EP3092179B1 - Paper sack - Google Patents
Paper sack Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3092179B1 EP3092179B1 EP14808494.0A EP14808494A EP3092179B1 EP 3092179 B1 EP3092179 B1 EP 3092179B1 EP 14808494 A EP14808494 A EP 14808494A EP 3092179 B1 EP3092179 B1 EP 3092179B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- sack
- layer
- overlap
- facing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 145
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000414 obstructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/02—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with laminated walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/04—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with multiple walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/08—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents with block bottoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D31/00—Bags or like containers made of paper and having structural provision for thickness of contents
- B65D31/14—Valve bags, i.e. with valves for filling
- B65D31/142—Valve bags, i.e. with valves for filling the filling port being formed by folding a flap connected to a side, e.g. block bottoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
Definitions
- the invention relates to a paper bag, preferably a valve paper bag, for bulk material such as cement, gypsum, granules, animal feed or the like, with a bottom, preferably a cross or block bottom, and with a top opposite the bottom, in which optionally a valve tube is arranged to fill the paper bag.
- a paper bag preferably a valve paper bag, for bulk material such as cement, gypsum, granules, animal feed or the like, with a bottom, preferably a cross or block bottom, and with a top opposite the bottom, in which optionally a valve tube is arranged to fill the paper bag.
- Such paper bags are known, for example from the EP 1 858 769 B1 which provides between paper-like inner and outer layers one or more barrier layers whose edges overlap; an adhesion of the overlaps is not provided; only the adhesion to the inner or outer layer is ensured by gluing.
- the usual sizes are 5 kg, 10 kg or 25 kg.
- valve tube For filling such bags usually a valve tube is provided, which is incorporated in the upper part and is plugged for filling on a filler neck. Essential for a quick and economical filling is a rapid escape of the air during the filling process. On the other hand, the bag should be as tight as possible after filling. In order to achieve a higher product protection and a longer product stability of the filling material, can - as in the EP 1 858 769 B1 described - be said barrier layer between the inner layer and the outer layer of paper inserted.
- the present invention therefore deals with the improvement of a known paper bag in order to meet the above requirements.
- the improved paper bag to ensure increased product protection and / or prolonged product stability of the filling material and / or increased weather resistance of the packaging material and at the same time an economical production and rapid ventilation during filling can be achieved.
- the paper bag comprises at least one paper layer with an overlap which is adhesively sealed to the bag interior.
- the position of the paper layer facing the interior of the bag has an air-permeable region in the region of the overlap, which area is covered by the layer of the paper layer facing the exterior of the bag.
- This at least one paper layer has, at least in some areas, a weatherproof coating facing the exterior of the bag.
- Weatherproof is a waterproof or at least water-repellent material coating.
- the bond can be waterproof and / or airtight.
- a so-called weather-resistant bag is created, which significantly increases the weather resistance of the paper bag and the filled contents can protect even with outdoor storage for a sufficient period of time from external influences.
- the contents can be effectively protected from moisture or rain.
- the weatherproof coating can be either waterproof / water repellent or ideally also gas tight to additionally seal the paper bag against the passage of air, oxygen, CO2 or gaseous water.
- the coated paper layer has an overlap, wherein the overlapping edges are preferably parallel to the side edges of the paper bag, so that the overlap extends in the manner of an overlap strip from the bottom to the top.
- the overlap of the coated paper layer with the interior of the bag is sealed in a sealing manner, that is to say in the case of the paper bags. H. in the region of the overlap, the inner layer facing the inside of the bag is glued to the layer of the coated paper layer which faces the outside of the bag, and the glue is located in the edge region of the overlap towards the bag interior.
- the bonding directly on the edge of the overlap is advantageous, but the bond must not be located directly on the edge of the overlap to the bag interior. Rather, it may be moved away from the edge of the overlap, because even in this case, the intended purpose according to the invention can still be achieved.
- the layer of the coated paper layer facing the interior of the bag has an air-permeable region or a region with a higher air permeability than the remaining region of the paper layer.
- This air-permeable area is covered by the position of the overlap facing the exterior of the bag. Due to this configuration, air can escape during filling of the bag with filling material and escape to the outside of the overlap, since the obstructive for the air flow bonding is arranged to the bag interior.
- the bonding to the interior of the bag thus has a directing effect on the air flow, as well as a stabilizing effect for the coated paper layer in the region of the overlap, thus serving to hold the material ends together in the region of the overlap. It can thereby be achieved that the air exiting through the air-permeable region during filling can completely escape from the overlapping region to the outside. Furthermore, the stability in the overlap area is improved and the tightness in the filled state is increased.
- the leakage of filling material can be avoided by the overlap.
- suitable design of the air-permeable area can be ensured that the respective contents are retained in the bag, while only or mainly air can escape through the air-permeable area.
- the air-permeable area in the area of the overlap is covered by the outer layer of the inner layer, so that the penetration of substances or liquids from the outside is avoided.
- the inventive design a good ventilation during filling is achieved at the same time high product protection against external influence.
- the outer coating ensures adequate protection of the contents against external influences, such as moisture and water.
- the paper bag has at least one coated paper layer with a gas-tight coating facing the interior of the bag.
- the coated paper layer has an overlap on, which is adhesively sealed to the interior of the bag, and in the region of the overlap facing the interior of the bag coated layer of paper has an air-permeable area, which is covered by the facing to the outside of the bag layer of the coated paper layer.
- the configuration of the overlap thus corresponds to the abovementioned first embodiment of the paper bag according to the invention.
- the paper layer having an overlap does not necessarily have an outer coating, but is provided with an inner gas-tight coating.
- at least one conventional layer is provided, in particular of paper or a composite paper, which is arranged between the filling space and the at least one overlapping paper layer.
- the gas-tight coating does not have to be directly connected to the filling material, but an arbitrary arbitrary layer, in particular paper layer, can be provided.
- the gas-tight coating prevents air, oxygen, CO 2 or gaseous water from penetrating in relevant quantities from the outside and damaging or destroying the filling material. These gases are primarily responsible for damage to sensitive products or for the low storage stability of such products.
- the coated paper layer is coated on both sides.
- the outside coated paper layer may additionally comprise an internal gas-tight coating.
- an external water-repellent or water-resistant coating is provided in addition to the internal gas-tight coating.
- This embodiment with a two-sided coating of the at least one paper layer is suitable in particular for deposit-paper sacks, which consist only of a single paper layer.
- double-sided coated paper layers can also be used for multi-ply paper sacks.
- a further paper layer to be provided in addition to a paper layer with an outer-side coating, which likewise comprises the described overlap with an air-permeable region and which comprises an inner coating.
- the second embodiment of the invention which is arranged in addition to the at least one paper layer with internal gas-tight coating another paper layer with the overlap described and external coating, in particular water-resistant or water-resistant coating.
- one or more conventional inner or outer layers in particular paper layers or layers of a paper composite, may be provided in addition to the coated paper layers having overlaps.
- layers of another material or composite material Conventional layers are to be understood as meaning layers which either have no overlap or an overlap without a separate air-permeable region.
- the air permeable area of the coated paper layer is provided with one or more perforations, which are preferably formed by a needling and / or one or more slits. This ensures sufficient air exchange through the coated paper layer.
- the perforations may be formed as microperforations, which can be produced for example by electrical or chemical means and are known from cigarette paper.
- the air-permeable area of the coated paper layer may be provided by a highly porous material, that is, the paper layer is characterized in the air-permeable area by deviating material properties that allow an exchange of air or higher air exchange compared to the non-air-permeable area.
- a wider overlap area allows a larger area of the air permeable area of the overlap area and thus better ventilation during filling.
- a disadvantage of a larger overlap area is the higher material costs for the inner layer.
- the overlap of the inner layer amounts to at least 3% of the bag circumference, moreover at least 10% of the bag circumference and even more advantageously at least 17% but at most 25% of the bag circumference.
- the inner and / or outer coating, d. H. the gas-tight and / or water-resistant / waterproof coating has a multilayer structure.
