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EP3274288B1 - Crane tower - Google Patents

Crane tower Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3274288B1
EP3274288B1 EP16711775.3A EP16711775A EP3274288B1 EP 3274288 B1 EP3274288 B1 EP 3274288B1 EP 16711775 A EP16711775 A EP 16711775A EP 3274288 B1 EP3274288 B1 EP 3274288B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crane
crane tower
tower
tension
tension element
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP16711775.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3274288A1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Mayer
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Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
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Liebherr Werk Biberach GmbH
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Publication of EP3274288A1 publication Critical patent/EP3274288A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
    • B66C23/28—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels
    • B66C23/283—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail constructed to operate at successively higher levels with frameworks composed of assembled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/02—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with non-adjustable and non-inclinable jibs mounted solely for slewing movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/74—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/20—Side-supporting means therefor, e.g. using guy ropes or struts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crane tower and a tower crane containing this crane tower.
  • crane tower An important element in cranes is the crane tower, which, among other things, accounts for a large proportion of the hook height that can be reached by a crane.
  • the function of the crane tower is to divert the loads that occur from the upper part of the crane and the forces acting on the upper part to the base of the crane tower.
  • the forces that occur that load the crane tower are, in particular, the dead weight of the crane components, loads from moments that are caused by a load on a load hook or by counterballast on the counterjib, loads from travel movements of the crane and loads that occur due to the effects of wind on the Crane are caused to call.
  • the various effects or loads are typically dissipated by a suitable choice of tower construction.
  • the tower is therefore as a truss structure designed in which bending moments that occur, i.e. moments that can lead to bending of the crane tower projecting perpendicularly to the ground, are usually dissipated via three or four corner posts.
  • the horizontal moments and the torsional loads are derived from the infill with diagonal elements in the crane tower to the base.
  • the dimensions of welded towers are usually selected in such a way that the maximum permissible dimensions for transport are not exceeded and the transport is also economical.
  • the CN 202063655U discloses a tower crane, on the crane tower of which a support frame is fastened, which is connected to a crane tower base via several guy ropes.
  • U1 discloses a mobile crane with an undercarriage, an uppercarriage rotatably mounted on the undercarriage and a telescopic boom articulated pivotably on the uppercarriage.
  • the telescopic boom is braced via a Y-guying attached to the base section.
  • the DE 42 21 915 A1 shows a tower crane slewing from below, the jib of which is attached to a guyed climbing cage.
  • the crane tower comprises a crane tower base, to which a crane tower is attached and from which the crane tower extends upwards, and a tension element for bracing the crane tower on the crane tower base, the tension element being connected at one of its two ends to the crane tower base and at its respective other end End is connected to a rigidly connected to the crane tower coupling element.
  • the crane tower is also distinguished by the fact that the tension element runs outside of the crane tower.
  • a crane tower is a structure of a crane that erects itself, preferably in the vertical, to which the crane boom is attached and thus has a significant share of the hook height to be reached with the crane.
  • the crane tower consists of several mast sections that can be connected to one another, which represent individual elements of the crane tower that can be connected to one another.
  • mast sections are inserted into a crane tower that is already connected to the fully assembled crane top. This is usually done by a hydraulic pump arranged on the crane tower, which pushes the upper part of the crane upwards and thus creates free space for a mast bracket element to be inserted. By repeating the insertion process, the crane tower grows in height.
  • the pre-assembled sections of the crane tower are referred to as the mast section.
  • the crane tower base describes that element from which the crane tower extends upwards and that initiates the forces emitted by the crane tower into the ground.
  • a crane foundation a foundation cross
  • a concrete foundation is usually used as the crane foundation, the upper side of which is preferably approximately flush with the ground level.
  • the tension element for bracing the crane tower preferably comprises a strut and/or a rope.
  • a point on the crane tower or a coupling element connected to the crane tower is connected to the crane tower base via the tension element with the tension element, so that the point on the crane tower connected to the tension element or the coupling element is pulled or clamped in the direction of the crane tower base.
  • the tension element runs outside the crane tower. This preferably means that the cross-sectional area defined by the multiple corner posts of the mast section or of the crane tower does not collide with a tension element.
  • a coupling element that is rigidly connected to the crane tower is not taken into account when defining the cross-sectional area of the crane tower, since a coupling element has no effect whatsoever on the maximum bending forces that can be derived from a crane tower. Accordingly, it is preferably only relevant that the tension element runs outside of a cross-sectional area of the crane tower whose corner points are defined by the plurality of, preferably three or four, corner posts of the crane tower.
  • any element which protrudes rigidly from the crane tower and has a point outside the cross-sectional area defined by the several corner posts of a crane can be regarded as a coupling element. It is typical for a coupling element that it has a rigid connection to the crane tower and has a rigid basic structure per se.
