EP3261894A1

EP3261894A1 - Pneumatic pump device and metering system and sanding system, comprising a jet pump for flowable material

Info

Publication number: EP3261894A1
Application number: EP16720315.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Georg KRISMANIC; Albert Schneider
Original assignee: Knorr-Bremse GmbH; Knorr Bremse AG
Current assignee: Knorr-Bremse GmbH; Knorr Bremse AG
Priority date: 2015-02-26
Filing date: 2016-02-24
Publication date: 2018-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2036-02-24
Also published as: US20180072329A1; CA2977677A1; ES2876035T3; AT516916A3; EP3261894B1; WO2016134397A1; CN107406084A; US10745033B2; PL3261894T3; CA2977677C; AT516916A2; AT516916B1; CN107406084B

Abstract

The invention relates to a pneumatic pump device (100...105) for coupling to a container (2) for flowable material, comprising a jet pump (4) with at least one intake duct (7) extending away from the container (2) and leading into the jet pump (4) and an air supply duct (8) extending away from the container (2) and to which pressure can be applied or which leads to an outer surface of the pneumatic pump device (100...105). The at least one intake duct (7) and the at least one air supply duct (8) have essentially the same orientation in the region of the container (2) and are advantageously inclined relative to the vertical (z) by not more than 40°. The invention further relates to a metering system (110...116) comprising a container (2) and a pneumatic pump device (100...105) coupled thereto. The invention also relates to a use of the pneumatic pump device (100...105) or metering system (110...116) in a sanding system of a rail vehicle (28).

Description

Pneumatic conveyor and dosing system as well as sanding plant with a jet pump for free-flowing material

The invention relates to a pneumatic conveyor device for coupling with a container for flowable goods, which has a contact surface which is intended for contact with the free-flowing material. In addition, the pneumatic conveying device comprises a jet pump with a mixing chamber, a pressurizable and opening into the mixing chamber motive nozzle and with at least one leading away from the contact surface and opening into the mixing chamber suction channel. Furthermore, the pneumatic conveyor comprises at least one leading away from the contact surface and druckbeaufschlagbaren or opening to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor inlet air duct. The at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct form at least one intake opening and at least one supply air opening in the area of the contact area.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a dosing with a container for receiving free-flowing Guts and coupled to said container pneumatic conveyor means of the type mentioned, wherein the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor means points in an interior of the container.

Moreover, the invention relates to an advantageous use of the pneumatic conveyor, in particular in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle, as well as a use of the dosing also in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle. Finally, the invention relates to a sanding plant or a spreader and a rail vehicle as such.

In general, a pneumatic conveyor is used for the transport and portioning or dosing of free-flowing material, such as granules, sand or the like. Their field of application lies in industrial plants but also in sanding systems of rail vehicles, where they are used for the dosing of brake sand. The sand scattered in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle increases its traction during braking and starting. A pneumatic conveying device and a metering device of the above type, in particular in connection with a sanding system of a rail vehicle, are known in principle from the prior art. For example, EP 2 100 788 B1 discloses a pneumatic conveying device which comprises a cylindrical or tower-shaped housing which is arranged in the bottom region of a sand container. The housing includes several radially distributed intake bores and several radially distributed supply air bores. The housing protrudes from below into the sand container, so that said holes come to lie in the container. A disadvantage of the said conveyor, that there are "shadow areas" due to the design, from which the brake sand is not carried away. The container can thus not be completely emptied, which gradually settle in particular fine-grained fractions of the brake sand in the bottom area and clump there. As a result, more and more sand settles on the rough surfaces of the clumps, which ultimately clog the intake openings of the pneumatic conveyor.

In particular, the problem occurs in multiple systems, in which several pneumatic conveyors protrude into the sand tank and thus there is a particularly strong intersections in which the brake sand can settle "good". In addition, there may be a relatively strong mutual influence of the pneumatic conveying devices, in particular when the suction openings are facing each other. When installing the conveyors in the sand tank special precautions must therefore be taken because of the cylindrical shape, so that they are installed in a desired location and not twisted. Another problem with multiple systems is that the pneumatic conveyors can not be installed at the lowest point of the sand container, which further favors unwanted deposits. In addition, the connections for the pressure lines and the transport lines may be inclined, which causes problems when connecting to the pipe network of the rail vehicle, or complicates the installation of the sanding system.

Another disadvantage of the known conveyor is that the total height of the dosing is relatively large due to the mounting of the conveyor below the sand tank, which leads to problems in the limited space of modern rail vehicles. can. In addition, a transport line to the wheels of the rail vehicle usually has to be guided horizontally at least in sections, which requires the use of a 90 ° elbow or bow. The problem with this is that due to the abrasive effect of the brake sand and the high air velocity in the transport line (due to a Laval nozzle installed in the pneumatic conveying device, supersonic speeds can sometimes be achieved!), Such a bend, unless it is particularly reinforced, frayed in a relatively short time, resulting in a time-consuming and costly maintenance of the sanding plant, including the stoppage of the rail vehicle, entails.

Due to the low-lying position of the pneumatic conveyor this can not or only inadequately protected against the weather, making it on the one hand prone to failure, on the other hand also has not too high life expectancy. In addition, the transport lines must usually have rising sections because of the low-lying position, in which the brake sand but can be transported only with difficulty.

An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved pneumatic conveyor device, an improved dosing system, an improved sanding system and an improved rail vehicle. In particular, the above-mentioned problems should be avoided.

