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EP3079442B1 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3079442B1
EP3079442B1 EP16169989.7A EP16169989A EP3079442B1 EP 3079442 B1 EP3079442 B1 EP 3079442B1 EP 16169989 A EP16169989 A EP 16169989A EP 3079442 B1 EP3079442 B1 EP 3079442B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
elements
corrugated
heat
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16169989.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3079442A1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Bohlender
Michael Niederer
Christian Morgen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP16169989.7A priority Critical patent/EP3079442B1/fr
Publication of EP3079442A1 publication Critical patent/EP3079442A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3079442B1 publication Critical patent/EP3079442B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0018—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F24H3/047—Multiple-piece frames assembled on their four or more edges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/06—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators
    • F24H3/062—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being kept separate from the heating medium, e.g. using forced circulation of air over radiators using electric energy supply; the heating medium being the resistive element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a frame for an electric heater, which forms openings on opposite sides for the passage of a medium to be heated.
  • the frame comprises two frame elements forming the openings and at least one frame intermediate element arranged therebetween, which can be connected to one another in each case via interengaging latching elements.
  • the elements forming the frame are designed so that a frame formed by the frame elements and the frame intermediate element forms a receiving space extending in the direction of passage of the medium to be heated, which is adapted to receive a layer structure with several levels of corrugated ribs and heat generating elements.
  • Such a frame for an electric heater is for example from the EP 1 626 231 A1 or the EP 1 780 061 A1 known.
  • the present invention is based on the problem to provide a frame of the generic type for an electric heater, which allows an increased heating power of the heater in a compact design.
  • the PTC element Due to the self-regulating properties of the PTC element, there is the problem with electric heaters that the resistance of the PTC elements rises sharply with increasing temperature and heating power, so that the power output of the PTC elements is reduced.
  • the electric heaters since the electric heaters are to be used in particular in motor vehicles, they must have a compact design, so that the proposal to arrange two conventionally designed electric heaters in flow or passage direction of the medium to be heated in a HVAC, must be discarded, because this runs counter to the requirement of a compact design.
  • the EP 2 161 514 A1 proposes to arrange a plurality of corrugated rib elements in the flow direction of the flow of air to be heated in a row and within a uniform Frame.
  • at least two heating blocks are arranged one behind the other in the direction of passage of the air to be heated.
  • the heating blocks are provided at least offset, ie the heat generating elements of the individual heating blocks are not directly behind one another in the direction of passage of the medium to be heated. Rather, these have a transverse distance from each other in this direction of passage with otherwise parallel alignment of the layers of the various heating blocks relative to each other.
  • the heat generating elements of a heating block lie centrally behind the corrugated fin elements of the other heating block.
  • the proposal can be after the EP 2 161 514 A1 obviously, from the consideration that the heated air leaving the upstream direction of the heating block immediately after the heat generating element has undergone the strongest heating, whereas the central area in the direction of extent of the individual corrugated elements is only due to the greatest distance of this center from the heat generating element leads to a relatively low heating of the air, so that this relatively cool air to impinge on the view of the most intense heating causing area of the subsequent heating block.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a framework for a scalable electric heater, ie, such a heater that can be easily adapted to different heat outputs. With such a framework If the corresponding heating device can be realized in an economical manner.
  • the present invention provides a frame for an electric heater having the features of claim 1.
  • the frame has two frame members forming the openings and at least one intermediate frame member therebetween.
  • These elements of the frame ie the frame members and the at least one intermediate frame member are interconnected via interlocking locking lugs, so that, for example, the intermediate frame member for pre-assembly of one of the frame members are assigned by latching fixed and the frame can be closed by latching.
  • the locking elements are also designed so that the frame can be formed and closed solely by the frame members.
  • a plurality of frame intermediate elements may be inserted, which are each formed identically and which can be connected in each case by latching with the two frame elements.
