EP3089871A1

EP3089871A1 - Luminous glass panel comprising an optical insulator, and production thereof

Info

Publication number: EP3089871A1
Application number: EP14831012.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Matthieu BERARD; Brice DUBOST; Stéphanie MORLENS; Mauricette Rondet
Original assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS; Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Current assignee: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority date: 2013-12-31
Filing date: 2014-12-23
Publication date: 2016-11-09
Also published as: FR3015926B1; EA201691350A1; CA2931234A1; JP2017504938A; FR3015926A1; US20160325528A1; US10252494B2; CN104884248A; MX2016008601A; KR20160105449A; WO2015101745A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a luminous glass panel (100) (and to the production thereof), said glass panel comprising: - a first glass substrate (1) that is made of mineral glass and is in optical contact with a second glass substrate (1'); - a polymer layer selected from among a lamination insert (7) which is associated with a tinted and/or reflective element (1'), and/or an opaque polymer encapsulation; - a porous silica layer (2) underneath the polymer layer; - a light source (4) that is optically coupled to the first glass substrate, and light extraction means (6) that are associated with the first glass substrate; - a protective transparent mineral coating (3), which is made of silica and is disposed directly on the porous silica layer and directly underneath the polymer layer.

Description

LUMINOUS GLAZING WITH OPTICAL ISOLATOR AND ITS MANUFACTURE

The present invention relates to the field of lighting and more particularly relates to a light glazing with optical isolator and its manufacture.

It is known to form a luminous glazing by illuminating a glass by the edge with LEDs. The light thus injected is guided by total internal reflection inside this glass thanks to the index contrast with the surrounding materials. This light is then extracted using scattering patterns.

The document WO2008 / 059170 proposes in connection with FIG. 11, a lighting roof 1 "with illumination by the slice comprising:

a first glass, of optical index n1 equal to approximately 1.5, for example a clear or extraclear glass,

- a tinted glass in the mass,

a lamination interlayer, between the first and second glasses, for example a polyvinyl butyral,

a discontinuous porous silica gel sol layer forming an optical separator, deposited on the first glass, the layer being of optical index n2 equal to 1.1 and of thickness 400 nm,

a source of illumination by the edge of the first substrate, in the form of electroluminescent diodes, preferably housed in a groove of the first lens 1,

an inner backscattering network between the porous layer and the first substrate, in the form of patterns of dimensions adapted according to the desired illumination.

However this solution is not robust enough or at least its efficiency is not optimal, it is better still to control the extraction of light at one or well defined points for example well distributed on the surface of the glass.

To overcome these drawbacks, the invention proposes as a first object a luminous glazing comprising:

a first glass substrate, of mineral glass (transparent, clear, extraclear), of refractive index n1 of less than 1.65 light, extraclear), of refractive index n1 of less than 1.65 at 550 nm and even at 1 , 6, better in the whole of the visible spectrum, and even less than 1, 55 or even even 1, 5, in particular from 1, 45 to 1, 55 with first and second main faces and a slice, and, in optical contact with the first glass substrate: a polymeric layer, in optical contact with the first glass substrate, chosen from at least one of the following elements:

a lamination interlayer of thermoplastic material associated with a tinted and / or diffusing and / or reflective element (mirror, spy mirror) and / or

an opaque polymeric encapsulation or a polymeric encapsulation primer, in particular opaque, under an opaque polymeric encapsulation,

an optical isolator, on the first glass substrate (especially directly, at least outside the zone (s) with light extraction means) and under the polymeric layer, the insulator comprising (better is constituted) a porous silica layer of thickness e2 of at least 400nm and preferably at most 1.5μη "ΐ, better still at least 600nm, of refractive index n2 at 550nm (better in the entire visible spectrum) of at most 1, 35, preferably at most 1, 25 and even less than

1, 2

a light source (visible), preferably a set of electroluminescent diodes (aligned, in particular in a row) or an extracting optical fiber, optically coupled to the first glass substrate, preferably by the wafer, called the coupling wafer, or alternatively optically coupled to one of the main faces (in particular with a hole for accommodating diodes), the first glass substrate, said guide glass guiding the light emitted by the light source,

- Preferably light extraction means (resulting from the guide) associated with the guide glass (optionally sold separately or in a luminous glazing kit and / or added by the user) - including diffusing means on the side of the first main face and / or the side of (even preferably on) the second main face and / or in the mass of the guide glass - light extraction means possibly forming a concentrator of the light.

The possible polymeric encapsulation and primary encapsulation is also preferably opposite the wafer, in particular without hindering said optical coupling (in particular further from the coupling wafer than the light source).

The luminous glazing further comprises a protective coating, mineral and transparent, directly on the porous silica layer and directly under the polymeric layer. The protective coating comprises (even consists of) a silica layer with a thickness e3 greater than 50nm and an index of refraction n3 of at least 1.4 at 550 nm and even at least 1.42, even at least 1.44.

Here is the guide glass which is coated with the optical isolator.

The lamination interlayer may be tinted and / or laminated with a second tinted glass substrate, of mineral or organic glass and / or carrier of a tinted film on the interlayer lamination side or main face opposite the lamination.

The laminating interlayer can be laminated with a second glass substrate made of mineral or organic glass, the second substrate with a so-called principal surface bonded to the lamination interlayer, bonding face coated with a decorative layer and / or masking in particular an enamel and / or a paint (lacquer) or a reflective layer, peripheral and optical coupling side (frame), or distributed and even substantially covering the bonding face.

Under the paint (lacquer), there may be a transparent adhesion primer preferably.

Alternatively we can have:

- the following sequence: guide glass / optical isolator / protective coating / laminating interlayer (PVB) with paint or decorative ink (/ second glass substrate (transparent, tinted)),

- the following sequence: guide glass / optical isolator / protective coating / laminating interlayer / a decorative element (film with decorative paint, etc.) / other lamination interlayer (transparent, tinted) / second glass substrate (transparent, tinted) .

A laminated glazing glazing with a possible primary undercoat adhesion is described in WO2009 / 081077. In order to optimize the adhesion between the paint and a possible interlay sheet of polymeric lamination, the paint is preferably subjected to the action of a plasma, in particular by a treatment of the corona discharge type, before heat treatment. For the same purpose, it is also possible to deposit on the paint silanes, for example by spraying or scouring. These treatments make it possible to use paints, especially lacquers, whose adhesion with the polymer interlayer sheets is naturally weak. They nevertheless generate an additional cost and are therefore not preferred.

The lamination interlayer can be laminated with a second glass substrate (preferably) or organic glass, the second substrate with a so-called principal face bonded to the lamination interlayer, the bonding face or the opposite face comprises a diffusing layer (deposit, in particular reported plastic element, especially bonded with an optical adhesive) and / or said second substrate is diffusing and / or a diffusing element is between the protective coating and the lamination interlayer in particular partially covering the protective coating or in other words partially between the protective coating and the interlayer, leaving lamination interlayer and protective coating in contact in one or more zones.

Can we have :

- the following sequence: guide glass / optical isolator / protective coating / laminating interlayer (PVB) with paint or diffusing ink (on the main face of the interlayer opposite the main face side protective coating ) / second glass substrate

(transparent or tinted),

- or the following sequence: guide glass / optical isolator / protective coating / lamination interlayer / a diffusing element (film with paint etc) / other lamination interlayer / second glass substrate (transparent or tinted).

A diffusing element is conventionally a surface texturing of height between 100 nm and Ι ΟΟμηη, preferably micrometric, or a matrix with diffusing particles. It may alternatively be a liquid crystal system as described later.

If the guide glass is laminated via the spacer, its main face connected to the spacer is said inner face and the opposite main face said outer face.

Another object of the invention is a luminous glazing comprising:

a glass substrate, made of mineral glass (transparent, clear, extraclear) or organic glass, of refractive index n1 of less than 1.65 to 550 nm, even at 1, 6, in particular from 1.45 to 1.55, better in the all of the visible spectrum, with main faces and a slice, laminated by a main face so-called bonding face to another glass substrate, via a laminating interlayer made of thermoplastic material (transparent, clear, extraclear, diffusing being part of the means of extraction),

the other glass substrate, made of mineral glass with a first main face, called the laminating face, second tinted and / or diffusing glass substrate and / or carrier of a tinted and / or diffusing and / or reflective element on the opposite main face at the laminating face,

an optical isolator directly on the lamination face, particularly directly, at least outside the zone (s) with light extraction means and under the interlayer, the insulator comprising (better being constituted by) a porous silica layer of e2 thickness of at least 400nm and preferably at most 1, 5μιτι, better still at least 600nm, of refractive index n2 at 550nm (better in the visible spectrum as a whole) of at most 1, 35, preferably at most 1, And even less than 1, 2, the other glass substrate being called isolated substrate,

a light source (visible), preferably a set of electroluminescent diodes (aligned, in particular in a row) or an extracting optical fiber, optically coupled to the first glass substrate, preferably by the wafer, called the coupling wafer, or alternatively optically coupled to one of the main faces (in particular with a hole for accommodating diodes), the first glass substrate, said guide substrate, guiding the light emitted by the source,

preferably light extraction means (resulting from the guide) associated with the guide substrate (optionally sold separately or in a luminous glazing kit and / or added by the user) - in particular diffusing means of the laminating side and / or on the opposite side (even preferably on the so-called outer face) and / or in the mass of the guiding substrate - light extraction means possibly forming a concentrator of the light.

This luminous glazing further comprises a protective coating, mineral and transparent, directly on the porous silica layer and directly under the lamination interlayer. The protective coating comprises (even consists of) a silica layer with a thickness e3 greater than 50nm and a refractive index n3 of at least 1.4 to 550nm and even at least 1.42 even at least 1, 44.

Here, it is the separate insulated substrate of the guide substrate which is coated with the optical isolator.