The object of the invention is achieved with a pneumatic conveying device of the type mentioned above, in which the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct are oriented substantially the same in the region of the contact surface, the flow directions in the at least one intake duct and in at least one supply air duct during operation the pneumatic conveyor device are aligned antiparallel. In particular, a plurality of intake ducts and a plurality of supply air ducts are oriented substantially the same in the area of the contact surface. The object of the invention is further achieved with a use of the pneumatic conveyor device of the type mentioned for sucking the free-flowing material from said container, wherein the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct are inclined in the region of the contact surface by a maximum of 40 ° relative to the vertical. The object of the invention is also achieved with a metering system comprising a container for receiving free-flowing Guts and coupled to said container pneumatic conveyor device of the type mentioned, wherein the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device has in an interior of the container.

In addition, the object of the invention is achieved by using the pneumatic conveyor device of the type mentioned or a dosing system of the type mentioned in a sanding system of a rail vehicle, being provided as free-flowing good brake sand.

Finally, the object of the invention is also achieved by a sanding system for a rail vehicle with a metering system of the type mentioned as well as by a rail vehicle with such a sanding system.

Advantageously, the overall height of the dosing system is reduced by the measures proposed compared to the measures known from EP 2 100 788 B1, whereby the installation is simplified, for example, in a rail vehicle. Due to the slightly raised position of the pneumatic conveyor this can also be very well protected from the weather, making it on the one hand less susceptible to interference, on the other hand also has a relatively high life expectancy. Rising sections in transport lines can be largely avoided, whereby the transport line works better.

In general, the term "substantially" in the context of the invention in particular means a deviation of +/- 10 ° for angle data or +/- 10% for other data. By "substantially the same orientation" of the at least one intake duct and the at least one supply air duct in the region of the contact surface, it can be understood in particular that each (space) angle

a) between an intake passage and a supply air duct and / or

b) between two intake ports and / or

c) between two supply air ducts

is below 30 ° in the area of the contact surface. The statement that the pneumatic conveyor device is "coupled" to the container means a direct connection of the pneumatic conveyor device to the container or an indirect, for example via an intermediate adapter. The statement that the contact surface of the pneumatic conveying device "points into an interior of the container" can therefore also mean, mutatis mutandis, that the contact surface "into an interior of an adapter" has. In general, the demarcation between container, adapter and pneumatic conveyor is arbitrary. In principle, the adapter can be regarded as an independent component, belonging to the container or belonging to the pneumatic conveyor. In particular, the function of the adapter can be integrated into the pneumatic conveying device.

Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the description in conjunction with the figures. It is favorable if the contact surface is flat. This makes it possible to produce the pneumatic conveyor with simple technical means.

But it is also favorable if the contact surface is curved concave or convex. As a result, the intake openings and the supply air openings are arranged slightly offset from each other in the depth, whereby the flow conditions in the container can be further optimized.

It is particularly advantageous if the at least one supply air opening has a smaller cross-section than the at least one intake opening. Under unfavorable conditions, it can lead to a clogging of the transport line and thus to a reversal of the flow conditions. The pneumatic conveying device supplied compressed air can then no longer escape via the transport line, but is instead blown contrary to the intended direction of flow through the intake ducts in the container for the flowable Good and subsequently contrary to the planned flow direction through the supply air ducts. The entrained material can subsequently lead to blockages of the supply air ducts and thus to increased maintenance costs. If the supply air openings are made smaller than the intake opening, this disadvantageous effect can be avoided or at least reduced. It is advantageous if the pneumatic conveyor device has a plurality of intake ports arranged on the contact surface along a first straight line and a plurality of supply air ducts arranged on the contact surface along a second straight line parallel to the first straight line. In this context, it is also advantageous if the first straight line and the second straight line are aligned substantially horizontally when using the pneumatic conveyor device. As a result, the pneumatic conveyor on the one hand comparatively easy to produce, on the other hand, this also results in favorable flow conditions in the container. The free-flowing material is dug down by the supply air openings lying on a straight line, as it were "on a wide front" and transported to the suction openings.

It is advantageous if the pneumatic sand conveyor device has a Laval nozzle downstream of the mixing chamber in the conveying direction of the flowable product. In this way, the flow rate in the transport line can be increased, possibly even at supersonic speed.

It is advantageous if a jet direction of the motive nozzle is aligned horizontally or has a horizontal component. In this way, a horizontally guided transport line, as occurs especially in sanding systems of rail vehicles, directly, that is, without bow or manifold, are connected to the pneumatic conveyor. Defects and downtimes due to a frayed pipe bend can thus be avoided.

It is also particularly advantageous if a straight section of the at least one intake duct beginning at the contact surface leads further away from the contact surface than a straight section of the at least one supply air duct starting at the contact surface. In this way, the motive nozzle and the subsequent pneumatic system is further away from the contact surface, or arranged in a different plane, as the supply air ducts. The constructive freedom in the alignment of the motive nozzle and as a result of the connection for the transport line is therefore particularly great, since there is little or no spatial overlapping of the suction system and of the supply air or secondary air system. It is also favorable if a supply air opening closest to an intake opening is arranged above the said intake opening when the pneumatic conveying device is used. As a result, a discharge of the free-flowing Guts and a complete emptying of the container are supported because free-flowing material is blown with the help of the supply air / false air and gravity to the intake ports.

