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EP3251140A1 - Circuit breaker equipped with an extensible exhaust cover - Google Patents

Circuit breaker equipped with an extensible exhaust cover

Info

Publication number
EP3251140A1
EP3251140A1 EP16701361.4A EP16701361A EP3251140A1 EP 3251140 A1 EP3251140 A1 EP 3251140A1 EP 16701361 A EP16701361 A EP 16701361A EP 3251140 A1 EP3251140 A1 EP 3251140A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
circuit breaker
movable portion
exhaust hood
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16701361.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3251140B1 (en
Inventor
Emilien Pierres
Nicolas Toquet
Roger Ledru
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
General Electric Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Technology GmbH filed Critical General Electric Technology GmbH
Publication of EP3251140A1 publication Critical patent/EP3251140A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3251140B1 publication Critical patent/EP3251140B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
    • H01H33/74—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber wherein the break is in gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medium, high or very high voltage circuit breakers. It relates more particularly to the problem of dimensioning such a circuit breaker, in particular conditioned by the need for a minimum volume defined by the exhaust hood fitted to the breaking chamber, as well as by the minimum electrical insulation distance between this cover. exhaust and the outer casing of the circuit breaker in which is arranged the breaking chamber.
  • circuit breaker designs such as that described in DE 10 2011 083593.
  • Such a circuit breaker incorporates a breaking chamber equipped with an exhaust hood defining a circulation chamber of gas, also called exhaust chamber.
  • the hot gases from an electric arc formed during the power failure in the circuit breaker are directed to the circulation chamber.
  • this chamber In order to limit the temperature and the pressure of the gas in the circulation chamber, this chamber must have a fairly large volume, in particular to cope with the breaking of strong currents. In this respect, it is noted that an exhaust volume that is too low can limit the flow of the hot gases out of the cutoff zone, and thus limit the breaking performance of the circuit breaker.
  • the interrupting chamber is placed in a space defined by an outer casing of the circuit breaker.
  • a minimum electrical isolation distance is generally required between the outer casing of the circuit breaker and the exhaust hood forming the outer wall of the interrupting chamber. This minimum distance is set so as to limit the risks of dielectric ignition between a portion of the electrically charged chamber (at the non-zero potential), and the metal outer shell of the circuit breaker at zero potential.
  • the subject of the invention is a medium, high or very high voltage current circuit breaker, comprising at least one breaking chamber and an outer envelope defining a space in which the breaking chamber is arranged, this one comprising: - A first set of electrical contacts and a second set of electrical contacts, at least so as to allow operations of closing and opening the circuit breaker;
  • said exhaust cowl forming part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber, the exhaust cowl being located in the space and internally defining a gas circulation chamber located at least partly downstream of the nozzle of the blowing with which it communicates, said exhaust hood may comprise one or more openings for evacuation of the gas from the gas flow chamber to said space;
  • the exhaust cowl comprises at least one movable portion under the effect of the pressure of the gases within the gas circulation chamber, so as to make the volume thereof expandable, in order to limit the pressure in this circulation chamber.
  • the invention is thus advantageous in that it provides an extensible exhaust hood, so as to allow the increase of the volume of the gas flow chamber in case of high currents failure. Also, in nominal configuration, that is to say in the closed position of the circuit breaker, or in the case of a low current cut producing little hot gas, the exhaust hood has a smaller dimension that allows to reduce the overall size of the circuit breaker. Moreover, in the case of "GIS” or “Dead Tank” type circuit-breakers, the invention is advantageous in that this reduction in size does not take place at the expense of the dielectric isolation of the chamber with respect to the outer casing of the circuit breaker.
  • the invention advantageously reduces the size of the circuit breaker while greatly limiting the risk of gas overpressure within the flow chamber, and the risk of dielectric ignition between the exhaust hood and the outer casing of the circuit breaker.
  • the invention is remarkable in that the expansion of the volume of the gas flow chamber is performed automatically and reliably, by simple physical phenomenon of gas pressure on the movable portion of the hood.
  • This extension also occurs only in the presence of high currents (usually 60% to 100% of the nominal short circuit current) rarely observed, which implies a movement infrequent, and therefore low risk of production of wear particles.
  • the hot gases resulting from the blowing of the arc remain at least partly confined in the chamber with extended volume, which limits the risks of aggression by these hot gases or dielectric priming in the outer casing of the circuit breaker.
  • the invention preferably comprises at least one of the following optional features, taken singly or in combination.
  • Said movable portion of said exhaust hood is arranged around the support mechanically connecting the breaking chamber to the bottom of the outer casing.
  • Said movable portion of said exhaust cowl is slidably mounted on a fixed portion of said cowl, preferably along a longitudinal central axis of said cowl.
  • the circuit breaker comprises elastic return means reminding said movable portion of said exhaust hood in a rest position in which the volume of the gas flow chamber is minimal.
  • the exhaust hood is configured so that in the two extreme positions of its moving portion, it defines respectively minimum and maximum volumes of the gas flow chamber, the ratio between the minimum and maximum volumes being preferably between 0.9 and 0.5.
  • a fixed portion of this cover has a first inner surface of external delimitation of the gas circulation chamber
  • said movable portion of said exhaust hood has a second inner surface of external delimitation of the gas circulation chamber
  • a maximum diameter of the second inner surface is greater than a maximum diameter of the first inner surface.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic views in longitudinal section of a high voltage circuit breaker according to the invention, with the circuit breaker being respectively in a closed position, and in a position occupied during an opening operation of this circuit breaker, aimed at breaking a strong current;
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b respectively represent views similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2, with the circuit breaker being in the form of a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 4a and 4b respectively show views similar to those of Figures 1 and 2, with the circuit breaker being in the form of a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a high voltage circuit breaker 10 according to the invention.
  • the circuit breaker is shown schematically, in order to focus on the principle object of the present invention.
  • this principle is applicable to all existing configurations of circuit breakers, in particular "GIS” or “Dead Tank” type circuit breakers, which will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3a to 4b.
  • the circuit breaker 10 comprises a breaking chamber 12.
  • the breaking chamber 12 is arranged at The interior of an envelope 14.
  • the interrupting chamber 12 is thus housed in a space 13 defined internally by the outer envelope 14.
  • This space 13 is usually filled with a pressurized insulating gas, for example of the SF6 type.
  • the chamber 12 comprises a first set of electrical contacts 18a, 20a and a second set of electrical contacts 18b, 20b. More specifically, the first set comprises a first permanent contact 20a cooperating with a second permanent contact 20b of the second set, when the circuit breaker occupies a closed position as shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the first set comprises a first contact electric arc 18a, cooperating with a second arcing contact 18b of the second set, when the circuit breaker is in its closed position. The first arcing contact 18a passes through a blow nozzle 19, made in a conventional manner.
  • the invention is not limited to this embodiment.
  • the invention can in particular be applied to double movement circuit breakers.
  • any design deemed appropriate by those skilled in the art can be implemented, such as that described in document FR 2 976 085.
  • the two sets are thus mobile to sliding along the main axis A of the breaking chamber 12, in opposite directions.
  • the second arcing contact 18b is surrounded by two volumes 21 and 22 separated axially from one of the other by a wall, and allowing the extinction by blowing the electric arc, in order to cut off the current.
  • the blowing nozzle 19 makes it possible to channel the flow of gas during this blowing.
  • the gases escaping through the nozzle 19 enter a gas circulation chamber 31, also known as the exhaust chamber, and defined by an exhaust hood 40 housed in the space 13.
  • the chamber 31 is thus arranged at least partly downstream of the nozzle 19, the term "downstream" being considered here in an axial main direction of gas flow in the chamber 12 at the outlet of the nozzle 19.
