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EP3163093B1 - Éjecteur à vide élevé - Google Patents

Éjecteur à vide élevé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3163093B1
EP3163093B1 EP15192314.1A EP15192314A EP3163093B1 EP 3163093 B1 EP3163093 B1 EP 3163093B1 EP 15192314 A EP15192314 A EP 15192314A EP 3163093 B1 EP3163093 B1 EP 3163093B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
air
nozzle
drive
expansion nozzle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15192314.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3163093A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Tell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Piab AB
Original Assignee
Piab AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Piab AB filed Critical Piab AB
Priority to EP15192314.1A priority Critical patent/EP3163093B1/fr
Priority to US15/293,099 priority patent/US20170122342A1/en
Priority to JP2016203360A priority patent/JP6821383B2/ja
Priority to CN201610968182.0A priority patent/CN106895031B/zh
Publication of EP3163093A1 publication Critical patent/EP3163093A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3163093B1 publication Critical patent/EP3163093B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/467—Arrangements of nozzles with a plurality of nozzles arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F04F5/20—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for evacuating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F04F5/20—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for evacuating
    • F04F5/22—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids for evacuating of multi-stage type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/36—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid characterised by using specific inducing fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/54—Installations characterised by use of jet pumps, e.g. combinations of two or more jet pumps of different type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ejector for generating a vacuum from a flow of compressed air.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of generating a vacuum from a flow of compressed air.
  • Vacuum pumps which use a source of compressed air (or other high-pressure fluid) in order to generate a negative pressure or vacuum in a surrounding space.
  • Compressed-air driven ejectors operate by accelerating the high pressure air through a drive nozzle and ejecting it as an air jet at high-speed across a gap between the drive nozzle and an outlet flow passage or nozzle. Fluid medium in the surrounding space between the drive nozzle and outlet nozzle is entrained into the high-speed flow of compressed air, and the jet flow of entrained medium and air originating from the compressed-air source is ejected through the outlet nozzle. As the fluid in the space between the drive and outlet nozzles is ejected in this way, a negative pressure or vacuum is created in the volume surrounding the air jet which this fluid or medium previously occupied.
  • the nozzles in the vacuum ejector may be tailored either to produce a high-volume flow, but not to obtain as high a negative pressure (i.e., the absolute pressure will not fall as low), or to obtain a higher negative pressure (i.e., the absolute pressure will be lower), but without achieving as high a volume flow rate.
  • any individual pair of a drive nozzle and outlet nozzle will be tailored either towards producing a high-volume flow rate or cut achieving a high negative pressure.
  • a high negative pressure is desirable in order to generate the maximum pressure differential with ambient pressure, and so generate the maximum suction forces which can be applied by the negative pressure, for example lifting applications.
  • a high-volume flow rate is necessary in order to ensure that a volume to be evacuated can be emptied sufficiently quickly to allow for repetitive actuation of the associated vacuum device, or equally in order to convey a sufficient volume of material, in vacuum conveyor applications.
  • multi-stage ejectors which comprise three or more nozzles arranged in series within a housing, each adjacent pair of nozzles in the series defining a respective stage across which a negative pressure is generated in the gap between the adjacent two nozzles.
  • any individual pair of nozzles in the series may be tailored either towards producing a high-volume flow rate or achieving a high negative pressure, for a given source of compressed air.
  • the earliest stages produce the highest levels of negative pressure, i.e., the lowest absolute pressures, whilst the subsequent stages provide successively lower negative pressure levels, i.e., higher absolute pressures, but increase the overall volume throughput of the ejector device.
  • the successive stages are typically connected to a common collection chamber, whilst valves are provided to each successive stage, at least after the first, drive stage, so that the subsequent stages can be closed off from the collection chamber once the negative pressure in that chamber has been reduced below the negative pressure which the second and subsequent stages are able to generate.
  • the drive stage is so-called because it is the only stage connected to the source of pressurised fluid (compressed air), and so drives the flow of pressurised fluid through all of the subsequent stages and nozzles in the series, before the drive fluid and entrained fluid is ejected from the vacuum ejector.
  • the series of nozzles present a through-channel with gradually increasing sectional opening area, through which the stream of high-speed fluid is fed in order to entrain air or other medium in the surrounding volume into the high-speed jet flow.
  • the nozzles between each stage form the outlet nozzle of one stage and the inlet nozzle of the next stage, and are configured to successively accelerate the flow of air and other medium in order to direct a high-speed jet of the fluid across each successive stage.
  • multi-stage ejectors of the present type are typically driven by compressed air, and most usually are used to entrain air as the medium to be evacuated from the volume surrounding the jet flow through each gap in the series of nozzles, across the respective stages.