This luminous glazing may also comprise, if the guide substrate is mineral on the main face, said outer face, opposite to the connecting face, at the periphery:

another optical isolator directly on the lamination face, the insulator comprising a porous silica layer with a thickness e2 of at least 400 nm and preferably at most 1.5 μm, better still at least 600 nm, refractive index n2 at 550 nm (better in the visible spectrum as a whole) of at most 1, 35, preferably at most 1, 25 and even less than 1, 2, the other glass substrate being referred to as an isolated substrate preferably identical to said optical isolator,

another protective coating, mineral and transparent, directly on the porous silica layer, preferably identical to said protective coating (nature or even thickness) in particular which comprises (even consists of) a silica layer with a thickness e3 greater than 50 nm and a refractive index n3 of at least 1 , 4 to 550 nm and even at least 1.42, even at least 1.44, an opaque polymeric encapsulation or a polymeric encapsulation primer, in particular opaque, under an opaque polymeric encapsulation, at the periphery and preferably under the slice of the guide substrate.

The Applicant has found that by directly applying the lamination interlayer to the porous silica layer (on the guide glass or the insulated substrate) its optical isolator function was lost.

It is likely that pores, especially those open at the surface, of the porous layer are polluted at the time of manufacture and that pollutants remain trapped in the pores even after heat treatment (for lamination).

The Applicant has also found that by directly applying a polymeric encapsulation primer or a polymeric encapsulation on the porous silica layer its function of optical isolator was decreased.

In the absence of optical isolator, optical losses are particularly significant when a tinted element has a T _L less than 85% especially for a thickness (reference) of 4mm or even 2mm. TL is measured in a conventional way according to EN410 standard with illuminant D65 and a spectrophotometer.

Even a reflecting element, especially a specular element, in particular a mirror, a silver mirror or a spy mirror, can advantageously be optically isolated for better guidance. Examples of mirror mirror layers are described in WO2012 / 035258.

The protective coating preferably covers the entire surface of the porous silica layer for simplicity even where appropriate in one or more areas without the polymeric layer.

Advantageously, the thickness e3 is at least 80 nm or at least

100nm and better at least 180nm. And n3 at least 1, 42 even at least 1, 44.

The (dense) silica layer may be preferably submicron and even at most 500 nm.

The choice of n3 reveals that the protective coating is dense. It is devoid of through pores (of size equal to e3 or of the order of e3 is size / e3 between 1 and 2) and even it can be considered that it is essentially devoid of pores at least with a lower volume fraction at 10%, better at 5%. The dense silica layer preferably comprises a solid phase (essentially) continuous, rather than a solid phase mainly in the form of (nano) particles or crystallites.

A dense silica layer (in particular not intentionally rendered porous) conventionally has a refractive index at 550nm of the order of 1.45 if deposited by physical vapor deposition and between 1.42 and 1.46 if obtained by gel sol.

In tests, the Applicant has found that with a thickness of less than 50 nm the pollutant barrier of the porous silica layer was insufficient.

In the case of lamination in particular, the optical losses are gradually decreased beyond 50 nm. From 80nm we see a good improvement in guiding, 120nm improved guidance and 230nm excellent guidance.

Choose a silica-based protective coating is the simplest solution while being efficient. In an alternative, the protective coating could comprise, better consist of a nitride, an oxide, an oxynitride preferably one of the following elements: Ti, Zr, Al, or one of the following elements W, Sb , Hf, Ta, V, Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Sn, Zn, Ce. It can be a sol-gel layer or a deposited layer physically or chemically. The thickness e3 of the protective coating would be adjusted to fulfill its protective function according to its nature and, indirectly, as a function of its density.

Preferably the polymeric layer is in contact with the protective coating over its entire surface. Preferably, in particular, between the lamination face of the insulated substrate (or the inner face of the guide eye) and the protective coating, no element is interposed, or at least preferably a layer deposited on the polymeric layer is preferably excluded. or on the protective coating.

The first glass substrate assembly (guide glass), porous silica layer and protective coating may have a light transmission T _L of at least 80% and even at least 90% especially for a glass thickness (reference ) of 4mm or even 2mm.

The transparency of the protective coating makes it possible in particular to preserve the vision through the luminous glazing or even the tint conferred by the tinted element.

The transparency of the protective coating makes it possible in particular to preserve the vision of a decorative element, for example a paint (in particular a lacquer) in particular on the second glass substrate or the insulated substrate (and / or an enamel on the second substrate glass or insulated substrate, enamel or paint (lacquer) distributed on a surface of the second glass substrate (bond face or opposite face) or of the insulated substrate (opposite face to face of lamination), substantially covering this surface or in discrete patterns or at the edge (side and / or longitudinal bands, frame) .

Transparency is here taken in a broad sense, involving a vision through, the protective coating may be colorless or tinted, neutral color or bright color. The protective coating may even be adjusted depending on the color of the dyed element, in particular the second glass substrate or the insulated substrate and / or the lamination interlayer, itself dyed for additional color, in the production with the guide glass. The protective coating may for example be adjusted depending on the color of the paint and / or enamel used for decorative purposes, for additional color.

The paint or enamel is generally opaque but may alternatively allow more light to pass, for example applied in a thin layer and / or by adjusting the level of charges in the binder.

The protective coating may be colored by nature (of the matrix) and / or for example by addition of coloring additives, may contain as a colloid of metal, metal oxide or metal salt. As sol-gel of colored silica, examples of the document WO2013 / 054041 may be mentioned.

For simplicity, a protective coating may be preferred without additives or fillers, or more largely without (nano) particles.

The transparency of the protective coating can allow to apply it directly in a given area (or more areas) on the bonding face or the lamination face if the optical isolator is discontinuous. Then preferably the protective coating is chosen refractive index n3 at 550 nm (better in the entire visible spectrum) such that the difference n3-n1, in absolute value or not (especially with n3> n1), is less than 0.1 better than 0.05.

If the extraction means are above the lamination interlayer, further away from the guiding substrate, the lamination interlayer may preferably be of refractive index n3 at 550 nm (better in the whole visible spectrum) such that the difference at n.sub.3 -n.sub.1, in absolute value or not (especially with n.sub.3> n.sub.1), is less than 0.1 better than at most 0.05.

If the optical isolator is discontinuous and the extraction means are above the lamination interlayer, farther from the guide glass, the lamination interlayer may preferably be of refractive index n3 at 550 nm (better in the visible spectrum as a whole) such that the deviation at n'3-n1 in absolute value or not (especially with n'3> n1) is less than 0.1 better than at most 0.05. The outer face of the guide glass opposite to the inner face or the outer face opposite to the bonding face may be coated on the periphery of the polymeric encapsulation or the encapsulation primer and the polymeric encapsulation.

In the case of the encapsulation primer and / or the encapsulation, the transparency of the protective coating is not essential however it may be desired to use the same coating as for the laminating interlayer in the case of a laminated glazing unit , to simplify. However, the luminous glazing with a polymeric encapsulation may be possibly monolithic (with a single inorganic glass, not laminated).

However, in many applications the lamination is required, laminating with a glass mineral preferably glass substrate, for example for a laminated glazed partition, a laminated entry glazed door, a laminated vehicle glazing (roof, windshield and same side window).

Between the guide glass and a second glass substrate, said interlayer may be:

- transparent, especially clear or extraclear

or diffusing (in volume rather than surface texturing) or carrier of a diffusing layer for example, an ink, a printed layer, for example local, and forming part or forming the extraction means if the optical isolator is discontinuous.

The second glass substrate (flexible, rigid or semi-rigid) of mineral glass may be clear, extraclear or even diffusing or carrying a diffusing element (deposit, film attached) for example on the other side of its bonding face with the interlayer.

Between the guiding substrate and the other glass substrate, said lamination interlayer may be:

- Transparent especially preferably clear or extraclair, (possibly slightly tinted)

or diffusing (in volume rather than surface texturing) or carrier of a diffusing layer for example, an ink, a printed layer, for example local, and forming part or forming the extraction means. For an automotive glazing, the second glass substrate, made of mineral glass, is preferably tinted (in particular for a car roof) and better still the lamination interlayer is also tinted or the insulated substrate is tinted (in particular for a car roof ). The thickness of the glass substrates is preferably at most 3 mm. Table 1 below gives examples of glass sold by the Applicant. They are suitable for all windows of a vehicle, they are soaked or laminated. SGS THERMOCONTROL ® Absorbing / Venus glass improves thermal comfort by absorbing the energy load in the glass mass. These glasses are divided into two categories: "Vision" (Light Transmission> 70%) and "Privacy" (Light Transmission <70%).

Table 1

The "Vision" lens is suitable for all types of glazing in the vehicle: green / blue / gray and provides reduced energy transmission (TE). The most popular color for this purpose is green. It was chosen because of its neutral appearance that does not affect the color harmony of a vehicle.

The "Privacy" glass is a tinted glazing for thermal comfort and privacy. It is a dark green or dark gray stained glass. To ensure privacy, this glazing has light transmission values that are below 70%, generally around 55% or less. Because of its hue dark, this type of glass also ensures a low UV transmission (UV rays can cause skin irritation).

In most countries, Venus / Privacy glass is suitable for rear side windows (after pillar B), rear window and roof. The only exception is the United States, where over-glazed glazing is prohibited on light-duty vehicles (except sunroof) and, therefore, they are only used on commercial vehicles (after pillar B). The application on sunroofs is accepted worldwide, regardless of the type of car.

Current European legislation requires a minimum light transmission of 75% on the windshields and 70% on the front doors.

SGS THERMOCONTROL ® Venus consists of dark gray or dark green stained glass. They have all the thermal advantages of the "Vision" type glass (SGS THERMOCONTROL ® Type) with improved sun protection:

- lower values in energy transmission (compared to all other glass solutions),

- its dark color also blocks the UV radiation, which is responsible for the irritation of the skin and the discoloration of the cabin,

- offers greater privacy for the passengers of the vehicle (it is difficult to see through the glass from the outside).

As a lamination interlayer, in particular with a thickness of at most

1, 3mm, or even submillimetric, in particular 0.38mm or 0.76mm, one can choose in particular a sheet (or more sheets) of thermoplastic material for example polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU ).

We can mention the products called Saflex® Solutia society.

The luminous glazing may comprise an electrically controllable system with variable optical properties, in particular liquid crystal, optical valve, electrochromic, and even thermochromic or thermotropic, between the guiding substrate and the protective coating, in particular by partially covering the protective coating (or in other words partially between the protective coating and the interlayer, leaving lamination interlayer and protective coating in contact in one or more zones) or further away from the guide glass than the optical isolator.

