass. In this case, carrier materials in the form of thin glass rolls with a diameter of less than 10 mm can be obtained.
Als für die Verwendung als Trägermaterial geeignete Gläser haben sich insbesondere Silikatgläser, Borosilikatgläser, Aluminiumsilikatgläser oder Aluminiumborosilikatgläser herausgestellt. Auch daraus über Temperaturbehandlung entwickelte Glaskeramiken sind einsetzbar.Silica glasses, borosilicate glasses, aluminum silicate glasses or aluminum borosilicate glasses have been found to be particularly suitable glasses for use as a carrier material. Also glass ceramics developed therefrom via temperature treatment can be used.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung handelt es sich bei dem Trägermaterial um ein Glas mit folgenden Bestandteilen (in Gew%):
Als besonders vorteilhaft haben sich hierbei Gläser mit folgenden Bestandteilen (in Gew%)herausgestellt:
Als Silikatgläser können auch Borosilikatgläser wie Zn-Ti-Borosilikatgläser, Zn-Silikatgläser oder auch Natriumsilikatgläser mit einem hohen SiO2-Gehalt verwendet werden.Borosilicate glasses such as Zn-Ti borosilicate glasses, Zn silicate glasses or sodium silicate glasses with a high SiO 2 content can also be used as silicate glasses.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass alkalihaltige Borosilikatgläser mit folgenden Bestandteilen (in Gew%-%) als Trägerglas verwendet werden:
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält das Glas folgende Bestandteile (Angaben in mol-%):
- Al2O3/Na2O ≥ 1 mol-% und
- ∑SiO2 + Al2O3 ≤ 82 mol-%
- Al 2 O 3 / Na 2 O ≥ 1 mol% and
- ΣSiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 ≤ 82 mol%
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält das Glas folgende Bestandteile (Angaben in Gew%):
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält das Glas folgende Bestandteile (Angaben in Gew%):
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält das Glas folgende Bestandteile (Angaben in Gew%):
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält das Glas folgende Bestandteile (Angaben in Gew%):
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält das Glas folgende Bestandteile (Angaben in Gew%):
Sowie übliche Läutermittel z.B. SnO2, SO4, Cl, AS2O3, Sb2O3 in Mengen von 0 bis 4 Gew.-%And customary refining agents, for example, SnO 2 , SO 4 , Cl, AS 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 in amounts of from 0 to 4% by weight.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung enthält das Glas folgende Bestandteile (Angaben in Gew%):
Sowie übliche Läutermittel z.B. SnO2, SO4, Cl, AS2O3, Sb2O3 in Mengen von 0 bis 4 Gew.-%And customary refining agents, for example, SnO 2 , SO 4 , Cl, AS 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 in amounts of from 0 to 4% by weight.
Insbesondere Alkalihaltige Aluminosilikate können hierbei durch Ionenaustausch chemisch gehärtet und die mechanische Stabilität des Trägermaterials kann so weiter erhöht werden. Insbesondere kann die Bruchwahrscheinlichkeit signifikant gesenkt werden. Auf Grund der hohen Glasübergangstemperatur Tg der Gläser von über 600°C kann hierbei der Ionenaustausch bei Temperaturen von über 400°C erfolgen, so dass nur eine geringe Ionenaustauschzeit benötigt wird. Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht daher vor, dass das Trägermaterial ein chemisch gehärtetes Glas ist.Alkali-containing aluminosilicates, in particular, can be chemically hardened by ion exchange, and the mechanical stability of the support material can thus be further increased. In particular, the probability of breakage can be significantly reduced. Due to the high glass transition temperature Tg of the glasses of more than 600 ° C in this case the ion exchange at temperatures of about 400 ° C take place, so that only a small ion exchange time is needed. A development of the invention therefore provides that the carrier material is a chemically hardened glass.