It is also particularly advantageous if a straight section of the at least one intake duct starting at the contact surface and a straight section of the at least one supply air duct starting from the contact surface are inclined towards one another from the pneumatic conveyor device in the direction of the container. In particular, a straight section of the at least one intake duct beginning at the contact surface and a straight section of the at least one supply air duct starting at the contact surface may form an angle which opens away from the container in the direction of the pneumatic conveyor device. In particular, an axis of the said straight section of the intake duct and an axis of said straight section of the supply air duct may also have a

Have intersection within the container or adapter. Through these measures, a removal of the flowable Guts from the container / adapter and its complete emptying favors. This is because the air stream leaving the at least one supply air duct blows the free-flowing material toward the at least one intake opening. This is not the case with prior art arrangements. For example, the supply air openings in EP 2 100 788 B1 are tangential and thus not aligned with the intake openings, whereby the sand is blown away from the intake openings by the air flowing out of the supply air openings. In addition, it is favorable if the contact surface of the pneumatic conveying device is vertically aligned when using the same. As a result, deposits in the region of the intake and supply air openings are avoided. But it is also advantageous if the contact surface is inclined slightly inclined to the vertical and overhanging. In this way, deposits in the area of the intake openings and Zuluftöffnun- conditions can be prevented even better.

Moreover, it is particularly advantageous if the pneumatic conveyor device is arranged entirely outside of said container. In this way, fertilize avoided inside the container, that is, the container is inside largely smooth, since the pneumatic conveyor device does not protrude into the container. Therefore, there are no "shadow areas" from which the brake sand is not carried away, but it is possible to empty the container completely. Deposits and clumping of the free-flowing material and concomitant long-term impending blockages of the intake openings can thus be avoided.

It is also favorable if the container tapers towards the contact surface of the pneumatic conveyor device. Also, this promotes complete emptying of the container, thereby preventing deposits and the associated negative effects.

It is also advantageous if the tapered part of the container is formed at least in the end by an adapter. As a result, pneumatic conveyors of different types and / or different numbers of pneumatic conveyors can be coupled to the container for the free-flowing material in a simple manner. In this context, it is also advantageous if a modular system has a metering system and at least two adapters of different types. It is also advantageous if the dosing has a blower, which comprises blow-out, which are arranged in the conveying direction of the flowable good behind the mixing chamber and optionally behind a Laval nozzle, are aligned obliquely to the conveying direction of the flowable Good and have in said conveying direction. In this way, a transport line can be cleaned or trickled free-flowing material can be removed. The pressure is preferably adjusted so that the free-flowing material is just not sucked in via the intake ports. The blow-out device can be designed as a separate part, which is connected as needed to the pneumatic conveyor, or be directly part of the pneumatic conveyor. It is also conceivable that a blow-out device is arranged in the further course of the transport line. In general, it is also conceivable that the pressure applied to the motive nozzle for the blowing out of a transport line is lowered so far that no free-flowing material is sucked in via the intake channels. This measure can be provided in addition to or as an alternative to the blow-out device. It is also favorable if the dosing system has a heater and / or at least one hot air duct, which opens into a (storage) room for the flowable good. For example, the heating can be formed by an electric heating element. In particular, provision can be made for compressed air to be passed over the heating element where it is heated and dried and then blown into a space for the flowable good via a hot air duct or several hot air ducts in order to heat and dry the free-flowing material. As a result, a clumping of the free-flowing property can be prevented. The heater or the at least one hot air duct can be arranged in the above-mentioned adapter, in a heating flange which is arranged between the pneumatic conveying device and the adapter, or also directly in the pneumatic conveying device itself.

It is also favorable if a dosing system has a plurality of pneumatic conveyor devices coupled to a container. As a result, the material sucked out of the container can be fed into different pipe systems, which in particular can be activated differently. Due to the proposed construction, the pneumatic conveyor means affect each other not or only slightly, and it is also possible to arrange all pneumatic conveyor devices at the lowest point of the container for the flowable good. As a result, the container can be completely emptied with virtually any of the pneumatic conveyor devices.

It is favorable in the above context further, if at least two pneumatic conveyor devices of different types. In this way, the type of piping systems to be supplied or a different need for conveying power can be taken into account. In particular, the ports for the transport lines and / or the pressure lines may face in different directions, for example, to simplify the installation of the dosing into an existing pipe system and in particular to reduce the use of pipe bends as far as possible. It is advantageous if the distance between a suction opening and the nearest supply air opening is a maximum of 30 mm. Due to the spatial proximity of the supply air openings and the intake openings, the discharged mass flow is practically independent of the filling height in the sand container. In addition, the evacuation of the air flow also promotes removal of the brake sand and complete emptying of the sand container.

For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

In each case, in a highly simplified, schematic representation:

Fig. 1 shows a first schematically illustrated example of a dosing with a first

Type of pneumatic conveyor;

2 shows a section through the pneumatic conveyor of Figure 1 in the bottom region of the container for the free-flowing material ..;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the pneumatic conveyor of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 as in Figure 3, only without invisible shown air duct inside the pneumatic conveyor.

5 is a side view of a pneumatic conveyor with horizontally aligned connection for a transport line.

6 is a side view of a pneumatic conveyor with obliquely aligned connection for a transport line.

7 shows a section through a further type of pneumatic conveying device with differently oriented intake ducts and supply air ducts;

Fig. 8 is a side view of the pneumatic conveyor of Fig. 7;

9 shows a metering system with an attached blow-out device;

10 shows a metering system with a heatable adapter; 11 shows the adapter of Figure 10 in section.

FIG. 12 shows a metering system with a somewhat differently designed, heatable adapter; FIG. 13 shows a metering system with a heated heating flange; FIG. 14 shows the heating flange from FIG. 13 in section; FIG.

