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EP3111521B1 - Élément de protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Élément de protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3111521B1
EP3111521B1 EP15703057.8A EP15703057A EP3111521B1 EP 3111521 B1 EP3111521 B1 EP 3111521B1 EP 15703057 A EP15703057 A EP 15703057A EP 3111521 B1 EP3111521 B1 EP 3111521B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
protection element
surge protection
overvoltage protection
inter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15703057.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3111521A1 (fr
Inventor
Eduard DORSCH
Frank Werner
Peter Bobert
Thomas Westebbe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
TDK Electronics AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TDK Electronics AG filed Critical TDK Electronics AG
Publication of EP3111521A1 publication Critical patent/EP3111521A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3111521B1 publication Critical patent/EP3111521B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an overvoltage protection element.
  • the DE 20 2008 016 322 U1 discloses a known overvoltage protection element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the problem to be solved is to specify an improved overvoltage protection element.
  • a proposed overvoltage protection element preferably a surge arrester, for example a gas arrester, comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a gas discharge space, which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the overvoltage protection element
  • the gas discharge space is preferably a contiguous gas discharge space.
  • the overvoltage protection element is furthermore preferably designed to discharge a gas in the gas discharge space and thus to produce an electrically conductive connection between the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the gas discharge and / or the gas discharge space for discharging a gas for example a noble gas, provided for reducing an overvoltage.
  • the overvoltage protection element is expediently provided to protect a further component, for example an electronic component, from said overvoltage.
  • the overvoltage preferably designates voltages above an operating or threshold voltage beyond which said component can be damaged or destroyed.
  • the overvoltage protection element is preferably designed such that a arc voltage of the overvoltage protection element, which is formed, for example, as a result of an overvoltage protection element applied overvoltage, compared to a conventional overvoltage protection element and / or overvoltage protection element of the prior art, increased or dimensioned particularly large.
  • a follow current or tracking current may denote a current between the first electrode and the second electrode which adjusts after ignition of a gas in the gas discharge space or after formation of an arc between said electrodes.
  • the follow-on current can cause damage in particular in the electronic component or other electrical networks or networks, in particular if they have a particularly low internal electrical resistance.
  • a follow - on current can be set in that, after the decay of one of the electrodes of the Overvoltage protection component applied overvoltage forms an arc and this light floor is maintained for a certain time. If, for example, a mains or operating voltage of the electronic component is smaller than the arc firing voltage, the overvoltage protection element automatically extinguishes the arc. For this reason, a high arc firing voltage is desired.
  • the overvoltage protection element is set up to protect an electronic component from overvoltages.
  • the intermediate electrode structure revolves around the first electrode in a plan view of the overvoltage protection element at a constant distance.
  • the arc voltage of the overvoltage protection element for example, compared to a conventional overvoltage protection element can be increased, since the electrical resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode by the coaxial or concentric geometry of the first and the second electrode and the provision of the intermediate electrode structure For example, during the formation of an arc or a gas discharge between the electrodes, can be increased.
  • the second electrode and / or the intermediate electrode structure is designed like a ring.
  • the second electrode and the intermediate electrode structure may be arranged concentrically with the first electrode.
  • This concentricity preferably designates the arrangement of said components in or along a common center, wherein the individual components may have different distances or radii from the center.
  • the center for example, when viewed in plan view of the overvoltage protection element designates a center of gravity or center of mass thereof.
  • the electrical resistance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be increased, in view of a multiplicity of possible ignition points or ignition locations between the intermediate electrode structure and the electrodes, such that the arc voltage of the arc Overvoltage protection element also increased.
  • current flow in at least part of the gas discharge space for example between the first electrode and the interelectrode structure, may flow at a large angle, for example 90 °, relative to a current flow between the interelectrode structure and the second electrode, as a whole the electrical resistance is increased.
  • the overvoltage protection element has a main axis.
  • the major axis preferably passes through the center described above.
  • the first electrode is a central electrode of the overvoltage protection element, wherein the second electrode and the inter-electrode structure are disposed adjacent to the first electrode.
  • the second electrode and the intermediate electrode structure are preferably, viewed in plan view of the overvoltage protection element, the first electrode disposed circumferentially.
  • the first electrode and the second electrode are preferably main electrodes of the overvoltage protection element.
  • the first electrode is expediently arranged in the main axis of the overvoltage protection element according to this embodiment.
