EP3155690A1 - Antenne plate de telecommunication par satellite - Google Patents
Antenne plate de telecommunication par satelliteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3155690A1 EP3155690A1 EP15729390.3A EP15729390A EP3155690A1 EP 3155690 A1 EP3155690 A1 EP 3155690A1 EP 15729390 A EP15729390 A EP 15729390A EP 3155690 A1 EP3155690 A1 EP 3155690A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiating
- line
- antenna
- flat
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005404 monopole Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
- H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
- H01P5/028—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between strip lines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/12—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of flat satellite telecommunication antennas.
- the invention is particularly suitable for aircraft.
- the invention finds a particularly advantageous application for transmitting and receiving data to or from a satellite, particularly for satellite communications of the Satcom type (acronym for satellite communication or "satellite communications" in English terminology).
- These telecommunication antennas comprise a plane surface comprising at least one radiating line capable of transmitting and receiving signals of a frequency determined according to the shape of the radiating line.
- the signals are transmitted and received in the direction of the satellite which can be detuned with respect to the normal direction of the antenna according to the movements of the carrier. More specifically, these antennas must point a highly directional beam within a cone of at least 60 ° half-angle so that the gain of the antenna remains sufficient to ensure the signal-to-noise ratio necessary for the quality of the link.
- a known solution to achieve this pointing is to use a flat antenna 100 as described in Figure 1.
- This flat antenna 100 extends in an xy plane on an outer wall 101 of an aircraft.
- Radial lines 102 of the flat antenna 100 emit and receive signals in a detented direction 103 at an angle ⁇ to the z direction normal to the surface of the flat antenna 100 in the plane perpendicular to the radiating lines 102 ( xoz).
- This depointage requires adjustment of the phase on each radiating line by means for example of programmable electronic phase shifters.
- the phase ⁇ , to be displayed on the line i to obtain a score in the direction a is given by the expression:
- the flat antenna 1 00 is moreover rotatable ⁇ about an orthonormal axis z with the xy axes.
- This first solution makes it possible to scan electronically all the pointing directions inside the cone.
- the direction of the pointing at a is variable with the wavelength ⁇ and does not allow simultaneous operation in two very different frequency bands such as Satcom band Ka for example (20GHz in reception, 30GHz in transmission).
- the Rotman lens is a known device which usually makes it possible to obtain a antenna radiating multiple beams in a plane.
- the lens is provided with N access each giving a beam in a given direction independent of the frequency.
- the angular sweep is obtained by switching between the N beams available.
- the lens is formed by the space between two parallel conductive planes
- the input network consists of fixed horns made as a waveguide radiating a polarization perpendicular to the metal planes.
- the output network may consist of monopole elements perpendicular to the metal planes and to collect the energy radiated by the cornets of the input network.
- the linear array of the radiating elements is fed via links (coaxial for example) of lengths such that the radiated wave is plane.
- US Pat. No. 8,284,102 discloses an electronic phase shifter comprising an electronic selector for a linear or curved source array.
- the focusing of the antenna is performed by internal reflector elements and dielectric or refractive focusing means.
- This second solution makes it possible to have a fixed flat antenna on the surface of an aircraft.
- this solution limits the number of directions that can point the antenna according to the number of linear sources.
- the implementation of a linear source network and electronic selection means increases the size of the flat antenna.
- the ROTMAN lens is conventionally connected by coaxial cables connected between the ROTMAN lens and the radiating lines of the antenna.
- the length of the coaxial cables is adapted to introduce a delay necessary for the focusing of the radiated wave by the radiating lines for each horn of the ROTMAN lens.
- These cables are, of course, equipped with connectors at each end.
- Such an antenna poses implementation problems when the antenna is designed to operate in the Ku or Ka high frequency bands.
- the length of the cables must be extremely precise to limit errors on the phase. For example, for an antenna operating at 30 GHz, an error of 0.2 mm in length of a coaxial cable induces a phase error of about 10 °.