  • the frame according to the invention is furthermore designed so that a frame can be formed solely by the frame elements, which forms a receiving space for the layer structure in the passage opening of the medium to be heated, in which it can be accommodated, provided the layer structure in a generally known manner only one plane has corrugated ribs and heat generating elements.
  • a layer structure is fitted in the receiving space substantially in the direction of passage, resulting in a compact structure in this direction.
  • the frame according to the invention is further configured such that, in the case of a frame formed from the frame intermediate element, a receiving space extending in the direction of passage of the medium to be heated is formed, which as a rule is adapted to receive a layer structure comprising a plurality of levels of corrugated ribs and heat generating elements ,
  • a layer structure formed from a plurality of corrugated rib elements arranged one behind the other in a position in the direction of passage, is accordingly fitted in the direction of penetration basically in this frame thus formed.
  • Both frame designs accordingly allow a compact and space-saving recording of the respective layer structure.
  • the frame elements can each be used identically, regardless of how many corrugated fin elements of a layer in different Layers are arranged one behind the other. This broadening of the layer structure is only covered by the frame intermediate elements. In this case, a single frame intermediate element usually widens the receiving space exactly by the width amount that a corrugated rib element arranged in a further plane contributes.
  • the frame elements are each formed identically, d. H. can be made in a single injection mold and joined by twisting relative to each other by 180 °. If a plurality of frame intermediate elements form the frame, these are also preferably formed identically.
  • the outside of the frame elements and the frame intermediate element preferably have a holding element part. This holding element part projects beyond the outside and is shaped such that a holding element is formed on a frame formed solely from the frame elements and on a frame formed from the frame elements and the frame intermediate element by cooperating holding element parts. Accordingly, the holding element part only usually forms half of a complete holding element.
  • the holding element part may in particular be hook-shaped in such a way that after joining the frame forming elements by cooperating holding element parts a hole is enclosed, in which a fastening screw can be introduced, for example, on the front side of the frame a mounting flange and / or a housing To attach control device to the electric heater.
  • At least two corrugated rib elements are arranged behind one another in the direction of passage of the medium to be heated, whose corrugated ribs are arranged offset transversely to the direction of passage of the medium to be heated.
  • the corrugated ribs of the elements arranged one behind the other in different directions in the flow direction can be seen at the level of the corrugated rib elements arranged one behind the other.
  • the individual corrugated ribs shade accordingly only slightly.
  • the corresponding measure results in a very effective heat transfer between the corrugated fin elements and the medium to be heated in a layer of layer structure, which are usually formed by elements with identical function of the heating block, which are arranged in the passage direction of the medium to be heated exactly behind each other.
  • the formulation of the application request can be guided by the idea that the medium passes through the frame at right angles to those surfaces which form the openings for the passage of the medium to be heated.
  • the frame is usually formed by a configuration which surrounds the layer structure, preferably at least on both end sides, preferably at the right angles to this circumferential enclosure extending sides forms one or more sufficiently large openings, which usually leave the corrugated fin elements entirely or at least predominantly , so that they can be completely or almost completely flown by the medium to be heated.
  • the openings can be reinforced or interspersed by transverse or longitudinal struts.
  • Longitudinal struts usually extend parallel to the layers of the layer structure and regularly at the height of the heat generating elements, whereas cross struts extend at right angles thereto and serve the mechanical stiffening of the frame, especially if - as in a preferred embodiment of the present invention - the heating block or layer structure is held by one or more integrated in the layer structure springs in the frame under prestress, so that the elements of the layer structure are placed together only by the clamping force of the spring element.
  • This clamping force causes on the one hand a good electrical Contacting between the parallel contact plates and the or between the PTC elements arranged therebetween and on the other hand a good thermal contact between the heat-emitting elements and the adjacent thereto and pressed by the spring force against corrugated rib elements.
  • the layer structure is formed with a view to the most economical production of identical elements. If several heat-generating elements are parts of the layer structure, these are each formed identically.
  • the corrugated rib elements which are arranged one behind the other in a plane and the corrugated rib elements which are stacked one above the other in the layer structure and optionally arranged with the interposition of a heat-generating element are each of identical design.