  • a bracket attached to the crane tower, a transition piece to another type of crane tower or a slewing ring bearing can be used as the coupling element of a crane tower.
  • the point connected to the tension element is outside a cross-sectional area of a crane tower element (mast section) located.
  • the cross section runs in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.
  • the cross-sectional area is preferably determined by that mast element that has a direct connection to the crane tower base.
  • the crane element connected to the crane tower base has a smaller cross-sectional area than a mast section arranged above it, a connection of the tension element at points that go beyond the cross-sectional area of the mast section connected to the crane tower base is covered by the invention.
  • the coupling element which is connected to one end of the pulling element, preferably protrudes from the crane tower. It advantageously protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.
  • the tension element runs approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower, ie approximately parallel to the vertical in the case of a tower crane.
  • This arrangement of the tension element leads to a space-saving implementation of the invention, since a compact crane tower base accompanies the implementation of the invention.
  • the use of material for the tension element is minimal in relation to a maximum height that can be reached.
  • the crane tower according to the invention comprises a second tension element which is arranged in particular such that it lies together with the first tension element in a common plane which contains the longitudinal direction of the crane tower or is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.
  • first tension element and the second tension element are arranged mirror-symmetrically to a mirror plane, the mirror plane preferably running through the longitudinal axis of the crane tower.
  • the first and the second tension element are each connected to an associated coupling element (present separately for each of the tension elements).
  • both tension elements prefferably, it is also possible for both tension elements to run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crane tower.
  • traction element as a sheathed, high-strength fiber cable
  • the fiber cable preferably containing aramid fibers.
  • These high-strength, sheathed fiber ropes are particularly strong and resilient and their load-bearing capacity can be easily adapted to the required properties.
  • they are extremely light and, due to their flexibility, are ideal for forming longer tension members.
  • they can preferably be transported in a reeled state and installed with little assembly effort. This leads to savings when transporting the crane and during assembly.
  • a construction of a crane tower which has several coupling elements which protrude from the crane tower and are arranged one above the other in a vertical direction and in which the pulling element runs from a next higher coupling element to a coupling element below or is connected to it.
  • the crane tower base can be seen as that section of the crane tower which is connected to the coupling element located below a next-higher coupling element. It extends a crane tower element, which is preferably one Mast section equals, from the crane tower base upwards and is connected to the crane tower base via a tension element.
  • a crane tower element which is preferably one Mast section equals, from the crane tower base upwards and is connected to the crane tower base via a tension element.
  • This implementation of the invention is particularly useful for cranes that are capable of climbing. It is thus possible, when a certain height has been reached, to move a crane tower according to the invention, ie to equip it with a tension element, and to let the tension elements also climb with the crane as the height increases.
  • the invention also relates to a tower crane with a crane tower according to one of the above embodiments, the tower crane preferably being a top-slewing tower crane.
  • the crane tower 1 shows a crane tower 1 which is attached to a crane tower base 2.
  • the crane tower base 2 has an upper side which faces the crane tower 1 and is at a similar level to the floor 7 surrounding the crane tower base 2 .
  • the crane tower 1 has coupling elements 5 that protrude from the crane tower 1 .
  • Each coupling element 5 has an associated tension element 3; 4, which connects the coupling element 5 to the crane tower base 2.
  • the tension element 3; 4 runs downwards from its connection point with the coupling element 5, essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower 1.
  • the tension element 3; 4 from its connection point to the coupling element 5 but also in a manner not shown here obliquely or "crosswise" to the crane tower base 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a crane tower according to the invention in a side view.
  • a number of coupling elements 5, 52, 53 which are spaced apart from one another in terms of height and protrude from the crane tower 1 can be seen.
  • the superimposed coupling elements 5, 52, 53 are each associated with a tension element 3; 4, 32; 42, 33; 43 in connection.
  • a next higher bracing level which already has a bracing level below it, is connected to the tension level below by a tension element 4; 3 connected.
  • a coupling element 5 is connected via a tension element 3; 4 connected to a crane tower base 2.
  • the coupling elements 5 arranged closest to the floor 7 form the first bracing level.
  • the first bracing level forms the crane tower base 22 for the bracing level above it.
  • the coupling element 52 with the aid of a pulling element 32; 42 connected to the crane tower base 22.
  • a third bracing level which is arranged above the second bracing level and whose coupling element 53 has a corresponding tension element 33; 43 to be attached to a crane tower base 23. This makes it possible for the tension elements to increase in height in a manner similar to climbing a crane tower 1 .
  • Fig. 1 shows an overhead slewing tower crane 6 with a crane tower 1 of the present invention.
  • the crane tower base 2 is a cruciform foundation or an undercarriage. This foundation cross or this undercarriage is connected to a tension element 3; 4, which extends to a coupling element 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Kranturm sowie einen diesen Kranturm enthaltenden Turmdrehkran.The present invention relates to a crane tower and a tower crane containing this crane tower.