In a laminated glazing unit according to the invention, the following system may be used: said lamination / support interlayer (plastic film) / first electrode / electrically controllable optical system / second electrode / support (plastic film) / another lamination interlayer / second glass substrate or insulated substrate. As a support can be chosen a poly (ethylene terephthalate) said PET. As an electrically controllable optical system liquid crystals, an optical valve (SPD), electrochromic, can be preferred.

The electrically controllable liquid crystal optical system may occupy all or part of the surface of the light glazing. It may possibly be part of or form the light extraction means.

The liquid crystals described in the applications EP964288, EP0823653A1, EP0825478A1, EP0964288A3 and EP1405131 may be mentioned.

The second glass substrate (laminated by the interlayer) can also be organic glass including flexible such as:

a poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) preferably laminated with PVB or EVA, functional PET (tinted, diffusing),

or a polyester optionally with a "hard" layer such as a siloxane,

or a thermosetting PU laminated with a PU thermoplastic interlayer as described in document EP132198.

The second glass substrate may also be organic glass (rigid, semi-rigid) such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC).

The guiding substrate (laminated with the interlayer) can also be organic glass including flexible (rigid, semi-rigid) such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC).

The luminous glazing, preferably laminated (with mineral or organic glass) especially with said interlayer laminating organic layer, may be part of a double or triple glazing, such as a building or vehicle window (train etc) or a door of building or vehicle (train etc). In this case, it is preferable to leave a transparent zone on most of the luminous glazing, in particular the central zone (glass clear) with any (local) extraction pattern (s). It is also preferred to place the light glazing on the interior side of the building or the vehicle.

The luminous glazing can even be part of a double glazing of a refrigerated equipment door, in particular vertical. In this case, it is preferable to leave a transparent zone on most of the luminous glazing (clear of glass) with a possible pattern (s) (local) of extraction. The bright glazing may be the outermost of the equipment.

The face opposite to the lamination face or the bonding face may be free, or less accessible and / or used for assembly.

The porous silica layer may be a compact stack of silica nanoparticles, for example obtained by the sol-gel route, or preferably a silica layer comprising a silica matrix (otherwise known as a silica network) containing pores and preferably obtained by sol-gel route. We prefer everything particularly a porous layer having a solid phase (substantially) continuous, thus forming the dense walls of the pores, rather than a solid phase mainly in the form of (nano) particles or crystallites.

To manufacture the porous gel sol layer, there are various porogenic agents. The document EP1329433 thus discloses a porous silica layer prepared from a tetraethoxysilane sol (TEOS) hydrolyzed in an acid medium with a pore-forming agent based on polyethylene glycol tert phenyl ether (called Triton) at a concentration of between 5 and 50 g. / l. The combustion of this pore-forming agent at 500 ° C. frees the pores. This non-localized pore-forming agent is of indeterminate form and spreads uncontrollably through the structure.

Other known porogenic agents such as micelles of cationic surfactant molecules in solution and, optionally, in hydrolysed form, or of anionic, nonionic surfactants, or amphiphilic molecules, for example block copolymers. Such agents generate pores in the form of small-width channels or more or less round pores of small size between 2 and 5 nm.

A porous silica layer obtained with a particulate pore-forming agent is preferred, such as polymeric beads, which in turn allows better control of the pore size, in particular access to larger sizes, better control of the pore organization in particular. a homogeneous distribution, as well as a better control of the pore rate in the layer and a better reproducibility. The polymeric beads may be a polymeric core and a mineral bark.

The smallest characteristic pore size may be even more preferably greater than or equal to 30 nm and preferably less than 120 nm better than 100 nm. And preferably also, the largest characteristic pore size may be even more preferably greater than or equal to 30 nm and preferably less than 120 nm better than 100 nm.

The largest dimension factor divided by smaller dimension may be less than 2 and even 1, 5.

In a preferred embodiment, the porous silica layer is a silica matrix with closed pores (preferably defined by the walls of the silica) in volume, and in particular an open porosity at the surface, in particular closed pores of substantially oval or substantially spherical, each of smaller dimension of at least 30nm and larger dimension of at most 120nm, preferably between 75nm and 100nm (preferably included), with e3 greater than the largest pore size and preferably submicron.

The porous layer with closed pores in volume is mechanically stable, it does not collapse even at high pore concentrations. The pores can be easily separated from each other, well individualized.

The pores may have an elongated shape, especially in rice grain. Even more preferentially, the pores may have a substantially spherical or oval shape. It is preferred that the majority of the closed pores, or even at least 80% of them, have a given substantially identical shape, in particular elongated, substantially spherical or oval.

The majority of closed pores, (even between 80% or even 95% or better all), may preferably have a smaller characteristic dimension, and preferably a larger dimension also, between 75 and 100 nm (preferably inclusive). .

In the porous layer, the pores may be of different sizes, although this is not preferred.

The porosity may be further monodisperse in size, the pore size then being calibrated to a minimum value of 30 nm, preferably 40 nm and even more preferably 50 nm and preferably less than 120 nm.

The volume proportion of pores may preferably be greater than 50% and even 65% and preferably less than 85%.

It should be noted however that the maximum volume fraction of 74% is the theoretical maximum value applied to a stack of spheres of identical size, whatever it may be.

The guide glass or the substrate insulated with the sol gel layer and the protective coating (preferably sol gel) may have been heat-treated, at a temperature greater than or equal to 450 ° C., preferably greater than or equal to 600 ° C. in particular is even a tempered glass, curved soaked.

Preferably, for simplicity, the porous silica layer is a sol-gel layer and the protective coating comprises, better consists of a layer of sol-gel silica rather than a physical vapor deposition PVD including magnetron ( that is, magnetron sputtering) of the silica (or other oxide) layer are more expensive and time consuming because of the electrical insulating nature of the silica and complicating manufacture.

The porous silica and / or the silica of the protective coating may be an organic mineral hybrid. The porous silica and / or the silica of the protective coating can be doped. The doping elements may preferably be chosen from Al, Zr, B, Sn, Zn. The dopant is introduced to replace the Si atoms in a molar percentage that can preferably reach 10%, even more preferably up to 5%. The extraction means may be on the lamination side, closer to the guiding substrate than the protective liner.

In one embodiment, the porous silica layer partially covers the guide glass or the insulated substrate, thus presenting a first so-called optical isolation zone further comprising the protective coating and the laminating interlayer, the first zone of optical isolation preferably closer to the light source than the extraction means.

And a zone, said light zone, adjacent (adjacent) and preferably contiguous (contiguous) to the first optical isolation zone comprises the extraction means (all or part) so laminated side.

These extraction means, in particular formed by a scattering layer, are

- directly on the guide glass,

- or further than the lamination interlayer guide glass.

or directly on the lamination interlayer, face facing the guide glass or guide substrate or face opposite to the guide glass or the guide substrate.

Optionally, the porous silica layer is discontinuous, thus presenting a second so-called optical isolation zone further comprising the protective coating and the laminating interlayer, the so-called second optical insulation zone, the extraction zone being between the first and second the second optical isolation zone in particular contiguous with the first and the second optical isolation zone.

The diffusing layer may be a paint, especially a lacquer, preferably:

on the second laminated glass substrate by the guide glass spacer

or on the laminated interlayer with the second glass substrate. The light zone (s) can be:

- with decorative function, ambient light (in one or more shape patterns and / or distinct colors, joined or spaced apart)

and or

- provide architectural lighting

- provide directional lighting (concentrator light extraction means)

- with one or more signaling and / or commercial motifs (LOGO etc.) of distinct shape and / or color, joined or spaced apart

The light extracted from the extraction pattern may flash, change color by means of controlling the light source, for example a set of diodes emitting white or red, green, blue and preferably also white.

For the extraction of light, diffusion means are used, for example formed either by a surface treatment of sandblasting type glass, acid etching, enamel or diffusing paste deposit, or by treatment in the bulk of the glass of glass. type laser engraving.

The diffusing extraction means are preferably in the form of a surface texturing, in particular of the first or of the second face, or of a diffusing layer, in particular an enamel, a paint, an ink (white preferably or otherwise in functions areas of need) or a diffusing sticker (removable).

The extraction means form a light concentrator (directed light emission) for example

reflecting means facing extraction means for reflecting the extracted rays in a given direction as described in FR2989176,

- lens as described in WO2005 / 018283,

first beveled glass substrate, in particular with an acute angle less than or equal to 45 °, described in document FR2987043 (in particular example in FIG. 2) with a reflector which is a reflective and / or polished surface. The extraction means (all or part) may be on the outer face opposite to the inner face rather than under the porous silica layer occupying substantially the entire inner face.

A product (intermediate) corresponding to the luminous glazing according to the invention without the light extraction means can be sold, and the end user or customer can himself realize the light extraction means, in particular erasable or removable, for example by a sticker or a marker pen adapted. These light extraction means preferably are associated (or are on) the main face of the guiding glass or guide substrate (the most accessible) opposite the main face on the interlayer side of the lamination or on the face opposite to the side face. gas blade of a double (or triple) glazing.

According to one characteristic, a diffusing layer is white, in particular a paint or an enamel, having a clarity L ^* of at least 50, is part or forms the extraction means opposite the lamination interlayer or the side of the lamination interlayer in a zone devoid of the optical isolator. The color is defined in known manner by the parameters L ^* , a ^* and b ^* is measured by a spectrocolorimeter.

In the case of a diffusing layer on the laminating side, the porous silica layer can be deposited only adjacent and even contiguous to the diffusing layer (on both sides) or also cover the diffusing layer or even a frosted area.

The diffusing layer, which is on the laminating side, is preferably with a diffuse reflection factor greater than or equal to 50% or even 80%.

The diffusing layer which is opposite to the lamination, preferably has a diffuse transmission factor of greater than or equal to 50% or even 80%.

The diffusing layer may be a set of diffusing patterns qualified as a grating diffusing particularly for a large desired size area as uniform as possible.

This diffusing network may be formed of diffusing patterns for example of width (average) from 0.2mm to 2mm, preferably less than 1mm and micron thickness for example from 5 to Ι Ομηι. The spacing (average) between the patterns can be 0.2 to 5mm. To form this network we can texture a layer.