  • the intermediate electrode structure divides the gas discharge space into a plurality of gas-permeable interconnected partial spaces.
  • gas-permeable in this context means that the gas discharge space is a continuous gas discharge space despite the arrangement of the intermediate electrode structure.
  • a gas interaction in particular via pressure and temperature changes between the different subspaces take place.
  • the different subspaces are not gas-tight.
  • this configuration can be achieved with advantage that, for example, in contrast to a series connection of hermetically separated, individual gas discharge, pressure, temperature or discharge states of the arranged in the gas discharge space gas from one subspace to the next subspace can affect and / or that the subspaces over pressure, temperature or interact with the ionization state of the gas.
  • This embodiment can also improve the follow current quenching behavior of the overvoltage element by an increased arc firing voltage.
  • the arrangement of the intermediate electrode structure can also be associated with an increase in the ignition voltage of the overvoltage protection element in conjunction with a desired higher arc voltage, since the electrical resistance of the ignition path increases as a result of the division into subspaces or partial discharges.
  • the ignition voltage preferably does not increase as much by the gas-permeable connected subspaces as strongly as when the overvoltage protection element would be formed, for example, only by a series connection or stringing together gas-tightly sealed gas discharge tubes or gas spaces.
  • a partial discharge between the first electrode and the intermediate electrode structure is ignited, for example pressure and temperature of the gas in this subspace may increase, whereby formation of an arc and / or further partial discharge, for example between the interelectrode structure and the second electrode, occurs due to said gas interaction due to the increased pressure and / or the elevated temperature not so easily form or can be preferably suppressed.
  • the intermediate electrode structure causes an increase in the arc voltage as a result of an overvoltage applied to the overvoltage protection element.
  • the first electrode, the intermediate electrode structure and the second electrode are arranged equidistant from each other.
  • This embodiment is advantageous in terms of the formation of a gas discharge in the event of an overvoltage between the electrodes.
  • a gas discharge or an arc between the first electrode and the intermediate electrode structure can occur with the same probability as between the intermediate electrode structure and the second electrode due to this configuration.
  • first and the second electrode are arranged axially offset from one another. This configuration and / or geometry can advantageously facilitate an electrical insulation of the first electrode and the second electrode from each other.
  • the intermediate electrode structure has an axial region in which it overlaps with the first electrode, but not with the second electrode.
  • the intermediate electrode structure has an axial region in which it overlaps with the second electrode, but not with the first electrode.
  • the relative arrangement of the first and second electrode and the intermediate electrode structure can be advantageously facilitated and / or the distances of said components from each other can be defined, whereby a particular electrical insulation of the first and the second electrode can be simplified.
  • the intermediate electrode structure has a plurality of electrode bodies which are arranged equidistantly from each other in a plan view of the overvoltage protection element and are electrically separated from one another.
  • the arc-firing voltage-corresponding to the number of electrode bodies provided for the intermediate electrode structure- can be further increased and / or the subsequent current-quenching behavior of the overvoltage protection element can be improved.
  • Each electrode body is preferably annular or ring-shaped.
  • the electrode bodies are expediently separated from one another electrically.
  • the intermediate electrode structure has only two electrode bodies.
  • the intermediate electrode structure has an inner and an outer electrode body, wherein the inner and the outer electrode body are each formed annularly or annularly.
  • the inner and outer electrode bodies are arranged axially offset from one another.
  • this embodiment and / or geometry can advantageously facilitate an electrical insulation of the inner electrode body and of the outer electrode body from one another.
  • the first electrode, the inner electrode body, the outer electrode body and the second electrode are arranged axially offset in succession in this order.
  • the overvoltage protection element has an insulation structure which has at least one radial contact surface, which in turn bears against a radial surface or radial contact surface of the first and / or second electrode.
  • Each radial contact surface preferably extends along a direction defined by the main axis, such that, for example, a surface normal of the radial contact surface is radially aligned.
  • the insulation structure has a first and a second largely rotationally symmetrical insulation body, wherein each insulation body has an investment stage with a radial contact surface and an axial contact surface.
  • Said abutment surfaces are preferably designed to limit the movement of components of the overvoltage protection element which abut against them.
  • Said axial contact surface is preferably oriented such that a surface normal of this surface is oriented parallel to the main axis of the overvoltage protection element.