  • the gases escaping through the space 24 penetrate into another gas circulation chamber 32, delimited by an exhaust hood 41 also housed in the space 13. .
  • the breaking chamber 12 therefore comprises the exhaust hood 40 delimiting the exhaust volume 31 and forming part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber 12.
  • Exhaust 40 preferably has several orifices 50 allowing evacuation of the gases to the space 13 defined by the tank 14. In FIGS. 1 and 2, these openings 50 are arranged near an upstream end of the cover 40, but they can of course be arranged differently on this hood 40. Moreover, the invention is applicable regardless of the configuration inside the chamber 31.
  • the exhaust hood 41 defining the exhaust volume 32, comprises several orifices 51 for the evacuation of the gases coming from the arc-breaking zone. , to space 13.
  • the exhaust hood 40 defines a substantially cylindrical chamber 31 of axis A corresponding to the longitudinal central axis of the cover 40, with a substantially circular section.
  • This cover 40 has a bottom 40a substantially orthogonal to the axis A, and a side wall 40b surrounding this axis A.
  • the bottom 40a and the side wall 40b of the cover thus form a part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber 12, located in the volume 13 away from the outer casing 14.
  • the casing 14 includes a bottom 14a also arranged substantially orthogonal to the axis A.
  • This support 60 preferably takes the form of a hollow cylinder, allowing internally the passage of the movable elements of a control mechanism 23.
  • the exhaust hood 40 has a movable portion 40 'slidably mounted on a fixed portion 40''.
  • the movable portion 40 ' corresponds to the bottom 40a, as well as to a downstream end of the side wall 40b.
  • the fixed portion 40 '' corresponds to the rest of the hood, being otherwise said that these two portions 40 ', 40''are both centered on the axis A and substantially cylindrical.
  • the movable portion 40 ' is pierced at the center of the bottom 40a of an opening 62 traversed by the support 60, on which it is mounted to slide along the axis A.
  • the movable portion 40' is thus arranged around the support 60, being able to move along it, preferably in a sealed manner.
  • Elastic return means such as compression springs 64 are interposed between the two portions 40 ', 40' ', preferably being arranged inside the chamber 31. These springs 64 exert a return force forcing the portion movable 40 'to be positioned in a rest position, wherein the volume of the gas flow chamber 31 is a minimum volume Vmin.
  • This configuration is shown in Figure 1. It is the one that is occupied in the closed position, or even when cutting a low current.
  • the movable portion 40 'occupying a first extreme position is indeed retracted to the maximum in the fixed portion 40'', so that the distance between the two ends of the hood along the axis A corresponds to a minimum distance, referenced Lmin in Figure 1.
  • This provides a gap spacing Del satisfactory between the two funds 40a, 14a, with respect to the risk of dielectric primer between these two elements in static position.
  • the overpressure of the gases in the chamber 31 generates a pressure on the movable portion 40 'which leads the latter to be pushed towards the bottom 14a, against the forces Recall generated by the springs 64.
  • FIG. 2 shows the second extreme position of the mobile portion 40 ', after the latter has been displaced along the support 60, under the effect of the pressure of the gases in the chamber 31.
  • the mobile portion 40 ' is maximally output relative to the fixed portion 40' ', so that the distance between the two ends of the hood along the axis A corresponds to a maximum distance, referenced Lmax in Figure 2.
  • the volume of the gas circulation chamber 31 is a maximum volume Vmax, the ratio between the two volumes Vmin and Vmax may be between 0.9 and 0.5.
  • the voltage between the breaking chamber 12 and the outer casing 14 of the circuit breaker when breaking strong currents is much lower than that required in a static situation.
  • the distance of electrical insulation required during the breaking of strong currents is much lower than that required in a static situation, for example lower than 40%.
  • the risk of dielectric primer is advantageously very limited during the displacement phase of the movable member 40 '.
  • the selected design therefore makes it possible to obtain a small overall size of the circuit breaker dictated by the first extreme position of the mobile portion 40 ', while limiting the risk of dielectric primer with the outer envelope 14.
  • blowing of the electric arc is also improved, thus reinforcing the breaking performance of the circuit breaker, due to the increase in the pressure difference between the core of the nozzle 19 and the exhaust chamber 31.
  • FIG. 3a and 3b there is shown a shielded circuit breaker 10 type "Dead Tank”, according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the control mechanism of the two assemblies 18a, 20a, 18b, 20b is represented, this mechanism being conventional and identified by the general reference numeral 23.
  • the elements bearing the same reference numerals as those attached to the elements of Figures 1 and 2 correspond to identical or similar elements.
  • the movable portion 40 ' has a downstream end of wider section, so as to further increase the volume of the chamber 31 in case of abnormally strong currents. More specifically, the movable portion 40 'has an inner intermediate wall 70, substantially orthogonal to the axis A and pierced with an opening 74. This wall 70 delimits to upstream the widened end of the movable portion 40 ', and it is it that slides along the support 60.
  • the bottom 40a is also arranged around the support 60, but at a radial distance from it for let the gases escape to the space 13, between the opening 62 and the support 60.
  • the intermediate wall 70 is pressed against an interior equipment 72 of the chamber 31.
  • the volume delimited by the cover 40 corresponds to the minimum volume Vmin, n' not including the volume delimited internally by the widened downstream end.
  • the intermediate wall 70 moves away from the interior equipment 72.
  • the two volumes located upstream and downstream this wall 70 then accumulate to form together the volume Vmax of the chamber 31, as has been shown in Figure 3b. Indeed, the gases can in this case enter the additional volume delimited internally by the enlarged downstream end of the portion 40 'in displacement.
  • the substantially cylindrical fixed portion 40 '' has a first inner surface of external delimitation of the chamber 31. Its maximum diameter Dlmax, which is here a substantially constant diameter, is smaller than the maximum diameter D2max of a second inner surface of outer delimitation of the chamber 31 defined by the downstream end of the movable portion 40 '.
  • the ratio between the two diameters Dlmax and D2max may for example be provided between 0.9 and 0.5.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b there is shown a shielded circuit breaker 10 of "GIS" type, according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the elements bearing the same numerical references as those attached to the elements of FIGS. 1 and 2 correspond to identical or similar elements.
  • the movable portion 40 ' takes a shape similar to that shown in the block diagrams of Figures 1 and 2, namely incorporating the bottom 40a and the downstream end of the side wall 40b.
  • the inner diameters of the mobile and fixed portions 40 ', 40'' are here substantially identical.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a medium-, high- or very high-voltage current circuit breaker, comprising at least one breaking chamber and an outer casing in which the breaking chamber is arranged. The circuit breaker comprises an exhaust cover (40) forming a part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber (12), the exhaust cover being located in the space (13) and defining, on the inside, a gas circulation chamber (31). According to the invention, the exhaust cover (40) comprises at least one movable portion (40') that is movable under the effect of the pressure of the gases inside the gas circulation chamber (31), in such a way as to make the volume of same extensible.

Description

DISJONCTEUR EQUIPE D'UN CAPOT D'ECHAPPEMENT EXTENSIBLE  CIRCUIT BREAKER EQUIPPED WITH AN EXTENDABLE EXHAUST HOOD
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
L' invention se rapporte au domaine des disjoncteurs de courant moyenne, haute ou très haute tension. Elle concerne plus particulièrement la problématique du dimensionnement d'un tel disjoncteur, notamment conditionné par le besoin d'un volume minimal défini par le capot d'échappement équipant la chambre de coupure, ainsi que par la distance minimale d'isolation électrique entre ce capot d'échappement et l'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur dans laquelle est agencée la chambre de coupure . The invention relates to the field of medium, high or very high voltage circuit breakers. It relates more particularly to the problem of dimensioning such a circuit breaker, in particular conditioned by the need for a minimum volume defined by the exhaust hood fitted to the breaking chamber, as well as by the minimum electrical insulation distance between this cover. exhaust and the outer casing of the circuit breaker in which is arranged the breaking chamber.
ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTÉRIEURE STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
De l'art antérieur, il est connu de nombreuses conceptions de disjoncteurs, comme par exemple celle décrite dans le document DE 10 2011 083593. Un tel disjoncteur intègre une chambre de coupure équipée d'un capot d'échappement définissant une chambre de circulation de gaz, également dite chambre d'échappement. Les gaz chauds issus d'un arc électrique formé lors de la coupure du courant dans le disjoncteur sont dirigés vers la chambre de circulation. From the prior art, it is known many circuit breaker designs, such as that described in DE 10 2011 083593. Such a circuit breaker incorporates a breaking chamber equipped with an exhaust hood defining a circulation chamber of gas, also called exhaust chamber. The hot gases from an electric arc formed during the power failure in the circuit breaker are directed to the circulation chamber.
Afin de limiter la température et la pression du gaz dans la chambre de circulation, cette chambre doit présenter un volume assez conséquent, notamment pour faire face à la coupure de courants forts. A cet égard, il est noté qu'un volume d'échappement trop faible peut limiter l'écoulement des gaz chauds hors de la zone de coupure, et donc limiter les performances de coupure du disjoncteur. In order to limit the temperature and the pressure of the gas in the circulation chamber, this chamber must have a fairly large volume, in particular to cope with the breaking of strong currents. In this respect, it is noted that an exhaust volume that is too low can limit the flow of the hot gases out of the cutoff zone, and thus limit the breaking performance of the circuit breaker.
En outre, la chambre de coupure est placée dans un espace délimité par une enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur. Pour certaines applications comme les disjoncteurs de type « GIS » ou « Dead Tank », une distance minimale d' isolation électrique est généralement requise entre l'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur et le capot d'échappement formant la paroi extérieure de la chambre de coupure. Cette distance minimale est fixée de manière à limiter les risques d'amorçage diélectrique entre une partie de la chambre chargée électriquement (au potentiel non nul) , et l'enveloppe extérieure métallique du disjoncteur au potentiel nul.  In addition, the interrupting chamber is placed in a space defined by an outer casing of the circuit breaker. For certain applications such as "GIS" or "Dead Tank" circuit breakers, a minimum electrical isolation distance is generally required between the outer casing of the circuit breaker and the exhaust hood forming the outer wall of the interrupting chamber. This minimum distance is set so as to limit the risks of dielectric ignition between a portion of the electrically charged chamber (at the non-zero potential), and the metal outer shell of the circuit breaker at zero potential.
Ces contraintes de dimensionnement ont un impact direct sur l'encombrement, la masse global et le coût de tels disjoncteurs.  These design constraints have a direct impact on the overall size, mass and cost of such circuit breakers.
Il existe par conséquent un besoin d'optimisation de la conception de tels disjoncteurs, de façon à améliorer leurs performances en coupure et réduire leur encombrement, tout en leur permettant de répondre correctement aux contraintes techniques évoquées ci-dessus.  There is therefore a need to optimize the design of such circuit breakers, so as to improve their performance in cut and reduce their size, while allowing them to respond correctly to the technical constraints mentioned above.
EXPOSÉ DE L' INVENTION STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Pour répondre à ce besoin, l'invention a pour objet un disjoncteur de courant à moyenne, haute ou très haute tension, comportant au moins une chambre de coupure ainsi qu'une enveloppe extérieure définissant un espace dans lequel est agencée la chambre de coupure, celle-ci comportant : - un premier ensemble de contacts électriques ainsi qu'un second ensemble de contacts électriques, au moins de façon à permettre des opérations de fermeture et d'ouverture du disjoncteur ; To meet this need, the subject of the invention is a medium, high or very high voltage current circuit breaker, comprising at least one breaking chamber and an outer envelope defining a space in which the breaking chamber is arranged, this one comprising: - A first set of electrical contacts and a second set of electrical contacts, at least so as to allow operations of closing and opening the circuit breaker;
- une buse de soufflage d' arc électrique ;  an electric arc blowing nozzle;
- un capot d'échappement formant une partie de la paroi extérieure de la chambre de coupure, le capot d'échappement étant situé dans l'espace et définissant intérieurement une chambre de circulation de gaz située au moins en partie en aval de la buse de soufflage avec laquelle elle communique, ledit capot d'échappement pouvant comprendre une ou plusieurs ouvertures pour l'évacuation du gaz de la chambre de circulation de gaz vers ledit espace ;  an exhaust cowl forming part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber, the exhaust cowl being located in the space and internally defining a gas circulation chamber located at least partly downstream of the nozzle of the blowing with which it communicates, said exhaust hood may comprise one or more openings for evacuation of the gas from the gas flow chamber to said space;
- un support isolant électriquement et reliant mécaniquement la chambre de coupure à un fond de l'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur.  - An electrically insulating support and mechanically connecting the breaking chamber to a bottom of the outer casing of the circuit breaker.
Selon l'invention, le capot d'échappement comporte au moins une portion mobile sous l'effet de la pression des gaz au sein de la chambre de circulation de gaz, de manière à rendre le volume de celle-ci extensible, afin de limiter la pression dans cette chambre de circulation .  According to the invention, the exhaust cowl comprises at least one movable portion under the effect of the pressure of the gases within the gas circulation chamber, so as to make the volume thereof expandable, in order to limit the pressure in this circulation chamber.
L'invention est ainsi avantageuse en ce qu'elle prévoit un capot d'échappement extensible, de manière à permettre l'augmentation du volume de la chambre de circulation de gaz en cas de coupure de courants élevés. Aussi, en configuration nominale, c'est-à-dire en position fermée du disjoncteur, ou dans le cas d'une coupure de faible courant produisant peu de gaz chaud, le capot d'échappement présente une dimension plus faible qui permet de réduire l'encombrement global du disjoncteur. De plus, dans le cas de disjoncteurs de type « GIS » ou « Dead Tank », l'invention est avantageuse en ce que cette réduction d'encombrement ne s'effectue pas au détriment de l'isolement diélectrique de la chambre par rapport à l'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur. En effet, le risque d'amorçage diélectrique reste maîtrisé même lorsque la portion mobile du capot d'échappement se déplace en direction de l'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur, sous l'effet de la pression des gaz en cas de courants forts. Cela s'explique par le fait que lors d'un mouvement relatif entre les deux éléments considérés, la contrainte d' écartement entre ces deux éléments est largement inférieure à celle requise en situation statique, par exemple inférieure de l'ordre de 40%. The invention is thus advantageous in that it provides an extensible exhaust hood, so as to allow the increase of the volume of the gas flow chamber in case of high currents failure. Also, in nominal configuration, that is to say in the closed position of the circuit breaker, or in the case of a low current cut producing little hot gas, the exhaust hood has a smaller dimension that allows to reduce the overall size of the circuit breaker. Moreover, in the case of "GIS" or "Dead Tank" type circuit-breakers, the invention is advantageous in that this reduction in size does not take place at the expense of the dielectric isolation of the chamber with respect to the outer casing of the circuit breaker. Indeed, the risk of dielectric ignition remains controlled even when the movable portion of the exhaust cowl moves in the direction of the outer casing of the circuit breaker, under the effect of the pressure of the gas in case of strong currents. This is explained by the fact that during a relative movement between the two elements considered, the distance constraint between these two elements is much lower than that required in a static situation, for example less than about 40%.