In the light zone or zones (on the opposite side to the face with extraction means such as enamel and / or on the side of the face with extraction means such as enamel), the lighting may be of the type lambertian and non-directional, along an axis of propagation of light. Thus, the luminance has the advantage of being substantially equal whatever the angle of observation.

Preferably, the guide glass or the guiding substrate coated with the extraction means, in particular enamel, has a light transmission of less than 45% or even 40% or even 35%.

The extraction means, in particular enamel, extend, for example over the entire face of the glass or guide substrate, discontinuously or according to geometric shapes sparse curved lines and / or straight. The enamel is for example fractal geometry.

According to another characteristic, the extraction means extend discontinuously and delimits dark areas including patterns of geometric shapes sparse curved lines and / or straight lines, in particular of length (greater dimension) at least centimeter.

The light zone can cover a part of the surface, thus leaving at least a first dark area, that is to say non-luminous area can cover a part of the surface, thus leaving at least a first zone, dark area that is chosen among a transparent area (clear glass ...) or a decorative area with an opaque and / or colored coating such as the first coating, or a reflecting area including mirror for example formed by a silver coating covered with a protective paint. The mirror is, for example, the SGG Miralite product from the SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS company, with an oxidation protection paint, the silvering of the mirror being arranged:

- on the same face as the extraction means (enamel, paint) or on an opposite face

- on the side of the lamination.

As a variant, the mirror is based on chromium, such as the SGG Mirastar product from Saint-Gobain Glass, chromium being

- on the lamination side or on the outer or outer face.

The maximum width, the width corresponding to the smallest surface dimension of this light zone (of any possible shape), may preferably be less than 200 mm or even less than or equal to 100 mm, in particular to leave a large dark area surface. The width is constant or variable.

The light zone may be a peripheral zone, in particular along at least one edge, for example according to at least one strip or a drawing, while the dark zone is more central (and further away from the light source).

The diffusing layer, in particular enamel, may be a continuous layer on the surface, with a width of less than 200 mm, even 100 mm and even more preferentially less than or equal to 50 mm, or be discontinuous and formed of a set of fine patterns, of width ( minimum dimension of the pattern) less than 200mm, even 100mm and even more preferably less than or equal to 50mm.

The extraction patterns, diffusing are for example geometric: rectilinear or curved strip, concentric circles, L. etc. The patterns are identical or distinct, parallel to each other or not, with a distance between them identical or not. In a preferred embodiment, the diffusing layer (all or part of the extraction means) consists of particles agglomerated in a binder, said particles having a mean diameter of between 0.3 and 2 microns, said binder being in a proportion of between 10 and 40% by volume and the particles forming aggregates whose size is between 0.5 and 5 microns. This preferred diffusing layer is particularly described in application WO0190787.

The particles may be chosen from semi-transparent particles and preferably inorganic particles such as oxides, nitrides, carbides. The particles will preferably be chosen from oxides of silica, alumina, zirconia, titanium, cerium, or a mixture of at least two of these oxides. For the extraction of light, diffusion means, formed either by a surface treatment of the sandblasting type glass sheet, acid etching, enamel or diffusing paste deposit, or by treatment in the mass of the laser engraving type glass.

The diffusing layer (all or part of the extraction means) may be composed of elements containing particles and a binder, the binder making it possible to agglomerate the particles together. The particles can be metallic or metal oxides, the particle size can be between 50 nm and Ι μηη, preferably the binder can be mineral for heat resistance.

In a preferred embodiment, the diffusing layer (all or part of the extraction means) consists of particles agglomerated in a binder, said particles having a mean diameter of between 0.3 and 2 microns, said binder being in a proportion of between 10 and 40% by volume and the particles forming aggregates whose size is between 0.5 and 5 microns. This preferred diffusing layer is particularly described in application WO0190787.

The particles may be chosen from semi-transparent particles and preferably inorganic particles such as oxides, nitrides, carbides. The particles will preferably be chosen from oxides of silica, alumina, zirconia, titanium, cerium, or a mixture of at least two of these oxides.

For example, a diffusing mineral layer (all or part of the extraction means) of about 10 μηη is chosen.

Advantageously, a luminous zone is a solid enamel (thus a solid zone as opposed to a network of dot-like points like millimeter points) in particular of length (greater dimension) at least centimeter.

According to one characteristic, the extraction enamel has the following composition

between 20 and 60% by weight of SiO ₂ ,

10 to 45% by weight of refractory pigments, in particular of TiO ₂ , in particular of micron size

preferably not more than 20% by weight of alumina and / or zinc oxide.

The ΤΊ02 pigments make the enamel sufficiently opaque (to visualize the enamel in the off state) and lower the TL. Examples of enamel extraction composition may be enamel under the name Ferro 19401 1 sold by the company FERRO, the reference AF5000 marketed by the company JM, reference VV30-244-1 marketed by Pemco are very white with a gloss greater than 20 and have a low light transmittance of less than 40%. It may be desirable for the light to be visible only on the side of the outer or outer face. To do this we can

using a reflector or an opaque element on the extractions means on the laminating side, (diffusing layer in particular),

use a reflector or an opaque element on the laminating side facing the extraction means on the outer or outer face

- sufficiently increase the thickness of the diffusing layer (laminating side).

It is possible to use a diffusing enamel / masking enamel system according to the one-way vision method with discrete enamel patterns described in patent WO2012 / 172269 or EP1549498.

As the light source, an extracting optical fiber can be chosen, with a lateral emitter face (coupled to a primary light source which is typically a diode). For example, 3M optical fiber, referred to as 3M ™ Precision Lighting Elements, is used.

Diodes are preferred. The diodes may be (pre) encapsulated, that is to say comprising a semiconductor chip and an envelope, for example epoxy resin or PMMA, encapsulating the chip and whose functions are multiple: diffusing element or focusing, wavelength conversion. The envelope is common or individual.

Advantageously, the diodes are arranged to inject light through the edge of the glass or guide substrate along two parallel opposite sides.

The diodes may preferably be single semiconductor chips, for example of the order of a hundred μηη or mm. Their width is preferably less than the thickness of the first glass substrate, especially if not laminated on the second side.

The diodes may optionally comprise a protective envelope (temporary or not) to protect the chip during handling or to improve the compatibility between the materials of the chip and other materials.

The diode may be chosen in particular from at least one of the following light-emitting diodes:

a side-emitting diode, that is to say parallel to the (faces of) electrical contacts, with a lateral emitting face with respect to the support,

a diode whose main direction of emission is perpendicular or oblique with respect to the emitting face of the chip. The emission diagram of a light source (diodes) can be lambertian.

Preferably the distance between the chips and the first sheet (the first glass substrate) is less than or equal to 2 mm

For optical insulation taking into account skin thickness, it is preferred that:

when n2 is less than or equal to 1, 3, e2 is at least 600nm

- when n2 is less than or equal to 1, 25, e2 is at least 500nm

when n2 is less than or equal to 1, 2, e2 is at least 400 nm.

For safety e2 is chosen at least 600nm and even at least 700nm or at least 800nm.

The substrate or guiding glass used may be any type of flat glass, (possibly curved by bending processes known to those skilled in the art, when it comes to coating curved surfaces). It may be monolithic glasses, that is to say composed of a single sheet of mineral glass, which may be produced by the "float" method making it possible to obtain a perfectly flat and smooth sheet, or by means of drawing or rolling processes.

Examples of glass materials include float glass (or float glass) of conventional soda-lime composition, optionally hardened or tempered thermally or chemically, an aluminum or sodium borosilicate or any other composition.

The glass of the substrate or guide glass may be clear, extra-clear, very low in iron oxide (s). These are, for example, glasses marketed in the "DIAMOND" range by SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS.

The substrate of the substrate or guide glass may be a glazing made of silicosodocalcic glass, in particular extraclear glass, may present:

a light transmission greater than or equal to 91% or even greater than or equal to 92% or even 93% or 94% at 550 nm or preferably over the entire visible range,

and / or a reflection of the light radiation less than or equal to 7%, or even less than or equal to 4%, at 550 nm or preferably over the entire visible range.

The coupling section can be shaped, including automotive shaping (rounded), right.

The first glass substrate can be tempered and / or curved before or even after being coated with the porous silica layer (sol gel) and the protective coating. The first glass substrate with or without the porous silica layer (soil gel) and the protective coating (preferably sol-gel) may have been heat-treated, at a temperature greater than or equal to 450 ° C, preferably greater than or equal to 600 ° C, in particular is even tempered, curved tempered glass.

Preferably, the first glass substrate with the sol-gel layer and the protective coating (preferably sol-gel) may have been heat-treated at a temperature greater than or equal to 450 ° C., preferably greater than or equal to 600 ° C. especially is even a tempered glass, tempered bending.

The thickness of the first glass substrate is preferably between 2 and 19 mm, preferably at most 10 mm, especially between 4 and 10 mm, more particularly between 5 and 9 mm especially in the building.

The laminated glazing can have the following configuration:

the slice of the guide glass has a marginal recess passing through the thickness in which the source is housed, or the second substrate is protruding from the injection slice of the first sheet, creating a lateral recess of the glazing,

By way of examples, the luminous glazing is intended for:

- a building glazing, such as an illuminating facade, an illuminated window, a ceiling lamp, a floor slab or lighting wall, an illuminated glass door, a light partition, a lighting ceiling, a stair step, a railing, a balustrade, a counter,

a transport vehicle, such as an illuminated side window or an illuminated glass roof, or an illuminated window or a rear window, an illuminated glass door, in particular for transporting individuals, such as automobile, truck, or in common, such as a train, metro, tramway, bus or aquatic or air vehicle (plane),

- road or urban lighting,

- a glazing of street furniture, such as an illuminated glass part of a bus shelter, a railing, a display, a window, a shelf, a greenhouse,

- an interior furniture glazing, such as an illuminating bathroom wall, an illuminating mirror, an illuminated glazed part of a piece of furniture,

- a glazed part, in particular door, glass shelf, lid of refrigerated domestic or professional equipment.

The invention also relates to a particularly laminated partition, door (framed or not, including laminated), window including double or triple glazing, tablet or door (including double glazing) refrigerated domestic equipment or professional glazing furniture , including closet door, ceiling, guard body, wall panel, wall tile, stair step, mirror, counter, window incorporating a luminous glazing according to the invention.

