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EP3253493B1 - Dispositif de broyage pour récupération de matières secondaires d'un matériau mis au rebut et procédé de commande dudit dispositif - Google Patents

Dispositif de broyage pour récupération de matières secondaires d'un matériau mis au rebut et procédé de commande dudit dispositif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3253493B1
EP3253493B1 EP16703096.4A EP16703096A EP3253493B1 EP 3253493 B1 EP3253493 B1 EP 3253493B1 EP 16703096 A EP16703096 A EP 16703096A EP 3253493 B1 EP3253493 B1 EP 3253493B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
wall
grinding
stage
volume flow
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16703096.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3253493A1 (fr
Inventor
Jochen KAMM
Holger SENK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
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Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
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Publication of EP3253493A1 publication Critical patent/EP3253493A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/282—Shape or inner surface of mill-housings
    • B02C13/284—Built-in screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/288—Ventilating, or influencing air circulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crushing apparatus for recovering secondary raw materials from discarded material, and to a method of controlling such a crushing apparatus.
  • Secondary raw materials are usually understood to mean raw materials that are obtained by processing (recycling) waste material. They serve as starting materials for new products and thus differ from the primary (natural) raw material. In the context of the present invention, therefore, these are, in particular, those substances which are used for the second or repeated time in a cascade or multiple use within the framework of the raw material economy. The use of secondary raw materials saves natural resources and contributes to sustainable development.
  • material disposed of may, in particular, be material composites, as occur, for example, in the recycling treatment of electrical and electronic devices or assemblies, or non-recycled mono- or mixed materials of ferrous metals Iron metals, fiber composite or other plastics and / or wood and / or Halmfr hopeen such as old or recycled wood, debarked logs, Kappholz technicallye- or other wood residues such as chips in particular to waste paper or straw, as well as material fractions from upstream other Coarse shredding processes in the recycling industry or slag from incineration processes.
  • the EP 1 536 892 B1 the EP 1 721 674 B1 or the WO 2010/057604 A1 each comprising a first crushing stage with a rotating in a cylindrical housing impact tool to the central portion of a feed channel for the discarded material is guided, wherein the impact tool rotates at high speeds and thereby generates a radial air vortex high speed, which in the first crushing stage impact-crushed material fractions along in the cylindrical housing formed openings to the outlet of sufficiently crushed material fractions leads into a plenum.
  • a disadvantage of the known from the prior art crushing devices is limited by the outlet openings in the housing material throughput.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a comminution device which is improved, in particular with regard to the material throughput, for the recovery of secondary raw materials from disposed material and a method for the control thereof.
  • the device and the method should serve in particular the dust production from the disposed material.
  • this object is achieved by a comminuting device with the features of patent claim 1 and by a method for controlling with the features of patent claim 10.
  • the solution for the shredder for recovering secondary raw materials from discarded material essentially comprises a first crushing stage with a feed channel for supplying the discarded material to a first housing with a rotating impact tool for crushing the discarded material into a blow-crushed material fraction and for producing a Air vortex, which from the first crushing stage the impact-comminuted material fractions between the walls of a double-walled second housing of a downstream of the first crushing stage, second crushing stage spends, wherein the double-walled housing of the second crushing stage 20 is provided on the outer wall with a first sieve and on the inner wall with a second sieve, which pass through these sieves friction-comminuted material fractions in a downstream of the respective sieve collecting space.
  • a first Reibsieb and arranged on the outside of the inner wall a second Reibsieb.
  • the second crushing stage according to the invention is designed as a double-walled housing whose walls are each provided with sieves for the passage of Reibfein-comminuted material fractions, a crushing device can be provided with an advantageously significantly improved material throughput for recovered secondary raw materials from discarded material.
  • the air vortex can be exploited in order to rub the material to be comminuted on itself and / or on the friction elements or friction screens for comminution.
  • the comminution device is preferred if the inside of the first wall of the first comminution stage is provided with splitting edges, which further promote the impact comminution of disposed material when it is thrown by the impact tool onto the splitting edges.
  • the hole diameter of a Reibsiebes are preferably selected to be larger than in the other Reibsieb.
  • Conidur® screens as these are offered by the German company HEIN, LEHMANN GmbH.