  • the series of nozzles in a coaxial arrangement within a substantially cylindrical housing which incorporates a series of suction ports therein in communication with each stage of the ejector, the suction ports being provided with suitable valve members for selectively communicating each stage with a surrounding volume of air.
  • the cylindrical body is formed as a so-called ejector cartridge, which, when installed inside a housing module, or within a suitably dimensioned bore hole, can be used to evacuate the surrounding chamber, which is in turn fluidly coupled to the vacuum device to which the negative pressure is to be applied.
  • the ejector cartridge 1 comprises four jet-shaped nozzles 2, 3, 4 and 5 which define a through-channel 6 with gradually increasing cross-sectional opening area.
  • the nozzles are arranged end-to-end in series with respective slots 7, 8 and 9 between them.
  • the nozzles 2, 3, 4 and 5 are formed in respective nozzle bodies, which are designed to be assembled together to form an integrated nozzle body 1. Through openings 10 are arranged in the wall of the nozzle body, to provide flow communication with an outer surrounding space.
  • the ejector cartridge 1 may be mounted within a bore hole or housing, in which the outer surrounding space corresponds to a chamber V to be evacuated.
  • Each of the through openings 10 is provided with a valve member 11 in order to selectively permit the flow of air or other fluid from the surrounding space V into the space or chamber between each adjacent pair of nozzles.
  • the ejector cartridge 1 has been mounted in a machine component 20, in which the bore hole has been drilled or otherwise formed.
  • the ejector cartridge 1 extends from an inlet chamber i to an outlet chamber u, and is arranged to evacuate the three separate chambers constituting the outer surrounding space V, each of which is separated from the adjacent chamber by an O-ring 22.
  • each of the chambers constituting the outer surrounding space V is connected to a common collection chamber or suction port, in order to apply the generated negative pressure to an associated vacuum-operated device, such as a suction cup.
  • multi-stage ejector arrangements are beneficial in providing both a high-volume flow rate and a high level of negative pressure, there is necessarily still some degree of compromise in the design of each successive stage in the ejector, in order to obtain an overall desired performance characteristic for the multi-stage ejector as a whole. Accordingly, it has also been proposed to provide a further so-called booster nozzle, provided in parallel with the drive nozzle of the multi-stage ejector, where the booster nozzle is specifically designed to obtain the highest possible level of vacuum, but does not form part of the series of coaxially arranged nozzles which make up the multi-stage ejector.
  • the booster nozzle can be configured to obtain the highest possible level of vacuum, whilst the parallel multi-stage ejector nozzle series can be arranged to obtain a high-volume throughput, which enables a high negative pressure (low absolute pressure) to be obtained within the volume to be evacuated within an acceptably short period of time.
  • An additional pair of nozzles 24 and 25 is provided in parallel to the drive nozzle 12 of the multi-stage ejector, and is arranged in a separate booster chamber 4, connected to the collecting chamber 16 via a port 17.
  • the booster stage is comprised of a pair of nozzles 24 and 25, with the inlet nozzle 24 being connected, together with the drive nozzle 12 of the multi-stage ejector, to the inlet chamber 3, which is supplied with compressed air.
  • the pair of nozzles 24 and 25 across the booster stage serves to generate the highest possible vacuum (lowest negative pressure) in the booster chamber 4.
  • the jet of compressed air which is generated by the nozzle 24 is ejected out of the booster stage through nozzle 25, into the same chamber 5 across which the drive nozzle 12 propels the drive jet of compressed air.
  • the air expelled out of the booster stage is entrained into the drive jet flow to be expelled from the multi-stage ejector. Furthermore, the vacuum generated by the drive stage of the multi-stage ejector is applied to the exit of nozzle 25, so that the pressure differential across the booster stage is increased whereby the vacuum level which can be generated by the booster stage can be increased, i.e., the absolute pressure which can be obtained is reduced.
  • the series of nozzles 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the multi-stage ejector is able to produce a high volume flow rate so as quickly to generate a vacuum to a low absolute pressure in the collecting chamber 16 within a short period of time by entraining fluid from each of the chambers 5, 6 and 7 and the collecting chamber 16 into the jet streams formed by each successive stage of the ejector.
  • the booster stage functions in parallel to the multi-stage ejector, but typically produces a low volume flow rate, and so does not contribute significantly to the initial vacuum formation process.
  • the associated valve members 23, 22 and 21 will close in turn, as the pressure in the vacuum collecting chamber 16 drops below the pressure in the associated chamber 7, 6 or 5, respectively.