Ein wichtiges Element bei Kranen ist der Kranturm, der unter anderem einen großen Anteil an der zu erreichenden Hakenhöhe eines Krans ausmacht. Bei obendrehenden Turmdrehkranen hat der Kranturm die Funktion, die auftretenden Belastungen aus dem Oberteil des Kranes sowie auf das Oberteil wirkende Kräfte zum Fußpunkt des Kranturmes abzuleiten.An important element in cranes is the crane tower, which, among other things, accounts for a large proportion of the hook height that can be reached by a crane. In the case of top-slewing tower cranes, the function of the crane tower is to divert the loads that occur from the upper part of the crane and the forces acting on the upper part to the base of the crane tower.

Als auftretende Kräfte, die den Kranturm belasten, sind insbesondere das Eigengewicht der Kranbauteile, Belastungen durch Momente, die aufgrund einer Last an einem Lasthaken beziehungsweise durch einen Gegenballast am Gegenausleger hervorgerufen werden, Belastungen aus Fahrbewegungen des Krans und Belastungen, die aufgrund von Windeinwirkung auf den Kran hervorgerufen werden, zu nennen.The forces that occur that load the crane tower are, in particular, the dead weight of the crane components, loads from moments that are caused by a load on a load hook or by counterballast on the counterjib, loads from travel movements of the crane and loads that occur due to the effects of wind on the Crane are caused to call.

In herkömmlichen Kranen erfolgt die Abtleitung der verschiedenen Einwirkungen beziehungsweise Belastungen typischerweise durch eine geeignete Wahl der Turmkonstruktion. In den meisten Fällen ist der Turm deshalb als Fachwerk-Tragwerk ausgebildet, bei dem auftretende Biegemomente, also Momente, die zu einem Verbiegen des senkrecht zum Boden abstehenden Kranturms führen können, über meist drei oder vier Eckstiele abgeleitet werden. Die horizontalen Momente und die Torsionsbelastungen werden über die Ausfachung mit diagonalen Elementen in dem Kranturm zum Fußpunkt abgeleitet.In conventional cranes, the various effects or loads are typically dissipated by a suitable choice of tower construction. In most cases, the tower is therefore as a truss structure designed in which bending moments that occur, i.e. moments that can lead to bending of the crane tower projecting perpendicularly to the ground, are usually dissipated via three or four corner posts. The horizontal moments and the torsional loads are derived from the infill with diagonal elements in the crane tower to the base.

Hierbei werden die Abmessungen von verschweißten Türmen meist so gewählt, dass die maximal zulässigen Abmessungsgrenzen für einen Transport nicht überschritten werden und auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Transports erhalten bleibt.The dimensions of welded towers are usually selected in such a way that the maximum permissible dimensions for transport are not exceeded and the transport is also economical.

Diesem Bestreben stehen eine möglichst hohe Hakenhöhe und eine möglichst große Biegefestigkeit des Krans entgegen, die eine entsprechende Dimensionierung der Bauteile des Turms erfordert, wodurch der Kranturm schwer und teuer wird. Diese beiden gegensätzlichen Bestrebungen lassen sich mit herkömmlichen Kranen nicht vereinen. Die maximale Hakenhöhe bleibt begrenzt, da die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Transports und auch die Umsetzung eines Krantransports gewisse Grenzen setzen. Bei einem Bedarf nach besonders großen Hakenhöhen wird der Turmquerschnitt daher abgestuft, indem größere Turmbauteile in einen unteren Bereich des Kranturms verwendet werden. Nach oben hin wird der Turmquerschnitt schrittweise kleiner. Dennoch ist der Transportaufwand enorm.This endeavor is opposed to the highest possible hook height and the greatest possible bending strength of the crane, which requires the components of the tower to be dimensioned accordingly, making the crane tower heavy and expensive. These two opposing aspirations cannot be reconciled with conventional cranes. The maximum hook height remains limited, as the cost-effectiveness of the transport and also the implementation of a crane transport set certain limits. If there is a need for particularly large hook heights, the tower cross section is therefore graded by using larger tower components in a lower area of the crane tower. The cross-section of the tower gradually decreases towards the top. Nevertheless, the transport costs are enormous.

Die CN 202063655U offenbart einen Turmdrehkran, an dessen Kranturm ein Stützrahmen befestigt ist, welcher über mehrere Abspannseile mit einer Kranturmbasis verbunden ist.the CN 202063655U discloses a tower crane, on the crane tower of which a support frame is fastened, which is connected to a crane tower base via several guy ropes.

Aus der DE 200 20 974 U1 ist ein Mobilkran mit einem Unterwagen, einem drehbar auf dem Unterwagen gelagerten Oberwagen und einem schwenkbar am Oberwagen angelenkten Teleskopausleger bekannt. Der Teleskopausleger ist über eine am Basisschuss befestigte Y-Abspannung abgespannt.From the DE 200 20 974 U1 discloses a mobile crane with an undercarriage, an uppercarriage rotatably mounted on the undercarriage and a telescopic boom articulated pivotably on the uppercarriage. The telescopic boom is braced via a Y-guying attached to the base section.