  • Conidur® sieves are manufactured according to a special process, which makes it possible to produce very fine holes in sheet thicknesses, which can amount to a multiple of the hole diameter.
  • Conidur® screens have, in particular, conical holes, wherein the passage direction is inclined, so that a scale-like, rough surface defining the particle size assists the comminution process.
  • the shredding device according to the invention further defined particle sizes tuned sieves, be downstream.
  • hole spacings in the friction sieves are preferred which are smaller in the circumferential direction of the double-walled housing than in its longitudinal extent. In other words: as far as the longitudinal direction and thus typical direction of impact-crushed material fractions they encounter larger hole distances than in transverse extension, this has to Advantage that the holes in the Reibsieben unfold by sufficient distance from each other a longitudinal fibers abreibende effect.
  • the cover of the double-walled housing of the second comminution stage is provided with friction strips which further promote the friction comminution of impact-comminuted material fractions as they pass through the reis.
  • the comminution device it is preferable to support the throughput of the, in particular friction-comminuted, material fractions through the device by a suction air flow.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for controlling a comminuting device as described above, which is characterized by adjusting means by which the ratio of the volume flows in the collecting chambers is adjustable so that the volume flow of friction-comminuted material fractions in the collecting space behind the inner wall of the housing of the second Crushing stage is greater than the volume flow of friction-cut material fractions in the collecting space behind the outer wall of the housing of the second crushing stage.
  • a first development of the method is preferably characterized in that the speed of at least one suction means can be varied as an adjusting device for the volume flow ratio.
  • a second development of the method is preferably characterized in that a control flap which throttles the volume flow is arranged as the adjusting device for the volume flow ratio in at least one collecting space.
  • a third development of the method is preferably characterized in that the motor current of an electric motor driving the impact tool is adaptable, in particular in the event of changes or fluctuations in the material input and / or imminent blockage in the first housing of the first crushing stage.
  • volumetric flow ratios have proven successful in which the ratio of the volume flows from the outer collecting space to the inner collecting space is less than 1, preferably in particular 2: 3.
  • volume flow ratio is indirectly monitored by measuring the back pressure in the collecting chambers
  • a correctly adjusted volume flow ratio is characterized in that the back pressure in the inner plenum behind the inner wall of the housing of the second crushing stage is smaller than the back pressure in the outer collecting chamber behind the outer wall of the housing of the second crushing stage.
  • the present invention can serve in particular for the production or preparation of substitute fuels, which can preferably be burned in dust burners after classification or screening.
  • substitute fuels which can preferably be burned in dust burners after classification or screening.
  • additional fuel in firing is conceivable.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 In each case, a comminuting device 1 for the recovery of secondary raw materials 99 from disposed material 90 is shown.
  • a first comminution stage 10 is realized.
  • the this disintegration stage 10 supplied by a feed channel 50 disposed material 90 is thereby smashed by a, trained in a known manner, for example, as a blade rotor, impact tool 12.
  • the impact tool 12 rotating in a first, for example cylindrical or hexagonal, octagonal or other polygonal shaped housing 11 is preferably dimensioned such that a radial air vortex and thus a sifter action for impact-comminuted material fractions 91 are created, depending on the density of the supplied material 90 in which blow-crushed material fractions 91 are spun at high speed into a second comminution stage 20 arranged above the first comminution stage 10, which have undergone sufficient impact comminution.
  • the impact tool 12 may be equipped with blades (not shown), which promote the previously described sifter effect.
  • the impact crushing of the discarded material 90 can be further promoted when this discarded material 90 by the rotating in the first crushing stage 10 impact tool 12 on the Split edges 61 is thrown and split.
  • the housing 21 of the second crushing stage 20 is formed according to the invention as a double-walled housing 21, between the outer wall 22 and inner wall 23, the impact-comminuted material fractions 91 are thrown, and which are each provided with Reibsieben 32, 33 for the passage of reibfein-comminuted material fractions 92nd 93 in a respective rubbing screen 32, 33 downstream collecting space 42, 43.
  • the second crushing stage 20 is thus by triturating previously impact-crushed material fractions 91 not only on a rough inside of the outer wall 22 of the double-walled housing 21 but also on a rough outside the inner wall 23 of the double-walled housing 21 is achieved.