- the gas-tight coating preferably comprises a metallized film and / or a metal foil.
- metallized films or metal foils By such metallized films or metal foils, a particularly good gas tightness can be achieved.
- Very suitable as a metallic material is aluminum.
- the metallic gas barrier ensures particularly good aroma protection in the food industry.
- a water-resistant or water-repellent coating For the embodiment of a water-resistant or water-repellent coating, the use of at least one lacquer layer and / or at least one wax layer and / or at least one plastic layer and / or at least one oil layer and / or likewise a metal layer or metal foil is particularly suitable.
- a multilayer embodiment of the coating of the coated paper layer may preferably be discharged through the water-resistant or water-repellent or gas-tight coating, an additional layer which is to serve the protection of the subordinate coating. This prevents the destruction of, for example, a metal foil or a lacquer layer.
- the gas-tight coating also forms a barrier to liquid, so that a seal against the ingress of water is achieved.
- a central interrupted glue line may be provided, while the gluing provided in the edge region of the overlap with the exterior of the bag is continuous and thus sealing.
- the position of the coated paper layer facing the outer side of the bag also has an air-permeable region in the region of the overlap. This air-permeable area is then provided in the area between the gluing lying on the outer edge and the middle gluing.
- this air-permeable area can be done for example by a recess of the coating and / or by design of the paper layer in this area with a highly porous material.
- the area may as well be realized by the provision of one or more perforations.
- the perforations are ideally carried out in an analogous manner to the perforations of the interior facing the bag.
- the advantageous embodiment is an additional Protection is ensured, since also to the outside a hermetically sealed bonding of the outer overlap is ensured. In order nevertheless to allow an exchange of air to the outside, therefore, the outer overlap must be equipped with a corresponding air-permeable area.
- the air exchange between the inner air-permeable configuration of the inner paper layer and the outside air-permeable designed paper layer is carried out by the middle bonding, which is permeable to air, ie as a non-continuous adhesive strip executed.
- the air-permeable areas of the interior of the bag and the exterior of the bag do not overlap, or only slightly or partially over one another, in order to produce an angled air channel from the inside to the outside.
- the paper bag or a single paper layer has a plurality of overlaps according to the invention, particularly preferably an overlap according to the invention on the front side of the bag and a further overlap according to the invention on the back of the bag.
- the ventilation of the bag can be improved during filling and distributed on both sides.
- the paper bag according to the invention has, outside the coated paper layer, further paper layers or layers of other materials suitable for bag production. These layers must also be designed so that they allow the air to escape to the outside during filling.
- Suitable sack materials are suitable materials, preferably paper, coated paper, film and / or coated film. This may be useful with paper bags coated on the outside.
- the wrapper then serves, for example, as additional protection for the transport, etc. In order to achieve the weather resistance, this additional wrapper is removed, and the at least one paper layer with external weatherproof coating then forms the outermost surface of the paper bag.
- Fig, 1 shows a paper bag 10 with a cross bottom 2 and a top 3, wherein the bottom 2 and the top 3 are folded on the front side 5 of the paper bag 10. Not recognizable is the back of the bag, which is below the front 5.
- a valve tube 4 is inserted in the upper part 2.
- the illustrated basic principle of the paper bag of the Fig. 1 can be one or more layers.
- the paper bag comprises two layers, which in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2a is clearly visible along the section line AA.
- FIG. 2a shows a preferred variant of the paper bag as a multi-layer bag.
- the paper bag consists of an outer coated paper layer 20, which has an overlap 22 with splice 24.
- the sealing bond 24 is formed toward the interior of the bag.
- the paper layer 20 also has an external coating with weatherproof material properties. In particular, the coating is waterproof or water repellent.
- the example according to the Fig. 2a another inner layer 18, for example made of paper or a paper composite.
- This paper layer also has an overlap 19 with splice 25.
- a comparison of the two overlaps 19, 22 shows that the overlap 22 is made significantly wider.
- Both paper layers 20 form a tube section of the paper bag Fig. 1 between the bottom 2 and top 3 from. The wider overlap 22 serves to adequately vent the paper bag during its filling.
- Fig. 2b shows an alternative variant of the paper bag as Einlagensack.
- the outer paper layer 20 is analogous to the example of Fig. 2a executed.
- Fig. 2c shows a variant with a coated paper layer 20 which is embedded between two further layers 18 and 21.
- the overlaps of the outer and inner layers 18, 21 are also significantly narrower than the overlap 22 of the coated paper layer 20 is formed.
- the paper layer 20 may also like the paper layer of Fig. 2a, 2b be executed.
- the coating of the paper layer 20 of the Figure 2c may also be internally coated with a water-resistant / water-repellent or gas-tight. It is conceivable with regard to all figures and a paper layer 20 with double-sided coating, for example with an inner gas-tight coating and an external water-resistant / water-repellent coating. This embodiment is in particular in the bag according to FIG. 2b meaningful.
- the paper layer 20 - contrary to the claimed invention - of course, be carried out without coating, wherein by means of the enlarged overlap 22 then a better Air permeability to the non-overlapped region of the paper layer 20 can be achieved. It is also conceivable that in the examples of the FIGS. 2a, 2b . 2c Additional paper layers are provided with enlarged overlaps, for example, to ensure at least two sides of the bag for adequate ventilation. Of course, more conventional layers 18, 21 may be provided.
- Fig. 3 shows the coated paper ply 20 with an enlarged section of the overlap 22.
- the layer 31 of the coated paper ply 20 which faces the interior of the ply overlaps the outward facing ply 32 of the coated paper ply 20.
- the overlap is at its edge facing the interior of the bag 22 adhesively bonded by means of bonding 24.
- the overlap according to the invention comprises further adhesion sites 33, 34, the adhesion site 33 being an interrupted adhesive strip in the longitudinal direction of the sack Fig. 1 is executed and the bond 34 is a continuous longitudinally extending adhesive strip.
- the adhesion site 33 being an interrupted adhesive strip in the longitudinal direction of the sack Fig. 1 is executed and the bond 34 is a continuous longitudinally extending adhesive strip.
- Fig. 4 shows by way of example the layer structure of the coated paper layer 20.
- the paper layer has on its outer side a carrier layer 41 made of paper.
- a metallization 42 which is preferably formed from aluminum.
- the metallization 42 is protected by a plastic coating which consists in its core 43 of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or comparable plastics.
- the core 43 is provided on both sides with a surface layer or surface treatment 44.
- a lacquer layer 45 On the outer surface treatment 44 is a corona pretreatment 46, which then forms the innermost layer towards the interior of the bag.
- the plastic coating applied to the metallic gas barrier protects the metal layer against damage during the manufacture of the bag.
- the paper layer 20 has on its inside a carrier layer 41 made of paper.
- the outward-following layer 42a then comprises a water-resistant or water-repellent material, preferably a lacquer layer, an oil layer, a protective layer, a plastic layer or a metal layer, which is particularly preferably made of aluminum.
- the layer 42a is protected analogously to the inner coating by a plastic coating, which consists in its core 43 of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or comparable plastics.
- the core 43 is provided on both sides with a surface layer or surface treatment 44. Between the layer 42 and the surface treatment 44 is a lacquer layer 45.
- a corona pre-treatment 46 On the outer surface treatment 44 is a corona pre-treatment 46, which then forms the outermost layer towards the exterior of the bag.
- the plastic coating applied to the water-resistant or water-repellent layer 42a protects this layer from damage during bag production.
- the described layer structure can be applied on both sides of the carrier material 41.
- Fig. 5 now shows a specific embodiment of the overlapping region 22 of the paper layer 20 according to the invention.
- the entire overlap region 22 of the interior 31 facing the interior of the bag and the layer 32 facing the exterior of the bag are glued air-tight and watertight by means of the continuous adhesive strip 24.
- a parallel adhesive strip 33 which extends in the middle portion of the overlap 22. This adhesive strip 33 is interrupted, whereby a gas outlet is allowed to the outside, ie from the bag inside to the outside.