- the size of the coaxial cable connectors limits the possibilities of implantation and the number of usable cones. For example, for an antenna operating at 30 GHz, the pitch of the radiating lines and outputs of the Rotman lens is close to 5mm.
- a 500mm diameter antenna operating at 30GHz has about 100 different cables, which has a negative impact on specifications and implementation steps.
- the present invention intends to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a fixed flat antenna provided with a mobile horn to sweep a large number of pointing directions of the antenna.
- the connections between the horn and the radiating plate are made by a multilayer supply circuit.
- the present invention relates to a satellite telecommunication flat antenna comprising a radiating plate comprising at least one radiating line, and an adaptation means able to modify the delay of the fields emitted or received by the at least one radiating line.
- said adaptation means comprising a rotating horn between the two metal plates, and a multilayer supply circuit having a first layer formed by the at least one metal plate containing a slot-type sensor array and a last layer is provided with at least one coupling slot connected to the at least one radiating line, the first layer and the last layer being connected by at least one transmission line, the length of the at least one transmission line being adapted to introduce a delay necessary for the focusing of the radiated wave by the radiating line.
- the invention thus makes it possible to scan a large number of pointing directions by moving the rotating mobile horn associated with the radiating lines of the antenna.
- the tuning of each radiating line is effected by the length of a transmission line connecting the sensor array of the at least one metal plate and the radiating plate.
- the invention makes it possible to fix the antenna on a flat surface thus limiting the fragility of the antenna and improving the aerodynamics of the wearer of the antenna.
- the antenna according to the invention also eliminates the need for coaxial cables and connectors. This antenna structure operates in a very broad band of frequency because the horn allows a pointing independent of the frequency.
- the horn is able to transmit between the metal plates a wave whose electric field is perpendicular to the metal plates.
- the length of the at least one transmission line is adapted to introduce an additional delay making it possible to obtain an initial fixed score so that the total score varies from 0 ° to 60 ° for a symmetrical displacement. cornet of ⁇ 30 °.
- This embodiment, associated with the overall rotation of the antenna 360 ° about its axis z can contain all directions in a 60 ° half-angle cone centered on the direction normal to the antenna.
- the supply circuit consists of five metal circuit layers separated by four layers of dielectric.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for a satellite type antenna (acronym for satellite communication or "satellite communications" in English terminology).
- the supply circuit is assembled by gluing. This embodiment limits the complexity of assembly operations of the multilayer power supply circuit.
- two layers of the supply circuit are connected by at least one metallized hole passing through a conductive layer without contact through a non-metallized pellet.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable for a satellite type antenna (acronym for satellite communication or "satellite communications" in English terminology).
- the two metal plates containing the slot-type sensor array are fixed on a plane parallel to the plane of said radiating plate.
- said radiant plate comprises several radiating lines spaced by a half-wavelength. This embodiment makes it possible in particular to avoid problems related to the network lobes.
- said radiant plate comprises a plurality of radiating lines consisting of an alignment of radiating elements such as dipoles, patches or slots.
- said radiating plate comprises a plurality of radiating lines each comprising a splitter with an input and a plurality of outputs corresponding to the number of radiating elements of the radiating line.
- Figure 1 illustrates a flat and mobile satellite telecommunications antenna according to the state of the art
- FIG. 2 illustrates a flat satellite telecommunications antenna partially shown according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 illustrates the mobile horn of the antenna of Figure 2
- Figure 4 illustrates the multilayer power supply circuit of the antenna of Figure 2
- Figure 5 illustrates a multilayer power supply circuit path according to one embodiment in a perspective view
- Figure 6 illustrates the path of Figure 5 in a sectional view
- FIG. 7 illustrates the first layer of transmission lines of the multi-layer supply circuit for an exemplary antenna comprising 49 radiating lines
- FIG. 8 illustrates the second layer of transmission lines of the multi-layer supply circuit for the example of FIG. 7.