Die DE 42 21 915 A1 zeigt einen untendrehenden Turmdrehkran, dessen Ausleger an einem abgespannten Kletterkorb angebracht ist.the DE 42 21 915 A1 shows a tower crane slewing from below, the jib of which is attached to a guyed climbing cage.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Belastungen, die ein Kranturm aufnehmen kann, zu vergrößern, beziehungsweise die Bauteile eines Kranturms so zu dimensionieren, dass sie bei einer gleichen Belastungsfähigkeit leichter zu transportieren sind und geringere Transportabmessungen aufweisen.It is the object of the present invention to increase the loads that a crane tower can absorb, or to dimension the components of a crane tower in such a way that they are easier to transport with the same load capacity and have smaller transport dimensions.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Kranturm mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This problem is solved by a crane tower with the features according to claim 1.

Hierbei umfasst der Kranturm eine Kranturmbasis, an der ein Kranturm befestigt ist und von der sich der Kranturm nach oben erstreckt, und ein Zugelement zum Verspannen des Kranturms an der Kranturmbasis, wobei das Zugelement an einem seiner beiden Enden mit der Kranturmbasis und an seinem jeweiligen anderen Ende mit einem mit dem Kranturm starr verbundenen Koppelelement verbunden ist. Der Kranturm zeichnet sich ferner dadurch aus, dass das Zugelement außerhalb des Kranturms verläuft.Here, the crane tower comprises a crane tower base, to which a crane tower is attached and from which the crane tower extends upwards, and a tension element for bracing the crane tower on the crane tower base, the tension element being connected at one of its two ends to the crane tower base and at its respective other end End is connected to a rigidly connected to the crane tower coupling element. The crane tower is also distinguished by the fact that the tension element runs outside of the crane tower.

Ein Kranturm ist ein sich, vorzugsweise in der Vertikalen, aufrichtender Aufbau eines Kranes, an dem der Kranausleger befestigt ist und somit maßgeblichen Anteil an der mit dem Kran zu erreichenden Hakenhöhe besitzt. Typischerweise besteht der Kranturm aus mehreren miteinander verbindbaren Mastschüssen, die einzelne, miteinander verbindbare Elemente des Kranturms darstellen. Bei "kletterfähigen" Kranen werden Mastschüsse in einen bereits mit dem fertig montierten Kranoberteil verbundenen Kranturm eingefügt. Dies erfolgt meist durch eine an dem Kranturm angeordnete Hydraulikpumpe, die einen Kranoberteil nach oben drückt und somit Freiraum für ein einzufügendes Mastschusselement schafft. Durch ein Wiederholen des Einfügevorgangs wächst der Kranturm in die Höhe. Als Mastschuss bezeichnet man die vormontierten Teilstücke des Kranturms.A crane tower is a structure of a crane that erects itself, preferably in the vertical, to which the crane boom is attached and thus has a significant share of the hook height to be reached with the crane. Typically, the crane tower consists of several mast sections that can be connected to one another, which represent individual elements of the crane tower that can be connected to one another. With "climbable" cranes, mast sections are inserted into a crane tower that is already connected to the fully assembled crane top. This is usually done by a hydraulic pump arranged on the crane tower, which pushes the upper part of the crane upwards and thus creates free space for a mast bracket element to be inserted. By repeating the insertion process, the crane tower grows in height. The pre-assembled sections of the crane tower are referred to as the mast section.

Die Kranturmbasis beschreibt dasjenige Element, von dem aus sich der Kranturm nach oben erstreckt und dass die vom Kranturm abgegebenen Kräfte in den Boden einleitet. Als Kranturmbasis kommt beispielsweise ein Kranfundament, ein Fundamentkreuz oder ein Unterwagen in Betracht. Als Kranfundament dient meist ein Betonfundament, dessen Oberseite vorzugsweise mit dem Bodenniveau in etwa bündig abschließt.The crane tower base describes that element from which the crane tower extends upwards and that initiates the forces emitted by the crane tower into the ground. For example, a crane foundation, a foundation cross, is used as a crane tower base or an undercarriage into consideration. A concrete foundation is usually used as the crane foundation, the upper side of which is preferably approximately flush with the ground level.

Das Zugelement zum Verspannen des Kranturms umfasst vorzugsweise eine Strebe und/oder ein Seil. Mit dem Zugelement wird ein Punkt des Kranturms oder ein mit dem Kranturm verbundenes Koppelelement über das Zugelement mit der Kranturmbasis verbunden, sodass der mit dem Zugelement verbundene Punkt des Kranturms beziehungsweise das Koppelelement in Richtung der Kranturmbasis gezogen oder verspannt wird.The tension element for bracing the crane tower preferably comprises a strut and/or a rope. A point on the crane tower or a coupling element connected to the crane tower is connected to the crane tower base via the tension element with the tension element, so that the point on the crane tower connected to the tension element or the coupling element is pulled or clamped in the direction of the crane tower base.