The partition can be fixed or in the form of sliding panels, for example mounted on rails. The door can be an indoor or outdoor door or a shower door.

For a partition wall, shelf, shop window or company premises, the geometric shape of the combination of enamel and transparent glass surface will advantageously correspond to the logo of the company.

In a vehicle, the radiation extraction / conversion (as well as the type and / or position and / or number of the diodes) is adjusted to:

- ambient lighting, reading, especially visible inside the vehicle,

- a luminous signage notably visible outside:

- by activation of remote control: detection of the vehicle in a parking lot or other, indicator of (un) locking of doors, or

- safety signs, for example as rear brake lights,

a substantially homogeneous illumination over the entire extraction surface (one or more extraction zones, common or distinct function).

The light can be:

- continuous and / or intermittently,

- monochromatic and / or plurichromatic.

Visible inside the vehicle, it can have a function of night lighting or display information of any kind, such as drawing, logo, alphanumeric signage or other signs.

As decorative patterns, one can form for example one or more light strips, a peripheral light frame.

It is possible to make a single extraction face (internal to the vehicle preferably).

The insertion of diodes in these glazings allows other signaling features as follows:

- display of indicator lights for the driver of the vehicle or the passengers (example: engine temperature warning lamp in the automobile windshield, start-up indicator of the electric de-icing system, windows, etc.) ,

- display of warning lights for persons outside the vehicle (example: warning lamp for activating the vehicle alarm in the side windows), - illuminated display on the windows of vehicles (eg flashing light on emergency vehicles, safety display with low power consumption indicating the presence of a vehicle in danger).

The glazing may include a receiving diode of control signals, especially in the infrared, for remote control of the diodes.

The glazing is intended to equip any vehicle:

- Side window of a land vehicle, including automobile, commercial vehicle, truck, train, especially with the functional element which is a holding part of a window lifter system or with the cover hubcap,

- Mobile or fixed roof of a land vehicle, including automobile, utility vehicle, truck, train, with a first sheet possibly curved, including a laminated glazing,

windshield of a land vehicle, in particular an automobile, a utility vehicle, a truck or a train, particularly with the light zone or zones

(forming a sign "HUD" for example) in the enamel border or nearby, rear window especially in the enamel border or nearby,

- porthole, windshield of an overhead vehicle,

- window panes, roof, aquatic vehicle, boat, submarine

- double or triple glazing in a train, a bus.

The glazing comprises a masking element of the source and any stray light (in particular opposite the extraction face, close to the coupling zone), and / or masking of the fixing of the glazing to the bodywork of the vehicle by the second face, the masking element can be:

polymeric encapsulation (sufficiently opaque black),

a sufficiently opaque enamel on the periphery of the second face and / or on the first face

and / or a reflective surface (layer ...) on the periphery of the bonding face and / or on the internal face.

As already seen, the luminous glazing, in particular of a vehicle, may comprise a polymeric encapsulation, in particular of thickness 0.5 mm, better 2 mm, to several cm, obtained by overmolding and preferably between the encapsulation and the glazing, in particular made of mineral glass. a primer layer, mono, bi or tri-component, for example based on polyurethane, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, isocyanate. In vehicle applications, the encapsulating material is usually gray or black (for aesthetic and / or masking purposes). The encapsulation may be polyurethane, especially PU-RIM (Reaction In Mold in English). Other overmolding materials are:

- flexible thermoplastics:

thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), in particular compounds based on styrene ethylene butadiene styrene SEBS / polypropylene (PP), thermoplastic TPU, polypropylene PP / EPDM,

- polyvinyl chlorine (PVC), ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), - rigid thermoplastics:

polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA66), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and their alloys ABS-PC, polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate SAA.

The overmoulding material can be colored, loaded with glass fibers.

The primer layer, mono, bi or tri-component, is for example based on polyurethane, polyester, polyvinyl acetate, isocyanate for example thick of

5 to 50 μηη or more, between the encapsulation and the glazing in particular mineral glass, because this layer promotes adhesion to a mineral glass.

The overmolding also brings a good aesthetic finish and allows to integrate other elements or functions:

- overmolding of frames,

reinforcing inserts or inserts for fixing the glazing, in particular for opening windows,

- Multiple lip seal profile (double, triple ...), crashing after mounting on the bodywork,

- hubcap.

A tubing, in other words a closed cell sealing profile, can also be attached to the overmoulded element.

Preferably for a roof, a flush encapsulation is made, that is to say flush with one of the faces of the light pane, as the outer face (F1).

The encapsulation can be single-sided (on one side of the glass or guide substrate) or biface equally on the edge and even triface (on opposite face to face gluing or laminating)

Alternatively, the vehicle glazing comprises a premounted polymeric seal, preferably made of elastomer, especially TPE (for thermoplastic elastomer), or EPDM. The seal can be tacked for its maintenance. The seal may preferably simply hold by pinching or by snap or clipping (two half-frames for example). The seal can be single-sided, two-sided, triface. The seal can form a frame. The seal can be of any shape: L, U ... The seal can be removable at any time. It may comprise by one or more lips constrained after fixation.

Naturally, the invention also relates to a vehicle incorporating the glazing previously defined.

On the other hand, the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the light glazing as described above comprising the following successive steps:

- (1) on the face of a glass substrate (guide glass or guide substrate) the application in a first layer of a first precursor sol of the constituent material of the silica layer of the doped optical isolator or not, in particular a hydrolysable compound such as a halide or a silicon alkoxide, in a first solvent, in particular an aqueous and / or alcoholic solvent, mixed with a solid polymeric pore-forming agent in the form of particles, in particular in aqueous suspension, the particles preferably being size (smaller and / or larger characteristic dimension) greater than or equal to 50 nm, especially between

75 and 100 nm (preferably included), and preferably less than 200 nm better at 130 nm,

(2) a drying of the layer, called the dried layer, preferably at room temperature or at most 1 10 ° C, preferably of duration of not more than 1 hour, in particular eliminating the solvent,

- (3) on the dried layer, the application of a second layer of a second precursor sol of the material constituting the silica layer forming the protective coating, doped or non-doped, in particular a hydrolysable compound such as a halide or a silicon alkoxide, in a second solvent, in particular an aqueous and / or alcoholic solvent,

(4) a heat treatment at least 450 ° C, in particular simultaneous densification of the first and second layers and removal of the blowing agent, preferably first heat treatment (or first heat treatment of more than 200 ° C)

- (5) the cooling preferably to room temperature possibly slowly to avoid as much as possible the risk of cracks, (in particular distinct from a quenching) - (6) the application of the first laminating interlayer of thermoplastic material to the protective coating

- (7) the application of an additional organic or inorganic glass substrate (said other glass substrate, said second glass substrate)

- (8) a laminating thermal cycle.

The deposition (1) and / or (3) on the substrate can be carried out by spraying, by immersion and drawing from the silica sol (or "dip coating"), by centrifugation (or "spin coating"), by casting ("Flow-coating"), by roll ("roll coating").

It is thus possible to choose silica prepared from tetra-tetoxysilane (TEOS), sodium silicate, lithium or potassium or hybrid materials obtained from organosilane precursors whose general formula is

R2 _n Si (OR1) _4-n

with n an integer between 0 and 2, R1 an alkyl function of type C _x H _2x + i, R2 an organic group comprising, for example, an alkyl, epoxy, acrylate, methacrylate, amine, phenyl or vinyl function. These hybrid compounds can be used mixed or alone, in solution in water or in a water / alcohol mixture at an appropriate pH.

As a hybrid layer, it is possible to choose a layer based on methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS), an organosilane with a non-reactive organic group. MTEOS is an organosilane which has three hydrolyzable groups and the organic part of which is a methyl, nonreactive.

Preferably, the second sol is MTEOS / TEOS alcohol base, preferably in an isopropanol, especially when the target thickness e3 is less than 300nm for optimal wetting, better than with an aqueous solvent and even the first soil is TEOS in an aqueous solvent and the polymer particles in aqueous suspension.

When the second sol is MTEOS / TEOS in an ethanol solvent, it is preferred to limit the thickness e3 to about 120 nm even at 100 nm.

However, there is more choice of second sol if e3 is at least 300 nm and better still at least 400 nm, for example MTEOS / TEOS in aqueous base, especially in acid solution (HCl), for example at pH2.

The heat treatment may be at least 500 ° C, or even at least 600 ° C for a duration of less than or equal to 15 minutes, preferably at least 5 minutes, followed by quenching and / or bending / forming .

Indeed, the two silica layers have the capacity to withstand heat treatments at high temperature without cracking and without noticeable deterioration of its optical properties of its durability The heat treatment at least 600 ° C for a duration less than or equal to 5 minutes, in particular bending / forming, may be followed by a quenching operation.

The heat treatment can be bending / forming between 650 and 670 ° C followed by a quenching operation.

The heat treatment can be a bending / forming between 600 and 650 ° C between 2 and 4min (without tempering thereafter).

It is preferred that the heat treatment and / or that the cooling is not too abrupt to avoid the risk of cracks in the layers. It is preferred that the material of the blowing agent is removed before all is consolidated and densified.

The refractive index of the porous silica layer can be tailored to the pore volume. The following relation can be used for the calculation of the index:

n = fn ₁ + (1 -f) .n _pore s where f is the volume fraction of the constituent material of the layer and n-ι its refractive index and n _por e _S is the pore index generally equal to 1 s they are empty.

In particular, a blowing agent may be chosen from one of the following polymers:

- polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA),

in methyl (meth) acrylate / (meth) acrylic acid copolymers,

- polycarbonate polymers, polyester, polystyrene, etc.

a latex,

or a combination of several of these materials.

The solid pore-forming agent may advantageously comprise beads which are preferably polymeric, in particular of the PMMA type, methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer, polystyrene. The solid pore-forming agent may be a latex which is preferably acrylic or styrene, stabilized in water by a surfactant, especially anionic.

It is quite possible to make a protective coating (silica) micrometric, and preferably at most 3μη-ι.