  • the rotational symmetry of the insulating body may preferably be present, except for minor deviations, for example fastening devices or similar features.
  • the investment stage of the first insulation body is applied to the inner electrode body.
  • the investment stage of the second insulation body is applied to the outer electrode body.
  • create or “plant” may mean that the said components touch each other and thereby mechanically in contact, but preferably not mechanically fixed to each other, so that the corresponding elements may have a certain margin.
  • the said distances can then also vary according to said clearance.
  • the first insulating body is formed like a ring and has a recess, wherein the first electrode extends into the recess.
  • the second insulating body is arranged axially offset from the first electrode.
  • the first insulating body defines the axial offset of the inner and outer electrode body from each other.
  • the first insulating body defines the radial distance of the inner electrode body from the first electrode.
  • the second insulating body defines the axial offset of the inner and outer electrode body.
  • the second insulating body defines the radial distance of the outer electrode body from the second electrode.
  • the insulation structure for example via the arrangement of the first insulation body and the second insulation body, defines the radial distance between the inner electrode body and the outer electrode body.
  • electrical insulation of the first electrode, the inner electrode body, the outer electrode body and the second electrode can advantageously be facilitated from one another.
  • the abovementioned configuration of the continuous gas discharge space can advantageously be achieved, with a gas-permeable connection being maintained between the individual partial spaces because in this way preferably no gas-tight separation of the subspaces of the gas discharge space takes place.
  • the distance of the first electrode from the inner electrode body, the distance of the inner electrode body from the outer electrode body and / or the distance of the outer electrode body from the second electrode are each between 0.5 mm and 0.8 mm.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an overvoltage protection element 100 in an exemplary embodiment.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 has a housing 20.
  • the housing 20 is preferably electrically insulating.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 is preferably provided for the protection of, for example, an electronic component (not explicitly shown) from overvoltages and set up accordingly.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 has a first electrode 1.
  • the first electrode 1 is preferably a central one Electrode or center electrode.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 furthermore has a main axis X, in which the first electrode 1 is arranged centrically.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 furthermore has a second electrode 2.
  • the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are preferably main electrodes of the overvoltage protection element 100.
  • the second electrode 2 is viewed in plan view of the overvoltage protection element 100 (cf. FIG. 2 ), concentric with the first electrode 1 or the first electrode 1 arranged circumferentially (see. FIG. 2 ).
  • the second electrode 2 is expediently furthermore insulated electrically from the first electrode 1.
  • the second electrode 2 is preferably designed annular.
  • the overvoltage protection element can have electrical connection contacts for electrical contacting of the first and second electrodes 1, 2, for example on an upper and lower side of the overvoltage protection element 100, which in FIG. 1 however, are not explicitly marked.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 furthermore has a gas discharge space 10.
  • the gas discharge space 10 is arranged between the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2.
  • the gas discharge space 10 is preferably formed or defined by an axial overlap of the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2.
  • the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are arranged axially offset from one another.
  • the intermediate electrode structure 3 has an axial region in which this with the first electrode 1, but not with the second electrode. 2 overlaps. Furthermore, the intermediate electrode structure 3 preferably has an axial region in which the intermediate electrode structure 3 overlaps with the second electrode 2, but not with the first electrode 1.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 furthermore has an intermediate electrode structure 3.
  • the interelectrode structure 3 is arranged in the gas discharge space 10.
  • the intermediate electrode structure 3 preferably runs around the first electrode 1 at a constant distance.
  • the intermediate electrode structure 3 comprises an inner electrode body 4.
  • the intermediate electrode structure 3 further comprises an outer electrode body 5.
  • the intermediate electrode structure 3 may have further, for example concentrically arranged and electrically separate, electrode bodies.
  • the inner electrode body 4 and the outer electrode body 5 are, viewed in plan view of the overvoltage protection element 100, preferably concentric with the first electrode 1 and / or the second electrode 2 or, for example, the first electrode 1 arranged circumferentially.
  • the inner electrode body 4 and the outer electrode body 5 are preferably also designed annular and expediently electrically isolated from each other.
  • the inner electrode body 4 and the outer electrode body 5 are further axially offset from each other, but arranged with an axial overlap to each other.
  • the first electrode 1, the inner electrode body 4, the outer electrode body 5 and the second electrode 2 are preferably arranged axially offset from one another in this order (from top to bottom in FIG. 1 ).