- Perforations 37 in the form of needling which form the air-permeable region of the overlap 22, are provided on the inner layer 31 between the two bonds 24, 33.
- the air permeability can of course also by using a highly porous Material can be achieved in this area of the paper layer 20.
- the outer layer 32 can be cut off after the bonding 33.
- a better protection of the contents results when the outer layer 32 - as in FIG. 5 shown - the bond 33 surmounted and bonded at the edge with a continuous adhesive strip 34 with the inner layer 31.
- this bond 34 is preferably sealing.
- the air outlet region 36 and the perforation region 37 are therefore not one above the other, but laterally offset from one another.
- the paper bag can be well vented during filling by the configuration of the overlap 22 and the gas-tight coating on the inside or a water-resistant coating on the outside of the bag can be a high product protection of the filling or a weather-resistant design of the paper bag 10 reach.
- the embodiment of the overlap 22 is used, for example, not only for coated layers of a paper bag, but is also suitable for those layers which have neither on the inside nor on the outside of a corresponding coating and basically air-permeable properties exhibit.
- the design of a corresponding overlap with air-permeable region is particularly desirable if the basic material property of the layer does not have sufficient air permeability. In this case, overlapping and forming an air permeable area with higher air permeability over the remaining material area of the ply may result in better venting when filling the paper bag.
- the design of a paper bag is suitable, in which at least one arbitrary layer, for example the inner, outer or an intermediate layer is provided with a corresponding overlap. This bag need not necessarily comprise a coated paper layer or a coated paper layer with an overlap 22.
- a layer which is not made of paper and introduced as an additional barrier layer is likewise provided with the correspondingly described overlap 22.
- a barrier layer can be, for example, a plastic film which is intended to protect the filled product against the ingress of liquid or gases.
- this plastic film or another gas-tight layer may be provided with the appropriate overlap.
- This bag need not necessarily comprise a coated paper layer or a coated paper layer with an overlap 22.
- further perforations or otherwise pronounced air-permeable regions may be provided.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bag Frames (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Buffer Packaging (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Papiersack, vorzugsweise einen Ventil-Papiersack, fĂĽr SchĂĽttgut wie Zement, Gips, Granulat, Tierfutter oder Ă„hnliches, mit einem Boden, vorzugsweise einem Kreuz- oder Blockboden, und mit einem dem Boden gegenĂĽberliegenden Oberteil, in dem ggf. ein Ventilschlauch zum BefĂĽllen des Papiersacks angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a paper bag, preferably a valve paper bag, for bulk material such as cement, gypsum, granules, animal feed or the like, with a bottom, preferably a cross or block bottom, and with a top opposite the bottom, in which optionally a valve tube is arranged to fill the paper bag.
Derartige Papiersäcke sind bekannt, beispielsweise aus der
Zum Befüllen solcher Säcke ist üblicherweise ein Ventilschlauch vorgesehen, der in das Oberteil eingearbeitet ist und der zum Befüllen auf einen Füllstutzen aufgesteckt wird. Von wesentlicher Bedeutung für ein schnelles und wirtschaftliches Befüllen ist ein schnelles Entweichen der Luft während des Füllvorgangs. Andererseits soll der Sack nach dem Befüllen möglichst dicht sein. Um einen höheren Produktschutz bzw. eine längere Produktstabilität des Füllgutes zu erreichen, kann - wie in der
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass mit den vorbekannten Säcken bei empfindlichen Füllgütern ein hinreichender Produktschutz nicht gewährleistet werden kann. Derart empfindliche Füllguter sind beispielsweise schnell bindende Produkte im Bereich der Baustoffe oder Lebensmittel, bei denen ein Aromaverlust verhindert werden muss.It has been found that sufficient protection of the product can not be guaranteed with the previously known sacks for sensitive products. Such sensitive fillers are, for example, fast-binding products in the field of building materials or food, in which a loss of flavor must be prevented.
Daneben besteht eine Nachfrage nach sogenannten wetterfesten Papiersäcken, deren außenliegende Seite wasser- bzw. witterungsresistente Materialeigenschaften aufweist, um eine Wetterbeständigkeit über einen bestimmten Zeitraum hin gewährleisten zu können. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung ist es ebenfalls notwendig, für eine ausreichende Entlüftung des Papiersackes während des Füllvorgangs zu sorgen.In addition, there is a demand for so-called weatherproof paper sacks whose outer side has water or weather resistant material properties in order to ensure weather resistance over a certain period of time. In this embodiment, it is also necessary to provide sufficient ventilation of the paper bag during the filling process.
Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit der Verbesserung eines bekannten Papiersackes, um die oben genannten Anforderungen erfüllen zu können. Insbesondere soll mittels des verbesserten Papiersackes ein erhöhter Produktschutz und/oder eine verlängerte Produktstabilität des Füllgutes und/oder eine erhöhte Wetterbeständigkeit des Verpackungsmaterial gewährleistet und gleichzeitig eine wirtschaftliche Herstellung und schnelle Entlüftung beim Befüllen erreicht werden.The present invention therefore deals with the improvement of a known paper bag in order to meet the above requirements. In particular, by means of the improved paper bag to ensure increased product protection and / or prolonged product stability of the filling material and / or increased weather resistance of the packaging material and at the same time an economical production and rapid ventilation during filling can be achieved.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe in einer ersten Variante durch einen Papiersack mit den Merkmalen des Schutzanspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved in a first variant by a paper bag having the features of patent claim 1.
Gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst der Papiersack wenigstens eine Papierlage mit einer Überlappung, die zum Sackinneren hin dichtend verklebt ist. Dabei weist die zum Sackinneren gewandte Lage der Papierlage im Bereich der Überlappung einen luftdurchlässigen Bereich auf, der von der zum Sackäußeren gewandten Lage der Papierlage überdeckt ist. Diese wenigstens eine Papierlage weist zumindest bereichsweise eine zum Sackäußeren gewandte wetterfeste Beschichtung auf. Als wetterfest gilt eine wasserdichte bzw. zumindest wasserabweisende Materialbeschichtung. Die Verklebung kann wasserdicht und/oder luftdicht sein.According to this embodiment of the invention, the paper bag comprises at least one paper layer with an overlap which is adhesively sealed to the bag interior. In this case, the position of the paper layer facing the interior of the bag has an air-permeable region in the region of the overlap, which area is covered by the layer of the paper layer facing the exterior of the bag. This at least one paper layer has, at least in some areas, a weatherproof coating facing the exterior of the bag. Weatherproof is a waterproof or at least water-repellent material coating. The bond can be waterproof and / or airtight.
Durch diese Ausgestaltung wird ein sogenannter wetterfester Sack geschaffen, der die Wetterbeständigkeit des Papiersackes deutlich erhöht und das eingefüllte Füllgut auch bei Außenlagerung über einen ausreichenden Zeitraum vor äußeren Einflüssen schützen kann. Insbesondere kann das Füllgut effektiv vor Feuchtigkeit bzw. Regen geschützt werden.By this embodiment, a so-called weather-resistant bag is created, which significantly increases the weather resistance of the paper bag and the filled contents can protect even with outdoor storage for a sufficient period of time from external influences. In particular, the contents can be effectively protected from moisture or rain.
Die wetterfeste Beschichtung kann entweder wasserdicht/wasserabweisend oder idealerweise zusätzlich gasdicht sein, um den Papiersack zusätzlich gegen den Durchtritt von Luft, Sauerstoff, CO2 oder gasförmigem Wasser abzudichten. Des Weiteren weist die beschichtete Papierlage eine Überlappung auf, wobei die überlappenden Ränder vorzugsweise parallel zu den Seitenrändern des Papiersacks verlaufen, so dass sich die Überlappung nach Art eines Überlappungsstreifens vom Boden zum Oberteil erstreckt.The weatherproof coating can be either waterproof / water repellent or ideally also gas tight to additionally seal the paper bag against the passage of air, oxygen, CO2 or gaseous water. Furthermore, the coated paper layer has an overlap, wherein the overlapping edges are preferably parallel to the side edges of the paper bag, so that the overlap extends in the manner of an overlap strip from the bottom to the top.