The details and advantageous features of the invention will now be apparent from the following nonlimiting examples, with the aid of the figures:

- Figures 1 to 10 are schematic and partial views in section of light glazing with optical isolator protected in several embodiments of the invention.

The elements are not to scale. EXAMPLES OF LUMINOUS GLAZING

FIG. 1 shows a partial sectional view of a light pane 100 with protected optical isolator in a first embodiment comprising:

a first glass substrate 1, called guide glass, which is a glazing here of rectangular planar or curved shape, of clear or extraclear silicosodocalcic glass, (of about 6 mm for example for the building or at most 3 mm for automotive), of refractive index n1 of about 1.5 to 550 nm, of TL of at least 90%, with first and second main faces 1 1, 12 and a first wafer 13,

a light source 4, here a set of electroluminescent diodes

(in a row) on a printed circuit board called PCB 41, optically coupled to the said guide wafer 13, the guide glass 1 guiding the light emitted by the diodes preferably spaced by at most 2 mm from the guide wafer , preferably centered on the wafer 13 and of width less than the thickness of the glass 1,

- Light extraction means 6 associated with the guide glass here on the second main face 12, said outer face, which is a diffusing layer preferably white having a clarity L ^* of at least 50, preferably an enamel diffusing, or alternatively a frosted surface of the second face or an optical concentrator or a sticker or an ink (removable means), extraction means in several diffusing patterns forming a plurality of light areas (or a uniform light area if sufficiently close ) or alternatively a solid light zone for example unique and central.

The first main face 1 1, said internal face, as for it comprises successively:

a porous silica gel sol layer 2 with a thickness e2 of 800 nm, of refractive index n2 at 550 nm of at most 1, 35 to 550 nm, the porous silica layer 2 being a silica matrix with closed pores, and even open on the surface, in particular of substantially oval or substantially spherical shape, each of smaller dimension of at least 30 nm and greater dimension of at most 120 nm, preferably between 75 nm and 100 nm, substantially covering the first face 1 1 having an inner surface 21 and an outer surface 22

a protective coating, mineral and transparent, 3 directly on the porous silica layer and covering the entire porous silica layer, here which is a layer of silica sol gel with a greater thickness e3 at 50 nm, better at 180 nm, and a refractive index n3 of at least 1.4 at 550 nm, with an inner surface 31 and an outer surface 32,

a lamination interlayer 7 made of thermoplastic material, preferably PVB (in particular for the automobile), EVA, or PU, generally submillimetric, transparent for example clear (or tinted) of inner surface 71 and outer surface 72,

- A second glass substrate 1 ', made of mineral glass, for example identical to the guide glass with a main bonding surface 1 1' interlayer side of lamination and an opposite face 12 '.

The bonding face 1 1 'carries directly (or via a bonding primer) a first decorative coating and / or masking 5, for example a continuous layer of paint and preferably a lacquer, colored (white, black included) of color preference distinct from the extraction means, or arranged in disjoint or continuous discrete colored patterns in a color or distinct colors, for example manufactured by masking or screen printing.

The guide glass may be quenched by the heat treatment to form the porous sol gel silica layer and the dense sol gel silica layer. The guiding glass can be even bomb tempered by heat treatment to form the porous silica sol gel layer and the silica gel sol gel layer.

The heat treatment, in particular bending / forming, may be at least

600 ° C for a duration less than or equal to 5rminut.es for example followed by a quenching operation. For example, the heat treatment is a bending / forming between 650 and 670 ° C followed by a quenching operation. Or for example, the heat treatment is a bending / forming between 600 and 650 ° C between 2 and 4min.

Extraction enamel 6 has, for example, the following composition:

between 20 and 60% by weight of SiO ₂ ,

10 to 45% by weight of refractory pigments, including TiO ₂ , in particular of micron size

preferably not more than 20% by weight of alumina and / or zinc oxide. The ΤΊ02 pigments make the enamel sufficiently opaque to visualize the enamel in the off state) and lower the TL.

Examples of enamel composition may be enamel under the name Ferro 19401 1 marketed by FERRO, reference AF5000 marketed by JM, reference VV30-244-1 marketed by Pemco.

The enamel is here screen printed or alternatively printed. It can be envisaged that the heat treatment used to manufacture the gel sol layers is used to cook the enamel. The extraction means may form a plurality of light patterns, for example broad peripheral bands and / or more discrete patterns including geometric. The luminous motifs form a decoration, a sign, a LOGO, a mark. The illumination may be continuous or flashing and / or of variable color.

Other diodes can be added to the opposite wafer (not shown here) especially in the case of a large glazing unit and / or with several spaced centimeter units.

In order to see the continuous background of lacquer 5 (or enamel or other paint) on the side 12 it may be desired that the light zone is not distributed substantially over the entire glazing (avoid extraction on the entire bearing face of the extraction means here face 12).

In a variant, the diffusing layer may be directly on the internal face 1 1:

under the porous silica layer, optionally with a rupture or heterogeneity of thickness on each edge 63, 64 and / or the outer surface 62.

- If the porous layer 2 becomes discontinuous (facing, directly) under the paint 5 possibly to absorb the extracted light in the opposite direction to the outer face.

The face 12 'opposite the bonding face 1 1' 'may be a free surface of the light glazing, visible or even accessible (to the touch).

It is also possible to have a tinted glass, especially if the lacquer 5 partially covers the glass 1 ', in one or more zones, for example peripheral and / or forming one or more decorative motifs. And even with a glass clear, we can form a double glazing or triple glazing with this bright window 100. For example we may wish to keep a clear glass. The glazing can then be made from double glazing (or triple glazing) as an insulating glazing for example face side 12 ', assembled with another glazing spaced by a first gas blade. Between these glazings, at the periphery, are added a first polymeric seal frame and a spacing spacer spacer. Usually, the interlayer is attached to its side faces by butyl rubber which also serves to seal the interior of the insulating glazing with water vapor. The interlayer is set back inside the glazing and near the longitudinal edges of the slices of the glazing, so as to provide a peripheral groove in which are injected the first sealant-type polymeric seal, such as polysulfide or polyurethane . The sealant confirms the mechanical assembly of the two glazings and provides a seal with liquid water or solvents.

After installation of the luminous glazing 100 this free surface 12 'can be in look at a glass wall of a building (wall, partition, ceiling, roof) or even a vehicle.

After installation of the luminous glazing, this free surface can be opposite an opaque wall of a building (wall, partition, ceiling, roof) or even of a vehicle.

The light glazing 100 forms for example to form a partition, a ceiling, a floor, a wall decorative panel.

The second substrate 1 'coated with lacquer 5 may be the Planilaque or Decolac product of the Applicant, with a wide range of available colors (hot, cold metallized).

It is even possible to insert an electrically controllable system with variable optical properties, namely the following sequence between the protective coating and the second glass substrate 1 ': said first PVB or EVA interlayer 11 first transparent electrode support such as PET / first transparent electrode in particular ITO or multilayer silver / liquid crystal layer / second transparent electrode including ITO or multilayer silver / second transparent electrode support such as PET / second PVB or EVA. In the off state, the system is opaque and in the state the system is transparent and reveals the first coating 5.

FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of a luminous glazing 200 with protected optical isolator in a second embodiment comprising:

- A glass substrate 1, said guide substrate, which is a glazing here of flat rectangular shape or curved variant, clear or extraclear silicosodocalcic glass, (about 6mm for example for the building or at most 3mm for the automotive), of refractive index n1 of about 1.5 to 550 nm, TL of at least 90%, with a first main face 1 1 so-called connecting face, and a second opposite main face 12 said outer face , and a first slice 13,

a light source 4, here a set of light-emitting diodes on a printed circuit board called PCB 41, optically coupled to the guide portion 13 for guiding the guide substrate, the guiding substrate guiding the light emitted by the diodes preferably spaced at most 2mm from the guide wafer, preferably centered on the wafer and of width less than the thickness of the glass 1;

- Light extraction means 6 associated with the guide substrate here on the bonding face 1 1 under the insert 7, which are a preferably white diffusing layer having a clarity L ^* of at least 50, preferably a diffusing enamel, or alternatively a concentrator optical, means of extraction into a solid light zone for example single and central or alternatively into several diffusing patterns forming a plurality of light areas (or a uniform light zone if sufficiently close), or alternatively on the face 12 for example a layer enamel or a sticker (removable) or erasable marker,

a lamination interlayer 7 made of thermoplastic material, preferably PVB, EVA, or PU, generally submillimetric, transparent for example clear, extraclear of inner surface 71 and outer surface 72, alternatively carrying extraction means (locally), or integrating extraction means (diffusing particles, etc.),

- Another glass substrate 1 ', made of mineral glass, for example identical to the guide glass with a main lamination face 1 1' interlayer side of lamination and an opposite face 12 '.

In a variant, the guiding substrate 1 is made of organic glass, for example PC (preferably with laminating interlayer 7 PU), PMMA (preferably with laminating interlayer 7 PVB).

The lamination face 1 1 'comprises successively:

a porous silica gel sol layer 2 with a thickness e2 of 800 nm, of refractive index n2 at 550 nm of at most 1, 35 to 550 nm, the porous silica layer 2 being a silica matrix with closed pores, and open at the surface, in particular of substantially oval or substantially spherical shape, each of smaller dimension of at least 30 nm and greater dimension of at most 120 nm, preferably between 75 nm and 100 nm, substantially covering the face 1 ', of inner surface and outer surface - a protective coating, mineral and transparent 3 directly on the porous silica layer and covering the entire porous silica layer, here which is a layer of silica sol gel with a thickness e3 greater than 50nm, better at 180 nm, and a refractive index n3 of at least 1.4 at 550 nm, of internal surface and external surface,

The other glass substrate 1 'is described as isolated substrate (optically).

The face opposite to the lamination face 1 'carries directly (or via an adhesion primer) a first decorative coating and / or masking 5', for example an enamel (rather if mineral glass 1 ') or a paint , for example manufactured by masking or screen printing, in a pattern on the periphery and / or even elsewhere (central area etc). The first decor and / or masking coating may be used for part of its length, in particular for masking (absorbing) stray light coming directly from the diodes at large angles.

As needed, the glass 1 'can be tinted.