En d'autres termes, l'invention permet avantageusement de réduire l'encombrement du disjoncteur tout en limitant fortement les risques de surpression de gaz au sein de la chambre de circulation, ainsi que les risques d'amorçage diélectrique entre le capot d'échappement et l'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur.  In other words, the invention advantageously reduces the size of the circuit breaker while greatly limiting the risk of gas overpressure within the flow chamber, and the risk of dielectric ignition between the exhaust hood and the outer casing of the circuit breaker.
Par ailleurs, l'invention est remarquable en ce que l'extension du volume de la chambre de circulation de gaz s'effectue de manière automatique et fiable, par simple phénomène physique de pression des gaz sur la portion mobile de ce capot. Cette extension se produit par ailleurs uniquement lors de la présence de courants élevés (généralement 60% à 100% du courant de court-circuit nominal) rarement observés, ce qui implique une mise en mouvement peu fréquente, et donc des faibles risques de production de particules d'usure. Furthermore, the invention is remarkable in that the expansion of the volume of the gas flow chamber is performed automatically and reliably, by simple physical phenomenon of gas pressure on the movable portion of the hood. This extension also occurs only in the presence of high currents (usually 60% to 100% of the nominal short circuit current) rarely observed, which implies a movement infrequent, and therefore low risk of production of wear particles.
En outre, cela conduit également, durant l'opération d'ouverture du disjoncteur, à voir augmenter le différentiel de pression entre le cœur de la chambre et l'échappement. Il en découle avantageusement un meilleur écoulement des gaz et un meilleur soufflage de l'arc électrique, et donc une capacité accrue de coupure pour le disjoncteur. Ces bénéfices sont conséquents, car l'augmentation du volume de la chambre d'échappement peut être élevée. Cela s'explique par le fait que la portion mobile, définissant ce volume, forme une partie de la paroi extérieure du capot d'échappement, dont le diamètre est ainsi maximal .  In addition, this also leads, during the opening operation of the circuit breaker, to see increasing the pressure differential between the core of the chamber and the exhaust. This advantageously results in a better flow of gas and a better blowing of the electric arc, and therefore an increased capacity of cut for the circuit breaker. These benefits are significant, because the increase in the volume of the exhaust chamber can be high. This is explained by the fact that the movable portion, defining this volume, forms a portion of the outer wall of the exhaust hood, whose diameter is thus maximum.
De plus, avec la solution spécifique à l'invention, les gaz chauds issus du soufflage de l'arc restent au moins en partie confinés dans la chambre à volume étendu, ce qui limite les risques d'agression par ces gaz chauds ou d'amorçage diélectrique dans l'enveloppe extérieure du disjoncteur.  In addition, with the solution specific to the invention, the hot gases resulting from the blowing of the arc remain at least partly confined in the chamber with extended volume, which limits the risks of aggression by these hot gases or dielectric priming in the outer casing of the circuit breaker.
Enfin, la pression dans la chambre d'échappement étant ainsi diminuée, les contraintes mécaniques dans les différentes parties du disjoncteur s'en trouvent avantageusement réduites.  Finally, the pressure in the exhaust chamber is thus reduced, the mechanical stresses in the various parts of the circuit breaker are advantageously reduced.
L'invention comporte de préférence au moins l'une des caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes, prises isolément ou en combinaison.  The invention preferably comprises at least one of the following optional features, taken singly or in combination.
Ladite portion mobile dudit capot d'échappement est agencée autour du support reliant mécaniquement la chambre de coupure au fond de l'enveloppe extérieure. Ladite portion mobile dudit capot d'échappement est montée mobile à coulissement sur une portion fixe de ce capot, de préférence selon un axe central longitudinal dudit capot . Said movable portion of said exhaust hood is arranged around the support mechanically connecting the breaking chamber to the bottom of the outer casing. Said movable portion of said exhaust cowl is slidably mounted on a fixed portion of said cowl, preferably along a longitudinal central axis of said cowl.
Le disjoncteur comporte des moyens élastiques de rappel rappelant ladite portion mobile dudit capot d'échappement dans une position de repos dans laquelle le volume de la chambre de circulation de gaz est minimal.  The circuit breaker comprises elastic return means reminding said movable portion of said exhaust hood in a rest position in which the volume of the gas flow chamber is minimal.
Le capot d'échappement est configuré de telle sorte que dans les deux positions extrêmes de sa portion mobile, il définit respectivement des volumes minimal et maximal de la chambre de circulation de gaz, le rapport entre les volumes minimal et maximal étant de préférence compris entre 0,9 et 0,5.  The exhaust hood is configured so that in the two extreme positions of its moving portion, it defines respectively minimum and maximum volumes of the gas flow chamber, the ratio between the minimum and maximum volumes being preferably between 0.9 and 0.5.
Enfin, une portion fixe de ce capot présente une première surface intérieure de délimitation extérieure de la chambre de circulation de gaz, ladite portion mobile dudit capot d'échappement présente une seconde surface intérieure de délimitation extérieure de la chambre de circulation de gaz, et un diamètre maximal de la seconde surface intérieure est supérieur à un diamètre maximal de la première surface intérieure. Cette spécificité permet d'amplifier encore davantage l'augmentation du volume de la chambre, en cas de déplacement de la portion mobile du capot d'échappement, sous l'effet de la pression des gaz dans cette chambre.  Finally, a fixed portion of this cover has a first inner surface of external delimitation of the gas circulation chamber, said movable portion of said exhaust hood has a second inner surface of external delimitation of the gas circulation chamber, and a maximum diameter of the second inner surface is greater than a maximum diameter of the first inner surface. This specificity makes it possible to further amplify the increase in the volume of the chamber, in case of displacement of the movable portion of the exhaust hood, under the effect of the pressure of the gases in this chamber.
D' autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront dans la description détaillée non limitative ci-dessous. BRÈVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent in the detailed non-limiting description below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Cette description sera faite au regard des dessins annexés parmi lesquels ; This description will be made with reference to the appended drawings among which;
les figures 1 et 2 représentent des vues schématiques en coupe longitudinale d'un disjoncteur haute tension selon l'invention, avec le disjoncteur se trouvant respectivement dans une position de fermeture, et dans une position occupée lors d'une opération d'ouverture de ce disjoncteur, visant à la coupure d'un courant fort ;  FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic views in longitudinal section of a high voltage circuit breaker according to the invention, with the circuit breaker being respectively in a closed position, and in a position occupied during an opening operation of this circuit breaker, aimed at breaking a strong current;
- les figures 3a et 3b représentent respectivement des vues similaires à celles des figures 1 et 2, avec le disjoncteur se présentant sous la forme d'un premier mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention ; et  FIGS. 3a and 3b respectively represent views similar to those of FIGS. 1 and 2, with the circuit breaker being in the form of a first preferred embodiment of the invention; and
les figures 4a et 4b représentent respectivement des vues similaires à celles des figures 1 et 2, avec le disjoncteur se présentant sous la forme d'un second mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention.  Figures 4a and 4b respectively show views similar to those of Figures 1 and 2, with the circuit breaker being in the form of a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE MODES DE RÉALISATION PARTICULIERS  DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
En référence tout d'abord aux figures 1 et 2, il est représenté un disjoncteur 10 haute tension selon l'invention. Sur ces figures, le disjoncteur est représenté de manière schématique, afin de se focaliser sur le principe objet de la présente invention. A cet égard, il est noté que ce principe est applicable à toutes les configurations existantes de disjoncteurs, en particulier les disjoncteurs blindés de type « GIS » ou « Dead Tank » qui seront décrits ultérieurement en référence aux figures 3a à 4b. Referring firstly to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown a high voltage circuit breaker 10 according to the invention. In these figures, the circuit breaker is shown schematically, in order to focus on the principle object of the present invention. In this respect, it is noted that this principle is applicable to all existing configurations of circuit breakers, in particular "GIS" or "Dead Tank" type circuit breakers, which will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3a to 4b.