Zudem verläuft das Zugelement außerhalb des Kranturms. Vorzugsweise bedeutet dies, dass die durch die mehreren Eckstiele des Mastschusses, beziehungsweise des Kranturms, definierte Querschnittsfläche nicht mit einem Zugelement kollidiert.In addition, the tension element runs outside the crane tower. This preferably means that the cross-sectional area defined by the multiple corner posts of the mast section or of the crane tower does not collide with a tension element.

Ein Koppelelement, das starr mit dem Kranturm verbunden ist, findet bei der Definition der Querschnittsfläche des Kranturms keine Berücksichtigung, da ein Koppelelement keinerlei Auswirkung auf die maximal ableitbaren Biegekräfte eines Kranturms aufweist. Demnach ist vorzugsweise lediglich von Belang, dass das Zugelement außerhalb einer Querschnittsfläche des Kranturms verläuft, deren Eckpunkte durch die mehreren, vorzugsweise drei oder vier, Eckstiele des Kranturms definiert ist.A coupling element that is rigidly connected to the crane tower is not taken into account when defining the cross-sectional area of the crane tower, since a coupling element has no effect whatsoever on the maximum bending forces that can be derived from a crane tower. Accordingly, it is preferably only relevant that the tension element runs outside of a cross-sectional area of the crane tower whose corner points are defined by the plurality of, preferably three or four, corner posts of the crane tower.

Als Koppelelement kann jedes starr von dem Kranturm abstehende Element angesehen werden, das einen Punkt außerhalb der durch die mehreren Eckstiele eines Krans definierten Querschnittsfläche aufweist. Typisch für ein Koppelelement ist, dass es eine starre Verbindung mit dem Kranturm aufweist und einen an sich starren Grundaufbau besitzt. Erfindungsgemäß kommt als Koppelelement eines Kranturms eine an den Kranturm angebaute Konsole, ein Übergangsstück auf einen anderen Kranturmtyp oder eine Kugeldrehkranzauflage in Frage. Wie oben bereits erläutert ist es von Vorteil, wenn der mit dem Zugelement in Verbindung stehende Punkt außerhalb einer Querschnittsfläche eines Kranturmelements (Mastschuss) liegt. Der Querschnitt verläuft in einer Ebene, die senkrecht zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms steht. Die Querschnittsfläche wird vorzugsweise durch dasjenige Mastelement bestimmt, das eine direkte Verbindung mit der Kranturmbasis aufweist.Any element which protrudes rigidly from the crane tower and has a point outside the cross-sectional area defined by the several corner posts of a crane can be regarded as a coupling element. It is typical for a coupling element that it has a rigid connection to the crane tower and has a rigid basic structure per se. According to the invention, a bracket attached to the crane tower, a transition piece to another type of crane tower or a slewing ring bearing can be used as the coupling element of a crane tower. As already explained above, it is advantageous if the point connected to the tension element is outside a cross-sectional area of a crane tower element (mast section) located. The cross section runs in a plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower. The cross-sectional area is preferably determined by that mast element that has a direct connection to the crane tower base.

Weist das mit der Kranturmbasis in Verbindung stehende Kranelement also eine kleinere Querschnittsfläche auf als ein darüber angeordneter Mastschuss ist eine Verbindung des Zugelements an Punkten, die über die Querschnittsfläche des mit der Kranturmbasis in Verbindung stehenden Mastschusses hinausgehen von der Erfindung umfasst.If the crane element connected to the crane tower base has a smaller cross-sectional area than a mast section arranged above it, a connection of the tension element at points that go beyond the cross-sectional area of the mast section connected to the crane tower base is covered by the invention.

Vorzugsweise steht das Koppelelement, das mit einem Ende des Zugelements verbunden ist, vom Kranturm ab. Vorteilhafterweise steht es einer zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms senkrechten Richtung ab.The coupling element, which is connected to one end of the pulling element, preferably protrudes from the crane tower. It advantageously protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower.

Nach einem weiteren optionalen, vorteilhaften Merkmal verläuft das Zugelement in etwa parallel zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms, bei einem Turmdrehkran also in etwa parallel zur Vertikalen. Diese Anordnung des Zugelements führt zu einer platzsparenden Umsetzung der Erfindung, da hierbei eine kompakte Kranturmbasis die Umsetzung der Erfindung begleitet. Zudem ist mit einem parallel zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms verlaufenden Zugelement der Materialeinsatz für das Zugelement bezogen auf eine maximal zu erreichende Höhe minimal.According to a further optional, advantageous feature, the tension element runs approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower, ie approximately parallel to the vertical in the case of a tower crane. This arrangement of the tension element leads to a space-saving implementation of the invention, since a compact crane tower base accompanies the implementation of the invention. In addition, with a tension element running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower, the use of material for the tension element is minimal in relation to a maximum height that can be reached.

Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der erfindungsgemäße Kranturm ein zweites Zugelement, das insbesondere so angeordnet ist, dass es zusammen mit dem ersten Zugelement in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegt, die die Längsrichtung des Kranturms enthält oder zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms parallel ist. Durch Vorsehen eines zweiten Zugelements ist es möglich, die Biegemomente, die auf den Kran einwirken, in mehr als einer Richtung zu kompensieren. Dem Fachmann ist klar, dass die vorliegende Erfindung nicht auf maximal zwei Zugelemente beschränkt ist. Vielmehr ist das Vorsehen weiterer Zugelemente sinnvoll, um auftretende Biegekräfte aus mehreren Richtungen mit Hilfe von mehreren Zugelementen zu kompensieren beziehungsweise abzuschwächen.According to the invention, the crane tower according to the invention comprises a second tension element which is arranged in particular such that it lies together with the first tension element in a common plane which contains the longitudinal direction of the crane tower or is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower. By providing a second tension element it is possible to compensate for the bending moments acting on the crane in more than one direction. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to a maximum of two tension elements. Rather, the provision of further tension elements makes sense in order to compensate or weaken bending forces that occur from several directions with the aid of several tension elements.

Eine zusätzliche vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung beschreibt, dass das erste Zugelement und das zweite Zugelement spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer Spiegelebene angeordnet sind, wobei die Spiegelebene vorzugsweise durch die Längsachse des Kranturms verläuft.An additional advantageous development of the invention describes that the first tension element and the second tension element are arranged mirror-symmetrically to a mirror plane, the mirror plane preferably running through the longitudinal axis of the crane tower.

Erfindungsgemäß ist das erste und das zweite Zugelement jeweils mit einem zugehörigen (für jedes der Zugelemente separat vorhandenen) Koppelelement verbunden.According to the invention, the first and the second tension element are each connected to an associated coupling element (present separately for each of the tension elements).

Vorzugsweise ist auch möglich, dass beide Zugelemente parallel zur Längsachse des Kranturms verlaufen.Preferably, it is also possible for both tension elements to run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the crane tower.

Dabei ist eine Ausführung des Zugelements als ein ummanteltes hochfestes Faserseil denkbar, wobei das Faserseil vorzugsweise Aramidfasern enthält. Diese hochfesten, ummantelten Faserseile sind besonders tragfest und widerstandfähig und können in einfacher Weise in der Tragfähigkeit an die geforderten Eigenschaften angepasst werden. Zudem besitzen sie ein äußerst geringes Gewicht und sind aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität ideal geeignet, um längere Zugglieder auszubilden. Zudem lassen sie sich vorzugsweise in einem aufgetrommelten Zustand transportieren und mit geringem Montageaufwand installieren. Dies führt zu Einsparungen beim Transport des Krans und bei der Montage.An embodiment of the traction element as a sheathed, high-strength fiber cable is conceivable, with the fiber cable preferably containing aramid fibers. These high-strength, sheathed fiber ropes are particularly strong and resilient and their load-bearing capacity can be easily adapted to the required properties. In addition, they are extremely light and, due to their flexibility, are ideal for forming longer tension members. In addition, they can preferably be transported in a reeled state and installed with little assembly effort. This leads to savings when transporting the crane and during assembly.

Vorzugsweise ist auch eine Konstruktion eines Kranturms denkbar, die mehrere vom Kranturm abstehende in einer Höhenrichtung übereinander angeordnete Koppelelemente aufweist und bei denen das Zugelement von einem nächsthöheren Koppelelement zu einem darunterliegenden Koppelement verläuft, beziehungsweise mit diesem verbunden ist.Preferably, a construction of a crane tower is also conceivable which has several coupling elements which protrude from the crane tower and are arranged one above the other in a vertical direction and in which the pulling element runs from a next higher coupling element to a coupling element below or is connected to it.

Hierbei ist als Kranturmbasis derjenige Abschnitt des Kranturms zu sehen, der mit dem unter einem nächsthöheren Koppelelement liegenden Koppelelement in Verbindung steht. Es erstreckt sich ein Kranturmelement, das vorzugsweise einem Mastschuss gleicht, von der Kranturmbasis nach oben und wird mit der Kranturmbasis über ein Zugelement verbunden. Man kann also von mehreren Verspannungsebenen sprechen, wobei einander angrenzende Ebenen durch ein Zugelement miteinander verbunden sind. Diese Umsetzung der Erfindung bietet sich insbesondere bei Kranen an, die kletterfähig sind. So ist es möglich, bei einer bestimmten erreichten Höhe einen Kranturm nach der Erfindung umzusetzen, ihn also mit einem Zugelement auszustatten, und die Zugelemente mit steigender Höhe des Krans ebenfalls mitklettern zu lassen.In this case, the crane tower base can be seen as that section of the crane tower which is connected to the coupling element located below a next-higher coupling element. It extends a crane tower element, which is preferably one Mast section equals, from the crane tower base upwards and is connected to the crane tower base via a tension element. One can therefore speak of several bracing levels, with adjacent levels being connected to one another by a tension element. This implementation of the invention is particularly useful for cranes that are capable of climbing. It is thus possible, when a certain height has been reached, to move a crane tower according to the invention, ie to equip it with a tension element, and to let the tension elements also climb with the crane as the height increases.