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 furthermore has an insulation structure 6.
  • the insulating structure 6 is arranged concentrically or coaxially with the first electrode 1.
  • the insulation structure 6 has a first insulation body 7.
  • the first insulating body 7 is designed like a ring.
  • the first insulating body 7 has a recess 17 into which the first electrode 1 extends.
  • the insulation structure 6 furthermore has a second insulation body 8.
  • the second insulating body 8 is arranged offset from the first electrode 1 in such a way that the said components do not axially overlap.
  • the inner electrode body 4 and the outer electrode body 5 of the inter-electrode structure 3 and the second electrode 2 are concentrically arranged around the first electrode 1 and axially offset therefrom.
  • the gas discharge space 10 is subdivided into a plurality of partial spaces 10A, 10B and 10C connected to one another in gas-permeable or gas-interactive fashion.
  • the first insulating body 7 has a radial contact surface 14, which borders the first insulating body 7 or the annular body thereof on an inner side. With the radial contact surface 14, the first insulating body 7 rests on a radial outer surface (not explicitly marked) of the first electrode 1.
  • the second insulating body 8 has a radial contact surface 13, which borders the second insulating body 8 on an outer side. With the radial contact surface 13 of the second insulating body 8 is located at a radial inner Surface (not explicitly marked) of the second electrode 2 at.
  • the first insulation body 7 also has an inner conditioning stage 15.
  • the contact stage 15 has a radial contact surface 11 and, in order to form the step, an axial bearing surface which is not explicitly marked.
  • the second insulation body 8 has an outer conditioning stage 16.
  • the plant stage 16 has a radial bearing surface 12 and, to form the step, also an axial bearing surface (not explicitly marked) on.
  • the insulation structure 6, in particular the first insulation body 7 and the second insulation body 8, preferably define the distances of the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the interelectrode structure 3 for electrical insulation of said components via said contact surfaces and contact stages.
  • the first insulating body 7 preferably defines the axial offset of the inner and outer electrode bodies 4, 5 and the radial spacing of the inner electrode body 4 from the first electrode 1 via the contact surfaces 11, 14 and / or the contact stages 15. Furthermore, the second insulating body 8 defines via the abutment surfaces 12, 13 and / or the abutment steps 16, the axial offset of the inner and the outer electrode body 4, 5 and the radial distance of the outer electrode body 5 from the second electrode. 2
  • the insulation structure 6 defines, for example via the arrangement of the first insulation body 7 and the second insulation body 8, the radial distance (in FIG FIG. 1 labeled A) of the inner electrode body 4 and the outer electrode body 5.
  • the inner electrode body 4 when the overvoltage protection element is assembled, the inner electrode body 4 can be inserted into and / or jammed with the first insulation body 7 or vice versa, so that the radial distance, for example for electrical insulation, between the inner electrode body 4 and the first electrode 1 is determined ,
  • the second insulating body 8 is preferably inserted into the annular second electrode 2 and the outer electrode body 8 arranged or applied to the contact stage 16 of the second insulating body 8, so that for the corresponding electrical insulation, for example, the radial distance of the outer electrode body 5 to the inner electrode body 4 and the second electrode 2 is defined or fixed.
  • the insulation structure 6 is preferably in contact with the first electrode 1, the intermediate electrode structure 3 and the second electrode 2 without being mechanically fixedly connected to said components.
  • the first electrode 1, the inner electrode body 4, the outer electrode body 5 and the second electrode 2 are preferably radially (ie horizontally in FIG FIG. 1 ) in the concentric arrangement equidistant from each other or arranged.
  • the stated equidistant distances can each be in the range of 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 and / or the said components thereof are at least substantially rotationally symmetrical, for example, to the main axis, designed.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a plan view of the overvoltage protection element 100, or to the first electrode 1, the second electrode 2 and the intermediate electrode structure 3. It is further shown a first, formed between the first electrode 1 and the intermediate electrode structure 3 arc L1. Furthermore, a second arc L2 formed between the intermediate electrode structure 3 and the second electrode 2 is shown.
  • the arcs may form as a result of an overvoltage applied, for example, between the electrodes 1, 2 to the overvoltage protection element 100. It is in FIG. 2 to recognize that the indicated by the arcs L1, L2 electrical current flows at a large angle - for example, greater than 90 ° C - are formed relative to each other. As a result, in particular the electrical resistance of the entire discharge path can be increased and, advantageously, a arc burning voltage of the overvoltage protection element 100 can be increased.