  • the provision of two Reibsiebe 32, 33 increases the material throughput for recovered secondary raw materials 99 from disposed material 90 advantageously significantly.
  • the double-walled housing 21 may be cylindrical or six-, eight- or other polygonal shaped analog or different from the first housing 11.
  • the transport of the material fractions 91, 92, 93 in the purely mechanically generated air vortices and / or additionally assisted with suction by the comminution device 1 can take place.
  • This is preferably designed such that via the feed channel 50 also fresh or - as far as the discarded material requires drying - also dry or warm air is sucked.
  • this air in the feed channel 50 may also be provided by alternative or cumulative means.
  • impact-comminuted material fractions 91 from the first comminuting stage 10 are not only thrown upwards into the second comminution stage 20 but are additionally rotated in the air vortex.
  • the necessary air flow through the friction screens 32, 33 is preferably realized by means of a control method, which is characterized by adjusting means, by means of which the volume flows v ⁇ 42, v 43 are adjustable.
  • the ratio of the volume flows v ⁇ 42: v ⁇ 43 is adjustable so that the volume flow v ⁇ 43 reibfein-minced material fractions 93 in the collecting space 43 in the flow direction behind the inner wall 23 of the housing 21 of the second crushing stage 20 is greater than the volume flow v ⁇ 42 Reibfein-crushed material fractions 92 in the collecting space 42 behind the outer wall 22 of the housing 21st
  • the pressures P42 >> P43 will be set, which consequently serve as indicators for the ratio of the volume flows v ⁇ 42: v ⁇ 43 can. Since pressures P are easier to measure than volumetric flow rates v. 42 ⁇ 43 is indirectly monitored by measuring the pressures P42, P43 in the collecting chambers 42, 43, wherein a correctly set volumetric flow ratio v ⁇ 42 ⁇ V 43 thereby characterized that the pressure P43 in the internal collection chamber 43 in the flow direction behind the inner wall 23 of the housing 21 of the second comminution stage 20 is smaller than the pressure P42 in the outer plenum 42 in flow direction behind the outer wall 22 of the housing 21 of the second Comminution stage 20. These are essentially dynamic pressure ratios.
  • a further development of the method is preferably characterized in that the speed D52 and / or D53 of at least one suction means 52, 53 can be varied as an adjusting device for the volume flows v ⁇ 42, v ⁇ 43 or the volume flow ratio v ⁇ 42 ⁇ v ⁇ .
  • a second development of the method is preferably characterized in that as actuating device for the volumetric flow V 42, V 43 or the volume flow ratio V 42 ⁇ V 43 in at least one collecting space 42, 43 is a the flow rate V 42, V 42 throttling control flap 72, 73 is arranged.
  • a third development of the method is preferably characterized by the fact that the motor current of an electric motor 13 driving the impact tool 12 can be adapted, in particular in the case of changes or fluctuations in the material input and / or imminent blockage in the first housing 11 of the first comminution stage 10.
  • Volumetric flow ratios in which the ratio of the volume flows v ⁇ 42: v ⁇ 43 from the outer collecting space 42 to the inner collecting space 43 is less than 1, preferably in particular 2: 3, have proved particularly useful in the size reduction apparatuses according to the invention .
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a crushing device 1 for the recovery of secondary raw materials 99, for example, from disposed fiber composite materials, with a particle size or a particle size distribution.
  • the holes are preferably used for use Reibsiebe coming 32, 33 in both Reibsieben 32, 33 preferably uniformly designed so that these broken-crushed fiber composite material fractions 91 are rubbed so that arise as uniform as possible fibers of a defined length, which is sufficient to be able to transfer after further processing of the recovered fibers, eg preparation in a yarn or a flat semi-finished, again acting in a component forces between the fibers and the surrounding matrix.
  • the fibers of uniform length which have passed through the rubbing sieves 32, 33 into the collection space 42 arranged downstream in the direction of flow can be supplied as secondary raw material 99 with or without suction means 52 to a central collecting space.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a crushing device 1 for the recovery of secondary raw materials 99, for example, from discarded wood materials with two different particle size distributions.
  • the holes are preferably used for use Reibsiebe coming 32, 33 in both Reibsieben 32, 33 are preferably designed differently so that these passed break-crushed wood and / or Halmmmaterialfr soen 91 so be wiped that arise from the shape of two different chips.
