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EP3182037B1 - Climatiseur d'air - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3182037B1
EP3182037B1 EP16202126.5A EP16202126A EP3182037B1 EP 3182037 B1 EP3182037 B1 EP 3182037B1 EP 16202126 A EP16202126 A EP 16202126A EP 3182037 B1 EP3182037 B1 EP 3182037B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
passage
electrically driven
compressor
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16202126.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3182037A1 (fr
Inventor
Tetsuya Masuda
Masaaki Nagai
Masaru Matsui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2016143974A external-priority patent/JP2017110896A/ja
Application filed by Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd filed Critical Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
Publication of EP3182037A1 publication Critical patent/EP3182037A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3182037B1 publication Critical patent/EP3182037B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
    • F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/025—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units
    • F25B2313/0253—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple outdoor units in parallel arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an air conditioner that includes an electrically driven outdoor unit including a compressor that is driven by electric power and a non-electrically driven outdoor unit including a compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source.
  • Some existing air conditioners include a plurality of outdoor units, which are connected in parallel to an inter-unit pipe extending from an indoor unit, and control the number of outdoor units that are operated and the rotation speeds of compressors of the outdoor units.
  • Examples of such air conditioners include a so-called “hybrid air conditioner” in which one of outdoor units includes a compressor that is driven by electric power and the other outdoor unit includes a compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source so that electric power usage can be leveled out (see, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 05-340624 ).
  • the hybrid air conditioner has advantages in that the basic electricity rate can be reduced and the energy risk can be diversified, compared with an air conditioner in which all compressors are driven by electric power. Based on such advantages, the following technology has been developed in order to maintain a high overall efficiency and to level out electric power usage: the rate of the operation of an electrically driven compressor to the operation of a non-electrically driven compressor is controlled in accordance with a combination of parameters, such as the load capacity of the non-electrically driven compressor, the load capacity of the electrically driven compressor, and the upper limit of electric power usage of the electrically driven compressor, (see, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2007-187342 ).
  • an air conditioning device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.
  • this known air conditioning device comprises a first heat exchanger, a first compressor that is driven by electric power, a first-second heat exchanger, a second-second heat exchanger, a second compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source, a fan that blows air from the second-second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a valve that is disposed in the pipe; and a controller that controls the valve to select one passage of the pipe, in which the refrigerant flows, from the group consisting of a first passage, a second passage, and a third passage, wherein the first heat exchanger, the first compressor, and the third heat exchanger are present in the first passage, the second compressor and the third heat exchanger are present in the second passage, the second passage includes a first portion and a second portion, the second passage branching to a first branch passage and a second branch passage at the first portion, the first branch passage and the second
  • the existing air conditioner stops the outdoor unit including a compressor that is driven by electric power and continues operating the outdoor unit including a compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source.
  • electricity demand is not at a peak, the air conditioner continues operating all of the outdoor units. Thus, electric power usage can be levelled out.
  • the outdoor unit including a compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source, such as a gas engine, is operated alone.
  • the reason for this is considered as follows.
  • the radiator for releasing the engine waste heat transfers heat to comparatively-high-temperature air, which has been heated by a refrigerant in a refrigerant heat exchanger of the outdoor unit. Therefore, the radiator cannot release a sufficient amount of heat, and the temperature of cooling water of the gas engine increases. As a result, the rotation speed of the gas engine has to be reduced, and desired air-conditioning performance cannot be achieved.
  • One non-limiting and exemplary embodiment provides an air conditioner in which a radiator can release a sufficient amount of heat even in a midsummer afternoon and that can level out electric power usage while maintaining high air-conditioning performance.
  • the techniques disclosed here feature an air conditioner as defined in claim 1 including a pipe in which a refrigerant flows; a first heat exchanger; a first compressor that is driven by electric power; a first-second heat exchanger; a second-second heat exchanger; a second compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source; a radiator that cools the non-electric driving source; a fan that blows air from the second-second heat exchanger toward the radiator; a third heat exchanger; a valve that is disposed in the pipe; and a controller that controls the valve to select one passage of the pipe, in which the refrigerant flows, from the group consisting of a first passage, a second passage, and a third passage.