  • the corrugated fin elements may each have a different thickness, i. Extension in the flow direction of the medium to be heated, so that in each case the optimum size is given for the required heating power, especially the thickness of the heating block. According to the thickness of the corrugated fin elements, the corrugated fin elements respectively associated heat generating elements are usually formed.
  • corrugated rib elements are located on different sides of a heat generating element.
  • usually at least four corrugated rib elements are attached to a single heat-generating element.
  • This heat-generating element does not necessarily have to be made as a unitary heat-generating element, with a corresponding configuration being preferred.
  • all the PTC elements are provided in a uniform position frame, which is covered on top and bottom with contact plates against which the corrugated rib elements abut directly or indirectly.
  • the number of corrugated rib elements successively provided in correspondence with the corrugated fin elements is directly or preferably separated by an insulating layer, e.g. B. from a plastic film and / or a ceramic layer indirectly the contact plate provided there. The same applies to the opposite side.
  • the heat generating elements adjacent to each other in the height direction are preferably spaced from each other by two corrugated fin members of identical configuration.
  • the height distance of adjacent heat generating elements corresponds to twice the height of the corrugated fin element.
  • each of the corrugated rib elements arranged one behind the other in the direction of passage is assigned separate PTC elements.
  • the individual corrugated rib elements ie. H. those corrugated rib elements, which are provided in the passage direction strictly one behind the other, that are arranged in each successive planes, one layer.
  • a corresponding plane usually has approximately the dimension corresponding to a thickness of the corrugated rib element in the direction of passage.
  • Within these individual levels associated PTC elements associated with the respective corrugated fin element. are the PTC elements of a unified situation, i. H. those PTC elements which are provided in the passage direction strictly in series.
  • an embodiment is determined in which adjacent in the height direction of the layer structure in a plane and different layers arranged corrugated fins each receive the or those these corrugated fins associated PTC element between them.
  • the corresponding PTC elements usually lie within the front and rear sides predetermined by the corrugated rib elements, whereby in the first approximation it is readily possible to grasp that these front and back sides of all corrugated rib elements of a plane substantially coincide.
  • the PTC elements are located within an envelope surface defining the two corrugated fin elements associated with the PTC element, preferably defined solely by the corrugated ribs of these corrugated fin elements. Accordingly, in sectional view, the PTC elements always lie exactly between the corrugated fin elements assigned to them, whereby a thermal interaction between the corrugated ribs and heat-generating elements provided on different planes is substantially prevented.
  • the PTC elements are in a uniform, over several levels extending heat generating Arranged element. Accordingly, the plurality of corrugated fin elements provided at different levels only bridge portions of this uniform heat generating element associated with these corrugated fin elements.
  • the heat-generating element accordingly has in the width direction, ie passage direction of the medium to be heated, an extension which corresponds to a multiple of the width of one of the corrugated fin elements corresponding to the number of corrugated fin elements successively provided in the flow direction.
  • corrugated fin elements for electric heaters of different heat output can be used identically. In each case identical corrugated rib elements are provided, regardless of whether heat generating elements are provided only in one or more planes.
  • corrugated rib elements to the necessary heating power takes place merely by displacing the usually elongated corrugated rib elements relative to one another, so that the corrugated ribs of the corrugated rib elements are provided offset from one another.
  • the heat generating elements are adapted directly to the necessary heating power.
  • An electrical heating device with corrugated fin elements provided only in two planes then has a heat-generating element which extends over these two planes in the direction of passage of the medium to be heated, whereas an electric heating device equipped with three corrugated fin elements arranged one behind the other has a heat-generating element, which corresponds in width to three times the width of the corrugated fin members, so that these three corrugated fin members provided in a plane can be brought into abutment with the unitary heat generating member.
  • the corrugated fin elements are provided on one side with cover elements. These covering elements cover at one end face the arcuate region of a meandering metal strip, which generally forms the corrugated rib element. Furthermore, the cover elements can easily grasp the corrugated ribs at the edge on their front or rear sides and can be positively and / or positively connected to the corrugated ribs by bending over.