  • the pressure in the collection chamber 16 will fall below the lowest pressure that any of the stages of the multi-stage ejector is able to generate, so that all of the valves are closed, and all further evacuation will then be done by the booster stage, which provides suction to the collection chamber 16 via suction port 17.
  • Such multi-stage ejectors and ejector cartridges as described above have found commercial success in a number of different industries, and in particular in the manufacturing industry, where such vacuum ejectors may be connected to suction cups and used for picking and placing components during an assembly process.
  • US 4,807,814 discloses a pneumatic powder ejector. However, US 4,807,814 does not disclose an ejector with a first section having a first section expansion nozzle.
  • GB 790,459 discloses injector devices which serve to charge steam accumulators or to directly heat liquids by means of steam. However, GB 790,459 does not disclose an ejector having a drive nozzle arranged to accelerate compressed air for generating a drive jet of air from a flow of compressed air, wherein an inlet flow section of the drive nozzle has a converging section and an outlet flow section of the drive nozzle has a diverging section.
  • WO 2013/174240 A1 discloses a combined jet with multiple pipes.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an improved ejector capable of providing high vacuum levels whilst having a small footprint. It is also an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for generating a vacuum from a flow of compressed air.
  • an ejector for generating a vacuum comprising a first stage.
  • the first stage comprises a drive nozzle and a ring drive nozzle.
  • the drive nozzle is for generating a drive jet of air from a flow of compressed air and directing the drive jet of air into a first stage expansion nozzle in order to entrain air in a volume surrounding the drive jet of air into the jet flow to generate a vacuum across the first stage.
  • the ring drive nozzle is for generating a drive ring of air from the flow of compressed air and directing the drive ring of air onto the jet flow and the entrained air, and into an inlet of an exit expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air, and into the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle in order to accelerate the flow of air through the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the jet flow and the entrained air are evacuated from the first stage expansion nozzle at a higher rate.
  • the ejector comprises the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the jet flow and the entrained air are directed into the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the first stage expansion nozzle comprises a diverging section.
  • the diverging section of the first stage expansion nozzle diverges in a direction of airflow through the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the first stage expansion nozzle comprises a suction port across which the vacuum is generated.
  • the suction port is upstream, in the direction of the airflow through the first stage expansion nozzle, of where the drive jet of air enters into the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the first stage expansion nozzle comprises a converging section, the converging section of the first stage expansion nozzle converges in a direction of airflow through the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the first stage expansion nozzle comprises a straight section, the straight section of the first stage expansion nozzle is straight in a direction of airflow through the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the converging section, the straight section and the diverging section of the first stage expansion nozzle are arranged in this order along the direction of airflow through the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed over an outlet of the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed over and around an outlet of the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • an outlet section of the first stage expansion nozzle defines an outlet of the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the jet flow and the entrained air may be accelerated by the drive ring of air as soon as they exit the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring nozzle may be provided around the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the outlet of the first stage comprises an outlet of the first stage expansion nozzle and an outlet of the ring drive nozzle.
  • the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle defines a stepwise expansion in the diameters between an outlet of the first stage and the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • stepwise expansion in the diameters between an outlet of the first stage and the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle aids in the expansion of the flow of air through the exit expansion nozzle.
  • an inlet section of the exit expansion nozzle defines the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the inlet section of the exit expansion nozzle defines a stepwise expansion in the diameter of the inlet section.
  • stepwise expansion in the diameter of the inlet section aids in the expansion of the flow of air through the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the jet flow and the entrained air, and the drive ring of air exit the first stage at an outlet of the first stage.
  • an outlet of the first stage expansion nozzle, an outlet of the ring drive nozzle and the stepwise expansion in the diameters between the outlet of the first stage and the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle are aligned along a direction of airflow through the ejector.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air at the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle and in the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the jet flow and the entrained air, and the drive ring of air immediately enter the exit expansion nozzle after exiting the first stage.
  • the exit expansion nozzle comprises a diverging section.
  • the diverging section of the exit expansion nozzle diverges in a direction of airflow through the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air at least in the diverging section of the of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the diverging section of the exit expansion nozzle defines a stepwise expansion in the diameter of the diverging section.
  • the exit expansion nozzle defines a stepwise expansion in the diameter of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the stepwise expansion in diameter serves to trip the fluid flow in the exit expansion nozzle, so as to generate a turbulent outlet flow along the nozzle wall, thereby reducing the friction at the exit expansion nozzle and correspondingly improving the efficiency with which the ejector can generate a vacuum from a given flow of compressed air.
  • the exit expansion nozzle comprises a converging section.
  • the converging section of the exit expansion nozzle converges in a direction of airflow through the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the converging section is an inlet section of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air at least in the converging section of the of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the exit expansion nozzle comprises a straight section.