  • the first heat exchanger, the first compressor, and the third heat exchanger are present in the first passage.
  • the second compressor and the third heat exchanger are present in the second passage.
  • the second passage includes a first portion and a second portion, the second passage branching to a first branch passage and a second branch passage at the first portion, the first branch passage and the second branch passage being combined with each other at the second portion.
  • the first-second heat exchanger is present in the first branch passage.
  • the second-second heat exchanger is present in the second branch passage.
  • the first-second heat exchanger, the second compressor, the first heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger are present in the third passage.
  • the third passage includes a connection passage that connects a point in the second branch passage with a point in the first passage.
  • the controller selects the third passage to allow a refrigerant discharged from the second compressor to flow through the connection passage and to cool the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger.
  • heat exchange between the refrigerant and external air is not performed in the second-second heat exchanger; and external air, whose temperature has not been increased, flows into the radiator that is disposed downstream of the second-second heat exchanger in the airflow direction.
  • the radiator can release a sufficient amount of heat from the cooling water.
  • the temperature of the cooling water of the non-electric driving source can be maintained at an appropriate temperature, even when the operation of the second compressor is continued.
  • the controller selects the third passage when electricity demand is at a peak, for example, in a midsummer afternoon, decrease of the rotation speed of the non-electric driving source due to increase in the temperature of the cooling water can be avoided and desired air-conditioning performance can be achieved.
  • an air conditioner as defined in claim 1 includes a pipe in which a refrigerant flows; a first heat exchanger; a first compressor that is driven by electric power; a first-second heat exchanger; a second-second heat exchanger; a second compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source; a radiator that cools the non-electric driving source; a fan that blows air from the second-second heat exchanger toward the radiator; a third heat exchanger; a valve that is disposed in the pipe; and a controller that controls the valve to select one passage of the pipe, in which the refrigerant flows, from the group consisting of a first passage, a second passage, and a third passage.
  • the first heat exchanger, the first compressor, and the third heat exchanger are present in the first passage.
  • the second compressor and the third heat exchanger are present in the second passage.
  • the second passage includes a first portion and a second portion, the second passage branching to a first branch passage and a second branch passage at the first portion, the first branch passage and the second branch passage being combined with each other at the second portion.
  • the first-second heat exchanger is present in the first branch passage.
  • the second-second heat exchanger is present in the second branch passage.
  • the first-second heat exchanger, the second compressor, the first heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger are present in the third passage.
  • the third passage includes a connection passage that connects a point in the second branch passage with a point in the first passage.
  • valve is disposed in the pipe and regulates the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing in the pipe.
  • the connection passage connects a point in the first passage with a point in the second branch passage that is positioned between the first portion and the second-second heat exchanger.
  • the compressor that is driven by electric power is stopped and the non-electrically driven outdoor unit including the compressor that is driven by the non-electric driving source is operated to continue an air-conditioning operation while suppressing electric power usage.
  • the controller selects the third passage
  • the refrigerant discharged from the second compressor can flow through the connection passage and can be cooled by the first heat exchanger.
  • heat exchange between the refrigerant and external air is not performed in the second-second heat exchanger, so that external air, whose temperature has not been increased, flows into the radiator that is disposed downstream of the second-second heat exchanger in the airflow direction. Accordingly, the radiator can release a sufficient amount of heat from the cooling water.
  • the temperature of the cooling water of the non-electric driving source can be maintained at an appropriate temperature even when the operation of the second compressor is continued. Therefore, decrease of the rotation speed of the non-electric driving source due to increase in the temperature of the cooling water can be avoided, and desired air-conditioning performance can be achieved.
  • valve includes a first valve that is positioned in the connection passage, and the controller opens the first valve to select the third passage.
  • the controller opens the first valve, which is positioned in the connection passage, to select the third passage, the refrigerant that is discharged from the second compressor can flow through the connection passage and can be cooled by the first heat exchanger.
  • first heat exchanger and the first compressor constitute an electrically driven outdoor unit
  • first-second heat exchanger, the second-second heat exchanger, and the second compressor constitute a non-electrically driven outdoor unit
  • the third heat exchanger constitutes an indoor unit
  • the electrically driven outdoor unit and the non-electrically driven outdoor unit, which are disposed outdoors, and the indoor unit, which is disposed indoors, constitute the air conditioner.