  • the heat-generating element is provided according to the preferred development on one side with a sheet covering the contact plates.
  • On this side of the heat-generating element are usually the curved ends of the meandering sheet metal strip of the corrugated fin element directly to the sheet metal cover.
  • the cover elements provided on the corrugated fin elements are preferably applied indirectly to the contact plate of the heat-generating element provided there, preferably with the interposition of an insulating layer. Thereafter, the clamping force of the layer structure in the frame at these points selectively applied contact pressure on the sheet metal cover on the one hand and the cover is equalized on the other hand.
  • Such homogenization is particularly advantageous if an insulating layer is provided between the contact plate and the sheet metal cover or the cover, so that the corrugated fin elements are provided floating in the electric heater and not directly electrically connected to the electrical traces to the PTC elements ,
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an electric heater with a marked with reference numeral 2 power and a part marked with reference numeral 4 control part.
  • the power part 2 and the control part 4 form a structural unit of the electric heater.
  • the control part 4 is formed on the outside by a connection housing 6, which - in particular the representation according to FIG. 4 illustrates - from a shield 8, which is formed as, for example, deep-drawn or cast or deep-drawn metal shell, a plastic housing element 10, which is inserted into the metal shell 8, and a housing cover 12 is made.
  • the housing cover 12 may overlap a free flange of the sheet metal trough 8 in the assembled state and be formed of metal, so that the interior of the control part 4 is completely shielded by a metallic terminal housing 6.
  • the housing cover 12 may also be formed of plastic.
  • the housing cover 12 carries a female connector housing 14 for the power current and another female and designed as a control connector housing 16 housing element. Both connector housings 14, 16 are connected as plastic elements with the metallic housing cover 12 and form guide and sliding surfaces for each unillustrated male connector element.
  • the plastic housing element 10 receives a printed circuit board 18 in itself, which is partially covered by a pressure element 20, which will be explained in more detail below.
  • the printed circuit board 18 is surmounted by a plus terminal plug contact 22 and a minus plug contact, which are exposed in the power plug housing and are electrically connected to the conductor track.
  • the circuit board 18 also carries a control contact element containing control contact element 26, which is accessible via the control connector housing 16 by means of cables. How out FIG. 4 As can be seen, the control connector housing 16 is arranged offset to the control contact element 26. This Distance is justified by the installation situation of the electric heater in the motor vehicle.
  • the housing cover is further surmounted in the mounted state by a connection pin 28 for the ground connection, which is electrically connected to the shielding housing 8.
  • the plastic housing member 10 forms two cooling channels 30 for heat sink 32, which in FIG. 4 just hinted at, while in the FIGS. 1 and 5 can be seen more clearly.
  • the free end of the heat sink 32 includes a plurality of cooling webs extending substantially parallel to each other, each defining air passageways 34.
  • the heat sink 32 are made of a good thermal conductivity material, such as aluminum or copper.
  • omitted trough has - as in particular the FIGS. 1 and 4 illustrate, corresponding to the cooling channels 30 opposite passage openings 36 for air, which are provided as inlet and outlet openings to the cooling channels 30.
  • These passage openings 36 are formed in the metal shell 8.
  • In about the middle height in the longitudinal direction of the metal shell has 8 locking openings 38 which are penetrated by the final assembly of the control part 4 on the power part 2 of locking lugs 40 which are integrally formed with the power part 2 in a form-fitting engagement and on the outer edge of the plastic housing element 10.
  • the metal shell 8 also has on opposite end faces each mounting holes 42, which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the power unit 2 has a frame 44, which in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is circumferentially closed and a designated by reference numeral 46 layer structure, which is also referred to as a heating block, circumferentially surrounds.
  • the frame 44 is formed from two frame members 48, which are locked together by latching connections, the reference numeral 50 (male latching element) and reference numeral 52 (female latching element), in particular in FIG. 16 Marked are.