Le disjoncteur 10 comporte une chambre de coupure 12. La chambre de coupure 12 est agencée à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe 14. La chambre de coupure 12 est ainsi logée dans un espace 13 défini intérieurement par l'enveloppe extérieure 14. Cet espace 13 est habituellement rempli d'un gaz isolant sous pression, par exemple du type SF6. The circuit breaker 10 comprises a breaking chamber 12. The breaking chamber 12 is arranged at The interior of an envelope 14. The interrupting chamber 12 is thus housed in a space 13 defined internally by the outer envelope 14. This space 13 is usually filled with a pressurized insulating gas, for example of the SF6 type.
La chambre 12 comprend un premier ensemble de contacts électriques 18a, 20a, ainsi qu'un second ensemble de contacts électriques 18b, 20b. Plus précisément, le premier ensemble comprend un premier contact permanent 20a coopérant avec un second contact permanent 20b du second ensemble, lorsque le disjoncteur occupe une position de fermeture telle que représentée sur la figure 1. De plus, le premier ensemble comporte un premier contact d' arc électrique 18a, coopérant avec un second contact d'arc électrique 18b du second ensemble, lorsque le disjoncteur occupe sa position de fermeture. Le premier contact d'arc 18a traverse une buse de soufflage 19, réalisée de manière conventionnelle .  The chamber 12 comprises a first set of electrical contacts 18a, 20a and a second set of electrical contacts 18b, 20b. More specifically, the first set comprises a first permanent contact 20a cooperating with a second permanent contact 20b of the second set, when the circuit breaker occupies a closed position as shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the first set comprises a first contact electric arc 18a, cooperating with a second arcing contact 18b of the second set, when the circuit breaker is in its closed position. The first arcing contact 18a passes through a blow nozzle 19, made in a conventional manner.
Cependant, l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce mode de réalisation. L'invention peut notamment être appliquée aux disjoncteurs à double mouvement. Pour effectuer un tel double mouvement, toute conception réputée appropriée par l'homme du métier peut être mise en œuvre, comme par exemple celle décrite dans le document FR 2 976 085. Dans un tel cas de figure, les deux ensembles sont ainsi mobiles à coulissement le long de l'axe A principal de la chambre de coupure 12, dans des sens opposés .  However, the invention is not limited to this embodiment. The invention can in particular be applied to double movement circuit breakers. To perform such a double movement, any design deemed appropriate by those skilled in the art can be implemented, such as that described in document FR 2 976 085. In such a case, the two sets are thus mobile to sliding along the main axis A of the breaking chamber 12, in opposite directions.
Le second contact d'arc électrique 18b est entouré par deux volumes 21 et 22 séparés axialement l'un de l'autre par une paroi, et permettant l'extinction par soufflage de l'arc électrique, afin de couper le courant. La buse de soufflage 19 permet de canaliser le flux de gaz lors de ce soufflage. The second arcing contact 18b is surrounded by two volumes 21 and 22 separated axially from one of the other by a wall, and allowing the extinction by blowing the electric arc, in order to cut off the current. The blowing nozzle 19 makes it possible to channel the flow of gas during this blowing.
Les gaz issus de l'arc électrique et des volumes The gases from the electric arc and volumes
21 et 22 sont évacués axialement de part et d'autre par la buse 19 et l'espace intérieur 24 du second contact d'arc 18b. Les gaz s' échappant par la buse 19 pénètrent dans une chambre de circulation de gaz 31, également dite chambre d'échappement, et délimitée par un capot d'échappement 40 logé dans l'espace 13. La chambre 31 est ainsi agencée au moins en partie en aval de la buse 19, le terme « aval » étant ici considéré selon une direction principale axiale d'écoulement des gaz dans la chambre 12, en sortie de la buse 19. 21 and 22 are evacuated axially on both sides by the nozzle 19 and the inner space 24 of the second arcing contact 18b. The gases escaping through the nozzle 19 enter a gas circulation chamber 31, also known as the exhaust chamber, and defined by an exhaust hood 40 housed in the space 13. The chamber 31 is thus arranged at least partly downstream of the nozzle 19, the term "downstream" being considered here in an axial main direction of gas flow in the chamber 12 at the outlet of the nozzle 19.
De manière analogue, à l'opposé de la chambre de coupure, les gaz s' échappant par l'espace 24 pénètrent dans une autre chambre de circulation de gaz 32, délimitée par un capot d'échappement 41 également logé dans l'espace 13.  Similarly, opposite the breaking chamber, the gases escaping through the space 24 penetrate into another gas circulation chamber 32, delimited by an exhaust hood 41 also housed in the space 13. .
Du côté du premier ensemble de contacts 18a, 20a, la chambre de coupure 12 comporte donc le capot d'échappement 40 délimitant le volume d'échappement 31 et formant une partie de la paroi extérieure de la chambre de coupure 12. Le capot d'échappement 40 comporte de préférence plusieurs orifices 50 permettant l'évacuation des gaz vers l'espace 13 défini par la cuve 14. Sur les figures 1 et 2, ces ouvertures 50 sont agencées à proximité d'une extrémité amont du capot 40, mais elles peuvent bien entendu être agencées différemment sur ce capot 40. D'ailleurs, l'invention est applicable quelle que soit la configuration à l'intérieur de la chambre 31. On the side of the first set of contacts 18a, 20a, the breaking chamber 12 therefore comprises the exhaust hood 40 delimiting the exhaust volume 31 and forming part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber 12. Exhaust 40 preferably has several orifices 50 allowing evacuation of the gases to the space 13 defined by the tank 14. In FIGS. 1 and 2, these openings 50 are arranged near an upstream end of the cover 40, but they can of course be arranged differently on this hood 40. Moreover, the invention is applicable regardless of the configuration inside the chamber 31.
De même, du côté du second ensemble de contacts 18b, 20b, le capot d'échappement 41, définissant le volume d'échappement 32, comporte plusieurs orifices 51 pour l'évacuation des gaz issus de la zone de coupure de l'arc électrique, vers l'espace 13.  Likewise, on the side of the second set of contacts 18b, 20b, the exhaust hood 41, defining the exhaust volume 32, comprises several orifices 51 for the evacuation of the gases coming from the arc-breaking zone. , to space 13.
Le capot d'échappement 40 définit une chambre 31 sensiblement cylindrique d'axe A correspondant à l'axe central longitudinal de ce capot 40, avec un section sensiblement circulaire. Ce capot 40 comporte un fond 40a sensiblement orthogonal à l'axe A, ainsi qu'une paroi latérale 40b entourant cet axe A. Le fond 40a et la paroi latérale 40b du capot forment donc une partie de la paroi extérieure de la chambre de coupure 12, située dans le volume 13 à distance de l'enveloppe extérieure 14. A cet égard, cette enveloppe 14 comporte un fond 14a également agencé sensiblement orthogonalement à l'axe A. Il est prévu un support 60 d'axe A, reliant mécaniquement et isolant électriquement les fonds 14a, 40a. Ce support 60 prend préférentiellement la forme d'un cylindre creux, permettant intérieurement le passage des éléments mobiles d'un mécanisme de commande 23.  The exhaust hood 40 defines a substantially cylindrical chamber 31 of axis A corresponding to the longitudinal central axis of the cover 40, with a substantially circular section. This cover 40 has a bottom 40a substantially orthogonal to the axis A, and a side wall 40b surrounding this axis A. The bottom 40a and the side wall 40b of the cover thus form a part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber 12, located in the volume 13 away from the outer casing 14. In this regard, the casing 14 includes a bottom 14a also arranged substantially orthogonal to the axis A. There is provided a support 60 of axis A, mechanically connecting and electrically isolating the bottoms 14a, 40a. This support 60 preferably takes the form of a hollow cylinder, allowing internally the passage of the movable elements of a control mechanism 23.