  • controller selects the third passage when the first compressor is stopped and the second compressor is operated.
  • the controller can select the third passage to reduce the inlet air temperature of the radiator that is disposed downstream of the second-second heat exchanger in the airflow direction. Therefore, the radiator can release a sufficient amount of heat from the cooling water of the non-electric driving source.
  • the valve includes a second valve that regulates a flow rate of the refrigerant flowing in the second-second heat exchanger, and the controller closes the second valve to select the third passage.
  • the second valve is positioned between the second portion and the second-second heat exchanger in the second branch passage.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the structure of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and the flow of a refrigerant during a cooling operation.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the structure of the air conditioner and the flow of the refrigerant during a heating operation.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the structure of the air conditioner and the flow of the refrigerant when, for example, electricity demand is at a peak.
  • the air conditioner according to the present embodiment includes two outdoor units and two indoor units, which are connected to each other.
  • the air conditioner includes an electrically driven outdoor unit 100, and a non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200.
  • the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 are connected in parallel to unit pipes extending from indoor units 300.
  • the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 includes an electrically driven compressor 101, which is an example of a first compressor that is driven by electric power.
  • An oil separator 102 is disposed in a discharge pipe of the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • the oil separator 102 separates oil from a refrigerant gas discharged from the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • the oil that is separated by the oil separator 102 is returned to a suction pipe of the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • a check valve 103 is disposed on the discharge side of the oil separator 102.
  • a four-way valve 104 is disposed on the downstream side of the check valve 103.
  • the check valve 103 which is disposed in a refrigerant pipe between the oil separator 102 and the four-way valve 104, prevents the refrigerant from flowing backward from the four-way valve 104 toward the discharge side of the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • the four-way valve 104 is set in a state shown by solid lines during a cooling operation and in a state shown by broken lines during a heating operation to reverse the flow of the refrigerant.
  • An outdoor heat exchanger 105 which is an example of a first heat exchanger, is disposed between the four-way valve 104 and the indoor units 300.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 105 releases heat of the refrigerant to the outside in a cooling operation and absorbs heat of external air in a heating operation by using an outdoor fan (not shown).
  • a decompressor 106 which regulates the pressure and the flow rate of the refrigerant, is disposed between the outdoor heat exchanger 105 and the indoor units 300.
  • An accumulator 107 is disposed on the suction side of the electrically driven compressor 101. A gas refrigerant is supplied from the accumulator 107 to the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 includes a non-electrically driven compressor 201, which is an example of a second compressor that is driven by a non-electric driving source.
  • An oil separator 202 is disposed in a discharge pipe of the non-electrically driven compressor 201.
  • An outdoor heat exchanger 205a which is an example of a first-second heat exchanger
  • an outdoor heat exchanger 205b which is an example of a second-second heat exchanger, are disposed in parallel on the discharge side of the oil separator 202 via a four-way valve 204.
  • Decompressors 206a and 206b are disposed between the indoor units 300 and the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b.
  • the decompressor 206b functions as a second valve.
  • An accumulator 207 is disposed on the suction side of the non-electrically driven compressor 201.
  • the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 includes a gas engine 208, which is an example of a non-electric driving source.
  • a belt is looped over a pulley (not shown) of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and a pulley (not shown) of the gas engine 208, and the gas engine 208 drives the non-electrically driven compressor 201.
  • a radiator 209 is disposed downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 205b in the airflow direction.
  • the gas engine 208 and the radiator 209 are connected to each other through cooling water pipes 220, in which cooling water circulates.
  • An outdoor fan (not shown) blows air, which has passed through the outdoor heat exchanger 205b, through the radiator 209 to release heat from the cooling water flowing in the cooling water pipes 220.
  • the cooling water which has been cooled, is supplied to the gas engine 208 to cool the gas engine 208.
  • a waste-heat-recovery heat exchanger 210 and a waste-heat-recovery decompressor 211 are disposed near the radiator 209.
  • the waste-heat-recovery heat exchanger 210 is connected to the refrigerant pipe so as to be in parallel with the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b.