  • the straight section of the exit expansion nozzle is straight in a direction of airflow through the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air at least in the straight section of the of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air in the converging section and the straight section of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air in the converging section, the straight section and the diverging section of the exit expansion nozzle.
  • the converging section, the straight section and the diverging section of the exit expansion nozzle are arranged in this order along the direction of airflow through the exit expansion nozzle.
  • a method of generating a vacuum from a flow of compressed air comprises supplying the flow of compressed air to a drive nozzle to generate a drive jet of air.
  • the method comprises directing the drive jet of air into a first stage expansion nozzle.
  • the method comprises generating a vacuum by entraining air in a volume surrounding the drive jet of air into the jet flow.
  • the method comprises supplying the flow of compressed air to a ring drive nozzle to generate a drive ring of air.
  • the method comprises directing the drive ring of air onto the jet flow and the entrained air, and into an inlet of an exit expansion nozzle.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air, and into the inlet of the exit expansion nozzle in order to accelerate the flow of air through the first stage expansion nozzle.
  • Figures 1A and 1B show an embodiment of an ejector according to the present invention.
  • the embodiment of Figures 1A and 1B is configured as an ejector cartridge 100.
  • Such a cartridge is intended to be installed within an ejector housing module, or within a bore or chamber formed in an associated piece of equipment, which defines the volume to be evacuated by the ejector cartridge.
  • the ejector will be applicable to any gas as the drive fluid, and any gas as the fluid to be evacuated.
  • the drive fluid will have a primary direction of movement, or flow, through the ejector. This direction is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the ejector, shown horizontally in the drawings, and starting from the inlet 114. In the following, this direction will be referred as the direction of airflow.
  • Ejector cartridge 100 is a multi-section ejector having a first section 100A and a second section 100B. A vacuum may be generated across the first section 100A.
  • the first section 100A comprises a drive nozzle 120.
  • the drive nozzle 120 has an inlet flow section 121 and an outlet flow section 122.
  • the inlet flow section 121 is in fluid communication with an inlet 114 of the ejector cartridge 100 such that at least a portion of the compressed air supplied to the inlet 114 of the ejector cartridge 100 will be supplied to the inlet flow section 121 of the drive nozzle 120.
  • the drive nozzle 120 is arranged to accelerate compressed air supplied to the inlet flow section 121 of the drive nozzle 120, so as to direct a jet flow of high-speed air (referred to as a drive jet of air) out of the outlet flow section 122 of the drive nozzle 120.
  • the outlet flow section 122 of the drive nozzle 120 lies on the center axis CL of the ejector cartridge 100.
  • the flow of high-speed air is directed into a first section expansion nozzle 130 of the first section 100A.
  • the outlet flow section 122 of the drive nozzle 120 is disposed within the first section expansion nozzle 130. Accordingly, the jet of high-speed air exiting the outlet flow section 122 of the drive nozzle 120 is immediately within the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the first section expansion nozzle 130 has at least one suction port 131 and a diverging section 135.
  • the diverging section 135 of the first section expansion nozzle 130 defines an outlet 136 of the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the diverging section 135 of the first section expansion nozzle 130 is an outlet section of the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the at least one suction port 131, an outlet of the outlet flow section 122 and the outlet 136 are arranged in this order along the airflow direction.
  • the outlet 136 is downstream of the outlet of the outlet flow section 122, which is in turn downstream of the at least one suction port 131.
  • the first section expansion nozzle 130 has four suction ports 131, three of which can be taken from the figure, the fourth of which lying diametrically opposite the one facing the viewer.
  • the consumption and the feed pressure of the supplied compressed air can vary in accordance with ejector size and desired evacuation characteristics. For smaller ejectors, a consumption range from about 0.1 to about 0.2 Nl/s (normalized litres per second) at feed pressures of from about 0.4 to about 0.5 MPa will usually be sufficient, and large ejectors typically consume from about 2 to about 2.4 Nl/s at about 0.4 to about 0.5 MPa. Ranges in between for sizes in between are possible and common. Without wishing to be bound to these particular ranges, compressed air as used herein is to be understood to have such properties.
  • the first section 100A of the ejector cartridge 100 has a first housing 100A(a), a second housing 100A(b) and a third housing 100A(c), which together form a housing of the first section 100A.
  • the suction port 131 of the first section expansion nozzle 130 extends through the first housing 100A(a) and provides fluid communication between the inside of the first section expansion nozzle 130 and the outside of the ejector cartridge 100.
  • the first section 100A of the ejector cartridge 100 has a ring drive nozzle 140.
  • the ring drive nozzle 140 is formed from an outer surface of the first section expansion nozzle 130 and an inner surface of the housing of the first section 100A.