Dies ist insbesondere bei Trägermaterialien auf der Basis von Dünn- oder Dünnstgläsern besonders vorteilhaft. So können beispielsweise flache oder ultraflache Trägerkomponenten mit einer Dicke im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,5 mm durch ein Down-Draw oder Overflow Fusion Verfahren erhalten und ohne vorherige weitere Dünnung chemisch gehärtet werden.This is particularly advantageous in the case of carrier materials based on thin or very thin glasses. Thus, for example, flat or ultra-flat support components having a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm can be obtained by a down-draw or overflow fusion method and chemically cured without further thinning.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die mechanische Festigkeit der Trägerkomponente durch eine chemische und/oder mechanische Kantenbearbeitung wie beispielsweise. Kontourierung oder Kantenätzen weiter erhöht werden. Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht daher vor, dass die Kanten der Trägerkomponente chemisch und/oder mechanisch bearbeitet sind. Dies ist insbesondere bei Heizelementen mit Trägerkomponenten aus alkalifreien Gläsern vorteilhaft, da hier keine Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit durch Ionenaustausch erfolgen kann. Der Einsatz von alkalifreien Gläsern, beispielsweise von alkalifreien Aluminoborosilikatgläsern als Trägermaterial ist hierbei auf Grund ihrer hohen chemischen Resistenz sowie der guten Verarbeitbarkeit, insbesondere der Möglichkeit, die entsprechenden Gläser in ultradünne Formen ziehen zu können, besonders vorteilhaft.Alternatively or additionally, the mechanical strength of the carrier component by a chemical and / or mechanical edge processing such as. Contouring or edging continues to be increased. A Further development of the invention therefore provides that the edges of the carrier component are processed chemically and / or mechanically. This is particularly advantageous for heating elements with carrier components of alkali-free glasses, since no increase in mechanical strength can be achieved by ion exchange. The use of alkali-free glasses, for example alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glasses as support material, is particularly advantageous on account of their high chemical resistance and good processability, in particular the possibility of being able to draw the corresponding glasses into ultrathin forms.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird als Trägerkomponente eine Glaskeramik, bevorzugt eine LAS-Glaskeramik (Lithiumaluminiumsilikat-Glaskeramik) oder MAS-Glaskeramik (Magnesiumaluminiumsilikat-Glaskeramik)verwendet. So weisen LAS-Glaskeramiken sehr niedrige thermische Leitfähigkeitswerte von 1,1 W/K*m auf, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Heizperformance auswirkt. Gleichzeitig weisen Glaskeramiken eine hohe mechanische Stabilität auf.According to a further embodiment of the invention, a glass ceramic, preferably a LAS glass ceramic (lithium aluminum silicate glass ceramic) or MAS glass ceramic (magnesium aluminum silicate glass ceramic) is used as the carrier component. Thus, LAS glass ceramics have very low thermal conductivity values of 1.1 W / K * m, which has an advantageous effect on the heating performance. At the same time glass-ceramics have a high mechanical stability.
Die Heizleiterstrukturen können beispielsweise spiralförmig oder meanderförmig auf der Oberfläche des Trägermaterials aufgebracht sein. Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht eine vollflächige Aufbringung der Heizleiterstrukturen auf dem Trägermaterial vor.The heating conductor structures can be applied, for example, spirally or meandering on the surface of the carrier material. A further embodiment of the invention provides a full-surface application of the heat conductor structures on the carrier material.
Bei einem rohrförmigen Trägermaterial können je nach Ausgestaltung des Heizelements bzw. der entsprechenden E-Zigarette die Heizleiterstrukturen auf der inneren oder der äußeren Mantelfläche des Trägermaterials aufgebracht sein.In the case of a tubular carrier material, depending on the configuration of the heating element or the corresponding e-cigarette the Heizleiterstrukturen be applied to the inner or the outer lateral surface of the carrier material.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Heizleiterstrukturen in Form einer elektrisch leitenden Beschichtung, bevorzugt als platinhaltige Beschichtung oder ITO-Beschichtung auf die Oberfläche des Trägermaterials aufgebracht.According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat conductor structures are applied in the form of an electrically conductive coating, preferably as a platinum-containing coating or ITO coating, to the surface of the carrier material.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen sowie der
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Fig. 1 eine graphische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements, bei welchem das Trägermaterial rohrförmig ausgebildet ist und sich die Heizleiterstrukturen auf der äußeren Mantelfläche des Rohrs befinden, -
Fig. 2 eine graphische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizelements, bei welchem das Trägermaterial stabförmig ausgebildet ist -
Fig. 3 eine graphische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels, bei welchem das Trägermaterial als Flachglas ausgebildet ist und meanderförmige Heizleiterstrukturen aufweist, -
Fig. 4 eine graphische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels, bei welchem das Trägermaterial als Flachglas ausgebildet ist und vollflächige Heizleiterstrukturen aufweist und - Fig. 5 den schematischen Aufbau einer elektronischen Zigarette.
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Fig. 1 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention, in which the carrier material is tubular and the heat conductor structures are located on the outer circumferential surface of the tube, -
Fig. 2 a graphical representation of an embodiment of a heating element according to the invention, in which the carrier material is rod-shaped -
Fig. 3 a graphical representation of another embodiment in which the carrier material is formed as a flat glass and has meandering heat conductor structures, -
Fig. 4 a graphical representation of another embodiment in which the carrier material is formed as a flat glass and has full-surface Heizleiter structures and - Fig. 5 shows the schematic structure of an electronic cigarette.