  • the frame 44 forms at opposite outer sides 54 each openings 56 for the passage of air to be heated of the air heater shown in the embodiment out. These openings 56 are stiffened in the embodiment shown by transverse struts 58, the opposite side edges of the frame 44 interconnect.
  • the frame 44 defines in its interior a receiving space 60 which is adapted such that the layer structure 46 can be received in the frame 44 closely fitted.
  • the heating block or layer structure 46 is essentially made of the in the Figures 10 and 13 formed heating rods 62 which are stacked in the receptacle 60 are arranged.
  • the heating elements 62 consist of at least two corrugated fin elements 64, which receive a heat generating element 66 between them.
  • the corrugated rib elements consist of meandering curved metal strips 68, which are covered on one side by a metal cover 70 and also bordered by a curved edge 72 of the sheet metal cover 70.
  • the respective other upper side of the meandering bent sheet-metal strip 68 is free and is formed directly by arcuate free ends 74 of the sheet metal stiffener 68.
  • heater rod 62 are in the direction of passage of the air to be heated, that is provided at right angles to the plane defined by the outer sides 54 surface of the frame 44, two corrugated fins 64 each side by side.
  • This arrangement of corrugated fins 64 provided in succession in the direction of flow forms a layer.
  • a corrugated fin element 64 per level E is provided in each position marked with the reference symbol L.
  • S the flow direction of the air flow to be heated in FIG. 11 located. This firstly meets the first plane E1, ie the corrugated rib elements 64 of the first layer L1 and the second layer L2 provided in the first plane, and only thereafter onto the corrugated rib elements 64 provided in the second plane E2.
  • the corrugated rib elements 64 are in the flow direction S. , ie, arranged at right angles to each other at right angles to the outside 54 defining the opening 56.
  • the heat-generating element 66 forms a planar contact surface for the corrugated rib elements 64.
  • the heat generating element 66 consists of several superimposed layers.
  • the heat-generating element 66 is constructed substantially symmetrically, wherein in the middle of a designated by reference numeral 76 of the frame of an electrically insulating material, in particular Plastic is provided.
  • the positioning frame 76 forms three receptacles 78 for PTC elements 80.
  • a receptacle 78 accommodates a plurality of at least two PTC elements 80.
  • the two outer receptacles 78 each receive four PTC elements 80.
  • On opposite sides of the PTC elements 80 contact plates 82 abut. These two contact plates 82 are identical and formed from punched electrically conductive sheet.
  • the contact plates 82 are placed on the PTC elements 80 as separate elements. These may additionally be provided with a vapor-deposited electrode layer, as is common practice. However, the electrode layer is not contact plate 82 in the sense of the invention.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates, the associated with a plane E1 PTC element 80 within the front and rear sides of the associated corrugated fin elements 64.
  • E1 PTC element 80 located between two provided in a layer L1 corrugated fin elements 64 no PTC element 80. This is a thermal interaction between the PTC elements of different levels E1, E2 avoided.
  • the contact plates 82 are dimensioned such that they are indeed received within the position frame 76, but circumferentially spaced from the position frame 78 are arranged.
  • the extent gap formed in this respect is in FIG. 11 denoted by reference numeral 84.
  • a circumferential sealing groove 86 In approximately at the level of the contact plates 82 of the positioning frame 76 forms a circumferential sealing groove 86, in which an elastomeric adhesive edge 88 is filled as a torus.
  • This adhesive edge 88 surrounds all receptacles 78 fully circumferentially and serves to bond an insulating layer identified by reference numeral 90, which in the present case is formed from an insulating plastic film and which extends to an edge region of the positioning frame 76, in each case in the circumferential direction the adhesive edge 88 surmounted with excess.
  • connection pieces 92 Access to the interior of the positioning frame 76 are provided solely on an end face of the positioning frame 76 and through its material integrally formed thereon connecting pieces 92 which surround a channel 94 for receiving pin-shaped contact elements 96 full extent.