Bei den erfindungsgemäßen Papiersäcken ist die Überlappung der beschichteten Papierlage zum Sackinneren dichtend verklebt, d. h. im Bereich der Überlappung ist die zum Sackinneren gewandte Lage der Innenlage mit der zum Sackäußeren gewandten Lage der beschichteten Papierlage verklebt, und die Verklebung befindet sich im Randbereich der Überlappung zum Sackinneren hin.In the case of the paper sacks according to the invention, the overlap of the coated paper layer with the interior of the bag is sealed in a sealing manner, that is to say in the case of the paper bags. H. in the region of the overlap, the inner layer facing the inside of the bag is glued to the layer of the coated paper layer which faces the outside of the bag, and the glue is located in the edge region of the overlap towards the bag interior.
Zwar ist die Verklebung direkt am Rand der Überlappung vorteilhaft, allerdings muss sich die Verklebung nicht direkt an der Kante der Überlappung zum Sackinneren befinden. Vielmehr kann sie auch von der Kante der Überlappung abgerückt sein, denn auch in diesem Fall kann der erfindungsgemäß bezweckte Effekt noch erreicht werden.Although the bonding directly on the edge of the overlap is advantageous, but the bond must not be located directly on the edge of the overlap to the bag interior. Rather, it may be moved away from the edge of the overlap, because even in this case, the intended purpose according to the invention can still be achieved.
Die zum Sackinneren gewandte Lage der beschichteten Papierlage weist im Bereich der Überlappung einen luftdurchlässigen Bereich auf bzw. einen Bereich mit gegenüber dem restlichen Bereich der Papierlage höherer Luftdurchlässigkeit. Dieser luftdurchlässige Bereich ist von der zum Sackäußeren gewandten Lage der Überlappung überdeckt. Aufgrund dieser Ausgestaltung kann beim Befüllen des Sackes mit Füllgut Luft austreten und zur Außenseite der Überlappung hin entweichen, da die für den Luftstrom hinderliche Verklebung zum Sackinneren hin angeordnet ist. Die Verklebung zum Sackinneren hin hat somit eine Lenkungswirkung für den Luftstrom, sowie eine Stabilisierungswirkung für die beschichtete Papierlage im Bereich der Überlappung, sie dient also dem Zusammenhalten der Materialenden im Bereich der Überlappung. Dadurch kann erreicht werden, dass die beim Befüllen durch den luftdurchlässigen Bereich austretende Luft aus dem Überlappungsbereich vollständig nach außen treten kann. Des Weiteren wird die Stabilität im Überlappungsbereich verbessert und die Dichtigkeit im befüllten Zustand erhöht.In the region of the overlap, the layer of the coated paper layer facing the interior of the bag has an air-permeable region or a region with a higher air permeability than the remaining region of the paper layer. This air-permeable area is covered by the position of the overlap facing the exterior of the bag. Due to this configuration, air can escape during filling of the bag with filling material and escape to the outside of the overlap, since the obstructive for the air flow bonding is arranged to the bag interior. The bonding to the interior of the bag thus has a directing effect on the air flow, as well as a stabilizing effect for the coated paper layer in the region of the overlap, thus serving to hold the material ends together in the region of the overlap. It can thereby be achieved that the air exiting through the air-permeable region during filling can completely escape from the overlapping region to the outside. Furthermore, the stability in the overlap area is improved and the tightness in the filled state is increased.
Des Weiteren kann der Austritt von Füllgut durch die Überlappung vermieden werden. Durch geeignete Ausgestaltung des luftdurchlässigen Bereichs kann sichergestellt werden, dass das jeweilige Füllgut im Sack zurückgehalten wird, während nur oder hauptsächlich Luft durch den luftdurchlässigen Bereich entweichen kann. Beim fertig befüllten Sack ist der luftdurchlässige Bereich im Bereich der Überlappung durch die äußere Lage der Innenlage zugedeckt, so dass das Eindringen von Substanzen bzw. Flüssigkeiten von außen vermieden wird.Furthermore, the leakage of filling material can be avoided by the overlap. By suitable design of the air-permeable area can be ensured that the respective contents are retained in the bag, while only or mainly air can escape through the air-permeable area. When the bag is completely filled, the air-permeable area in the area of the overlap is covered by the outer layer of the inner layer, so that the penetration of substances or liquids from the outside is avoided.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung wird eine gute Entlüftung beim Befüllen bei gleichzeitig hohem Produktschutz vor äußerem Einfluss erreicht. Die äußere Beschichtung sorgt für einen ausreichenden Schutz des Füllgutes gegen äußere Einflüsse, wie beispielsweise Feuchtigkeit und Wasser.The inventive design a good ventilation during filling is achieved at the same time high product protection against external influence. The outer coating ensures adequate protection of the contents against external influences, such as moisture and water.
Die vorgenannte Aufgabenstellung wird weiterhin in einer zweiten Variante durch einen Papiersack gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 gelöst. Demnach weist der Papiersack wenigstens eine beschichtete Papierlage mit einer zum Sackinneren gewandten gasdichten Beschichtung auf. Zudem weist die beschichtete Papierlage eine Überlappung auf, die zum Sackinneren hin dichtend verklebt ist, und im Bereich der Überlappung die zum Sackinneren gewandte Lage der beschichteten Papierlage einen luftdurchlässigen Bereich aufweist, der von der zum Sackäußeren gewandten Lage der beschichteten Papierlage überdeckt wird. Die Ausgestaltung der Überlappung entspricht folglich der vorgenannten ersten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Papiersackes gemäß Anspruch 1. Der Unterschied zu der ersten Ausgestaltung besteht darin, dass die eine Überlappung aufweisende Papierlage nicht zwingend eine außenliegende Beschichtung aufweist, sondern mit einer inneren gasdichten Beschichtung versehen ist. Weiterhin erfindungsgemäß ist wenigstens eine konventionelle Lage vorgesehen, insbesondere aus Papier oder einem Papierverbund, die zwischen dem Füllraum und der wenigstens einen die Überlappung aufweisenden Papierlage angeordnet ist.The aforementioned task is further solved in a second variant by a paper bag according to the features of
Folglich muss die gasdichte Beschichtung nicht unmittelbar mit dem Füllgut in Verbindung stehen, sondern es kann eine zwischengeordnete beliebige Lage, insbesondere Papierlage, vorgesehen sein. Durch die gasdichte Beschichtung wird vermieden, dass Luft, Sauerstoff, CO2 oder gasförmiges Wasser in relevanten Mengen von außen eindringen und das Füllgut schädigen bzw. zerstören kann. Diese Gase sind nämlich in erster Linie für Schäden an empfindlichen Produkten bzw. für die geringe Lagerstabiliät derartiger Füllgüter verantwortlich.Consequently, the gas-tight coating does not have to be directly connected to the filling material, but an arbitrary arbitrary layer, in particular paper layer, can be provided. The gas-tight coating prevents air, oxygen, CO 2 or gaseous water from penetrating in relevant quantities from the outside and damaging or destroying the filling material. These gases are primarily responsible for damage to sensitive products or for the low storage stability of such products.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der beiden erfindungsgemäßen Papiersackausführungen gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 2 sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.Advantageous embodiments of the two Papieracksausführungen invention according to
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann vorgesehen sein, dass die beschichtete Papierlage beidseitig beschichtet ist. Für die erste Ausführungsform gilt dabei, dass die außenseitig beschichtete Papierlage zusätzlich eine innenliegende gasdichte Beschichtung umfassen kann. Für die zweite Ausführungsform gilt, dass zusätzlich zur innenliegenden gasdichten Beschichtung eine außenliegende wasserabweisende bzw. wasserresistente Beschichtung vorgesehen ist. Diese Ausführungsform mit einer beidseitigen Beschichtung der wenigstens einen Papierlage eignet sich insbesondere für Einlagen-Papiersäcke, die lediglich aus einer einzigen Papierlage bestehen. Selbstverständlich können doppelseitig beschichtete Papierlagen auch für mehrlagige Papiersäcke in Frage kommen.In an advantageous embodiment it can be provided that the coated paper layer is coated on both sides. For the first embodiment, it applies that the outside coated paper layer may additionally comprise an internal gas-tight coating. For the second embodiment, an external water-repellent or water-resistant coating is provided in addition to the internal gas-tight coating. This embodiment with a two-sided coating of the at least one paper layer is suitable in particular for deposit-paper sacks, which consist only of a single paper layer. Of course, double-sided coated paper layers can also be used for multi-ply paper sacks.