Die Tabellen 1 bis 4 zeigen 13 verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele für das verwendete Trägermaterial. Die einzelnen Ausführungsbeispiele unterscheiden sich hierbei hinsichtlich der Zusammensetzung des Glases. Die in Tabelle 1 aufgeführten Beispiele 1 bis 5 enthalten Alkaliionen und können chemisch gehärtet werden, bei den in Tabelle 2 aufgeführten Beispielen 6 und 7 handelt es sich um Alkalifreie Gläser. Hier kann beispielsweise eine weitere Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit durch eine chemische und/oder mechanische Kantenbearbeitung erfolgen.
Tabelle 4 zeigt beispielhafte Ausgangsglas-Zusammensetzungen aus dem LAS Glaskeramiksystem. In keramisiertem Zustand liegen die Ausdehnungskoeffizienten im Bereich von 0 +/- 0,5 ppm/K. Die thermische Leitfähigkeit liegt bei 1,7 W m-1 K-1Table 4 shows exemplary starting glass compositions from the LAS glass ceramic system. In the ceramized state, the expansion coefficients are in the range of 0 +/- 0.5 ppm / K. The thermal conductivity is 1.7 W m-1 K-1
Der in
In
Die Heizleiterstrukturen 3 können über die Kontakte 8a und 8b mit einer Energiequelle (nicht dargestellt) verbunden werden. Die in
In Fig. 5 ist eine elektronische Zigarette 9 dargestellt. Die Zigarette 9 umfasst eine Spitze 10 und ein Mundstück 19, an welchem der Benutzer zieht, um das in der Zigarette mittels eines Verdampfers 15 erzeugte Aerosol zu inhalieren. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Mundstück 19 von der Spitze 10 abnehmbar.5, an
Die Zigarette 9 enthält einen elektrischen Energiespeicher 12, um die elektrische Energie zur Verdampfung der organischen Flüssigkeit im Verdampfer 12 bereitzustellen. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform ist der elektrische Energiespeicher 12 in der Spitze 10 der Zigarette 9 untergebracht.The
Die elektronische Zigarette 9 enthält weiterhin eine Steuereinheit 13, welche die Heizleistung des Heizelements im Verdampfer 15 regelt. Insbesondere kann die Steuereinheit 13 eingerichtet sein, festzustellen, ob ein Benutzer inhaliert und abhängig davon die Heizleistung des Heizelements 16 zu regeln.The
In der Spitze 10 kann weiterhin eine Leuchtdiode 11 angeordnet sein, die ebenfalls von der Steuereinheit 13 angesteuert wird. Registriert die Steuereinheit 13, dass der Benutzer an der Zigarette 9 zieht, kann diese die Leuchtdiode 11 ansteuern, so dass die Leuchtdiode 11 leuchtet. Damit wird ein optischer Effekt entsprechend dem Aufglimmen beim Ziehen an einer herkömmlichen Zigarette erzielt.In the
Die Verdampfereinheit 15 umfasst einen Flüssigkeitsspeicher 17 und eine darin aufgenommene organischer Trägerflüssigkeit 18. Zur Beheizung des Flüssigkeitsspeichers 17 und damit zur Verdampfung der organischen Trägerflüssigkeit 18 mit darin gelösten Bestandteilen, wie Nikotin, Duftstoffen und/oder Aromastoffen umfasst die Verdampfereinheit 15 das elektrisch beheizbares Heizelement 16. Das Heizelement 16 wird über die Steuereinheit 13 gesteuert vom elektrischen Energiespeicher 12 mit Strom versorgt. Durch Beheizen auf eine Betriebstemperatur größer als 100° C ist die Flüssigkeitsspeicher aufgenommene organische Trägerflüssigkeit 18, insbesondere ein hochsiedender Alkohol, wie Glycerin oder Propylenglykol verdampfbar.The
Claims (22)
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DE102016115574.8A DE102016115574B4 (en) | 2016-08-23 | 2016-08-23 | Heating elements for electronic cigarettes |
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US (1) | US10321719B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3287021B1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6979829B2 (en) | 2021-12-15 |
DE102016115574A1 (en) | 2018-04-05 |
ES2822002T3 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
JP2018032628A (en) | 2018-03-01 |
DE102016115574B4 (en) | 2024-06-20 |
EP3287021B1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
US20180064170A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
EP3287021A3 (en) | 2018-03-14 |
US10321719B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
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