  • the connecting pieces 92 of a thermoplastic elastomer or PTFE formed sealing elements 98 with labyrinth-like sealing structure, by encapsulation or plugging with the associated connection piece 92 can be connected.
  • two connecting pieces 92 are provided with identical design and sealing for receiving two contact pins 96 for electrical contacting of the contact plates 82nd
  • the contact plates 82 have been made by punching and bending female clip element receptacles 100 which are formed on laterally offset projections 102 of the contact plate 82, which projections 102 terminate within the given by the adhesive edge 88 border and respectively assigned and by the positioning frame 76th cover formed clip openings 104, 106.
  • connection openings 92 opposite to the formed on the positioning frame 76 clip openings 106 are integrally formed thereon by the material of the positioning frame 76 clip webs 108 are provided.
  • the configuration and the diameter of these clip webs 108 correspond to the diameter of a contact pin 96.
  • the contact pins 96 are exposed in the clip openings 104 and are connected to the female clip element receptacles 100 of the contact plates 82, whereas on the opposite side the female clip element receptacles 100 project into the clip openings 106 and are locked with the clip webs 108.
  • the clip connections described either by positioning the contact plates 82 in its installed position and subsequent insertion of the contact pins 96 through the channels 94 or by locking the female clip element receptacles 100 with the already in position contact pins 96th be realized.
  • the heat generating element 66 is provided with a metal cover 110.
  • This metal cover 110 covers the entire, the sheet metal cover 110 associated insulating layer 90 and has a peripheral edge 112 which frictionally rests against a peripheral edge surface 114 of the position frame 76 and, accordingly, the sheet metal cover 110 by biasing force on the position frame 76 secures (see also Fig. 11 ). Furthermore, the edge 112 ensures accurate positioning of the sheet metal cover 110 relative to the outer periphery of the position frame.
  • the metal cover 110 has at the free end of the rim 112 a slight conical broadening, which acts as a funnel-shaped insertion opening for the position frame.
  • the peripheral edge 112 is only in the corner areas and Broken through the height of the connecting piece 92 and forms a one-sided shield for the heat generating element 66th
  • the channels 94 adapted to the contact pins 96 are radially widened to form a groove-shaped test channel 116.
  • This test channel 116 extends from the front free end side of the connecting piece 92 to the associated clip opening 104 and accordingly forms an external access to the receptacles 78, which communicate with each other below the insulating layer 90 and the contact plates 82.
  • FIG. 3 Furthermore, illustrates the sheet metal cover 110 between the slightly upwardly arched shoulder portions 118 for the peripheral edge 112 a flat contact surface. Accordingly, these attachment areas 118 form a kind of centering for the corrugated rib elements 64 (see also FIG FIG. 11 ).
  • the layer structure 46 described above is held in the embodiment shown under spring tension in the frame 44.
  • the frame 44 formed by the two frame members 48 spring insertion openings 120 which in the FIGS. 4 and 5 can be seen and exposed at not yet mounted heater on the control side end of the power section 2.
  • braced spring elements 121 are introduced, which in the Applicant going back EP 2 298 582 are described and their disclosure content is incorporated by this reference in the disclosure of the present application.
  • each of the frame members 48 each form a retainer member 122.
  • Each holding element part 122 formed by a frame element 48 is provided with an inclined ramp surface 124.
  • the holding element parts 122 are designed such that, when the frame 44 is joined, two holding element parts 122 respectively assigned to a frame element 48 form complete holding elements 126 on opposite end sides with the frame element parts 122 of the other frame element. These holding elements 126 have a design tapering towards the free end, so that the oblique ramp surfaces 24 serve for coarse positioning of the control part 4, namely a positioning opening 127 of the plastic housing element 10 relative to the power part 2 (cf. Fig. 5 ). Furthermore, on the holding element parts 122, transverse grooves 128 form after the joining of the frame elements 48 a circumferentially closed bore 130 (see. Fig. 4 ). In this bore 130, a fastening screw can be introduced through the mounting hole 42 of the metal shell 8 to effect the positioning and fixing of the power section 2 to the control part 4 to achieve a structural unit of power section 2 and control section 4.