  • the waste-heat-recovery heat exchanger 210 is structured so that the refrigerant can absorb heat also from the engine cooling water during a heating operation.
  • a branch portion 212 which is an example of a first portion at which the discharge pipe branches, is disposed on the discharge side of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200.
  • the branch portion 212 branches to a first branch pipe 213, which constitutes a first branch passage, and a second branch pipe 214, which constitutes a second branch passage.
  • the first branch pipe 213 and the second branch pipe 214 are combined with each other at a combining portion 217, which is an example of a second portion.
  • the first branch pipe 213 and the second branch pipe 214 are respectively connected to the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b.
  • the second branch pipe 214 and a discharge pipe of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 are connected to each other through an outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216, which constitutes a connection passage.
  • Each of the indoor units 300 includes an indoor heat exchanger 301, which is an example of a third heat exchanger; an indoor blower fan 302; and an indoor decompressor 303, which expands the refrigerant.
  • a first passage is constituted by a passage including the electrically driven compressor 101 and the outdoor heat exchanger 105 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and the indoor heat exchangers 301 of the indoor units 300.
  • a second passage is constituted by a passage including the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 and the indoor heat exchangers 301 of the indoor units 300.
  • a third passage is constituted by a passage including the non-electrically driven compressor 201, the outdoor heat exchanger 205a, and the indoor heat exchangers 301; and a passage including the non-electrically driven compressor 201, the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216, the outdoor heat exchanger 105, and the indoor heat exchangers 301.
  • the air conditioner includes a controller 400.
  • the controller 400 controls the compressors 101 and 201; the decompressors 106, 206a, 206b, and 211; the on-off valve 215; the fans of the outdoor heat exchangers 105, 205a, and 205b; the indoor blower fan 302; and the like.
  • the controller 400 upon receiving instruction to reduce electric power usage when, for example, electricity demand is at a peak, the controller 400 stops the electrically driven compressor 101 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and operates only the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 to continue an air-conditioning operation. Moreover, the controller 400 opens the on-off valve 215, which is disposed in the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216, and closes the decompressor 206b.
  • the controller 400 may be any device having a control function.
  • the controller 400 includes a processor (not shown) and a storage unit (not shown) that stores a control program.
  • Examples of the processor include an MPU and a CPU.
  • Examples of the storage unit include a memory.
  • the controller 400 may be constituted by a single control circuit that performs intensive control or a plurality of control circuits that cooperatively perform distributed control.
  • the four-way valve 104 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 is set so as to allow a refrigerant to flow along the solid lines, and the refrigerant flows as indicated by solid-line arrows.
  • a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant which has been compressed by the electrically driven compressor 101, flows into the oil separator 102.
  • the oil separator 102 separates oil from the refrigerant, and the refrigerant passes through the check valve 103 and the four-way valve 104 and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 105.
  • the gas refrigerant exchanges heat with external air in the outdoor heat exchanger 105 to release heat and condenses into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the decompressor 106, is combined with a refrigerant in the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 in the inter-unit pipe, and is supplied to the indoor units 300.
  • the four-way valve 204 of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 is set so as to allow a refrigerant to flow along the solid lines.
  • a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant which has been compressed by the non-electrically driven compressor 201, flows into the oil separator 202.
  • the oil separator 202 separates oil from the refrigerant, and the refrigerant passes through the four-way valve 204 and flows into the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b.
  • the gas refrigerant exchanges heat with external air in the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b to release heat and condenses into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the decompressors 206a and 206b, is combined with a refrigerant in the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 in the inter-unit pipe, and is supplied to the indoor units 300.
  • the non-electrically driven compressor 201 of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 is driven by the gas engine 208, and the gas engine 208 generates waste heat.
  • engine cooling water which is cooled by the radiator 209, is circulated in the gas engine 208, and the engine cooling water flows through the cooling water pipes 220 and releases heat in the radiator 209.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant which has entered the indoor units 300, is decompressed by the indoor decompressors 303 to become a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant and flows into the indoor heat exchangers 301.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant absorbs heat by exchanging heat with air in a space to be air-conditioned, evaporates to become a gas refrigerant, and flows out of the indoor units 300.