Anstatt der doppelseitigen Beschichtung kann vorgesehen sein, dass zusätzlich zu einer Papierlage mit außenseitiger Beschichtung eine weitere Papierlage vorgesehen ist, die ebenfalls die beschriebene Überlappung mit luftdurchlässigem Bereich umfasst und diese eine innenliegende Beschichtung umfasst. Gleiches gilt für die zweite Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung, wodurch zusätzlich zu der wenigstens einen Papierlage mit innenliegender gasdichten Beschichtung eine weitere Papierlage mit der beschriebenen Überlappung und außenliegender Beschichtung, insbesondere wasserfester bzw. wasserresistenter Beschichtung angeordnet ist. Durch diese vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen wird einerseits ein gasdichter Papiersack zur Verfügung gestellt, der den Eintritt von Sauerstoff, CO2 oder gasförmigen Wasser in relevanten Mengen von außen in das Füllgut unterbindet und zugleich eine gewisse Wetterbeständigkeit für Außenlagerung bietet.Instead of the double-sided coating, provision may be made for a further paper layer to be provided in addition to a paper layer with an outer-side coating, which likewise comprises the described overlap with an air-permeable region and which comprises an inner coating. The same applies to the second embodiment of the invention, which is arranged in addition to the at least one paper layer with internal gas-tight coating another paper layer with the overlap described and external coating, in particular water-resistant or water-resistant coating. By these advantageous embodiments, on the one hand, a gas-tight paper bag is provided, which prevents the entry of oxygen, CO2 or gaseous water in relevant quantities from the outside into the medium and at the same time offers a certain weather resistance for outdoor storage.
Zusätzlich zu den beschichteten und Überlappungen aufweisenden Papierlagen können selbstverständlich ein oder mehrere konventionelle Innen- oder Außenlagen, insbesondere Papierlagen oder Lagen aus einem Papierverbund, vorgesehen sein. Denkbar sind selbstverständlich auch Lagen aus einem anderweitigen Material oder Materialverbund. Unter konventionellen Lagen sind solche Lagen zu verstehen, die entweder keine Überlappung oder eine Überlappung ohne gesonderten luftdurchlässigen Bereich aufweisen.Of course, one or more conventional inner or outer layers, in particular paper layers or layers of a paper composite, may be provided in addition to the coated paper layers having overlaps. Of course, it is also conceivable layers of another material or composite material. Conventional layers are to be understood as meaning layers which either have no overlap or an overlap without a separate air-permeable region.
Idealerweise ist der luftdurchlässige Bereich der beschichteten Papierlage mit ein oder mehreren Perforationen versehen, wobei diese vorzugsweise durch eine Nadelung und/oder ein oder mehrere Schlitzungen ausgebildet sind. Dadurch wird ein ausreichender Luftaustausch durch die beschichtete Papierlage sichergestellt. In einer anderen Variante können die Perforationen als Mikroperforationen ausgebildet sein, die beispielsweise auf elektrischem oder chemischem Wege hergestellt werden können und von Zigarettenpapier bekannt sind.Ideally, the air permeable area of the coated paper layer is provided with one or more perforations, which are preferably formed by a needling and / or one or more slits. This ensures sufficient air exchange through the coated paper layer. In another variant, the perforations may be formed as microperforations, which can be produced for example by electrical or chemical means and are known from cigarette paper.
Alternativ kann der luftdurchlässige Bereich der beschichteten Papierlage durch ein hochporöses Material bereitgestellt sein, das heißt die Papierlage zeichnet sich in dem luftdurchlässigen Bereich durch abweichende Materialeigenschaften aus, die einen Luftaustausch bzw. höheren Luftaustausch gegenüber dem nicht luftdurchlässigen Bereich ermöglichen.Alternatively, the air-permeable area of the coated paper layer may be provided by a highly porous material, that is, the paper layer is characterized in the air-permeable area by deviating material properties that allow an exchange of air or higher air exchange compared to the non-air-permeable area.
Weiterhin ist es denkbar, die beschichtete Papierlage im luftdurchlässigen Bereich durch bereichsweise Aussparung der Beschichtung luftdurchlässig zu gestalten.Furthermore, it is conceivable to make the coated paper layer permeable to air in the air-permeable area by partially recessing the coating.
Ein breiter ausgestalteter Überlappungsbereich erlaubt eine größere Fläche des luftdurchlässigen Bereichs des Überlappungsbereichs und damit eine bessere Belüftung beim Befüllen. Nachteilig bei einem größeren Überlappungsbereich ist der höhere Materialaufwand für die Innenlage. In diesem Zielkonflikt hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Überlappung der Innenlage mindestens 3 % des Sackumfangs, weiter voreilhaft mindestens 10 % des Sackumfangs und noch weiter vorteilhaft mindestens 17 % höchstens aber 25 % des Sackumfangs beträgt.A wider overlap area allows a larger area of the air permeable area of the overlap area and thus better ventilation during filling. A disadvantage of a larger overlap area is the higher material costs for the inner layer. In this conflict of objectives, it has proved to be advantageous if the overlap of the inner layer amounts to at least 3% of the bag circumference, moreover at least 10% of the bag circumference and even more advantageously at least 17% but at most 25% of the bag circumference.
In einer anderen bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die innenliegende und/oder außenliegende Beschichtung, d. h. die gasdichte und/oder wasserresistente/wasserdichte Beschichtung mehrschichtig aufgebaut. Bevorzugt umfasst die gasdichte Beschichtung eine metallisierte Folie und/oder eine Metallfolie. Durch derartige metallisierte Folien bzw. Metallfolien lässt sich eine besonders gute Gasdichtigkeit erreichen. Sehr geeignet als metallisches Material ist Aluminium. Die metallische Gasbarriere sorgt für einen besonders guten Aromaschutz im Lebensmittelbereich.In another preferred embodiment, the inner and / or outer coating, d. H. the gas-tight and / or water-resistant / waterproof coating has a multilayer structure. The gas-tight coating preferably comprises a metallized film and / or a metal foil. By such metallized films or metal foils, a particularly good gas tightness can be achieved. Very suitable as a metallic material is aluminum. The metallic gas barrier ensures particularly good aroma protection in the food industry.
Für die Ausgestaltung einer wasserresistenten bzw. wasserabweisenden Beschichtung eignet sich insbesondere die Verwendung von wenigstens einer Lackschicht und/oder wenigstens einer Wachsschicht und/oder wenigstens einer Kunststoffschicht und/oder wenigstens einer Ölschicht und/oder ebenfalls einer Metallschicht bzw. Metallfolie. Bei einer mehrschichtigen Ausgestaltung der Beschichtung der beschichteten Papierlage kann vorzugsweise über die wasserresistente bzw. wasserabweisende bzw. gasdichte Beschichtung eine zusätzliche Schicht ausgetragen sein, die dem Schutz der untergeordneten Beschichtung dienen soll. Damit wird einer Zerstörung beispielsweise einer Metallfolie bzw. einer Lackschicht vorgebeugt.For the embodiment of a water-resistant or water-repellent coating, the use of at least one lacquer layer and / or at least one wax layer and / or at least one plastic layer and / or at least one oil layer and / or likewise a metal layer or metal foil is particularly suitable. In a multilayer embodiment of the coating of the coated paper layer may preferably be discharged through the water-resistant or water-repellent or gas-tight coating, an additional layer which is to serve the protection of the subordinate coating. This prevents the destruction of, for example, a metal foil or a lacquer layer.