- Figure 9 illustrates the first and second transmission line layers of the multilayer power supply circuit for the example of Figure 7;
- FIG. 2 reveals a satellite dish antenna 10 consisting of a radiating plate 16 connected to a matching means 1 1 adapted to change the delays of the fields transmitted or received by the radiating plate 1 6.
- the radiating plate 1 6 extends in a plane xy and has several radiating lines 17 disposed along the y axis at a step close to half a wavelength along the x axis.
- Each radiating line 17 consists of an alignment of N radiating elements (not shown), for example dipoles, patches or slots arranged at a pitch less than a wavelength along the y-axis and fed by a splitter having an input and N outputs.
- the adaptation means 1 1 consists of a horn 12 rotatable between two metal plates 13a and 13b parallel to the radiating plate 1 6.
- the horn 12, shown in Figure 3, is rotatable around the z axis' (parallel or coincident with the z axis) extending in a direction normal to the xy plane.
- the mobility of the horn 12 is provided by a digitally controlled guide 20.
- the horn 12 radiates between the two metal plates 13a, 13b a TEM wave (for electrical-magnetic transverse) whose electric field is perpendicular to the metal plates 13a, 13b.
- the adaptation means 1 1 also comprises a multilayer supply circuit 14, shown in FIG. 4, connecting the horn 12 to the radiating plate 1 6.
- This supply circuit 14 consists of five copper circuit layers 13a, 20-23 separated by four layers of dielectric. The whole is assembled by gluing.
- the first layer 13a is formed by the upper metal plate 13a.
- a coupling slot 27 formed in this layer 13a gives one of the sensors of the sensor network.
- the layers 13a, 20 and 21 form a triplate type transmission line whose conductive line is located on the layer 20 and the ground planes on the layers 13a and 21.
- the layers 21, 22 and 23 form a second transmission line of triplate type whose conductive line is located on the layer 22 and the ground planes on the layers 21 and 23
- a bushing 28 for connecting the lines 25 of the layers 20 and 22 is made by means of a metallized hole through the conductive layer 21 without contact through a non-metallized chip or chip.
- the layer 23 is provided with a coupling slot 26 for feeding a line 17 of the radiating plate 1 6.
- This structure makes it possible to obtain a transmission coefficient between the coupling slot 27 and the radiant plate 1 6 of a module substantially equal to one and of easily controllable delay by adjusting the length of the lines 25 of the layers 20 and 22. These lines also induce an additional delay making it possible to obtain an initial fixed score so that the total score varies from 0 ° to 60 ° for a symmetrical movement of the horn 12 by approximately ⁇ 30 °.
- Figures 5 and 6 show an embodiment of the adaptation means 1 1 for a channel.
- the adaptation means 1 1 consists of metal plates 13a, 13b arranged around the horn 12 (not shown).
- the propagation of the waves emitted and received by the horn 12 are transmitted to the multilayer supply circuit 14 by a coupling slot 27.
- the propagation is closed between the metal plates 13a and 13b at the rear of the slot 27 by a metal part 30 whose profile allows the adaptation of the transmission.
- the supply circuit 14 consists of four layers of printed circuit assembled by gluing.
- the material used can be for example Rogers RT / duroid 5880 thickness 0.508mm.
- the layers 13a and 21 are connected in the vicinity of the slot 27 by metallized holes to prevent the propagation of undesirable modes in the circuit.
- the energy taken by the slot 27 flows in the line 25a and then in the line 25b after changing the layer produced by means of the passage 28.
- the layers 13a, 21 and 23 are connected in the vicinity of the crossing by metallized holes allowing avoid the spread of undesirable modes in the circuit.
- the crossing is made by a metallized hole connecting the layers 20 and 22. It passes through the layer 21 without contact through a non-metallized pellet.