  • the gas refrigerant which has flowed out of the indoor units 300, returns to the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200.
  • a part of the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 passes through the four-way valve 104 and the accumulator 107 and returns to the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • Another part of the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 passes through the four-way valve 204 and the accumulator 207 and returns to the non-electrically driven compressor 201.
  • the electrically driven compressor 101 and the non-electrically driven compressor 201 are operated, for example, as follows.
  • the controller 400 If the cooling load is smaller than the cooling capacity of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 when it is operated at the lowest operation frequency (the minimum cooling capacity of the non-electrically driven compressor 201), the controller 400 operates only the electrically driven compressor 101. This is because, in such a case, the air conditioner would perform an intermittent operation if only the non-electrically driven compressor 201 were operated.
  • the controller 400 selects and operates one of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the electrically driven compressor 101 whose operation cost or energy consumption, for example, is lower than the other.
  • the controller 400 operates both of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the electrically driven compressor 101 so as to minimize, for example, the operation cost or the energy consumption.
  • the operation frequencies of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the electrically driven compressor 101 for minimizing the operation cost or the energy consumption are determined by using the relationship between the operation frequency and the operation cost or the energy consumption of each of the compressors.
  • the ratio of a cooling load to be handled by the non-electrically driven compressor 201 to the entire cooling load is about ⁇ 15% of the ratio of the cooling capacity when only the non-electrically driven compressor 201 is operated at the highest operation frequency to the maximum cooling capacity when both of the compressors 101 and 201 are operated at the highest operation frequencies (the maximum cooling capacity when both of the compressors 101 and 201 are operated).
  • the four-way valve 104 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 is set so as to allow a refrigerant to flow along the broken lines, and the refrigerant flows as indicated by broken-line arrows.
  • a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant which has been compressed by the electrically driven compressor 101, flows into the oil separator 102.
  • the oil separator 102 separates oil from the refrigerant, and the refrigerant passes through the check valve 103 and the four-way valve 104 and flows out of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100.
  • the refrigerant is combined with a refrigerant in the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 in the inter-unit pipe, and is supplied to the indoor units 300.
  • the four-way valve 204 of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 is set so as to allow a refrigerant to flow along the dotted lines.
  • a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant which has been compressed by the non-electrically driven compressor 201, flows into the oil separator 202.
  • the oil separator 202 separates oil from the refrigerant, and the refrigerant passes through the four-way valve 204 and flows out of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200. Then, the refrigerant is combined with a refrigerant in the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 in the inter-unit pipe, and is supplied to the indoor units 300.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant which has entered the indoor units 300, flows into the indoor heat exchangers 301.
  • the high-temperature high-pressure gas refrigerant releases heat by exchanging heat with air in a space to be air-conditioned, condenses to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant, passes through the indoor decompressors 303, and flows out of the indoor units 300.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant which has flowed out of the indoor units 300, returns to the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200.
  • the high-pressure liquid refrigerant which has flowed into the electrically driven outdoor unit 100, is decompressed by the decompressor 106 to become a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 105.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant exchanges heat with external air in the outdoor heat exchanger 105 and evaporates, passes through the four-way valve 104 and the accumulator 107, and returns to the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • a part of the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 is decompressed by the decompressors 206a and 206b to become a gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant, and flows into the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b and the waste-heat-recovery heat exchanger 210.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant exchanges heat with external air.
  • the waste-heat-recovery heat exchanger 210 the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant exchanges heat with high-temperature cooling water that has been used to cool the gas engine 208.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant absorbs heat and evaporates, passes through the four-way valve 204 and the accumulator 207, and returns to the non-electrically driven compressor 201.
  • the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the electrically driven compressor 101 are operated, for example, as follows.
  • the controller 400 If the heating load is smaller than the heating capacity of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 when it is operated at the lowest operation frequency (the minimum heating capacity of the non-electrically driven compressor 201), the controller 400 operates only the electrically driven compressor 101. This is because the air conditioner would perform an intermittent operation if only the non-electrically driven compressor 201 were operated.
  • the controller 400 selects and operates one of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the electrically driven compressor 101 whose operation cost or energy consumption, for example, is lower than the other.