Fig. 15 is a schematically illustrated example of a metering system with two pneumatic conveyors and

16 shows a schematically illustrated example of a sanding installation in a rail vehicle.

By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and to transmit mutatis mutandis to the new situation in a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the illustrated and described different embodiments may represent for themselves, inventive or inventive solutions.

A first example of a pneumatic conveying device 101 will be explained with reference to Figures 1 to 3, wherein Fig. 1 is a schematic overview image, Fig. 2 is a detailed sectional view of coupled to a container 2 pneumatic conveyor 101 and Fig. 3 is a side view represents the pneumatic conveyor 101. The container 2 is provided for receiving free-flowing Guts. For better orientation, an xyz coordinate system is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, as well as in most of the following figures. The pneumatic conveyor device 101 comprises a contact surface 3, which is intended for contact with the free-flowing material, and a jet pump 4 with a mixing chamber 5, a druckbeauf beatable and opening into the mixing chamber 5 motive nozzle 6 and at least one of the contact surface 3 leading away and in In addition, the pneumatic conveyor 101 comprises at least one leading away from the contact surface 3 and opening to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 supply air duct 8. In the concrete example shown, two intake ducts 7 and five supply air ducts 8 are provided. However, these numbers are purely illustrative, and it can also be a different number of intake ports 7 and air supply channels 8 may be provided (see Fig. 8). In principle, the intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8 can have any desired cross section, but it is advantageous if these are designed as bores or with an oblong (oval) cross section. The intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 are oriented identically in the area of the contact surface 3, the flow directions in the intake ducts 7 and in the supply air ducts 8 being aligned in antiparallel during operation of the pneumatic conveyor apparatus 101. In addition, the intake ducts 7and and the supply air ducts 8 in the area of the contact surface 3 form at least intake openings 9 and supply air openings 10. In Fig. 3, the air guide in the interior of the pneumatic conveyor 101 is partially shown. However, part of the mixing chamber 5 and the motive nozzle 6 are not shown for the sake of clarity. With regard to the cutting guide for the illustration in FIG. 2, it should also be noted that both an intake passage 7 and a supply air passage 8 are shown lying in the sectional plane in order to facilitate the understanding of the function of the pneumatic conveying device 101.

The pneumatic conveyor device 101 and the container 2 together form a metering system 111, wherein the coupling of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 to the container 2 in the concrete example shown via an optional adapter 121, which is thus also part of the dosing 111. In principle, however, the pneumatic conveyor device 101 can also be connected directly to container 2, or the adapter 121 can also be understood as part of the container 2. The function of the arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is as follows, assuming that the container 2 is filled with free-flowing material:

Via a compressed air connection 13 compressed air is injected into the pneumatic conveyor device 101. The pressure can be adjusted via the pressure adjustment screw 14 in this example. It is also conceivable, for example, the use of a pressure reducer. The compressed air then flows via the motive nozzle 6 into the mixing chamber 5, whereby free-flowing material is sucked out of the container 2 or the adapter 121 via the intake channels 7 due to the Venturi effect or the negative pressure forming in the mixing chamber 5 in a manner known per se. This material is conveyed down via a transport line 16 via an optional Laval nozzle 15, which increases the flow rate. Via the supply air ducts 8, a pressure equalization can take place, that is to say the air sucked through the intake ducts 7 flows via the supply air ducts 8. The flow direction of the air is indicated in FIG. 2 by arrows.

In the example mentioned, the supply air ducts 8 lead to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 and open there into an environment of the conveyor 101. That is, via the supply air ducts 8 ambient air or false air is sucked. But this is not necessarily the case. Rather, it is also conceivable that the supply air ducts 8 are instead connected to a compressed air system and, accordingly, air from this compressed air system is fed to the supply air ducts 8. Advantageously, for example, an undesired penetration of water, water vapor / humidity, foreign bodies and / or animals into the container 2 can be prevented, since the air sucked in by a compressor and fed into the compressed air system is generally filtered and dried.

To achieve a suitable pressure, in particular, a pressure reducer may be provided in front of the supply air ducts 8. The air supplied to said pressure reducer can come directly from the compressed air system or can also be branched off behind the pressure setting screw 14 or behind a pressure reducer provided for the motive nozzle 6. The pressure for the supply air ducts 8 may be independent of the intended for the motive nozzle 6 pressure or be dependent on this. In particular, the pressure for the supply air ducts 8 can also be constant. It is advantageous, in particular, when an air source is connected to the supply air ducts 8 and the pressure applied to the supply air ducts 8 Thus, it is largely independent of the volume flow flowing through the supply air ducts 8. It can also be advantageous that the pressure for the supply air ducts 8 in a lower pressure range is proportional to the pressure for the drive nozzle 6, but is limited to a maximum pressure. This can be realized, for example, with a check valve or by-pass valve.

At this point it is also noted that the supply air ducts 8 can be supplied partly by the ambient air and partly by compressed air. From Fig. 2 it is now apparent that starting at the contact surface 3 straight portions of the intake ducts 7 further away from the contact surface 3 as starting at the contact surface 3 straight sections of Zuluftkanäle 8. Specifically, the said straight sections of Zuluftkanäle 8 only lead up to a distance a away from the contact surface 3, whereas the intake ducts 7 lead away from the contact surface 3 up to a distance b. This means that the motive nozzle 6 is arranged in a different (here from the contact surface 3 farther away) level than the supply air ducts 8. In this advantageous variant of the pneumatic conveyor 101, the jet pump 4, the optional Laval nozzle 15 and the transport line 16 practically be arranged in any spatial direction. In particular, it can be rotated about an axis standing normally on the contact surface 3 (see also FIGS. 5 and 6). As a result, the transport line 16 can be oriented practically in any desired direction and the pneumatic conveyor 101 can be easily adapted to various installation situations without a manifold or elbow being necessary in the transport line near the pneumatic conveyor 101, as is often the case with known solutions. As a result, it is possible to avoid a defect which is based on such an internally frayed elbow.