Die Erfindung betrifft zudem einen Turmdrehkran mit einem Kranturm nach einer der vorstehenden Ausführungen, wobei der Turmdrehkran vorzugsweise ein obendrehender Turmdrehkran ist.The invention also relates to a tower crane with a crane tower according to one of the above embodiments, the tower crane preferably being a top-slewing tower crane.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten werden im Folgenden anhand in den Zeichnungen dargestellter Ausführungsformen im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
eine Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Kranturms,
Fig. 2:
eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Kranturms in einer Seitenansicht, und
Fig. 3:
einen obendrehenden Turmdrehkran mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Kranturm in einer Seitenansicht.
Further advantages and details are described in detail below with reference to embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show it:
Figure 1:
a side view of a crane tower according to the invention,
Figure 2:
a further embodiment of the crane tower according to the invention in a side view, and
Figure 3:
a top-slewing tower crane with a crane tower according to the invention in a side view.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Kranturm 1, der an einer Kranturmbasis 2 befestigt ist. Die Kranturmbasis 2 weist eine zu dem Kranturm 1 zugewandte Oberseite auf, die ein ähnliches Niveau wie den die Kranturmbasis 2 umgebenden Boden 7 besitzt. In einer von der Kranturmbasis 2 beabstandeten Höhe weist der Kranturm 1 Koppelelemente 5 auf, die von dem Kranturm 1 abstehen. Jedes Koppelelement 5 weist ein zugehöriges Zugelement 3; 4 auf, das das Koppelelement 5 mit der Kranturmbasis 2 verbindet. Das Zugelement 3; 4 verläuft von seinem Verbindungspunkt mit dem Koppelelement 5 nach unten, im Wesentlichen parallel zur Längsrichtung des Kranturms 1. Alternativ hierzu kann das Zugelement 3; 4 von seinem Verbindungspunkt mit dem Koppelelement 5 aber auch in hier nicht dargestellter Art und Weise schräg bzw. "über Kreuz" zur Kranturmbasis 2 verlaufen. Durch das Verspannen des Zugelements, kann der Kranturm 1 entsprechend höhere Biegekräfte aufnehmen, wodurch eine kleinere Dimensionierung der starren Kranturmelemente bei gleichbleibender Biegefestigkeit möglich ist. Dies führt zu einem einfacheren Transport des Kranaufbaus. 1 shows a crane tower 1 which is attached to a crane tower base 2. The crane tower base 2 has an upper side which faces the crane tower 1 and is at a similar level to the floor 7 surrounding the crane tower base 2 . At a height spaced from the crane tower base 2 , the crane tower 1 has coupling elements 5 that protrude from the crane tower 1 . Each coupling element 5 has an associated tension element 3; 4, which connects the coupling element 5 to the crane tower base 2. The tension element 3; 4 runs downwards from its connection point with the coupling element 5, essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower 1. Alternatively, the tension element 3; 4 from its connection point to the coupling element 5 but also in a manner not shown here obliquely or "crosswise" to the crane tower base 2. By bracing the tension element, the crane tower 1 can absorb correspondingly higher bending forces, as a result of which the rigid crane tower elements can be dimensioned smaller while the bending strength remains the same. This leads to easier transport of the crane assembly.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Kranturm in einer Seitenansicht. Man erkennt mehrere höhenmäßig voneinander beabstandete Koppelelemente 5, 52, 53, die von dem Kranturm 1 abstehen. Die übereinander angeordneten Koppelelemente 5, 52, 53 stehen mit einem jeweils zugehörigen Zugelement 3; 4, 32; 42, 33; 43 in Verbindung. Bei jedem in einer bestimmten Höhe des Kranturms 1 angeordneten Koppelelement 5, 52, 53 kann man deswegen von einer Verspannungsebene sprechen. Nach dieser Ausführungsform wird eine nächsthöhere Verspannungsebene, die bereits eine darunter liegende Verspannungsebene aufweist, mit der darunter liegenden Spannungsebene durch ein Zugelement 4; 3 verbunden. 2 shows a crane tower according to the invention in a side view. A number of coupling elements 5, 52, 53 which are spaced apart from one another in terms of height and protrude from the crane tower 1 can be seen. The superimposed coupling elements 5, 52, 53 are each associated with a tension element 3; 4, 32; 42, 33; 43 in connection. For each coupling element 5, 52, 53 arranged at a specific height of the crane tower 1, one can therefore speak of a bracing level. According to this embodiment, a next higher bracing level, which already has a bracing level below it, is connected to the tension level below by a tension element 4; 3 connected.