  • the controller 400 operates both of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the electrically driven compressor 101 so as to minimize, for example, the operation cost or the energy consumption.
  • the operation frequencies of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the electrically driven compressor 101 for minimizing the operation cost or the energy consumption are determined by using the relationship between the operation frequency and the operation cost or the energy consumption of each of the compressors.
  • the ratio of a heating load to be handled by the non-electrically driven compressor 201 to the entire heating load is about ⁇ 15% of the ratio of the heating capacity when only the non-electrically driven compressor 201 is operated at the highest operation frequency to the maximum heating capacity when both of the compressors 101 and 201 are operated at the highest operation frequencies (the maximum heating capacity when both of the compressors 101 and 201 are operated).
  • the controller 400 monitors the occurrence of frosting of the outdoor heat exchangers 105, 205a, and 205b. If frosting is likely to occur, even if the operation frequencies of the electrically driven compressor 101 and the non-electrically driven compressor 201 have been set so as to minimize the operation cost or the energy consumption, the controller 400 increases the operation frequency of the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and decreases the operation frequency of the electrically driven compressor 101.
  • the waste-heat-recovery heat exchanger 210 can evaporate a larger amount of refrigerant; the amount of refrigerant that flows through the outdoor heat exchangers 105, 205a, and 205b can be reduced; and the probability of the occurrence of frosting can be reduced.
  • the controller 400 Upon receiving instruction to reduce electric power usage when, for example, electricity demand is at a peak, the controller 400 stops the electrically driven compressor 101 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and operates only the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 to continue a cooling operation. Moreover, the controller 400 opens the on-off valve 215, which is disposed in the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216, and closes the decompressor 206b.
  • a refrigerant discharged from the non-electrically driven compressor 201 of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 branches at the branch portion 212.
  • a part of the refrigerant flows to the first branch pipe 213 and is cooled by the outdoor heat exchanger 205a.
  • Another part of the refrigerant flows to the second branch pipe 214, passes through the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216, is combined at the combining portion 217, and is cooled by the outdoor heat exchanger 105 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100.
  • the decompressor 206b of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 has been closed, the refrigerant does not flow to the outdoor heat exchanger 205b, which is positioned upstream of the radiator 209 in the airflow direction.
  • the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 includes the check valve 103, the refrigerant that has flowed into the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 through the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216 does not flow to the electrically driven compressor 101 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 but flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 105.
  • controller 400 stops only the electrically driven compressor 101 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and continues the operation of an outdoor fan (not shown) of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100.
  • the refrigerant which is discharged from the non-electrically driven compressor 201 of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200, releases heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 205a of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 and the outdoor heat exchanger 105 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and becomes a high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • a refrigerant that has been discharged from the non-electrically driven compressor 201 flows in parallel to the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200, in which the non-electrically driven compressor 201 is operating, and heat exchange is performed.
  • the refrigerant does not flow to the outdoor heat exchanger 205b, which is positioned upstream of the radiator 209 in the airflow direction.
  • the refrigerant flows to the outdoor heat exchanger 105 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100, in which the electrically driven compressor 101 has been stopped.
  • the inlet air temperature of the radiator 209 which is disposed downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 205b of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 in the airflow direction, is reduced as compared with a case where the refrigerant and air exchange heat in the outdoor heat exchanger 205b. Accordingly, the radiator 209 can release a sufficient amount of heat from the engine cooling water.
  • the temperature of the engine cooling water can be maintained at an appropriate temperature even when the operation of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 is continued. Therefore, decrease of the rotation speed of the gas engine 208 due to increase in the temperature of the engine cooling water can be avoided, and desired air-conditioning performance can be achieved.
  • the air conditioner includes the outdoor heat exchanger 105 (first heat exchanger); the electrically driven compressor 101 (first compressor) that is driven by electric power; the outdoor heat exchanger 205a (first-second heat exchanger); the outdoor heat exchanger 205b (second-second heat exchanger); the non-electrically driven compressor 201 (second compressor) that is driven by a non-electric driving source; the radiator 209 that cools the non-electric driving source; a fan that blows air from the outdoor heat exchanger 205b toward the radiator 209; the indoor heat exchangers 301 (third heat exchanger); the on-off valve 215 (valve) that is disposed in the pipe; and the controller 400 that controls the on-off valve 215 to select one passage of the pipe, in which the refrigerant flows, from the group consisting of the first passage, the second passage, and the third passage.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 105, the electrically driven compressor 101, and the indoor heat exchangers 301 are present in the first passage.