  • the ring drive nozzle 140 defines a substantially rotationally symmetric body, forming a body of revolution about the center axis CL.
  • the ring drive nozzle 140 has an inlet flow section 141 and an outlet flow section 142.
  • the inlet 114 of the ejector cartridge 100 is in fluid communication with both the inlet flow section 121 of the drive nozzle 120 and the inlet flow section 141 of the ring drive nozzle 140. Accordingly, a source of compressed air may supply compressed air into the inlet 114 of the ejector cartridge 100 so as to supply compressed air to both the inlet flow section 121 of drive nozzle 120 and the inlet flow section 141 of ring drive nozzle 140.
  • the ring drive nozzle 140 is arranged to accelerate compressed air supplied to the inlet flow section 141 of the ring drive nozzle 140, so as to direct a drive ring of air out of the outlet flow section 142 of the drive ring nozzle 140.
  • the drive ring of air is a ring of high-speed air.
  • the drive ring of air is driven into the second section 100B of the ejector cartridge 100.
  • the compressed air is supplied to the inlet flow section 141 of the ring drive nozzle 140 via the inlet 144 defined by a surface formed from the outer surface of the drive nozzle 120 together with an outer surface of the first section expansion nozzle 130, and an inner surface of the first housing 100A(a).
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air after the jet flow and the entrained air is driven out of the outlet 136 of the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air in the second section 100B of the ejector cartridge 100. As the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air, it may be possible to accelerate the flow of air through the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • An outlet of the outlet flow section 142 of the ring drive nozzle 140 defines an outlet 143 of the ring drive nozzle 140.
  • An outlet of the first section 100A comprises the outlet 136 of the first section expansion nozzle 130 and the outlet 143 of the ring drive nozzle 140. The air driven out of the outlet of the first section 100A is driven into the second section 100B.
  • the first section 100A is a drive section as it is the only section connected to the source of compressed air, and so drives the flow of compressed air through the subsequent section (second section 100B), before the fluid is ejected from the ejector cartridge 100. Moreover, as the at least one suction port 131 is provided in the first section 100A, a vacuum may be generated across the first section 100A.
  • the second section 100B of the ejector cartridge 100 has an exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the exit expansion nozzle 150 has an inlet section 151 which defines an inlet 152 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the exit expansion nozzle 150 has a first diverging section 155a and a second diverging section 155b which define a diverging section 155 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • both the first diverging section 155a and the second diverging section 155b have the same rate of divergence.
  • the diverging section 155 defines an outlet 157 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the outlet 157 is the outlet of the ejector cartridge 100.
  • the inlet 152 of the exit expansion nozzle 150 is an inlet of the second section 100B.
  • the air exiting the outlet of the first section 100A is directly introduced into the inlet 152 of the exit expansion nozzle 150 (i.e. the inlet of the second section 100A).
  • the air then passes through the exit expansion nozzle 150 and exits the ejector cartridge 100 via the outlet 157.
  • the second section 100B facilitates the mixing of the jet flow and the entrained air, and the drive ring of air. Furthermore, the second section 100B and may be configured such that the change from the flow and pressure conditions immediately after the first section 100A, to the expansion of the flow into ambient pressure, is less abrupt. This may improve the efficiency of the ejector cartridge 100.
  • the ejector cartridge 100 is formed as a substantially rotationally symmetric body, forming a body of revolution about the center axis CL, with the exception of the suction ports 131.
  • the suction ports 131 do not, strictly speaking, form bodies of revolution, they may be disposed with rotational symmetry about said axis of rotation CL, thus representing only minor discontinuities in what is otherwise a body of revolution about the center axis CL.
  • the ejector cartridge 100 is a substantially cylindrical ejector cartridge having a substantially circular cross-sectional shape along its length in the plane perpendicular to the center axis CL, i.e., perpendicular to the direction of airflow through the ejector cartridge 100.
  • CL center axis
  • a substantially cylindrical or tubular form is preferred for the ejector cartridge 100, since this permits the ejector cartridge 100 to be installed most easily within a bore hole or other ejector housing module, utilising appropriate seals such as the O-ring 112, shown in Figures 1A and 1B .
  • Figure 2 shows the drive nozzle 120 and the first section expansion nozzle 130 of the ejector cartridge 100, and the second housing 100A(b) of the first section 100A.
  • the drive nozzle 120 is arranged to accelerate compressed air supplied to the inlet flow section 121 so as to direct a jet flow of high-speed air out of the outlet flow section 122.
  • the drive nozzle 120 is a converging-diverging nozzle. Accordingly, the inlet flow section 121 of the drive nozzle 120 has a converging section and the outlet flow section 122 of the drive nozzle 120 has a diverging section.