In the illustrated variant of the pneumatic conveyor 101, the axis of the motive nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 do not intersect each other. This is advantageous but not mandatory. It would of course also be conceivable that the axis of the motive nozzle 6 and the axis of the container 2 intersect each other.

From Fig. 2 is further seen that the flat contact surface 3 is vertically aligned here. In this way, deposits in the region of the intake openings 9 and Supply air openings 10 are avoided. In principle, however, the contact surface 3 could also be inclined relative to the vertical, in particular overhanging to the right. In this way, deposits in the region of the intake openings 9 and supply air openings 10 can be avoided particularly well.

In addition, it can be seen that the supply air openings 10 are arranged above the intake openings 9 in this advantageous embodiment. As a result, a discharge of the free-flowing Guts and a complete emptying of the container 2 and the adapter 121 is supported because free-flowing material is blown to the intake 9 with the help of the supply air / false air.

In addition, it is advantageous if an inlet air opening 10 -as shown in FIG. 3 -is smaller in cross-section than an intake opening 9. In this way it is prevented that the flow conditions are reversed, as in the case of a blockage can pass through the transport line 16, free-flowing material is introduced into the supply air ducts 8. In this operating state, the compressed air blown in via the compressed air connection 13 can not be discharged via the transport line 16, as is actually provided, but is blown into the container 2 opposite the flow direction shown in FIG. 2 via the intake ducts 7 and discharged via the supply air ducts 8. Inappropriate interpretation of the supply air ducts 8, these can clog, which in addition to the maintenance of the transport line 16, a maintenance of the pneumatic conveyor 101 pulls.

It is also advantageous if a plurality of intake ports 9 of a plurality of intake ports 7 are arranged on the contact surface 3 along a first straight line A and a plurality of Zuluftöffnun- gene 10 more Zuluftkanäle 8 are arranged on the contact surface 3 along a second straight line B parallel to the first straight line, so as shown in Fig. 4. In FIG. 4, which corresponds to FIG. 3, but does not show the concealed air duct, even all intake openings 9 are arranged on a first straight line A and all supply air openings 10 are arranged on a second straight line B. The first straight line A and the second straight line B are aligned substantially horizontally. As a result, the production of the pneumatic conveyor can be simplified, without compromising the emptying of the container 2 would have to be made. A further feature of the advantageous embodiment of the pneumatic conveying device 101 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is that it is arranged entirely outside the container 2 or the adapter 121. This also favors a complete emptying of the container 2 and the adapter 121, and a deposition of free-flowing Guts, which can lead to clumping and clogging of the system in the worst case, is prevented.

Another advantageous, the complete emptying favors, feature is that the container 2 to the contact surface 3 of the pneumatic conveyor device 1 tapers point, the tapered portion in the end of the container 2 - as shown - may also be formed by an adapter 121 , In particular, it is advantageous if the container 2 or the adapter 121, as shown, run asymmetrically towards the contact surface 3. 5 now shows a side view of a pneumatic conveyor 102, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveyor 101. In contrast, the jet direction of the motive nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16, however, is aligned horizontally. Thus, the free-flowing material can also be removed horizontally, without the need for a bend or bow in the course of the same would have to be installed.

6 shows a side view of a further pneumatic conveying device 103, which is very similar to the pneumatic conveying devices 101 and 102. In contrast, the jet direction of the motive nozzle 6 and thus also the transport line 16 is aligned obliquely. That is, the jet direction of the blowing nozzle 6 has a horizontal component. Thus, the free-flowing material can be transported away in an oblique direction, without the need for a bend or bow in the course of the same would have to be installed.

Figures 7 and 8 show a further advantageous design of a pneumatic conveyor 104, which is also very similar to the pneumatic conveyor 101 of Figures 1 to 4. It can be seen from FIG. 7 (and also from FIG. 2) that intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 are inclined in the area of the contact surface 3 with respect to the vertical z. In the concrete example, the supply air ducts 8 are inclined by the angle α and the intake ducts 7 by the angle α + β with respect to the vertical. That is, the supply air ducts 8 are slightly steeper inclined than the suction channels 7, which favors a complete emptying of the container 2, and the adapter 121, even further.

In concrete terms, a straight section of a suction channel 7 beginning at the contact surface 3 and a straight section of a supply air channel 8 beginning at the contact surface 3 are inclined away from the pneumatic conveyor device 100..105 in the direction of the container 2. Specifically, the two mentioned straight sections include the angle β, which opens from the container 2 in the direction of the pneumatic conveyor means 104 out, and the axes of the two said straight sections have an intersection in the container 2 and in the adapter 121st

In contrast, the intake ports 7 and the supply air ducts 8 of the pneumatic conveyor device 101 shown in FIG. 2 are inclined by the same angle α + β with respect to the vertical, that is to say they are aligned parallel to one another in the projection on the xz plane. However, it is pointed out that the supply air ducts 8 in the pneumatic conveying device 101 of FIG. 2 can also be different and, in particular, more inclined than the intake ducts 7.