Vorteilhafterweise bildet die gasdichte Beschichtung auch eine Barriere fĂĽr FlĂĽssigkeit, so dass auch eine Abdichtung gegen den Eintritt von Wasser erreicht wird.Advantageously, the gas-tight coating also forms a barrier to liquid, so that a seal against the ingress of water is achieved.
Erfindungsgemäss sind in beiden Varianten gemäss Ansprüchen 1 und 2 zusätzlich in einem mittleren Bereich und/oder im Randbereich der Überlappung zum Sackäußeren zusätzliche Verklebungen vorhanden. Diese Verklebungen stabilisieren den Überlappungsbereich weiter. Vorteilhaft ist es, dass wenigstens eine dieser Verklebungen zumindest teilweise durchlässig, d. h. luftdurchlässig, zum Sackäußeren ausgebildet ist, vorteilhafterweise durch unterbrochene Klebelinien entlang der Kante der Überlappung zum Sackäußeren.According to the invention in both variants according to
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann zusätzlich zu der zum Sackinneren vorgesehenen Verklebung eine mittlere unterbrochene Klebelinie vorgesehen sein, während die im Randbereich der Überlappung zum Sackäußeren vorgesehene Verklebung durchgängig und damit dichtend ist. In diesem Fall ist es zweckmäßig, wenn zusätzlich die zum Sackäußeren gewandte Lage der beschichteten Papierlage im Bereich der Überlappung ebenfalls einen luftdurchlässigen Bereich aufweist. Dieser luftdurchlässige Bereich ist sodann im Bereich zwischen der am äußeren Rand liegenden Verklebung und der mittleren Verklebung vorgesehen.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, in addition to the adhesion provided for the interior of the sack, a central interrupted glue line may be provided, while the gluing provided in the edge region of the overlap with the exterior of the bag is continuous and thus sealing. In this case, it is expedient if, in addition, the position of the coated paper layer facing the outer side of the bag also has an air-permeable region in the region of the overlap. This air-permeable area is then provided in the area between the gluing lying on the outer edge and the middle gluing.
Auch dieser luftdurchlässige Bereich kann beispielsweise durch eine Aussparung der Beschichtung und/oder durch Ausgestaltung der Papierlage in diesem Bereich mit einem hochporösen Material erfolgen. Genauso gut kann der Bereich durch das Vorsehen von einem oder mehreren Perforationen realisiert sein. Die Perforationen sind idealerweise in analoger Weise zu den Perforationen der zum Sackinneren gewandten Lage ausgeführt. Durch die vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung wird ein zusätzlieher Schutz gewährleistet, da ebenfalls nach außen eine hermetisch dichtende Verklebung der äußeren Überlappung sichergestellt wird. Um dennoch einen Luftaustausch nach außen zu ermöglichen, muss daher auch die äußere Überlappung mit einem entsprechenden luftdurchlässigen Bereich ausgestattet sein. Der Luftaustausch zwischen der innenliegenden luftdurchlässigen Ausgestaltung der inneren Papierlage und der außenliegend luftdurchlässig ausgestalteten Papierlage erfolgt durch die mittlere Verklebung, die luftdurchlässig, d. h. als nicht durchgängiger Verklebungsstreifen, ausgeführt ist. Idealerweise liegen die luftdurchlässigen Bereiche der zum Sackinneren und zum Sackäußeren gewandten Lage der Überlappung nicht oder nur geringfügig bzw. teilweise übereinander, um einen verwinkelten Luftkanal von Innen nach Außen zu erzeugen.Also, this air-permeable area can be done for example by a recess of the coating and / or by design of the paper layer in this area with a highly porous material. The area may as well be realized by the provision of one or more perforations. The perforations are ideally carried out in an analogous manner to the perforations of the interior facing the bag. The advantageous embodiment is an additional Protection is ensured, since also to the outside a hermetically sealed bonding of the outer overlap is ensured. In order nevertheless to allow an exchange of air to the outside, therefore, the outer overlap must be equipped with a corresponding air-permeable area. The air exchange between the inner air-permeable configuration of the inner paper layer and the outside air-permeable designed paper layer is carried out by the middle bonding, which is permeable to air, ie as a non-continuous adhesive strip executed. Ideally, the air-permeable areas of the interior of the bag and the exterior of the bag do not overlap, or only slightly or partially over one another, in order to produce an angled air channel from the inside to the outside.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung weist der Papiersack bzw. eine einzelne Papierlage mehrere erfindungsgemäße Überlappungen auf, besonders bevorzugt eine erfindungsgemäße Überlappung auf der Vorderseite des Sackes und eine weitere erfindungsgemäße Überlappung auf der Rückseite des Sackes. So kann die Entlüftung des Sackes beim Befüllen verbessert und auf beiden Seiten verteilt werden.In a further preferred embodiment, the paper bag or a single paper layer has a plurality of overlaps according to the invention, particularly preferably an overlap according to the invention on the front side of the bag and a further overlap according to the invention on the back of the bag. Thus, the ventilation of the bag can be improved during filling and distributed on both sides.
In anderen bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen weist der erfindungsgemäße Papiersack außerhalb der beschichteten Papierlage weitere Papierlagen oder Lagen aus anderen zur Sackherstellung geeigneten Materialien auf. Auch diese Lagen müssen derart ausgebildet sein, dass sie die Luft beim Befüllen nach außen entweichen lassen. Zur Sackherstellung kommen geeignete Materialien, vorzugsweise Papier, beschichtetes Papier, Folie und/oder beschichtete Folie in Betracht. Dies kann bei außenbeschichteten Papiersäcken sinnvoll sein. Die Umhüllung dient dann beispielsweise als zusätzlicher Schutz für den Transport etc.. Um die Wetterbeständigkeit zu erreichen, wird diese zusätzliche Umhüllung abgenommen, und die wenigstens eine Papierlage mit außenliegender wetterfester Beschichtung bildet dann die äußerste Oberfläche des Papiersackes.In other preferred embodiments, the paper bag according to the invention has, outside the coated paper layer, further paper layers or layers of other materials suitable for bag production. These layers must also be designed so that they allow the air to escape to the outside during filling. Suitable sack materials are suitable materials, preferably paper, coated paper, film and / or coated film. This may be useful with paper bags coated on the outside. The wrapper then serves, for example, as additional protection for the transport, etc. In order to achieve the weather resistance, this additional wrapper is removed, and the at least one paper layer with external weatherproof coating then forms the outermost surface of the paper bag.
Diverse Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand der nachstehenden Figuren näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- eine schematische Draufsicht auf einen Ventilsack mit Boden und Oberteil,
- Fig. 2a:
- ein schematischer Querschnitt durch den Papiersack gemäß
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie A-A, - Fig. 2b, 2c:
- zwei weitere Querschnittdarstellungen entlang der Linie A-A gemäß alternativen Beispielen,
- Fig. 3:
- die beschichtete Papierlage einer erfindungsgemässen Ausgestaltungen gemäß den
Fig. 2a, 2b ,2c mit einem vergrößerten Ausschnitt der Überlappung mit Verklebung, - Fig. 4:
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Schichtaufbaus der Beschichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung und
- Figur 5:
- ein Schlauchabschnitt aus der beschichteten Papierlage des Ventilsackes gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel der
Figur 2a .