  • the overvoltage protection element 100 can not be concentric or coaxial as described above, but with a linear Arrangement, for example, the first electrode, the intermediate electrode structure and the second electrode, which can also take advantages of a larger arc voltage for the overvoltage protection element exploit.

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100), présentant une première électrode (1), une deuxième électrode (2) et une chambre de décharge de gaz (10), qui est agencée entre la première électrode (1) et la deuxième électrode (2),
    - l'élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) présentant une structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) qui est agencée dans la chambre de décharge de gaz (10) et isolée électriquement par rapport à la première et à la deuxième électrode (1, 2),
    - la structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) présentant une pluralité de corps d'électrodes (4, 5) en vue du dessus sur l'élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) et électriquement séparés les uns des autres,
    - la structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) présentant un corps d'électrode interne et un corps d'électrode externe (4, 5), le corps d'électrode interne et le corps d'électrode externe (4, 5) étant à chaque fois conçus de manière annulaire, caractérisé
    - en ce que le corps d'électrode interne et le corps d'électrode externe (4, 5) sont disposés de manière axialement décalée l'un par rapport à l'autre.
  2. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon la revendication 1, la première électrode (1) étant une électrode centrale et
    la deuxième électrode (2) et la structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) étant agencées à côté de la première électrode (1).
  3. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, la structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) entourant la première électrode (1) à une distance constante.
  4. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) divisant la chambre de décharge de gaz (10) en une pluralité d'espaces partiels (10A, 10B, 10C) reliés de manière perméable aux gaz les uns aux autres.
  5. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la première électrode (1), la structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) et la deuxième électrode (2) étant à chaque fois agencées de manière équidistante les unes par rapport aux autres.
  6. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la première et la deuxième électrode (1, 2) étant agencées de manière axialement décalée l'une par rapport à l'autre.
  7. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui présente une structure d'isolation (6), qui présente au moins une surface de butée radiale (13, 14) qui se place contre une surface radiale de la première et/ou de la deuxième électrode (1, 2).
  8. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon la revendication 7, la structure d'isolation (6) présentant un premier et un deuxième corps d'isolation (7, 8), chaque corps d'isolation (7, 8) étant un étage de butée (15, 16) pourvu d'une surface de butée radiale (11, 12) et d'une surface de butée axiale.
  9. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon la revendication 8, l'étage de butée (15) du premier corps d'isolation (7) se situant contre le corps d'électrode interne (4) et l'étage de butée (16) du deuxième corps d'isolation (8) se situant contre le corps d'électrode externe (5).
  10. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon la revendication 8 ou 9, le premier corps d'isolation (7) étant conçu de manière annulaire et présentant un évidement (17), la première électrode (1) s'étendant dans l'évidement (17) .
  11. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, le deuxième corps d'isolation (8) étant agencé de manière axialement décalée par rapport à la première électrode (1).
  12. Élément de protection contre les surtensions (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la structure d'électrode intermédiaire (3) provoquant un agrandissement de la tension de décharge d'arc suite à une surtension appliquée à l'élément de protection contre les surtensions (100).
EP15703057.8A 2014-02-25 2015-02-03 Élément de protection contre les surtensions Active EP3111521B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014102459.1A DE102014102459A1 (de) 2014-02-25 2014-02-25 Überspannungsschutzelement
PCT/EP2015/052171 WO2015128159A1 (fr) 2014-02-25 2015-02-03 Élément de protection contre les surtensions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3111521A1 EP3111521A1 (fr) 2017-01-04
EP3111521B1 true EP3111521B1 (fr) 2019-08-28

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US (1) US10211603B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3111521B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6218962B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN106030940B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014102459A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015128159A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
JP6218962B2 (ja) 2017-10-25
CN106030940B (zh) 2018-03-13
US10211603B2 (en) 2019-02-19
US20170077678A1 (en) 2017-03-16
WO2015128159A1 (fr) 2015-09-03
DE102014102459A1 (de) 2015-08-27
JP2017510943A (ja) 2017-04-13
EP3111521A1 (fr) 2017-01-04
CN106030940A (zh) 2016-10-12

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