Dies bietet insbesondere bei Kranen an, die durch ein Klettern in ihrer Höhe vergrößert werden. Dabei wird in einem ersten Schritt ein Koppelelement 5 über ein Zugelement 3; 4 mit einer Kranturmbasis 2 verbunden. Die am nähesten zum Boden 7 angeordneten Koppelelemente 5 bilden die erste Verspannungsebene. Sollte der Kranturm 1 darüber hinaus weiter an Höhe gewinnen, sodass eine weitere Verspannung des Kranturms 1 sinnvoll ist, bildet die erste Verspannungsebene die Kranturmbasis 22 für die darüber liegende Verspannungsebene. So wird das Koppelelement 52 mit Hilfe eines Zugelements 32; 42 an der Kranturmbasis 22 verbunden. Selbiges gilt für eine zur zweiten Verspannungsebene darüber angeordneten dritten Verspannungsebene, deren Koppelelement 53 über ein entsprechendes Zugelement 33; 43 an eine Kranturmbasis 23 befestigt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, dass die Zugelemente ähnlich wie ein Klettern eines Kranturms 1 in der Höhe mitwachsen.This is particularly useful for cranes that are increased in height by climbing. In a first step, a coupling element 5 is connected via a tension element 3; 4 connected to a crane tower base 2. The coupling elements 5 arranged closest to the floor 7 form the first bracing level. Should the crane tower 1 further increase in height, so that further bracing of the crane tower 1 makes sense, the first bracing level forms the crane tower base 22 for the bracing level above it. Thus, the coupling element 52 with the aid of a pulling element 32; 42 connected to the crane tower base 22. The same applies to a third bracing level which is arranged above the second bracing level and whose coupling element 53 has a corresponding tension element 33; 43 to be attached to a crane tower base 23. This makes it possible for the tension elements to increase in height in a manner similar to climbing a crane tower 1 .

Fig. 3 zeigt einen oben drehenden Turmdrehkran 6 mit einem Kranturm 1 der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Kranturmbasis 2 ist in dieser Ausführungsform ein Fundamentkreuz beziehungsweise ein Unterwagen. Dieses Fundamentkreuz beziehungsweise dieser Unterwagen steht in Verbindung mit einem Zugelement 3; 4, das zu einem Koppelelement 5 reicht. 3 Fig. 1 shows an overhead slewing tower crane 6 with a crane tower 1 of the present invention. In this embodiment, the crane tower base 2 is a cruciform foundation or an undercarriage. This foundation cross or this undercarriage is connected to a tension element 3; 4, which extends to a coupling element 5.

Claims (8)

  1. A crane tower (1) comprising:
    a crane tower base (2), which has a crane tower (1) fixed thereto and from which the crane tower (1) extends upwards,
    at least two coupling elements (5) rigidly connected to the crane tower (1), and
    at least two tension elements (3; 4) for bracing the crane tower (1) on the crane tower base (2), the tension elements (3; 4) in each case having one of their two ends connected to the crane tower base (2) and the respective other end in each case connected to an associated coupling element (5) wherein the tension elements (3; 4) extend outside the crane tower (1),
    wherein the coupling element (5) is a bracket attached to the crane tower (1), an adapter piece to a different type of crane tower or a ball slewing ring support.
  2. The crane tower (1) according to claim 1, wherein the coupling element (5), which is connected to one end of the tension element (3; 4), projects from the crane tower (1), preferably in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1).
  3. The crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tension element (3; 4) extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1).
  4. The crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a second tension element (4), together with a first tension element (3) is located in a common plane that contains the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1) or is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the crane tower (1).
  5. The crane tower (1) according to claim 4, wherein the first tension element (3) and the second tension element (4) are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a mirror plane, and wherein the mirror plane extends preferably through the longitudinal axis of the crane tower (1).
  6. The crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the crane tower base (2) may be a crane foundation, an X-pattern foundation or an undercarriage.
  7. The crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein each tension element comprises a jacketed, high-strength fiber rope, wherein the fiber rope contains preferably aramid fibers.
  8. A rotating tower crane (6) including a crane tower (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotating tower crane is preferably a top-slewing tower crane.
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DE102015003982.2A DE102015003982A1 (en) 2015-03-26 2015-03-26 crane tower
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CN107531464B (en) 2021-06-29
DE102015003982A1 (en) 2016-09-29
EP3274288A1 (en) 2018-01-31
CN107531464A (en) 2018-01-02
US20180044147A1 (en) 2018-02-15
WO2016150570A1 (en) 2016-09-29
US10392233B2 (en) 2019-08-27

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