- Fig. 1:
- a schematic plan view of a valve bag with bottom and top,
- Fig. 2a:
- a schematic cross section through the paper bag according to
Fig. 1 along the line AA, - Fig. 2b, 2c:
- two further cross-sectional views along the line AA according to alternative examples,
- 3:
- the coated paper layer of an inventive embodiments according to the
Fig. 2a, 2b .2c with an enlarged section of the overlap with gluing, - 4:
- an enlarged view of the layer structure of the coating according to the present invention and
- FIG. 5:
- a hose portion of the coated paper layer of the valve bag according to the embodiment of
FIG. 2a ,
Das dargestellte Grundprinzip des Papiersackes der
Grundsätzlich gilt, dass die Beschichtung der Papierlage 20 der
Zusätzlich zu der Verklebung 24 umfasst die Überlappung erfindungsgemäss weitere Verklebestellen 33, 34, wobei die Verklebestelle 33 als unterbrochener Klebestreifen in Längsrichtung des Sackes der
Für eine außenliegende Beschichtung weist die Papierlage 20 an ihrer Innenseite eine Trägerschicht 41 aus Papier auf. Die nach außen nachfolgende Schicht 42a umfasst dann ein wasserresistentes bzw. wasserabweisendes Material, vorzugsweise eine Lackschicht, eine Ölschicht, eine Wachschicht, eine Kunststoffschicht oder eine Metallschicht, die besonders bevorzugt aus Aluminium besteht. Die Schicht 42a wird analog zur Innenbeschichtung durch eine Kunststoffbeschichtung geschützt, die in ihrem Kern 43 aus PET (Polyethylenterephthalat) oder vergleichbaren Kunststoffen besteht. Der Kern 43 ist beidseitig mit einer Oberflächenschicht bzw. Oberflächenbehandlung 44 versehen. Zwischen der Schicht 42 und der Oberflächenbehandlung 44 befindet sich eine Lackschicht 45. Auf der äußeren Oberflächenbehandlung 44 ist eine Koronavorhandlung 46, die dann die äußerste Schicht zum Sackäußeren hin bildet. Die auf der wasserresistenten bzw. wasserabweisenden Schicht 42a aufgebrachte Kunststoffbeschichtung schützt diese Schicht bei der Sackherstellung vor Beschädigungen. Für eine beidseitige Beschichtung kann der beschriebene Schichtaufbau auf beiden Seiten des Trägermaterials 41 aufgebracht sein.For an external coating, the
Zwischen den beiden Verklebungen 24, 33 sind auf der inneren Lage 31 Perforationen 37 in Form von Nadelungen vorgesehen, die den luftdurchlässigen Bereich der Überlappung 22 bilden. Damit kann trotz der dichtenden Verklebung 24 und der Beschichtung der Papierlage 20 Luft während des Füllvorgangs über die Perforationen 37 und die unterbrochene Verklebung 33 nach Außen entweichen. Die Luftdurchlässigkeit kann selbstverständlich auch durch Verwendung eines hochporösen Materials in diesem Bereich der Papierlage 20 erreicht werden. Zudem besteht die Möglichkeit, eine aufgebrachte Beschichtung der Papierlage 20 in diesem Bereich einfach auszusparen um so für die nötige Luftdurchlässigkeit zu sorgen.
Grundsätzlich kann die äußere Lage 32 nach der Verklebung 33 abgeschnitten werden. Ein besserer Schutz des Füllgutes ergibt sich jedoch, wenn die äußere Lage 32 - wie in
Die Luft, welche beim Befüllen des Sackes 10 entsteht und durch die Perforation 37 der zum Sackinneren gewandten Lage 31 entweicht, kann nun durch den zum Sackäußeren gewandten Überlappungsbereich 36 nach außen entweichen.The air which is produced during filling of the
Mit der Erfindung wird eine Reihe von Vorteilen erreicht. Insbesondere kann der Papiersack beim Befüllen durch die Ausgestaltung der Überlappung 22 gut entlüftet werden und durch die gasdichte Beschichtung an der Innenseite bzw. eine wasserresistente Beschichtung auf der Außenseite des Sackes lässt sich ein hoher Produktschutz des Füllgutes bzw. eine wetterbeständige Ausführung des Papiersackes 10 erreichen.With the invention, a number of advantages are achieved. In particular, the paper bag can be well vented during filling by the configuration of the
Die Ausführung der Überlappung 22 kommt beispielsweise nicht nur bei beschichteten Lagen eines Papiersackes zum Einsatz, sondern bietet sich auch für diejenigen Lagen an, die weder auf der Innen- noch auf der Außenseite eine entsprechende Beschichtung aufweisen und grundsätzlich luftdurchlässige Eigenschaften aufweisen. Die Ausgestaltung einer entsprechenden Überlappung mit luftdurchlässigem Bereich ist insbesondere dann wünschenswert, wenn die grundsätzliche Materialeigenschaft der Lage keine ausreichende Luftdurchlässigkeit besitzt. In diesem Fall kann durch die Überlappung und die Ausbildung eines luftdurchlässigen Bereichs mit höherer Luftdurchlässigkeit gegenüber dem verbleibenden Materialbereich der Lage dazu führen, dass beim Befüllen des Papiersackes eine bessere Entlüftung erreicht werden kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund bietet sich die Ausgestaltung eines Papiersackes an, bei dem wenigstens eine beliebige Schicht, beispielsweise die Innen-, Außen- bzw. eine Zwischenschicht mit einer entsprechenden Überlappung versehen ist. Dieser Sack muss nicht zwingend eine beschichtete Papierlage bzw. eine beschichtete Papierlage mit einer Überlappung 22 umfassen.The embodiment of the
In einem weiteren möglichen Szenario kann ebenfalls vorgesehen sein, dass eine als zusätzliche Sperrschicht eingebrachte Lage, die nicht aus Papier besteht, ebenfalls mit der entsprechend beschriebenen Überlappung 22 versehen ist. Eine derartige Sperrschicht kann beispielsweise eine Kunststofffolie sein, die das eingefüllte Füllgut vor eintretender Flüssigkeit bzw. Gasen schützen soll. Um eine ausreichende Entlüftung während der Befüllung des Papiersackes zu erreichen, kann diese Kunststofffolie bzw. eine andere gasdichte Lage mit der entsprechenden Überlappung versehen sein. Dieser Sack muss nicht zwingend eine beschichtete Papierlage bzw. eine beschichtete Papierlage mit einer Überlappung 22 umfassen. Zusätzlich können im Materialbereich der Kunststofffolie außerhalb der Überlappung 22 noch weitere Perorationen bzw. anderweitig ausgeprägte luftdurchlässige Bereiche vorgesehen sein.In another possible scenario, it may also be provided that a layer which is not made of paper and introduced as an additional barrier layer is likewise provided with the correspondingly described
Claims (13)
- A paper sack (10) for bulk material such as cement, gypsum, granulate, animal feed or similar, having a base (2), preferably a cross bottom or block bottom, and having an upper part (3) which is disposed opposite the base (2) and in which a valve tube (4) is optionally arranged for filling the paper sack (10), wherein the paper sack (10) has at least one paper layer (20) having an overlap (22) which is sealingly adhesively bonded toward the sack interior in that the layer (31) of the overlap (22) facing the sack interior is adhesively bonded to the layer (32) of the overlap (22) facing toward the sack exterior; wherein the layer (31) of the paper layer (20) facing the sack interior has an air-permeable region (37) in the region of the overlap (22) which is covered by the layer (32) of the paper layer (20) facing the sack exterior; wherein the at least one paper layer (20) has a water-repellent/water-tight coating (42a) facing the sack exterior at least regionally; and wherein the overlap (22) has additional adhesive bonds (33, 34) in a middle region and/or in the region of its margin to the sack exterior, with at least one of the additional adhesive bonds (33) preferably being permeable to the sack exterior, for example as interrupted adhesive lines in the longitudinal direction of the paper sack (10).