L'une des particularités de l'invention réside dans le fait que le capot d'échappement 40 présente une portion mobile 40' monté à coulissement sur une portion fixe 40''. La partie mobile 40' correspond au fond 40a, ainsi qu'à une extrémité aval de la paroi latérale 40b. La portion fixe 40'' correspond au reste du capot, étant par ailleurs précisé que ces deux portions 40', 40'' sont toutes les deux centrées sur l'axe A et sensiblement cylindriques. One of the particularities of the invention lies in the fact that the exhaust hood 40 has a movable portion 40 'slidably mounted on a fixed portion 40''. The movable portion 40 'corresponds to the bottom 40a, as well as to a downstream end of the side wall 40b. The fixed portion 40 '' corresponds to the rest of the hood, being otherwise said that these two portions 40 ', 40''are both centered on the axis A and substantially cylindrical.
Plus précisément, la partie mobile 40' est percée au centre du fond 40a d'une ouverture 62 traversée par le support 60, sur lequel elle est montée mobile à coulissement selon l'axe A. La portion mobile 40' est ainsi agencée autour du support 60, en étant capable de se déplacer le long de celui-ci, de préférence de manière étanche .  More specifically, the movable portion 40 'is pierced at the center of the bottom 40a of an opening 62 traversed by the support 60, on which it is mounted to slide along the axis A. The movable portion 40' is thus arranged around the support 60, being able to move along it, preferably in a sealed manner.
Des moyens élastiques de rappel tels que des ressorts de compression 64 sont interposés entre les deux portions 40', 40'', de préférence en étant agencés à l'intérieur de la chambre 31. Ces ressorts 64 exercent un effort de rappel forçant la portion mobile 40' à se positionner dans une position de repos, dans laquelle le volume de la chambre de circulation de gaz 31 est un volume minimal Vmin. Cette configuration est représentée sur la figure 1. C'est celle qui est occupée en position de fermeture, voire également lors d'une coupure d'un courant faible.  Elastic return means such as compression springs 64 are interposed between the two portions 40 ', 40' ', preferably being arranged inside the chamber 31. These springs 64 exert a return force forcing the portion movable 40 'to be positioned in a rest position, wherein the volume of the gas flow chamber 31 is a minimum volume Vmin. This configuration is shown in Figure 1. It is the one that is occupied in the closed position, or even when cutting a low current.
Dans cette position, la portion mobile 40' occupant une première position extrême est en effet rétractée au maximum dans la portion fixe 40'', de sorte que la distance entre les deux extrémités du capot selon l'axe A correspond à une distance minimale, référencée Lmin sur la figure 1. Cela permet d'obtenir une distance d' écartement Del satisfaisante entre les deux fonds 40a, 14a, au regard du risque d'amorce diélectrique entre ces deux éléments, en position statique. En cas d'ouverture visant à la coupure de courants forts, la surpression des gaz dans la chambre 31 engendre une pression sur la portion mobile 40' qui conduit celle-ci à être repoussée en direction du fond 14a, à 1' encontre des efforts de rappel générés par les ressorts 64. In this position, the movable portion 40 'occupying a first extreme position is indeed retracted to the maximum in the fixed portion 40'', so that the distance between the two ends of the hood along the axis A corresponds to a minimum distance, referenced Lmin in Figure 1. This provides a gap spacing Del satisfactory between the two funds 40a, 14a, with respect to the risk of dielectric primer between these two elements in static position. In the event of an opening for the breaking of strong currents, the overpressure of the gases in the chamber 31 generates a pressure on the movable portion 40 'which leads the latter to be pushed towards the bottom 14a, against the forces Recall generated by the springs 64.
La figure 2 montre la seconde position extrême de la portion mobile 40', après que celle-ci ait été déplacée le long du support 60, sous l'effet de la pression des gaz dans la chambre 31. Dans cette seconde position extrême, la portion mobile 40' est sortie au maximum relativement à la portion fixe 40'', de sorte que la distance entre les deux extrémités du capot selon l'axe A correspond à une distance maximale, référencée Lmax sur la figure 2. Dans cette seconde position extrême, le volume de la chambre de circulation de gaz 31 est un volume maximal Vmax, le rapport entre les deux volumes Vmin et Vmax pouvant être compris entre 0,9 et 0,5.  FIG. 2 shows the second extreme position of the mobile portion 40 ', after the latter has been displaced along the support 60, under the effect of the pressure of the gases in the chamber 31. In this second extreme position, the mobile portion 40 'is maximally output relative to the fixed portion 40' ', so that the distance between the two ends of the hood along the axis A corresponds to a maximum distance, referenced Lmax in Figure 2. In this second position extreme, the volume of the gas circulation chamber 31 is a maximum volume Vmax, the ratio between the two volumes Vmin and Vmax may be between 0.9 and 0.5.
L'amenée de la portion mobile 40' dans la seconde position extrême conduit à obtenir une distance d' écartement De2 réduite entre les deux fonds 40a, 14a. Néanmoins, même avec cette distance d' écartement réduite, le risque d'amorçage diélectrique reste maîtrisé. The supply of the movable portion 40 'in the second extreme position leads to obtain a spacing distance De2 reduced between the two funds 40a, 14a. Nevertheless, even with this reduced spacing distance, the risk of dielectric ignition remains under control.
Effectivement, la tension électrique entre la chambre de coupure 12 et l'enveloppe extérieure 14 du disjoncteur lors de la coupure de forts courants est largement inférieure à celle requise en situation statique. Respectivement, la distance d' isolation électrique requise lors de la coupure de courants forts est largement inférieure à celle requise en situation statique, par exemple inférieure de l'ordre de 40%. Aussi, malgré la faible distance d' écartement , le risque d'amorce diélectrique s'avère avantageusement très limité durant la phase de déplacement de l'organe mobile 40' . Indeed, the voltage between the breaking chamber 12 and the outer casing 14 of the circuit breaker when breaking strong currents is much lower than that required in a static situation. Respectively, the distance of electrical insulation required during the breaking of strong currents is much lower than that required in a static situation, for example lower than 40%. Also, despite the small spacing distance, the risk of dielectric primer is advantageously very limited during the displacement phase of the movable member 40 '.
La conception retenue permet donc d' obtenir un encombrement global faible du disjoncteur dicté par la première position extrême de la portion mobile 40', tout en limitant le risque d'amorce diélectrique avec l'enveloppe extérieure 14.  The selected design therefore makes it possible to obtain a small overall size of the circuit breaker dictated by the first extreme position of the mobile portion 40 ', while limiting the risk of dielectric primer with the outer envelope 14.
II est par ailleurs précisé que lors de la coupure d'un courant fort, il se crée dans la chambre 12 une circulation des gaz depuis la zone entre les contacts 18a et 18b, vers les chambres d'échappement 31, 32. Sous l'effet de la pression exercée par les gaz dans la chambre 31, la portion mobile 40' du capot d'échappement 40 est repoussée vers le fond 14a, comme cela a été explicité ci-dessus. Les gaz chauds issus du soufflage de l'arc électrique peuvent transiter par les orifices 50 avant d'atteindre l'espace volumineux 13, lorsque de tels orifices 50 sont prévus. Néanmoins, l'expansion du volume de la chambre 31 a pour conséquence de diminuer la pression et la température des gaz, et de confiner une partie essentielle de ceux-ci dans le capot 30. Le risque d'agression de l'enveloppe 14 par ces mêmes gaz et par les microparticules qu' ils entraînent s'avère par conséquent limité. Il en est de même pour le risque d'amorçage diélectrique lié à la présence de ces gaz chauds dans l'espace 13.  It is furthermore specified that during the breaking of a strong current, a circulation of the gases is created in the chamber 12 from the zone between the contacts 18a and 18b, to the exhaust chambers 31, 32. effect of the pressure exerted by the gases in the chamber 31, the movable portion 40 'of the exhaust hood 40 is pushed back to the bottom 14a, as explained above. The hot gases resulting from the blowing of the electric arc can pass through the orifices 50 before reaching the large space 13, when such orifices 50 are provided. Nevertheless, the expansion of the volume of the chamber 31 has the effect of reducing the pressure and temperature of the gases, and of confining an essential part thereof in the cover 30. The risk of aggression of the envelope 14 by these same gases and the microparticles that they entail are therefore limited. It is the same for the risk of dielectric ignition related to the presence of these hot gases in the space 13.