The insulated substrate V coated with lacquer 5 'may be the product Planilaque or

Decolac (water based paint) of the Applicant, with a wide range of colors available (hot, cold metallized). The insulated substrate can be tempered, filmed for its protection (on the lacquer). The face 12 'with the lacquer can be printed and coated with lacquer and / or textured for an adjacent frost, contiguous to the lacquer.

The insulated substrate 1 'can be quenched by the heat treatment to form the porous sol gel silica layer and the dense sol gel silica layer. The glazing can also be hardened by heat treatment to form the porous silica sol gel layer and the silica gel sol gel layer.

The heat treatment, in particular bending / forming, can be at least

600 ° C for a period of less than or equal to 5 minutes, for example followed by a quenching operation. For example, the heat treatment is a bending / forming between 650 and 670 ° C followed by a quenching operation. Or for example, the heat treatment is a bending / forming between 600 and 650 ° C between 2 and 4min.

Extraction enamel 6 has, for example, the following composition:

between 20 and 60% by weight of SiO ₂ ,

preferably not more than 20% by weight of alumina and / or zinc oxide. The ΤΊ02 pigments make the enamel sufficiently opaque to visualize the enamel in the off state) and lower the TL

The enamel is here screen printed or alternatively printed.

The extraction means may form a plurality of light patterns, for example broad peripheral bands and / or more discrete patterns including geometric. The luminous motifs form a decoration, a sign, a LOGO, a mark. The illumination may be continuous or flashing and / or of variable color.

We can add other diodes on the opposite edge (not shown here) especially in the case of a large glazing and / or with multiple patterns centimetric spaced.

The face 12 'opposite the lamination face 1 1' may be a free surface of the monolithic light glazing is visible or even accessible (to the touch).

After installation of the light glazing, this free surface may be facing a glass wall of a building (wall, partition, ceiling, roof) or even a vehicle.

After installation of the monolithic luminous glazing, this free surface may be opposite an opaque wall of a building (wall, partition, ceiling, roof) or even a vehicle.

The luminous glazing 200 forms for example to form a partition, a ceiling, a floor, a wall decorative panel.

One can even insert an electrically controllable system with variable optical properties is the following sequence between the face 1 1 and the protective coating: the first PVB or EVA 11 first transparent electrode support such as PET / first transparent electrode including ITO or multilayer silver / liquid crystal layer / second transparent electrode including ITO or silver multilayer / second transparent electrode support such as PET / second PVB or EVA. In the off state, the system is opaque and in the state or system is transparent.

Figure 3 shows a partial sectional view of a light pane 300 with protected optical isolator in a third embodiment.

Only differences from the first mode are described. The bright glazing 300 differs as follows.

The porous silica gel sol layer 2 and the protective coating 3 are discontinuous (forming a first and second optical isolation zone 24, 25 separated by a discontinuity 23), leaving a zone of the inner face 1 1 directly in contact with the lamination interlayer 7 preferably clear, extraclair. The discontinuity may be surrounded by the optical isolator 2 (closed pattern).

The extraction means 6 are formed by the white chosen paint or lacquer on the gluing surface 1 1 '(or alternatively an enamel preferably white), forming a continuous background for example decorative.

Alternatively, on the bonding face 1 1 'the lacquer is white in the area opposite the discontinuity and elsewhere there is one or more areas of bright color for example.

Alternatively, the side face 71 of the bonding side or inner face side 72 of the lamination interlayer 7 comprises a diffusing layer, for example is a preferably printed PVB locally. The protective layer 2 in sol gel silica layer of index 1, about 45 may remain a full layer substantially covering the inner face 1 1 in the discontinuity 23. FIG. 4 shows a partial sectional view of a luminous glazing unit 400 with protected optical isolator in a fourth embodiment.

Only the differences from the second mode are described. The luminous glazing 400 differs as follows.

The insulated substrate 1 'has on its face 12' opposite to the lamination face 1 1 'a tinted element 5 for example a tinted PET glued by an optical adhesive or by a lamination interlayer (PVB etc.), especially clear, extraclair. This tinted element covers (here entirely) the face 12 '.

The extraction means 6 can be moved on the outer face 12 opposite to the connecting face 11, for example removable.

Figure 5 shows a partial sectional view of a light glazing 500 with protected optical isolator in a fifth embodiment.

Only differences from the first mode are described. The luminous glazing 500 differs as follows.

In replacement (or alternatively in addition) of the decorative paint 5 is inserted an electrically controllable system with variable optical properties 52 is the following sequence between the protective coating 3 and the bonding face 1 1 ':

the first spacer 7 (PVB or EVA) / a first transparent electrode support 81 such as PET / first transparent electrode 82 in particular ITO or multilayer silver / layer based on liquid crystals

83 / second transparent electrode 83 including ITO or silver multilayer / second transparent electrode support 85 such as PET / second PVB or EVA 7 '.

In the off state, the system is opaque and in the state or system is transparent. The second glass 1 'is for example tinted.

Diodes can be added to the opposite wafer (not shown).

Figure 6 shows a partial sectional view of a light glazing 600 with protected optical isolator in a sixth embodiment.

Only the differences from the second mode are described. The luminous glazing 600 differs as follows. The first decorative coating and / or masking is replaced by a mirror layer 50 based on silver with a protective overlay or a chromium-based spy mirror. We thus form an illuminating mirror. Preferably the mirror zone is at least central (if partial mirror on the face 12 ') and the light zone (s) 6 are more peripheral (solid bands, discontinuous from discrete patterns ..).

Diodes can be added to the opposite wafer (not shown).

Figure 7 shows a partial sectional view of a light glazing 700 with optical isolator protected in a seventh embodiment.

Only the differences from the third mode are described. The luminous glazing 700 differs as follows.

The second glass substrate 1 'is made of organic glass, for example a tinted PET 1'. The inner face of the lamination interlayer 7 comprises a diffusing layer 6 directly on this face (or alternatively on the protective coating 3 present in the zone 23, or in contact with 1 ', or deposited on the face 1 1 or on the interlayer 7 preferably clear side side 1 1 '), for example is a preferably printed PVB locally.

For example, a cupboard furniture door is thus formed.

Figure 8 shows a partial sectional view of a light glazing 800 with optical isolator protected in an eighth embodiment.

Only the differences from the third mode are described. The bright glazing 800 differs as follows.

For example, by selective deposition, by screen printing (enamel, etc.), the extraction means 6, in particular the diffusing layer, are formed directly on the inner face 1 1 or on the protective coating 3 that is present alternatively in the zone 23. interlayer lamination 7 covers the laminated extraction enamel 6 a second organic glass substrate 51 'tinted (PET) and / or diffusing.

FIG. 9 shows a partial view in section of a luminous glazing 900 with protected optical isolator in a ninth embodiment.

Only the differences from the second mode are described. The luminous glazing 900 differs as follows.

The guide substrate 1 has a local longitudinal recess of the coupling wafer 13 for accommodating the diodes 4 which have a lateral emitting face. Of the glue 9 'on the rear face of the PCB 41 serves to fix the assembly PCB 41 + diodes 4 on the lamination face 1 1'.

The face 12 'opposite to the bonding face 1 1' is for example completely frosted 120 or partially, like the Satinovo glass of the Applicant.

This luminous glazing 900 is used for example in the building as a partition.

Alternatively, the layer 6, for example removable, may be on the face 12.

Figure 10 shows a partial sectional view of a light glazing 1000 with optical isolator protected in a tenth embodiment.

Only the differences from the ninth mode are described. The luminous glazing 1000 differs as follows.

The optical isolator 2 and the protective coating 3 are on the guide glass 1.

The guide glass 1 is about 2 mm, especially for a vehicle application in particular automobile roof. The luminous glazing has a particularly opaque encapsulating primer 91 and a polymeric encapsulation, preferably of PU 9, conventionally black or dark, encapsulation of the biface type (side flush opposite to the bonding face 11 '). The space between the emitting face 4 and the coupling wafer 13 (rounded for automotive-type shaping) is here filled for example by optical adhesive 9 'fixing the diodes.

An opaque coating 5 'such as an enamel and / or a reflector is in peripheral of the gluing surface 1 1' to promote the masking of the stray light (wide angle ray) escaping.

The glass 1 ', in particular about 2 mm, is preferably tinted and / or the lamination interlayer 7 is tinted (preferably PVB, in particular 0.76 mm).

Preferably, the PCB 41 is against the coating 5 '(and even glued) or directly against the face 1 1' (and even glued).

The layer 6 is preferably on the face 12 (face 'F4').

EXAMPLES OF PROTECTED OPTICAL ISOLATORS

On a first main face of four float glass silicofluoric 6mm thick, numbered E1 to E4, such as the Diamant glass of the company Saint Gobain Glass France, four protected optical insulators are formed, each in the form of a sol-gel layer. porous silica with a thickness e2 of about 800 nm thick, with about 18% solids content of SiO ₂ and about 80% porosity, refractive index n2 of about 1.15 to 550 nm coated with 'a layer of silica (dense) as transparent protective coating of refractive index n2 of about 1.45 to 550 nm and variable thickness e3 as follows:

for E1: e3 is about 80 nm.

- for E2: e3 is about 130nm

- for E3: e3 is about 200nm

- for E4: e3 is about 250nm

A formulation used for all four examples is prepared.

A solution consisting of 12.45 ml of tetraethoxysilane -TEOS- (40% by weight) and 17.55 ml of aqueous HCl at pH2 is stirred for at least one hour.

To 26 ml of this pre-hydrolysed solution of TEOS is added 15 ml of an aqueous solution of solid polymeric pore-forming agents which are BT21 latex beads (Neocryl® of approximately 80 nm diameter) marketed by IMCD France SAS, and 9ml of HCI at pH2.

Each glass of examples E1 to E4 is covered with this liquid mixture by spin coating (spinning) at a speed of 750 rpm and an acceleration of 1000 rpm for 30 seconds.

After drying for 30 min at 1 10 ° C.

On this dried layer, it is covered with a variant formulation liquid composition for Examples E1 to E4 as indicated below.