  • the first section expansion nozzle 130 has a first straight section 132, a first converging section 133a, a second converging section 133b, a second straight section 134 and a diverging section 135 arranged in this order with respect to the direction of airflow.
  • the first converging section 133a and the second converging section 133b together form a converging section 133 of the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the first converging section 133a is more converging than the second converging section 133b.
  • the diverging section 135 defines an outlet 136 of the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the suction port 131 of the first section expansion nozzle 130 is formed in the first straight section 132 of the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • An outlet of the outlet flow section 122 of the drive nozzle 120 is disposed within the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the outlet of the outlet flow section 122 is disposed downstream of the suction port 131 of the first section expansion nozzle 130.
  • the outlet of the outlet flow section 122 is disposed such that the jet flow of high-speed air exiting the outlet flow section 122 is directed into the converging section 133 of the first section expansion nozzle 130. Accordingly, the outlet of the outlet flow section 122 is disposed upstream of the first converging section 133a.
  • the second straight section 134 is disposed between the converging section 133 and the diverging section 135.
  • the first section expansion nozzle 130 has at least one fixing element 137 which fixes the first section expansion nozzle 130 to the second housing 100A(b) and, in turn, to the first housing 100A(a) and the third housing 100A(c).
  • the at least one fixing element 137 extends through the channel formed from the outer surface of the first section expansion nozzle 130 and the inner surface of the second housing 100A(b).
  • the at least one fixing element 137 is configured such that the impedance to the flow in the channel is minimised.
  • the at least one fixing element 137 comprises a web of material.
  • the web of material may form a plane which has an axis parallel to the direction of airflow and a perpendicular axis perpendicular to the direction of airflow.
  • the at least one fixing element 137 comprises a sheet of material.
  • the sheet of material may form a plane which has an axis parallel to the direction of airflow and a perpendicular axis perpendicular to the direction of airflow.
  • the fixing elements 137 are disposed with rotational symmetry about the axis of rotation CL.
  • the first section expansion nozzle 130, the at least one fixing element 137 and the second housing 100A(b) are formed as a single entity.
  • Figure 3 shows parts of the first section expansion nozzle 130, ring drive nozzle 140 and exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the ring drive nozzle 140 is a converging-diverging nozzle. Accordingly, the inlet flow section 141 of the ring drive nozzle 140 has a converging section and the outlet flow section 142 of the ring drive nozzle 140 has a diverging section. The outlet flow section 142 of the ring drive nozzle 140 directs air over the diverging section 135 of the first section expansion nozzle 130. The drive ring of air exiting the outlet flow section 142 passes over the outlet 136 of the first section expansion nozzle 130. The drive ring of air immediately enters the inlet section 151 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the inlet section 151 is a converging section.
  • the outlet of the first section 100A comprises the outlet 136 of the first section expansion nozzle 130 and the outlet of the outlet flow section 142 of the ring drive nozzle 140.
  • the outlet of the first section 100A defines an outer outlet diameter.
  • the inlet 152 of the exit expansion nozzle 150 defines a stepwise expansion 160 between the outer outlet diameter of the first section 100A and the diameter of the inlet 152 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • outer outlet diameter of the first section 100A is smaller than the diameter of the inlet 152.
  • an outer diameter of the outlet of the outlet flow section 142 is smaller than the diameter of the inlet 152.
  • the outlet of the first section expansion nozzle 130, the outlet of the ring drive nozzle 140 and the stepwise expansion 160 are aligned along the direction of airflow through the ejector cartridge 100.
  • the inlet section 151, straight section 153, and diverging section 155 of the exit expansion nozzle 150 are arranged in this order with respect to the direction of airflow.
  • the diverging section 155 defines a stepwise expansion 156 in the diameter of the diverging section 155.
  • the stepwise expansion 156 in the diameter is formed part-way along the diverging section 155, in this example, nearer to the inlet section 151 of the exit expansion nozzle 150, rather than the outlet 157.
  • the first diverging section 155a of the exit expansion nozzle 150 extends from the straight section 153 with a divergence angle which may be substantially constant, up to the point where the stepwise expansion in diameter is provided at a sharp corner 156a.
  • the sharp corner 156a is defined by an undercut in the diverging section 155 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the wall of the diverging section 155 reverses direction to form the sharp corner 156a, where the wall changes from diverging whilst extending in an axial direction towards the outlet 157 of the exit expansion nozzle 150, to being diverging whilst extending in an axial direction towards the inlet section 151 of the exit expansion nozzle 150, for a short distance, before reversing back to again diverge whilst extending in the axial direction towards the outlet 157 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the last reversal back into a diverging shape is optional in that the second diverging section 155b as shown in the figures may initially, i.e.