De plus, comme la pression des gaz dans la chambre 31 est diminuée par l'extension de son volume, les efforts mécaniques requis pour le déplacement des contacts électriques et les contraintes dans les interfaces mécaniques du disjoncteur s'en trouvent avantageusement réduits . In addition, since the pressure of the gases in the chamber 31 is reduced by the extension of its volume, the mechanical forces required for the displacement of the contacts electrical and the constraints in the mechanical interfaces of the circuit breaker are advantageously reduced.
Par ailleurs, le soufflage de l'arc électrique s'en trouve également amélioré, renforçant ainsi les performances de coupure du disjoncteur, en raison de l'augmentation de la différence de pression entre le cœur de la buse 19 et la chambre d'échappement 31.  In addition, the blowing of the electric arc is also improved, thus reinforcing the breaking performance of the circuit breaker, due to the increase in the pressure difference between the core of the nozzle 19 and the exhaust chamber 31.
Il est enfin noté que le principe de l'invention est également applicable au côté du second ensemble de contacts 18b, 20b, sur le capot 41. Il est également applicable dans le cas de chambres d'échappement 31, 32 fermées, c'est-à-dire sans orifice 50 et 51.  It is finally noted that the principle of the invention is also applicable to the side of the second set of contacts 18b, 20b, on the hood 41. It is also applicable in the case of exhaust chambers 31, 32 closed, it is i.e. without orifice 50 and 51.
En référence à présent aux figures 3a et 3b, il est représenté un disjoncteur blindé 10 de type « Dead Tank », selon un premier mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention. Sur ces figures, il est représenté le mécanisme de commande des deux ensembles 18a, 20a, 18b, 20b, ce mécanisme étant conventionnel et identifié par la référence numérique générale 23. Sur ces figures, les éléments portant les mêmes références numériques que celles attachées aux éléments des figures 1 et 2, correspondent à des éléments identiques ou similaires.  Referring now to Figures 3a and 3b, there is shown a shielded circuit breaker 10 type "Dead Tank", according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention. In these figures, the control mechanism of the two assemblies 18a, 20a, 18b, 20b is represented, this mechanism being conventional and identified by the general reference numeral 23. In these figures, the elements bearing the same reference numerals as those attached to the elements of Figures 1 and 2, correspond to identical or similar elements.
Dans ce premier mode, la portion mobile 40' comporte une extrémité aval de plus large section, de manière à augmenter encore davantage le volume de la chambre 31 en cas de courants anormalement forts. Plus précisément, la portion mobile 40' comporte une paroi intérieure intermédiaire 70, sensiblement orthogonale à l'axe A et percée d'une ouverture 74. Cette paroi 70 délimite vers l'amont l'extrémité élargie de la portion mobile 40', et c'est elle qui coulisse le long du support 60. Le fond 40a est quant à lui agencé également autour du support 60, mais à distance radiale de celui-ci pour laisser les gaz s'échapper vers l'espace 13, entre l'ouverture 62 et le support 60. In this first mode, the movable portion 40 'has a downstream end of wider section, so as to further increase the volume of the chamber 31 in case of abnormally strong currents. More specifically, the movable portion 40 'has an inner intermediate wall 70, substantially orthogonal to the axis A and pierced with an opening 74. This wall 70 delimits to upstream the widened end of the movable portion 40 ', and it is it that slides along the support 60. The bottom 40a is also arranged around the support 60, but at a radial distance from it for let the gases escape to the space 13, between the opening 62 and the support 60.
Dans la première position extrême de la portion mobile 40', représentée sur la figure 3a, la paroi intermédiaire 70 est plaquée contre un équipement intérieur 72 de la chambre 31. Le volume délimité par le capot 40 correspond alors au volume minimal Vmin, n' incluant pas le volume délimité intérieurement par l'extrémité aval élargie. En revanche, en cas de déplacement de la portion mobile 40' sous l'effet de la pression des gaz dans la chambre 31, la paroi intermédiaire 70 s'éloigne de l'équipement intérieur 72. Les deux volumes situés en amont et en aval de cette paroi 70 se cumulent alors pour former ensemble le volume Vmax de la chambre 31, comme cela a été représenté sur la figure 3b. En effet, les gaz peuvent dans ce cas pénétrer dans le volume additionnel délimité intérieurement par l'extrémité aval élargie de la portion 40' en déplacement. A cet égard, il est noté que la portion fixe 40'' sensiblement cylindrique présente une première surface intérieure de délimitation extérieure de la chambre 31. Son diamètre maximal Dlmax, qui est ici un diamètre sensiblement constant, est inférieur au diamètre maximal D2max d'une seconde surface intérieure de délimitation extérieure de la chambre 31 définie par l'extrémité aval de la portion mobile 40' . Le rapport entre les deux diamètre Dlmax et D2max peut par exemple être prévu entre 0,9 et 0,5. Enfin, en référence aux figures 4a et 4b, il est représenté un disjoncteur blindé 10 de type « GIS », selon un second mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention. Ici encore, les éléments portant les mêmes références numériques que celles attachées aux éléments des figures 1 et 2, correspondent à des éléments identiques ou similaires. Aussi, est-il possible de constater que la portion mobile 40' prend une forme s ' apparentant à celle montrée sur les schémas de principe des figures 1 et 2, à savoir intégrant le fond 40a ainsi que l'extrémité aval de la paroi latérale 40b. Les diamètres intérieurs des portions mobile et fixe 40', 40'' sont ici sensiblement identiques. In the first extreme position of the movable portion 40 ', shown in FIG. 3a, the intermediate wall 70 is pressed against an interior equipment 72 of the chamber 31. The volume delimited by the cover 40 then corresponds to the minimum volume Vmin, n' not including the volume delimited internally by the widened downstream end. On the other hand, in case of displacement of the movable portion 40 'under the effect of the pressure of the gases in the chamber 31, the intermediate wall 70 moves away from the interior equipment 72. The two volumes located upstream and downstream this wall 70 then accumulate to form together the volume Vmax of the chamber 31, as has been shown in Figure 3b. Indeed, the gases can in this case enter the additional volume delimited internally by the enlarged downstream end of the portion 40 'in displacement. In this regard, it is noted that the substantially cylindrical fixed portion 40 '' has a first inner surface of external delimitation of the chamber 31. Its maximum diameter Dlmax, which is here a substantially constant diameter, is smaller than the maximum diameter D2max of a second inner surface of outer delimitation of the chamber 31 defined by the downstream end of the movable portion 40 '. The ratio between the two diameters Dlmax and D2max may for example be provided between 0.9 and 0.5. Finally, with reference to FIGS. 4a and 4b, there is shown a shielded circuit breaker 10 of "GIS" type, according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention. Here again, the elements bearing the same numerical references as those attached to the elements of FIGS. 1 and 2, correspond to identical or similar elements. Also, is it possible to note that the movable portion 40 'takes a shape similar to that shown in the block diagrams of Figures 1 and 2, namely incorporating the bottom 40a and the downstream end of the side wall 40b. The inner diameters of the mobile and fixed portions 40 ', 40''are here substantially identical.