  • the plastic housing member 10 forms for each heat generating element 66 two cylindrical nozzle receivers 132, which are adapted such that the connecting pieces 42 can be introduced together with the sealing elements 98 each in associated nozzle receptacles 132 sealing.
  • the nozzle receptacles 132 are conically widened end and have first a widened cylinder portion for receiving the sealing element 98 and a cylinder portion located inside with a smaller diameter, which holds the front conically tapered connecting piece 92 with little play and thus the deformation of the sealing element 98 after limited to the assembly.
  • the contact pins 96 pass through respective contact surface elements 134, which are formed by stamping and bending sheet metal and group within the terminal housing 6 a plurality of pins 96 of the same polarity, so that they are assigned to a heating stage.
  • This in FIG. 6 bottom contact surface element is a first plus pad element 134, whereas the upper contact surface element is a minus pad element 136.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, the plastic housing member 10 receives another, second plus pad member 138.
  • the minus pad member 136 and the plus pad members 134, 138 are separated from one another by a separator bar 140. This separating web 140 projects beyond a bearing plane formed by the plastic housing element for the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138.
  • FIG. 6 Surfaces of the plastic housing element 10 that predetermine this bearing plane are in FIG. 6 designated by reference numeral 142.
  • the web 140 By the web 140, the leakage current path between the contact surface elements 134, 138 of the plus polarity and the contact surface element 136 of the negative polarity is extended, so that leakage currents between the two contacts are not to be feared. Also, the air gap between the contact surface elements 134 and 136 or 138 and 136 is laid.
  • the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138 have between the contact pins 96 to the divider 140 opening semicircular recesses 143.
  • contact tongues 144, 146 can be seen, which protrude through the printed circuit board 18 and are integrally formed by stamping and bending on the contact surface elements 134 and 136 and which are held raised in contact tongue holding regions 148 relative to the contact surfaces 142.
  • the FIG. 8 lets see details in this way.
  • the respective contact surface elements 134, 136 have end-side connection tabs 145, which open into the contact tongues 144, 146.
  • the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138 for the individual contact pins 96 formed contact openings, which are made by punching and bending.
  • opposing contact protrusions 150 are elastically stretched against the outer periphery of the contact pins 96.
  • the plastic housing element 10 forms locking projections 152 which are inserted into locking openings 154 of the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138, which are bounded on opposite sides by sharp-edged clamping segments 156 of the sheet material forming the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138. Accordingly, these clamping segments 156 dig into the locking protrusions 152 and secure the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138 after sliding onto the locking protrusions.
  • FIG. 8 further shows the previously described heatsink 32, which are exposed within the plastic housing member 10 and project with a flat contact surface 158 the divider 140 on the upper side.
  • each fixing eyes 160 for the previously already generally introduced pressure element 20 can be seen. How the particular FIGS. 4 and 9 To illustrate, this is honeycombed with a plurality of perpendicular honeycomb webs 162 formed.
  • the sectional view according to FIG. 9 illustrates the installation of the heat sink 32 in the plastic housing element 10.
  • This has - like FIG. 8 can recognize - a plurality of distributed on the circumference of a raiseddeèveeinbringö réelle 164 of the plastic housing member 10 provided locking post 166 conically narrow the edge of thedeanalysiseinbringö réelle 164 and form latching shoulders 168, which engage over a formed on the heat sink 32 circumferential locking bar 170 and thus form-fitting against pushing out at the top and in the direction of the connection housing 6 prevent.
  • the contour of the recesses 143 of the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138 corresponds to the contour of the heat sink inlet opening 164, so that its raised edge is closely bounded by the contact surface elements 134, 136, 138.
  • the two plus pad elements 134, 138 are identically shaped so that they can be selectively used to form the first or second pad elements 134 or 138.