1 = 1

To 10.7 g of a solution of tetraethoxysilane -TEOS- + methyltriethoxysilane -MTEOS- at 28% by weight in isopropanol -IPA- (commercial solution of the company Evonik under the name of Xenios®) are added 89.3 g of IPA so as to obtain a concentration of 3% by weight of TEOS + MTEOS

The deposition of this mixture is carried out on the cooled dried layer, by spin coating (spin coating) at an acceleration of 1000 rpm for 30 s, at a speed of 2000 rpm.

E2

To 10.7 g of a solution of tetraethoxysilane -TEOS- + methyltriethoxysilane -MTEOS- at 28% by weight in isopropanol -IPA- are added 89.3 g of IPA so as to obtain a concentration of 3% by weight. weight of TEOS + MTEOS The deposition of this mixture is carried out on the cooled dried layer, by spin coating (spinning) at an acceleration of 1000 rpm for 30 s, at a speed of 2000 rpm E3

To 21.4 g of a solution of tetraethoxysilane -TEOS- + methyltriethoxysilane -MTEOS- at 28% by weight in isopropanol -IPA- are added 78.6 g of IPA so as to obtain a concentration of 6% by weight. weight of TEOS + MTEOS.

E4

Then for each example E1 to E4 is annealed as follows: rise to 100 ° C in 10 min, 100 ° C for 1 h, 100 to 450 ° C in 3 h, 450 ° C for 3 h, then cooling.

In a variant, the maximum plateau is increased to 600 ° C. or even further by decreasing the duration to less than 15 min, even 5 min, possibly by bulging the glass, and / or even possibly a quenching operation is carried out.

The examples E1 to E3 are laminated with EVA and a clear, white lacquered glass covering the entire bonding face.

The extraction means are the white diffusing enamel of Example 1, on the outer face.

The luminances measured at the normal of the examples E1 to E3 are increased with the thickness e3. By comparison, in the absence of the protective silica layer, the guidance is not satisfactory.

Preferably, a thickness e3 of at least 180 nm and even at least 300 nm or 400 nm is chosen. A black, opaque encapsulation primer is deposited on the protective coating of Example E4.

The luminance measured at the normal of E4 is satisfactory. By comparison, in the absence of the protective silica layer, the guidance is not satisfactory.

Preferably, a thickness e3 of at least 180 nm and even at least 300 nm or 400 nm is chosen.

Surprisingly, it is possible to carry out, if necessary, a porous silica gel sol bilayer at least 600 nm and better 800 nm (and preferably submicronic) / sol-gel micron dense silica (at most 3 μm even at most 2 μm "ΐ). without generating cracks.

Claims

Luminous glazing (100, 300, 500, 700, 800, 1000) comprising:

- a first glass substrate (1), made of mineral glass with a refractive index n1 less than 1.6 at 550nm, with first and second main faces (11, 12) and a edge (13), and in optical contact with the first glass substrate:

- a polymeric layer, chosen from at least one of the following elements:

- a lamination insert (7), made of thermoplastic material, associated with an element (1', 5, 5', 50, 51, 51', 52) tinted and/or reflective, and/or

- an opaque polymeric encapsulation (90) or a polymeric encapsulation primer (91), in particular opaque, under an opaque polymeric encapsulation,

- an optical insulator directly on the first glass substrate and under the polymeric layer, the insulator comprising a layer of porous silica

(2) thickness e2 of at least 400nm, refractive index n2 at 550nm of at most 1.35 at 550nm

- a light source (4), optically coupled to the first glass substrate, the first glass substrate called guide glass guiding the light emitted by the source,

- light extraction means (6) associated with the guide glass, the light glazing further comprising a protective coating (3), mineral and transparent, directly on the porous silica layer and directly under the polymeric layer, the protective coating

(3) comprises a silica layer with a thickness e3 greater than 50nm and a refractive index n3 of at least 1.4 at 550nm.

Luminous glazing (100, 300, 500, 700, 800, 1000) according to claim 1 characterized in that the lamination interlayer (7) is tinted and/or is laminated with a second tinted glass substrate (1', 51' ), made of mineral or organic glass and/or which has a main so-called bonding face linked to the lamination interlayer and carries a tinted film (51 ') on the bonding face side (1 1') or main face ( 12') opposite the bonding face.

Luminous glazing (100, 300, 500, 700, 800, 1000) according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the lamination interlayer (7) is laminated with a second glass substrate (1 ', 51 ') , in mineral or organic glass, with a main face called bonding linked to the interlayer of lamination, bonding face (1 1') and/or face opposite the bonding face coated with a decorative and/or masking layer (5.5') in particular an enamel or paint or a reflective, peripheral and on the optical coupling side, or distributed and even substantially covering the bonding face and/or the opposite face.

4. Luminous glazing (100, 300, 500, 700, 800, 1000) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lamination interlayer (7) is laminated with a second glass substrate, made of mineral glass or organic, with a main so-called bonding face (1 1 ') linked to the lamination interlayer, the bonding face or the opposite main face (12') comprises a diffusing layer and/or said second substrate is diffusing and/ or a diffusing element is between the protective coating and the lamination interlayer, in particular by partially covering the protective coating.

5. Luminous glazing (200, 400, 600, 900) comprising:

- a glass substrate, mineral or organic, with a refractive index n1 less than 1.6 at 550nm, laminated by a main face called the connecting face (1 1) to another glass substrate, via a lamination interlayer (7) made of thermoplastic material,

another glass substrate (1 ') is made of mineral glass with a first main face called a lamination face (1 1 '), the other glass substrate (1 ') is tinted and/or diffusing and/or carrying a element (5', 50, 51) tinted and/or diffusing and/or reflecting on the main face opposite the lamination face,

- an optical insulator directly on the lamination face (1 1 ') and under the interlayer (7), the insulator comprising a layer of porous silica (2) of thickness e2 of at least 400nm, of index of refraction n2 at 550nm of at most 1.35 at 550nm, the other glass substrate (1 ') being called an isolated substrate,

- a light source (4), optically coupled to said glass substrate (1), said glass substrate, called guide substrate, guiding the light emitted by the source (4),

- light extraction means (6) associated with the guide substrate, the light glazing further comprising a protective coating (3), mineral and transparent, directly on the porous silica layer (2) and directly under the lamination interlayer, the protective coating (3) comprises a layer of silica with a thickness e3 greater than 50nm and a refractive index n3 of at least 1.4 at 550nm.

6. Luminous glazing (200, 400, 900) according to claim 5 characterized in that the extraction means (6) are on the lamination side, closer to the guide substrate (1) than the protective coating (3) .

7. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that e3 is greater than 100nm.

8. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that e3 is greater than 180nm.

9. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the porous silica layer (2) is a silica matrix with pores closed in volume, in particular of substantially oval or substantially spherical shape, each with a smallest dimension of at least 30nm and a largest dimension of at most 120nm, preferably between 75nm and 100nm, the thickness e3 is greater than the largest pore size and preferably submicron.

10. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the porous silica layer (2) is a sol-layer gel and the protective coating (3) is a sol-gel silica layer.

1 1 . Luminous glazing (300, 700, 800) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the layer of porous silica (2) partially covers the guide glass (1) or the insulated substrate, thus presenting a first zone called optical insulation (24, 25) further comprising the protective coating (3) and the lamination interlayer (7), first optical isolation zone (25) preferably closer to the light source (4) than the extraction means (6) and in that a zone (23), called luminous zone, adjacent and preferably contiguous to the first optical isolation zone comprises the extraction means, in particular formed by a diffusing layer (6 ).

12. Luminous glazing (300, 700, 800) according to the preceding claim characterized in that the diffusing layer is a paint, in particular a lacquer, preferably on the second glass substrate (1 ') laminated by the lamination interlayer (7 ) to the guide glass (1) or on the laminated lamination interlayer to the second glass substrate (1 ') on the internal face side (1 1).

13. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that a diffusing layer (6) is white, in particular a paint or an enamel, presenting a clarity L ^* of at least 50, preferably which is part of or forms the extraction means opposite the lamination interlayer or on the side of the lamination interlayer in a zone devoid of the optical insulator (2).

14. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the extraction means (6) are diffusing, in the form of a surface texturing, or a diffusing layer in particular an enamel, a paint, an ink or even a diffusing sticker and/or form a light concentrator.

15. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the light source (4) is a set of light-emitting diodes of preferably aligned on a printed circuit board and coupled to the edge of the guide glass or guide substrate.

16. Luminous glazing (1000) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the external face (12) of the guide glass (1) opposite the internal face (1 1) or the external face (12) opposite to the connecting face (1 1) is coated at the periphery with the polymeric encapsulation or with the encapsulation primer and the polymeric encapsulation.

17. Luminous glazing (500) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises an electrocontrollable system with variable optical properties, in particular liquid crystal, with an optical, electrochromic valve, between the guide substrate and the coating of protection in particular by partially covering the protective coating or further away from the guide glass (1) than the protective coating (3).

18. Luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that it forms vehicle glazing or building glazing.

19. Partition, door, window, shelf or door of domestic or professional refrigerated equipment, furnishing glazing, in particular cupboard door, ceiling, guardrail, wall panel, wall tiling, stair step, counter, display case, mirror, vehicle glazing incorporating luminous glazing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000) according to one of the preceding claims.

20. Process for manufacturing luminous glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:

- (1) on the first face of a glass substrate (1, 1 ') the application in one first layer of a first precursor sol of the material constituting the silica layer of the optical insulator, doped or not, in particular a hydrolyzable compound such as a silicon halide or alkoxide, in a first solvent, in particular aqueous and/or or alcoholic, mixed with a solid polymeric blowing agent in the form of particles, particularly in aqueous suspension, the particles preferably being of size greater than or equal to 50nm, preferably between 75 and 100nm,

- (2) drying of the layer, called dried layer,

- (3) on the dried layer, the application in a second layer of a second precursor sol of the material constituting the silica layer forming the protective coating, doped or not, in particular a hydrolyzable compound such as a halide or a silicon alkoxide, in a second solvent, in particular aqueous and/or alcoholic,

- (4) heat treatment at at least 450°C,

- (5) cooling preferably to room temperature,

- (6) the application of the first lamination interlayer (7) made of thermoplastic material on the protective coating (3)

- (7) the application of an additional glass substrate, organic or mineral (1, 1 ')

- (8) a thermal lamination cycle.