- the coupling at the input of a line of the radiating plate 1 6 is achieved by the slot 26.
- the layers 21 and 23 are connected in the vicinity of the slot 26 by metallized holes to prevent the propagation of undesirable modes in the circuit.
- the input of the line of the radiating plate 1 6 is also carried out in triplate technology between the radiating line 17 and the ground planes 36 and 37. It is embedded in a metal part 40 ensuring precise positioning and low impedances between the different metal layers 23, 36 and 37.
- the coupling between the radiating line 17 and the line 25b is obtained through the slot 26 and the connection of the radiating line 17 to the ground plane 37 through the metallized hole 41.
- the layers 36 and 37 are connected by metallized holes 42 to prevent the propagation of undesirable modes in the circuit.
- Figures 7, 8 and 9 give the appearance of the complete circuit for an example antenna having 49 radiating lines.
- the coupling slots with the radiating lines 26 are aligned at a step close to half a wavelength (5 mm at 30 GHz).
- the slots 27 in connection with the horn 12 are arranged on the output curve (close to an arc) at a step also close to half a wavelength.
- the length of the lines 25a, 25b adjusted by means of the position of the bushings 28 gives the delay necessary for the focusing and the initial pointing of the beam to 30 ° (centrally located horn).
- This embodiment makes it possible to limit the bulk of the supply circuit 14 to connect the horn 12 to the radiating lines 17.
- the invention also makes it possible to point all the directions contained in the 60 ° half-angle cone centered on the z axis by means of a rotation of the horn 12 of ⁇ 30 ° approximately around the z 'axis and a rotation of the antenna assembly 360 ° about the z axis.
- This antenna structure operates in a very wide band of frequencies because the mobile horn 12 provides a score independent of the frequency.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1455393A FR3022405B1 (fr) | 2014-06-13 | 2014-06-13 | Antenne plate de telecommunication par satellite |
PCT/EP2015/062683 WO2015189136A1 (fr) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-06-08 | Antenne plate de telecommunication par satellite |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3155690A1 true EP3155690A1 (fr) | 2017-04-19 |
EP3155690B1 EP3155690B1 (fr) | 2018-08-29 |
Family
ID=51905227
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15729390.3A Active EP3155690B1 (fr) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-06-08 | Antenne plate de telecommunication par satellite |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10038244B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3155690B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2690578T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3022405B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015189136A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10218069B2 (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2019-02-26 | Facebook, Inc. | Traces between phase array antenna and radio frequency integrated circuit in mm wave systems |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2566703A (en) * | 1947-05-14 | 1951-09-04 | Rca Corp | Radio wave focusing device |
US3170158A (en) | 1963-05-08 | 1965-02-16 | Rotman Walter | Multiple beam radar antenna system |
GB8531806D0 (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1986-02-05 | Plessey Co Plc | Microwave beamforming lens |
US6130653A (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-10-10 | Raytheon Company | Compact stripline Rotman lens |
GB2398172A (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-08-11 | Thales Plc | A multi-phase shifter for use with an antenna array |
GB0701087D0 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2007-02-28 | Plasma Antennas Ltd | A displaced feed parallel plate antenna |
-
2014
- 2014-06-13 FR FR1455393A patent/FR3022405B1/fr active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-08 EP EP15729390.3A patent/EP3155690B1/fr active Active
- 2015-06-08 US US15/314,086 patent/US10038244B2/en active Active
- 2015-06-08 WO PCT/EP2015/062683 patent/WO2015189136A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-06-08 ES ES15729390.3T patent/ES2690578T3/es active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3022405B1 (fr) | 2017-11-24 |
ES2690578T3 (es) | 2018-11-21 |
US20170187115A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
WO2015189136A1 (fr) | 2015-12-17 |
EP3155690B1 (fr) | 2018-08-29 |
US10038244B2 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
FR3022405A1 (fr) | 2015-12-18 |
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