  • a shape of the exit expansion nozzle 150 will be selected in accordance with the desired characteristics of the ejector, keeping in mind that the shape serves to render the change from the flow and pressure conditions in the exit expansion nozzle 150 to the expansion of the flow into ambient pressure less abrupt. In this manner, the design of the exit expansion nozzle can advantageously be used to influence pressure and flow rate conditions in the first section 100A. As a result, the skilled person will have greater freedom in designing the first section 100A of the ejector cartridge 100.
  • the stepwise expansion in diameter 156 can be measured by comparing the diameter Di immediately before the stepwise expansion 156, at the sharp corner 156a, with the diameter Do immediately after the stepwise expansion 156, which is radially in line with sharp corner 155a, but on the second diverging section 155b of the diverging section 155.
  • a stepwise change in diameter serves to trip the fluid flow in the diverging section 155 of the exit expansion nozzle 150, so as to generate a turbulent outlet flow along the nozzle wall, thereby reducing the friction at the outlet 156 of the exit expansion nozzle 150 and correspondingly improving the efficiency with which the ejector cartridge 100 can generate a vacuum from a given source of compressed air.
  • the ratio Di:Do is preferably between 5:6 and 5:8.
  • the ring drive nozzle 140 may be arranged in any manner as long as the drive ring of air is directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air, and into an inlet 152 of the exit expansion nozzle 150.
  • the ring drive nozzle 140 may not be formed from an outer surface of the first section expansion nozzle 130 and an inner surface of the housing of the first section 100A. Rather, the ring drive nozzle 140 may be formed from further elements.
  • the inlet 114 is in fluid communication with both the inlet flow section 121 of the drive nozzle 120 and the inlet flow section 141 of the ring drive nozzle 140.
  • a source of compressed air may supply compressed air into the inlet 114 of the ejector cartridge 100 so as to drive both the drive nozzle 120 and the ring drive nozzle 140.
  • a first source of compressed air is configured to supply a first compressed air to the inlet flow section 121 of the drive nozzle 120 and a second source of compressed air is configured to supply a second compressed air to the inlet flow section 141 of the ring drive nozzle 140.
  • stepwise expansions 156, 160 may be omitted in other embodiments.
  • the stepwise expansion 156 may be formed nearer the outlet 156 of the exit expansion nozzle 150, rather than the inlet section 152.
  • the exit expansion nozzle 150 may have any combination of: a converging section; a straight section 153; and a diverging section 155, arranged in any order.
  • the drive ring of air may be directed onto the jet flow and the entrained air in any of these sections or any combination of these sections.
  • the first section expansion nozzle 130 may have any combination of: a first straight section 132; a converging section 133; a second straight section 134; and a diverging section 135, arranged in any order.
  • the outlet of the outlet flow section 122 may be disposed such that the jet flow of high-speed air exiting the outlet flow section 122 is directed into any of these sections.
  • any reference to a converging section or a diverging section refers to a section which converges or diverges with respect to the direction of airflow, respectively. In other words, to a section in which the diameter decreases or increases with respect to the direction of airflow.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Ejecteur pour générer un vide comprenant :
    une première section (100A) incluant :
    une buse d'entraînement (120) agencée pour accélérer de l'air comprimé afin de générer un jet d'air d'entraînement à partir d'un flux d'air comprimé, dans lequel une section de flux d'entrée (121) de la buse d'entraînement a une section convergente et une section de flux de sortie (122) de la buse d'entraînement a une section divergente ;
    une buse d'expansion de première section (130) recevant le jet d'air d'entraînement de la buse d'entraînement afin d'entraîner de l'air dans un volume entourant le jet d'air d'entraînement dans le flux de jet afin de générer un vide en travers de la première section (100A) ; et
    une buse d'entraînement annulaire (140) pour générer un anneau d'air d'entraînement à partir du flux d'air comprimé et diriger l'anneau d'air d'entraînement sur le flux de jet et l'air entraîné ; et
    une seconde section (100B) incluant une buse d'expansion de sortie (150) qui reçoit le flux de jet, l'air entraîné et l'anneau d'air d'entraînement après sortie de la première section (100A).
  2. Ejecteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la buse d'expansion de première section (130) comprend une section divergente (135), la section divergente (135) de la buse d'expansion de première section (130) divergeant dans une direction de flux d'air à travers la buse d'expansion de première section (130).
  3. Ejecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'anneau d'air d'entraînement est dirigé sur une sortie (136) de la buse d'expansion de première section (130).