  • the hole diameter of a Reibsiebes 32 are preferably selected to be greater than in the other Reibsieb 33, so that the slower larger chips through the Reibsieb 32 in the outer wall 22 and the finer chips - preferably supported by a suction flow - Pass through the rubbing screen 33 in the inner wall 23 in the respective Reibsieb 32, 33 downstream storage space 42, 43.
  • the chips of the length of length passed through the rubbing sieves 32, 33 into downstream collecting chambers 42, 43 can be removed separately from the collecting chambers 42, 43 as secondary raw material 99 without or preferably with suction means 52, 53.
  • the second crushing stage 20 is designed as a double-walled housing 21, the outer and inner walls 22, 23 are each provided with Reibsieben 32, 33 for the passage of reibfein-comminuted material fractions 92, 93, a crushing device 1 with an advantageously significantly improved Material throughput for recovered secondary raw materials 99 are provided from disposed material 90.
  • a comminution device 1 designed for a preferably optimized material throughput was operated, for example, under the following conditions:
  • the electric motor 13 driving the impact tool 12 was operated in constant mode during normal operation.
  • the one everyone Suction chambers 52 and 53 associated with plenum 42 and 43 were operated at a rated speed D52 and D53 of about 70%.
  • the control flaps 72 and 73 arranged in each collecting space 42 and 43 have been adjusted such that the ratio of the volume flows v.sub.42 : v.sub.43 from the outer collecting space 42 to the inner collecting space 43 is less than 1, preferably approximately 2: 3.
  • the speed D52 and D53 of the suction means 52 and 53 was adapted to the fluctuation and / or emergency control in accordance with the desired volumetric flow ratio v ⁇ 42 ⁇ v ⁇ 43.
  • the motor current of the electric motor 13 could be adjusted accordingly within the scope of an emergency control.
  • the impact-comminuted material fractions 91 are first propelled by the high-speed rotating impact tool 12 in one direction cover 24 rising air vortex on the first Reibsieb 32 on the inside of the outer wall 22 of the double-walled housing 21, then on the friction strips 62 on the lid 24th guided inward until they fall back into the first stage 10 in contact with the inner wall 23 of the double-walled housing 21 in the center due to gravity along the second Reibsiebes 33 - of course only as far as not worn down and through the Reibsiebe passed through as material fraction 92nd , 93.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Dispositif de broyage (1) pour récupérer des matières premières secondaires (99) à partir d'un matériau éliminé (90), comprenant
    un premier étage de broyage (10) avec un canal d'amenée (50) pour amener le matériau éliminé (90) à une première enceinte (11) contenant un outil de percussion rotatif (12) pour broyer le matériau éliminé (90) en une fraction de matériau broyé par percussion (91) et pour produire un tourbillon d'air qui fait passer les fractions de matériau broyé par percussion (91) du premier étage de broyage (10) entre les parois d'une deuxième enceinte à double paroi (21) d'un deuxième étage de broyage (20) situé en aval du premier étage de broyage (10),
    dans lequel l'enceinte à double paroi (21) du deuxième étage de broyage (20) est munie d'un premier tamis sur la paroi extérieure (22) et d'un deuxième tamis sur la paroi intérieure (23),
    dans lequel des fractions de matériau broyées par friction (92, 93) à une finesse correspondante parviennent à travers ces tamis dans une chambre collectrice (42, 43) située en aval du tamis respectif.
  2. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un premier tamis à friction (32) est disposé sur l'enceinte à double paroi (21) du deuxième étage de broyage (20) du côté intérieur de la paroi extérieure (22) et un deuxième tamis à friction (33) est disposé du côté extérieur de la paroi intérieure (23).
  3. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le côté intérieur de la première paroi (11) du premier étage de broyage (10) est pourvu de bords tranchants (61).
  4. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les tamis de la paroi intérieure (23) et de la paroi extérieure (22) présentent des diamètres de trous identiques ou différents.
  5. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que d'autres tamis sont disposés en aval des tamis, respectivement des tamis à friction (32, 33).
  6. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon l'une des revendications 2, 4, 5, caractérisé en ce que l'espacement des trous dans les tamis à friction (32, 33) est choisi plus petit dans la direction circonférentielle de l'enceinte à double paroi (21) que dans son extension longitudinale.