With regard to the cutting guide for the illustration in FIG. 7, it is again to be noted that both an intake passage 7 and a supply air passage 8 are shown lying in the sectional plane.

It is now generally advantageous if every angle

a) between an intake passage 7 and a supply air duct 8 and / or

b) between two intake ports 7 and / or

c) between two supply air ducts 8

in the region of the contact surface 3 is less than 30 °. In this way, the intake ports 7 and the supply air channels 8 are aligned substantially parallel, and it forms an advantageous flow in the container 2 and in the adapter 121 from. The above-mentioned angle is to be understood as a solid angle. For example, the angle between two intake ports 7 in the xz plane is 0 °, whereas the angle in the yz plane is 2γ. In FIG. 8, the direction of the right intake channel 7 is shown. The solid angle between the intake ducts 7 is demzu- follow a maximum of 2γ. The supply air ducts 8 are assumed to be parallel in the example shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The solid angle between them is therefore 0 °. Between the middle intake duct 7 and a supply air duct 8, a solid angle β results, between a lateral intake duct 7 and a supply air duct 8 an angle composed of the angles β and γ. Advantageously, the mentioned solid angles (all) should be below 30 °.

Due to the upwardly leading intake ducts 7 and supply air ducts 8, unintentional trickling out of the free-flowing material from the container is generally avoided. A separate potential threshold for the flowable good can therefore be avoided.

In the pneumatic conveyor device 1 shown so far, the contact surface 3 is flat. This is not mandatory. In further variants, the contact surface 3 may also be concave (see the dotted line C in FIG. 7) or convexly curved (see the dotted line D). The curvature can be both cylindrical and spherical.

Another difference between the pneumatic conveying device 104 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and the pneumatic conveying device 101 is that the supply air duct 8 is guided beyond the plane provided in FIG. 2. Although the straight sections of the supply air ducts 8 leading away from the contact surface 3 still only extend as far as the distance a, a manifold of the supply air system exceeds this distance a and is guided to behind the mixing chamber 5. This restricts the design freedom in the location of the motive nozzle 6 somewhat, but since it is only a (single) channel penetrating the plane of the motive nozzle (that is, beyond the distance b), and not all Zuluftkanäle 8, the effects are manageable. Of course, said channel can of course be performed slightly differently, especially if it requires the position and location of the motive nozzle 6. Finally, the suction openings 9 and the supply air openings 10 in FIG. 8 are not arranged on two straight lines A and B but rather in an arc shape. For example, a variant would also be conceivable in which the intake openings 9 and supply air openings 10 are arranged alternately at the same height. FIG. 9 shows a dosing system 112, which is very similar to the dosing system 111 shown in FIG. In contrast, a blow-out device 17 is provided which comprises a compressed-air connection 18, an annular channel 19 and a plurality of blow-out channels 20, which are aligned obliquely to a conveying direction in the Laval nozzle 15 or in the transport line 16 and point in said conveying direction. Air can be blown into the transport line 16 via the compressed air connection 18, without necessarily free-flowing material being sucked in via the intake channels 7. In this way, the transport line 16 can be cleaned or free-flowing flowing goods are transported away. The pressure at the compressed air connection 18 is preferably adjusted so that the free-flowing material is just not sucked in via the intake ducts 7.

In general, the Ausblaseeinrichtung 17 may be designed as a separate part, which is connected as needed to the pneumatic conveyor 101, or directly be part of the pneumatic conveyor 101. Of course, it is also conceivable that the (or a further) blow-out device 17 is arranged in the further course of the transport line 16. It is also conceivable that the pressure at the compressed air connection 13 for blowing out the transport line 16 is lowered so far that no free-flowing material is sucked in via the intake ducts 7. This measure can be provided additionally or alternatively to the blow-out device 17.

FIG. 10 shows a further dosing system 113, which is very similar to the dosing system 111 shown in FIG. 2. In contrast, the adapter 122, which is shown in section 11 in FIG. 11, now has a bore 21, in which a heating rod 22 is arranged. Into the bore 21 blown air sweeps over the heating element 22, is heated and dried and passes through the hot air ducts 23 into the interior of the adapter 122, whereby the free-flowing material therein is heated and dried. The heating element 22 is designed in the illustrated example as an electrical heating element, which is connected via the connecting wires 24 to a power supply. Of course, a heating can also be done differently, for example with hot water. By the heating element 22, not only the passing air is heated, but also the adapter 122 as such. The injection of air into the bore 21 is advantageous, but not essential. It is also conceivable that only the adapter 122 is heated. The adapter 122 has in the example shown play five out of the bore 21 outgoing hot air ducts 23. It is conceivable, of course, any other number of hot air ducts 23rd

FIG. 12 now shows another example of a metering system 114, which is very similar to the metering system 113 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. In contrast, however, the adapter 123 has an overhead bore 21 with a heating rod 22 disposed therein. The statements made in connection with those in FIGS. 10 and 11 also apply mutatis mutandis to FIG. 12.

FIG. 13 shows a further dosing system 115, which is very similar to the dosing system 111 shown in FIG. In contrast, a Heizflansch 25 is now provided, which is shown in FIG. 14 in section FF. The heating flange 25 has, like the adapters 122 and 123 from FIGS. 10 to 12, a bore 21 in which a heating rod 22 is arranged. In the bore 26 blown air sweeps over the heating element 22, is heated and dried and enters via the hot air duct 23 into the interior of the Heizflanschs 25, whereby the free-flowing material therein is heated and dried. To ensure that the heated air exits via the hot air duct 23, the bore 21 is closed with a plug 27.