  • the non-electrically driven compressor 201 and the indoor heat exchangers 301 are present in the second passage.
  • the second passage includes the branch portion 212 (first portion) and the combining portion 217 (second portion), the second passage branching to the first branch pipe 213 (first branch passage) and the second branch pipe 214 (second branch passage) at the branch portion 212, the first branch pipe 213 and the second branch pipe 214 being combined with each other at the combining portion 217.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 205a is present in the first branch pipe 213.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 205b is present in the second branch pipe 214.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 205a, the non-electrically driven compressor 201, the outdoor heat exchanger 105, and the indoor heat exchangers 301 are present in the third passage.
  • the third passage includes the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216 (connection passage) that connects a point in the second branch pipe 214 with a point in the first passage.
  • the controller 400 selects the third passage, the refrigerant discharged from the non-electrically driven compressor 201 can be cooled by the outdoor heat exchanger 105 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100.
  • heat exchange between the refrigerant and external air is not performed in the outdoor heat exchanger 205b, so that external air, whose temperature has not been increased, flows into the radiator 209, which is disposed downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 205b in the airflow direction. Accordingly, the radiator 209 can release a sufficient amount of heat from the engine cooling water.
  • the temperature of the engine cooling water can be maintained at an appropriate temperature even when the operation of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 is continued. Therefore, decrease of the rotation speed of the gas engine 208 due to increase in the temperature of the engine cooling water can be avoided, and desired air-conditioning performance can be achieved.
  • the on-off valve 215 (first valve) is disposed in the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216, and the controller 400 opens the on-off valve 215 to select the third passage.
  • the controller 400 opens the on-off valve 215, which is positioned in the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216, to select the third passage, the refrigerant that is discharged from the non-electrically driven compressor 201 can flow through the outdoor heat-exchange connection pipe 216 and can be cooled by the outdoor heat exchanger 105 of the electrically driven outdoor unit 100.
  • the decompressor 206b (second valve) regulates the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 205b, and the controller 400 closes the decompressor 206b to select the third passage.
  • the controller 400 closes the decompressor 206b to select the third passage, the refrigerant that is discharged from the non-electrically driven compressor 201 does not flow to the outdoor heat exchanger 205b.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 105 and the electrically driven compressor 101 constitute the electrically driven outdoor unit 100;
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 205a, the outdoor heat exchanger 205b, and the non-electrically driven compressor 201 constitute the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200;
  • the indoor heat exchangers 301 constitute of the indoor units 300.
  • the electrically driven outdoor unit 100 and the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 which are disposed outdoors, and the indoor units 300, which are disposed indoors, constitute the air conditioner.
  • the controller 400 selects the third passage when the electrically driven compressor 101 is stopped and only the non-electrically driven compressor 201 is operated.
  • the controller 400 can select the third passage to reduce the inlet air temperature of the radiator 209, which is disposed downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 205b in the airflow direction. Accordingly, the radiator 209 can release a sufficient amount of heat from the engine cooling water.
  • the radiator 209 is disposed downstream of the outdoor heat exchanger 205b of the non-electrically driven outdoor unit 200 in the airflow direction.
  • the radiator 209 may be disposed downstream of both of the outdoor heat exchangers 205a and 205b in the airflow direction.