- A paper sack (10) for bulk material such as cement, gypsum, granulate, animal feed or similar, having a base (2), preferably a cross bottom or block bottom, and having an upper part (3) which is disposed opposite the base (2) and in which a valve tube (4) is optionally arranged for filling the paper sack (10), wherein the paper sack (10) has at least one coated paper layer (20), having a gas-tight coating (42) facing the sack interior; wherein the coated paper layer (20) has an overlap (22) which is sealingly adhesively bonded toward the sack interior in that the layer (31) of the overlap (22) facing the sack interior is adhesively bonded to the layer (32) of the overlap (22) facing toward the sack exterior; wherein the layer (31) of the paper layer (20) facing the sack interior has an air-permeable region (37) in the region of the overlap (22) which is covered by the layer (32) of the paper layer (20) facing the sack exterior; wherein the paper sack (10) is of multi-layer design and a conventional layer (18), in particular a paper layer, is arranged between the filling material and the at least one paper layer (20); and wherein the overlap (22) has additional adhesive bonds (33, 34) in a middle region and/or in the region of its margin to the sack exterior, with at least one of the additional adhesive bonds (33) preferably being permeable to the sack exterior, for example as interrupted adhesive lines in the longitudinal direction of the paper sack (10).
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coated paper layer (20) is coated at both sides, in particular with an inwardly disposed gas-tight coating (42) and with an outwardly disposed water-repellent/water-tight coating (42a).
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water-repellent/water-tight coating (42a) of the paper layer (20) facing the sack exterior forms the outer surface of the paper sack (10).
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paper sack (10) has a further paper layer (20) having an overlap (22) which is sealingly adhesively bonded toward the sack interior and the layer (31) of the paper layer (20) facing toward the sack interior has an air-permeable region (37) in the region of the overlap (20) which is covered by the layer (32) of the paper layer (20) facing the sack exterior, and with this paper layer (20) being coated in a gas-tight manner at the inner side and/or being coated in a water-repellent or water-tight manner at the outer side.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the paper sack (10) comprises one or more conventional inner layers and/or outer layers (18, 21), in particular paper layers.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air-permeable region (37) of the coated paper layer comprises an uncoated region and/or a highly porous material and/or perforations (37), with the perforation preferably being formed by needling and/or one or more slits.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with the preceding claim, characterized in that the overlap (22) of the paper layer (20) amounts to at least 3% of the sack periphery, preferably at least 10% of the sack periphery, and further preferably at least 17% to a maximum of 25% of the sack periphery.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (42, 42a) of the coated paper layer is of multi-layer design.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (42, 42a) of the coated paper layer (20) comprises at least one metal layer (42) and/or at least one lacquer layer (42a) and/or at least one oil layer and/or at least one wax layer and/or at least one plastic layer.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer (32) of the coated paper layer (20) facing the sack exterior has an air-permeable region (36) in the region of the overlap (22), in particular in the form of a coating omission and/or of a highly porous material and/or of perforations, with the perforation preferably being formed by needling and/or by one or more slits, with this air-permeable region (36) preferably not overlapping or only partly overlapping with the air-permeable region (37) of the layer (31) facing the sack interior.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one paper layer (20) has further overlaps (22) which are configured in accordance with one of the preceding claims, preferably such that one overlap is formed on the front side (5) of the sack and a further one is formed on the rear side.
- A paper sack (10) in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more further material layers (21) are present as a covering of the coated paper layer (20), which further material layers allow air to escape to the outside on the filling of the paper sack (10) and which are formed from materials suitable for sack manufacture, preferably from paper, coated paper, film and/or coated film.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL14808494T PL3092179T3 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2014-11-26 | Paper sack |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202014000194.4U DE202014000194U1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2014-01-10 | paper bags |
PCT/EP2014/003162 WO2015104038A1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2014-11-26 | Paper bag |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3092179A1 EP3092179A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
EP3092179B1 true EP3092179B1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
Family
ID=52011134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14808494.0A Active EP3092179B1 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2014-11-26 | Paper sack |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10144552B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3092179B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6615101B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102331469B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN106232492B (en) |
BR (1) | BR112016015951B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202014000194U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3092179T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2709851T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1232196A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX371175B (en) |
MY (1) | MY178121A (en) |
PL (1) | PL3092179T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2015104038A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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NO2768978T3 (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2018-04-21 | ||
WO2016166777A1 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-20 | Fiorini Packaging S.P.A. | Water resistant bag |
TR201603887A2 (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-06-21 | Yozgat Kraft Torba Sanayi Ve Ticaret A S | |
GR2003112Y (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-26 | Yozgat Kraft Torba Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi | Progressions to kraft sacks that are used to store industrial purpose dust and granule product |
DE102017001760A1 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2018-08-23 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Multi-ply bag |
DE202017001357U1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2018-06-14 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Multi-layer valve bag |
DE102017004268B4 (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2019-05-16 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Multi-ply bag |
DE202017103128U1 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-08-24 | Bischof + Klein Se & Co. Kg | Ventable valve bag |
DE202018100246U1 (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-04-30 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Multi-ply bag |
DE102018114001A1 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-12 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Multi-ply bag |
DE202018105191U1 (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2019-12-12 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Bag for bulk goods |
IT202000013471A1 (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-12-05 | Fiorini Packaging S P A | Bag free of plastic elements with high protection against humidity and water |
DE202021106846U1 (en) | 2021-12-16 | 2023-03-28 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | Multi-layer paper sack |
DE202023100291U1 (en) | 2023-01-20 | 2024-04-25 | Dy-Pack Verpackungen Gustav Dyckerhoff Gmbh | bag |
GB202412811D0 (en) | 2023-09-06 | 2024-10-16 | Fiorini Packaging Spa | Bag with high water vapor barrier |
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DE2319672C3 (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1986-02-13 | Wilhelmstal-Werke Gmbh Papiersackfabriken, 7590 Achern | Multi-layer sack |
JPS5743791Y2 (en) * | 1978-08-04 | 1982-09-27 | ||
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JPH01179198A (en) * | 1988-01-08 | 1989-07-17 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Rejecting system |
DE4303894C2 (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1996-05-09 | Haver & Boecker | Method for producing a packaging material that can be filled with a bulk material and is flat when empty |
JPH10258845A (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-09-29 | Kanpai:Kk | Water dispersion cement bag |
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JP3215658B2 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 2001-10-09 | 大倉工ćĄć ŞĺĽŹäĽšç¤ľ | Granule storage bag |
JP2000153855A (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2000-06-06 | Oji Paper Co Ltd | Easily peelable moisture-proof multi-layer bag |
JP2003170945A (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-17 | Kyoei Hoso:Kk | Storage bag |
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2014
- 2014-01-10 DE DE202014000194.4U patent/DE202014000194U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2014-11-26 DK DK14808494.0T patent/DK3092179T3/en active
- 2014-11-26 KR KR1020167021136A patent/KR102331469B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-26 ES ES14808494T patent/ES2709851T3/en active Active
- 2014-11-26 JP JP2016545886A patent/JP6615101B2/en active Active
- 2014-11-26 PL PL14808494T patent/PL3092179T3/en unknown
- 2014-11-26 CN CN201480077050.8A patent/CN106232492B/en active Active
- 2014-11-26 EP EP14808494.0A patent/EP3092179B1/en active Active
- 2014-11-26 US US15/110,792 patent/US10144552B2/en active Active
- 2014-11-26 MX MX2016008904A patent/MX371175B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-26 BR BR112016015951-9A patent/BR112016015951B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-26 WO PCT/EP2014/003162 patent/WO2015104038A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-11-26 MY MYPI2016702482A patent/MY178121A/en unknown
-
2017
- 2017-06-12 HK HK17105763.5A patent/HK1232196A1/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE202014000194U1 (en) | 2015-04-14 |
MX2016008904A (en) | 2016-12-09 |
JP6615101B2 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
KR20160108402A (en) | 2016-09-19 |
MX371175B (en) | 2020-01-21 |
HK1232196A1 (en) | 2018-01-05 |
BR112016015951A2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
KR102331469B1 (en) | 2021-11-29 |
CN106232492B (en) | 2020-02-07 |
CN106232492A (en) | 2016-12-14 |
PL3092179T3 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
DK3092179T3 (en) | 2019-01-07 |
WO2015104038A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
BR112016015951B1 (en) | 2021-07-20 |
ES2709851T3 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
US10144552B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
JP2017501946A (en) | 2017-01-19 |
MY178121A (en) | 2020-10-05 |
US20160332781A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
EP3092179A1 (en) | 2016-11-16 |
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