In the illustrated example, the heating element 22 is again designed as an electrical heating element, which is connected to a power supply via the connection wires 24.

Of course, a heating can also be done differently, for example with hot water. By the heating element 22, not only the passing air is heated, but also the heating flange 25 as such. The injection of air into the bore 26 is advantageous, but not essential. It is also conceivable that only the heating flange 25 is heated. The heating flange 25 has in the example shown a outgoing from the bore 21 hot air duct 23. It is conceivable, of course, any other number of hot air ducts 23rd

In the examples shown, the hot air ducts 23 at their ends each obliquely downward in the filled by pourable material volumes, so that the free-flowing material can not penetrate into the hot air ducts 23. It is conceivable that a hot air duct 23 is protected instead of or in addition with a filter element against ingress of free-flowing material. For example, such a filter element in the course of the hot air duct 23rd be arranged. A filter element against the ingress of free-flowing material is also conceivable for the supply air ducts 8 and can also be arranged in the course thereof.

In general, the Heizflansch 25 may be designed as a separate part, which is connected as needed to the pneumatic conveyor 101 and to the adapter 121, or the Heizflansch 25 may also be directly part of the pneumatic conveyor 101 or part of the adapter 121. The pneumatic conveyor 101, the heating flange 25 and the adapter 121 (and also the container 2) can also be embodied in one part. It should also be noted at this point that the blow-out device 17, the adapters 122, 123 and the heating flange 25 can form the basis for inventions independent of claim 1.

FIG. 15 now shows a further embodiment variant of a dosing system 116, which is very similar to the dosing system 111 shown in FIG. In contrast, but not an adapter 121..123, but an adapter 124 is installed, are connected to the two pneumatic conveyor devices 101, 105. In this way, two different transport lines 16 can be used for the removal of the flowable Guts. In particular, the pneumatic conveying devices 101, 105 may have different designs and, for example, differently oriented motive nozzles 6 or transport lines 16 (compare FIGS. 3 to 6). Of course, the differences in design may also relate to other aspects, such as the arrangement of the intake and supply holes 10 (see FIGS. 3 and 8). With the help of several adapters 121..124 a modular system for dosing systems 110..116 can be set up.

In general, the presented pneumatic conveyor devices 101..105 or metering systems 110..116 can be used in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle, wherein as a free-flowing material brake sand is provided. For this purpose, a schematic example of a rail vehicle 28 is shown in FIG. 16

The sanding plant comprises a metering system 110, a compressor or compressor 29, two valves 30, a controller 31, and two downcomers 32. Sor 29, which is often present anyway in a rail vehicle 28, is connected via compressed air lines to the two pneumatic conveyors 100, each conveyor 100 is preceded by a controllable valve 30. The controllable valves 30 are connected via control lines to the controller 31. The two transport lines 16 in turn lead to the two downpipes 32, which are arranged in the region of the wheels of the rail vehicle 28. In the specific example, the rail vehicle 28 comprises a single sanding plant, in principle, of course, several sanding plants could be provided. When braking, the controller 20 causes an activation of the compressor 29 (unless the compressor 29 is already running) and an opening of one of the two valves 30. As a result, brake sand is transported from the container 2 to the downpipe 32 and falls from there in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle 28th to increase traction when braking and when starting. Depending on the direction of travel of the rail vehicle 28, the left or right valve 30 is actuated.

In general, an inclination angle of the intake ducts 7 and the supply air ducts 8 with respect to the vertical of a maximum of 40 ° has been found for free-flowing goods in general and for brake sand in particular (see also the angles α or α + β in FIG. 7). This avoids unwanted trickling out of the free-flowing material / brake sand. Moreover, it is particularly advantageous for brake sand when the distance c between a suction opening 9 and the nearest inlet air opening 10 is at most 30 mm (see FIG. 4). This results in particularly advantageous flow conditions in the container 2 respectively in the adapter 121..124 and consequently a good emptying of the container 2. The embodiments show possible embodiments of a pneumatic conveyor 100.105 according to the invention, a dosing system 110..116 according to the invention or an inventive Sandungsanlage and a rail vehicle according to the invention 28, wherein it should be noted at this point that the invention is not limited to the specifically illustrated embodiments of the same, but also various combinations of the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the teaching of technical action by representational invention in the knowledge of the person working in this technical field. So there are also all conceivable variants which can be combined by combinations. individual details of the illustrated and described embodiments are possible, includes the scope of protection.

In particular, it should be noted that although a portion of the embodiments are directed to an application of the pneumatic conveyor 100..105 or the metering system 1 10..116 in a sanding system of a rail vehicle 28, the pneumatic conveyor 100..105 or the metering 110th ..116 can of course also be used in other technical fields, for example in industrial and / or chemical plants for conveying or metering of substances to be processed.

In particular, it is noted that the illustrated devices may in reality also comprise more or fewer components than shown. For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the construction of the pneumatic conveying device 100..105, the dosing system 110..116 of the sanding plant and of the rail vehicle 28 this / this or its / its components partly unstandstäblich and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size. The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.