  • the air conditioner according to the present disclosure can be effectively used as an air conditioner that can perform a continuous operation while maintaining desired air-conditioning performance and leveling out electric power usage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)

Claims (2)

  1. Climatiseur d'air comprenant:
    un tuyau dans lequel s'écoule un fluide frigorigène;
    un premier échangeur de chaleur (105);
    un premier compresseur (101) qui est entraîné par énergie électrique;
    un premier deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205a);
    un deuxième deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205b);
    un deuxième compresseur (201) qui est entraîné par une source d'entraînement non électrique (208);
    un ventilateur;
    un troisième échangeur de chaleur (301);
    une soupape qui est disposée dans le tuyau; et
    un dispositif de commande (400), dans lequel
    le premier échangeur de chaleur (105) et le premier compresseur (101)
    constituent une unité extérieure à entraînement électrique (100),
    le premier deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205a), le deuxième deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205b) et le deuxième compresseur (201) constituent une unité extérieure à entraînement non électrique (200), et
    le troisième échangeur de chaleur (301) constitue une unité intérieure (300), dans lequel
    le premier échangeur de chaleur (105), le premier compresseur (101) et le troisième échangeur de chaleur (301) sont présents dans un premier passage,
    le deuxième compresseur (201) et le troisième échangeur de chaleur (301) sont présents dans un deuxième passage,
    le deuxième passage comprend une première partie (212) et une deuxième partie (217), le deuxième passage se ramifiant vers un premier passage de dérivation (213) et un deuxième passage de dérivation (214) au niveau de la première partie (212), le premier passage de dérivation (213) et le deuxième passage de dérivation (214) étant combinés l'un à l'autre au niveau de la deuxième partie (217),
    le premier deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205a) est présent dans le premier passage de dérivation (213),
    le deuxième deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205b) est présent dans le deuxième passage de dérivation (214),
    le premier deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205a), le deuxième compresseur (201), le premier échangeur de chaleur (105) et le troisième échangeur de chaleur (301) sont présents dans un troisième passage, et
    le troisième passage comprend un passage de raccordement (216) qui relie un point dans le deuxième passage de dérivation (214) avec un point dans le premier passage, caractérisé en ce que le climatiseur d'air comprend en outre un radiateur (209) qui refroidit la source d'entraînement non électrique (208),
    dans lequel le ventilateur souffle de l'air du deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205b) vers le radiateur (209),
    le deuxième deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205b) est positionné en amont du radiateur (209) dans le flux d'air,
    la soupape comprend une première soupape (215) qui est positionnée dans le passage de raccordement (216), et
    le dispositif de commande (400) est configuré pour commander la soupape pour sélectionner un passage du tuyau, dans lequel s'écoule le fluide frigorigène, dans le groupe constitué par le premier passage, le deuxième passage et le troisième passage, pour ensuite ouvrir la première soupape (215) pour sélectionner le troisième passage, et pour sélectionner le troisième passage lorsque le premier compresseur (101) est arrêté et le deuxième compresseur (201) est actionné.
  2. Climatiseur d'air selon la revendication 1, dans lequel
    la soupape comprend une deuxième soupape (206b) qui régule un débit du fluide frigorigène s'écoulant dans le deuxième deuxième échangeur de chaleur (205b), et
    le dispositif de commande (400) est configuré pour fermer la deuxième soupape (206b) pour sélectionner le troisième passage.
EP16202126.5A 2015-12-14 2016-12-05 Climatiseur d'air Active EP3182037B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015242812 2015-12-14
JP2016143974A JP2017110896A (ja) 2015-12-14 2016-07-22 空気調和装置

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3182037A1 EP3182037A1 (fr) 2017-06-21
EP3182037B1 true EP3182037B1 (fr) 2018-10-24

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EP (1) EP3182037B1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3011543B2 (ja) 1992-06-04 2000-02-21 三洋電機株式会社 空気調和装置
JP5030344B2 (ja) * 2001-08-31 2012-09-19 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスヒートポンプ式空気調和装置、エンジン冷却水加熱装置及びガスヒートポンプ式空気調和装置の運転方法
JP3973441B2 (ja) * 2002-02-08 2007-09-12 三洋電機株式会社 空気調和装置
US20070012058A1 (en) * 2005-07-12 2007-01-18 Lg Electronics Inc. Cogeneration system
JP4951976B2 (ja) 2006-01-11 2012-06-13 ダイキン工業株式会社 空気調和機群制御装置
US9046284B2 (en) * 2011-09-30 2015-06-02 Fujitsu General Limited Air conditioning apparatus
JP6229159B2 (ja) * 2014-02-14 2017-11-15 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 空気調和機
WO2015122171A1 (fr) * 2014-02-14 2015-08-20 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Dispositif de climatisation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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