Bien entendu, diverses modifications peuvent être apportées par l'homme du métier à l'invention qui vient d'être décrite sans sortir du cadre de l'exposé de 1 ' invention .  Of course, various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art to the invention which has just been described without departing from the scope of the disclosure of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Disjoncteur (10) de courant à moyenne, haute ou très haute tension, comportant au moins une chambre de coupure (12) ainsi qu'une enveloppe extérieure (14) définissant un espace (13) dans lequel est agencée la chambre de coupure (12), celle-ci comportant : 1. Circuit breaker (10) for medium, high or very high voltage current, comprising at least one breaking chamber (12) and an outer casing (14) defining a space (13) in which the breaking chamber is arranged. (12), the latter comprising:
un premier ensemble de contacts électriques (18a, 20a) ainsi qu'un second ensemble de contacts électriques (18b, 20b), au moins de façon à permettre des opérations de fermeture et d'ouverture du disjoncteur ;  a first set of electrical contacts (18a, 20a) and a second set of electrical contacts (18b, 20b), at least so as to allow operations of closing and opening the circuit breaker;
- une buse de soufflage d'arc électrique (19) ;  an electric arc blow-out nozzle (19);
- un capot d'échappement (40) formant une partie de la paroi extérieure de la chambre de coupure (12), le capot d'échappement étant situé dans l'espace (13) et définissant intérieurement une chambre de circulation de gaz (31) située au moins en partie en aval de la buse de soufflage (19) avec laquelle elle communique, ledit capot d'échappement (40) pouvant comprendre une ou plusieurs ouvertures (50) pour l'évacuation du gaz de la chambre de circulation de gaz vers ledit espace (13) ;  an exhaust hood (40) forming part of the outer wall of the breaking chamber (12), the exhaust hood being located in the space (13) and internally defining a gas circulation chamber (31); ) located at least partly downstream of the blowing nozzle (19) with which it communicates, said exhaust hood (40) possibly comprising one or more openings (50) for evacuating the gas from the circulation chamber of gas to said space (13);
un support (60) isolant électriquement et reliant mécaniquement la chambre de coupure (12) à un fond (14a) de l'enveloppe extérieure (14) du disjoncteur,  an electrically insulating support (60) mechanically connecting the breaking chamber (12) to a bottom (14a) of the outer casing (14) of the circuit breaker,
caractérisé en ce que le capot d'échappement (40) comporte au moins une portion mobile (40') sous l'effet de la pression des gaz au sein de la chambre de circulation de gaz (31), de manière à rendre le volume de celle-ci extensible . characterized in that the exhaust hood (40) has at least one movable portion (40 ') under the effect of the gas pressure within the gas circulation chamber (31), so as to make the volume of this extensible.
2. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite portion mobile (40') dudit capot d'échappement (40) est agencée autour du support (60) reliant mécaniquement la chambre de coupure (12) au fond (14a) de l'enveloppe extérieure (14) . 2. Circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that said movable portion (40 ') of said exhaust hood (40) is arranged around the support (60) mechanically connecting the breaking chamber (12) to the bottom (14a) of the outer casing (14).
3. Disjoncteur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite portion mobile (40') dudit capot d'échappement (40) est montée mobile à coulissement sur une portion fixe (40'') de ce capot, de préférence selon un axe central longitudinal (A) dudit capot . 3. Circuit breaker according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said movable portion (40 ') of said exhaust hood (40) is slidably mounted on a fixed portion (40' ') of said hood, preferably along a longitudinal central axis (A) of said cover.
4. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens élastiques de rappel (64) rappelant ladite portion mobile (40') dudit capot d'échappement dans une position de repos dans laquelle le volume (Vmin) de la chambre de circulation de gaz (31) est minimal. 4. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises elastic return means (64) reminding said movable portion (40 ') of said exhaust hood in a rest position in which the volume ( Vmin) of the gas circulation chamber (31) is minimal.
5. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capot d'échappement (40) est configuré de telle sorte que dans les deux positions extrêmes de sa portion mobile (40'), il définit respectivement des volumes minimal et maximal (Vmin, Vmax) de la chambre de circulation de gaz (31), le rapport entre les volumes minimal et maximal étant de préférence compris entre 0,9 et 0,5. 5. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exhaust hood (40) is configured such that in the two extreme positions of its movable portion (40 '), it defines respectively minimum volumes and maximum (Vmin, Vmax) of the gas circulation chamber (31), the ratio between the minimum and maximum volumes being preferably between 0.9 and 0.5.
6. Disjoncteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une portion fixe (40'') du capot d'échappement (40) présente une première surface intérieure de délimitation extérieure de la chambre de circulation de gaz (31), en ce que ladite portion mobile (40') dudit capot d'échappement (40) présente une seconde surface intérieure de délimitation extérieure de la chambre de circulation de gaz (31), et en ce qu'un diamètre maximal (D2max) de la seconde surface intérieure est supérieur à un diamètre maximal (Dlmax) de la première surface intérieure. 6. Circuit breaker according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fixed portion (40 '') of the exhaust cowl (40) has a first inner surface of external delimitation of the gas circulation chamber (31). ), in that said movable portion (40 ') of said exhaust cowl (40) has a second inner surface of external delimitation of the gas flow chamber (31), and that a maximum diameter (D2max) of the second inner surface is greater than a maximum diameter (Dlmax) of the first inner surface.
EP16701361.4A 2015-01-28 2016-01-25 Circuit breaker equipped with an extensible exhaust cover Active EP3251140B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1550648A FR3032059B1 (en) 2015-01-28 2015-01-28 CIRCUIT BREAKER EQUIPPED WITH AN EXTENDABLE EXHAUST HOOD
PCT/EP2016/051411 WO2016120188A1 (en) 2015-01-28 2016-01-25 Circuit breaker equipped with an extensible exhaust cover

Publications (2)

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EP3251140A1 true EP3251140A1 (en) 2017-12-06
EP3251140B1 EP3251140B1 (en) 2019-01-09

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US (1) US10170256B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3251140B1 (en)
FR (1) FR3032059B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016120188A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106710960B (en) * 2016-12-01 2019-01-22 上海思源高压开关有限公司 A kind of gas circuit breaker restoring function with reinforced insulation
EP3985703B1 (en) * 2020-10-15 2023-11-29 General Electric Technology GmbH Circuit breaker comprising an improved gas flow management

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE9308586U1 (en) * 1993-06-04 1993-11-04 Siemens AG, 80333 München Electrical high-voltage circuit breaker
ATE458259T1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2010-03-15 Abb Technology Ag HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCH WITH IMPROVED SWITCHING PERFORMANCE
DE602006012024D1 (en) * 2006-05-29 2010-03-18 Abb Technology Ag Flask switch with a pressure relief valve
ATE550770T1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2012-04-15 Areva Energietechnik Gmbh HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SWITCH
FR2976085B1 (en) 2011-06-01 2014-02-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique DEVICE FOR DETECTING AN ISOLATION FAULT
DE102011083594A1 (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit-breaker interrupter unit
DE102011083593A1 (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit-breaker interrupter unit
KR101786521B1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2017-10-18 엘에스산전 주식회사 High Voltage Gas Circuit Breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3251140B1 (en) 2019-01-09
FR3032059B1 (en) 2017-03-03
FR3032059A1 (en) 2016-07-29
US20180012715A1 (en) 2018-01-11
US10170256B2 (en) 2019-01-01
WO2016120188A1 (en) 2016-08-04

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