REFERENCE NUMBERS

100..105 pneumatic conveyor

Container for free-flowing goods

3 contact surface

jet pump

5 mixing chamber

6 motive nozzle

7 intake channel

8 supply air duct / false air duct

9 intake opening

10 supply air opening

110..116 dosing system

121, 124 adapter

13 compressed air connection

14 pressure adjustment screw

15 Laval nozzle

16 transport line

17 Blow-out device

18 compressed air connection

19 ring channel

20 blow-out channel

21 hole

22 heating rod

23 hot air duct

24 connecting wire

25 heating flange

26 hole

27 plugs

28 rail vehicle

29 compressor / compressor

30 valve

31 control

32 downpipe a Distance supply air duct / contact surface b Distance between intake duct / contact surface c Distance between intake opening / supply air opening x, y, z Room directions

A Straight for suction openings

B Especially for supply air openings

C concave contact surface

D convex contact surface α inclination angle supply air duct ß angle intake duct / supply air duct γ inclination angle intake duct

Claims

Patent claims

1. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) for coupling with a container (2) for flowable goods, comprising

- A contact surface (3), which is intended for contact with the flowable Good, a jet pump (4) with a mixing chamber (5), a pressurizable and in the mixing chamber (5) opening the motive nozzle (6) and at least one of the contact - surface (3) leading away and into the mixing chamber (5) opening into the intake duct (7), and at least one of the contact surface (3) leading away and pressurizable or to an outer surface of the pneumatic conveyor means (100..105) opening outgoing air duct (8), in which

the at least one intake duct (7) and the at least one supply air duct (8) form at least one intake opening (9) and at least one supply air opening (10) in the region of the contact surface (3),

characterized in that

the at least one intake duct (7) and the at least one supply air duct (8) are oriented substantially identically in the region of the contact surface (3), the flow directions in the at least one intake duct (7) and in the at least one supply air duct (8) during operation of the pneumatic Conveyor (100..105) are aligned anti-parallel.

2. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 1, characterized in that each angle

a) between an intake passage (7) and a supply air duct (8) and / or

b) between two intake ports (7) and / or

c) between two supply air ducts (8)

in the area of the contact surface (3) is less than 30 °.

3. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contact surface (3) is flat.

4. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the contact surface (3) is concave or convex curved.

5. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one supply air opening (10) is smaller in cross-section than the at least one suction opening (9).

6. pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by a plurality of on the contact surface (3) along a first straight line (A) arranged suction ports (9) of a plurality of intake ports (7) and more on the contact surface (3) along a first straight line (A) parallel to the second straight line (B) arranged inlet air openings (10) of a plurality of supply air ducts (8).

7. Pneumatic sand conveyor device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by one of the mixing chamber (5) downstream in the conveying direction of the flowable Guts Laval nozzle (15).

8. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a jet direction of the motive nozzle (6) is aligned horizontally or has a horizontal component.

9. pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on the contact surface (3) beginning straight portion of the at least one intake duct (7) further away from the contact surface (3) leads away as a the contact surface (3) beginning straight section of the at least one supply air duct (8).

10. Pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that on the contact surface (3) beginning straight portion of the at least one intake duct (7) and on the contact surface (3) beginning straight section of the at least one supply air duct (8) of the pneumatic conveyor means (100..105) in the direction of the container (2) are inclined towards each other.

11 Use of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of

Claims 1 to 10 for sucking the flowable material from said container (2), characterized in that the at least one suction channel (7) and the at least one Supply air duct (8) in the region of the contact surface (3) by a maximum of 40 ° relative to the vertical (z) are inclined.

12. Use according to claim 11, characterized in that one of a Ansaug- göffnung (9) nearest supply air opening (10) above the said intake opening (9) is arranged.

13. Use according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) is aligned vertically according to claim 3.

14. Use according to claim 13, characterized in that the first straight line (A) and the second straight line (B) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to claim 6 are aligned substantially horizontally.

15. dosing system (110..116), comprising a container (2) for receiving free-flowing Guts, characterized by a with the said container (2) coupled pneumatic conveyor means (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the Contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) in an interior of the container (2) has.

16. dosing (110..116) according to claim 15, characterized in that the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) is arranged entirely outside of said container (2).

17. dosing (110..116) according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the container (2) to the contact surface (3) of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) tapers towards point.

18. dosing system (110.116) according to claim 17, characterized in that the pointed part is formed at least in the end region by an adapter (121..124).

19. Dosing system (110..116) according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized by a blow-out device (17) with blow-out channels (20) which are arranged downstream of the mixing chamber (5) and optionally behind a Laval nozzle (15) in the conveying direction of the flowable product. are arranged, are aligned obliquely to the conveying direction of the flowable good and in the said F rirder Wei wei.

20. Dosing (110..116) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized by a heater (22) and / or at least one hot air duct (23), which opens into a space for the flowable good.

21. Dosing (110..116) according to one of claims 15 to 20, characterized by a plurality of a container (2) connected pneumatic conveyor means (101, 102).

22. dosing system (110..116) according to claim 21, characterized in that at least two pneumatic conveyor means (101, 102) of different types.

23. Modular system, comprising a dosing (110..116) according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized by at least two adapters (121..124) of different types.

24. Use of the pneumatic conveyor device (100..105) according to one of claims 1 to 10 or a dosing (110..116) according to one of claims 15 to 22 in a sanding system of a rail vehicle (28), characterized in that as free-flowing Good brake sand is provided.

25. Sanding installation for a rail vehicle (28), characterized by a metering system (110..116) according to one of claims 15 to 22.

26. Sanding installation according to claim 25, characterized in that the distance (c) between a suction opening (9) and the nearest inlet air opening (10) is a maximum of 30 mm.

27. Rail vehicle (28), characterized by a sanding system according to one of claims 25 to 26.