  7. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des barres de friction (62) sont disposées dans l'enceinte à double paroi (21) du deuxième étage de broyage (20), de préférence sur le couvercle (24) de l'enceinte (21).
  8. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un volet de commande (72, 73) étranglant le débit volumique (V42, V43) est disposé en tant que moyen de réglage du débit volumique à travers le dispositif de broyage (1).
  9. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le transport des fractions de matériau (91, 92, 93) à travers le dispositif de broyage (1) est assisté par un flux d'air d'aspiration.
  10. Dispositif de broyage (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un moyen d'aspiration (53) favorisant le débit de matériau est associé au moins à la deuxième chambre collectrice (43).
  11. Procédé de commande d'un dispositif de broyage (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par l'utilisation de moyens de réglage à l'aide desquels le rapport des débits volumiques (V42, V43) dans les chambres collectrices (42, 43) peut être réglé de telle sorte que le débit volumique (V43) de fractions de matériau broyées par friction (93) dans la chambre collectrice (43) derrière la paroi intérieure (23) de l'enceinte (21) du deuxième étage de broyage (20) soit supérieur au débit volumique (V42) des fractions de matériau broyées par friction (92) dans la chambre collectrice (42) derrière la paroi extérieure (22) de l'enceinte (21) du deuxième étage de broyage (20).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on peut faire varier la vitesse de rotation (D52, D53) d'au moins un moyen d'aspiration (72, 73) en tant que moyen de réglage du rapport des débits volumiques (V̇42 << V̇43).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce qu'un volet de commande (72, 73) étranglant le débit volumique (V̇42, V̇43) est disposé en tant que moyen de réglage du rapport des débits volumiques (V̇42 << V̇43) dans au moins une chambre collectrice (42, 43).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le courant de moteur d'un moteur électrique (13) entraînant l'outil de percussion (12) peut être adapté, en particulier en cas de modifications ou de fluctuations dans l'apport de matériau et/ou en cas de menace d'engorgement dans la première enceinte (11) du premier étage de broyage (10).
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le rapport des débits volumiques (V̇42, V̇43) entre la chambre collectrice extérieure (42) et la chambre collectrice intérieure (43) est inférieur à 1, en particulier égal à 2:3.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le rapport des débits volumiques (V̇42 << V̇43) est surveillé indirectement par mesure des pressions dynamiques (P42, P43) dans les chambres collectrices (42, 43), un rapport des débits volumiques (V̇42 << V̇43) correctement réglé étant caractérisé en ce que la pression dynamique (P43) dans la chambre collectrice intérieure (43) derrière la paroi intérieure (23) de l'enceinte (21) du deuxième étage de broyage (20) est inférieure à la pression dynamique (P42) dans la chambre collectrice extérieure (42) derrière la paroi extérieure (22) de l'enceinte (21) du deuxième étage de broyage (20).
EP16703096.4A 2015-02-03 2016-02-03 Dispositif de broyage pour récupération de matières secondaires d'un matériau mis au rebut et procédé de commande dudit dispositif Active EP3253493B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015101530.7A DE102015101530A1 (de) 2015-02-03 2015-02-03 Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung zur Rückgewinnung von Sekundärrohstoffen aus entsorgtem Material sowie Verfahren zu deren Steuerung
PCT/EP2016/052228 WO2016124618A1 (fr) 2015-02-03 2016-02-03 Dispositif de broyage permettant la récupération de substances secondaires présentes dans un matériau éliminé, ainsi que procédé de commande dudit dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3253493A1 EP3253493A1 (fr) 2017-12-13
EP3253493B1 true EP3253493B1 (fr) 2019-04-10

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EP (1) EP3253493B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107396629B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015101530A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016124618A1 (fr)

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DE102017103844A1 (de) 2017-02-24 2018-08-30 Recuperma Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Materialien
DE202017102268U1 (de) 2017-04-13 2018-06-15 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Vorrichtung zur Auftrennung von Materialverbunden
DE102017108106B3 (de) 2017-04-13 2018-04-26 Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen- und Anlagenbau Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Auftrennung von Materialverbunden

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EP3253493A1 (fr) 2017-12-13
WO2016124618A1 (fr) 2016-08-11

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