  4. Ejecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la sortie de la première section (100A) comprend une sortie (136) de la buse d'expansion de première section (130) et une sortie (143) de la buse d'entraînement annulaire (140).
  5. Ejecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'entrée (152) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) définit une expansion par paliers (160) des diamètres entre une sortie de la première section (100A) et l'entrée (152) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  6. Ejecteur selon la revendication 5, dans lequel une sortie (136) de la buse d'expansion de première section (130), une sortie (143) de la buse d'entraînement annulaire (140) et l'expansion par palier (160) des diamètres entre la sortie de la première section (100A) et l'entrée (152) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) sont alignées le long d'une direction de flux d'air à travers l'éjecteur (100).
  7. Ejecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'anneau d'air d'entraînement est dirigé sur le flux de jet et l'air entraîné au niveau de l'entrée (152) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  8. Ejecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) comprend une section divergente (155), la section divergente (155) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) divergeant dans une direction de flux d'air à travers la buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  9. Ejecteur selon la revendication 8, dans lequel l'anneau d'air d'entraînement est dirigé sur le flux de jet et l'air entraîné au moins dans la section divergente (155) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  10. Ejecteur selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel la section divergente (155) de la buse d'expansion de sortie définit une expansion par paliers dans le diamètre de la section divergente (155).
  11. Ejecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) comprend une section convergente, la section convergente de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) convergeant dans une direction de flux d'air à travers la buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  12. Ejecteur selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'anneau d'air d'entraînement est dirigé sur le flux de jet et l'air entraîné au moins dans la section convergente de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  13. Ejecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) comprend une section droite (153), la section droite (153) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) étant droite dans une direction de flux d'air à travers la buse d'expansion de sortie (150), et
    l'anneau d'air d'entraînement est de préférence dirigé sur le flux d'air et l'air entraîné au moins dans la section droite (153) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  14. Procédé de génération d'un vide à partir d'un flux d'air comprimé, comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    fournir un flux d'air comprimé à une buse d'entraînement (120) agencée pour accélérer l'air comprimé afin de générer un jet d'air d'entraînement ;
    diriger le jet d'air d'entraînement dans une buse d'expansion de première section (130) ;
    générer un vide par entraînement d'air dans un volume entourant le jet d'air d'entraînement dans le flux de jet ;
    fournir le flux d'air comprimé à une buse d'entraînement annulaire (140) pour générer un anneau d'air d'entraînement ;
    diriger l'anneau d'air d'entraînement sur le flux de jet et l'air entraîné, et
    diriger le flux de jet, l'air entraîné et l'anneau d'air d'entraînement dans une entrée (152) d'une buse d'expansion de sortie (150).
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel l'anneau d'air d'entraînement est dirigé sur le flux de jet et l'air entraîné, ainsi que dans l'entrée (152) de la buse d'expansion de sortie (150) afin d'accélérer le flux d'air à travers la buse d'expansion de première section (130).
EP15192314.1A 2015-10-30 2015-10-30 Éjecteur à vide élevé Active EP3163093B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15192314.1A EP3163093B1 (fr) 2015-10-30 2015-10-30 Éjecteur à vide élevé
US15/293,099 US20170122342A1 (en) 2015-10-30 2016-10-13 High Vacuum Ejector
JP2016203360A JP6821383B2 (ja) 2015-10-30 2016-10-17 高真空イジェクタ
CN201610968182.0A CN106895031B (zh) 2015-10-30 2016-10-28 高真空喷射器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15192314.1A EP3163093B1 (fr) 2015-10-30 2015-10-30 Éjecteur à vide élevé

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EP3163093A1 EP3163093A1 (fr) 2017-05-03
EP3163093B1 true EP3163093B1 (fr) 2020-06-17

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US (1) US20170122342A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3163093B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6821383B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN106895031B (fr)

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GB2509182A (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 Xerex Ab Vacuum ejector with multi-nozzle drive stage and booster
GB2509184A (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 Xerex Ab Multi-stage vacuum ejector with moulded nozzle having integral valve elements
CN105026772B (zh) 2012-12-21 2018-03-30 谢雷克斯公司 具有椭圆发散部分的真空喷射器管嘴
GB2509183A (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-25 Xerex Ab Vacuum ejector with tripped diverging exit flow nozzle
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CN108317108A (zh) * 2018-04-12 2018-07-24 微可为（厦门）真空科技有限公司 一种超音速真空管

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170122342A1 (en) 2017-05-04
JP6821383B2 (ja) 2021-01-27
CN106895031A (zh) 2017-06-27
CN106895031B (zh) 2021-01-22
JP2017082781A (ja) 2017-05-18
EP3163093A1 (fr) 2017-05-03

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