  • On the latching shoulder 168 opposite side of the latching web 170 is a sealing element 172, which surrounds the cooling body 32 circumferentially and on the latching web 170 facing away from the bottom in the circumferential direction by in FIG.
  • This seal receiver 174 is integrally formed by the plastic case member 10 and extends the heat sink insertion hole 164.
  • the sealing element is shown in a slightly compressed configuration. Meanwhile, the seal member 172 is compressible in the longitudinal direction of the seal receiver 174 such that the seal between the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical seal receiver 174 and the outer peripheral surface of the heat sink 32 is lost.
  • the sealing element 172 can be compressed by wandering the locking web 170 in the longitudinal extent of the sealing receptacle 174 by about 2/10 to 7/10 mm.
  • the compensating movement is applied by screwing the pressure element 20 to the fastening eyes 160 after mounting the printed circuit board 18, which is provided on its the heat sink 32 facing bottom 176 with two semiconductor power switches 178. Each circuit breaker 178 is located on the flat contact surface 158 of the associated heat sink 32.
  • the circuit board has a bore 180 which is penetrated by pressure webs 182 of the pressure element 20. These pressure bars 182 are directly against the circuit breaker 178 and press it against the heat sink 32. Since the circuit breaker 178 may have considerable thickness tolerances due to manufacturing, provided in the embodiment sealing element 172 allows compensation by retreating of the heat sink 32 in the direction of the power unit 2 without the sealing of the heat sink 32 in the plastic housing element 10 is lost. As is clear from the overall view, in particular the FIGS. 4 and 9 results, the pressure element 20 acts after screwing against the plastic housing member 10 on both power switches 176 and presses each against its associated cooling body 32.
  • insulating layer 184 of the power switch 178 is electrically isolated from the associated heat sink 32.
  • the insulating layer 174 is a ceramic insulating layer. Also, this insulating layer 184 extends beyond the heat sink 32 to increase the creepage significantly in the width direction (see. FIG. 9 ).
  • a second positive contact tongue 186 projecting from the second contact surface element 138 connects the heating circuit formed by the second plus pad member 138 and the minus pad member 136 to the board 18 (see FIG. FIG. 4 ).
  • FIG. 9 can recognize, contacts the semiconductor power switch 178 with the circuit board 18 and switches the power current to the associated circuit. In the present case, two heating stages are realized, which can be switched and controlled in each case via one of the semiconductor power switch 178.
  • the heat sink 32 is also sealed in the heat sink insertion opening 164.
  • the locking webs 170 lie directly below the locking shoulders 168.
  • a touch does not take place, so that the compression force caused by the slight compression of the sealing element 172 acts on the phase boundary between the heat sink 32 and the power switch 178.
  • This power switch 178 is applied regardless of the thickness tolerance on the underside 176 against the printed circuit board 18.
  • the pressure element 20 relieved with its pressure ribs 82 only the circuit board 18, so that the circuit breaker 178 is not clamped over the circuit board 18, but only between the pressure element 20 and the bias causing heat sink 32 with the interposition of the insulating layer 184.
  • the location of the power switch 178 and the circuit board 18 and the pressure element 20 does not change in a power switch 178 with greater strength. Rather, the heat sink 32 in thedeworkseinbringö réelle 164 in the direction of the Power part 2 urged, so that the sealing element 172 while maintaining the sealing of the heat sink 32 compressed more and - compared to the representation in FIG. 9 -
  • the locking webs 170 in a further lowered position, ie further spaced from the locking shoulders 168 are arranged.
  • the embodiment of an electric heater shown in the figures has heat-generating elements which are designed in a special way in order to lengthen creepage distances and to reduce the risk of leakage current transmission.
  • This particular design is described below with particular reference to FIGS Figures 2 and 11 clarified. So has - as in FIG. 2 to recognize each - defined by a basically flat inner peripheral surface of the position frame 76 receptacle 78 on opposite sides at least two marked with reference numeral 188 projections define within the receptacle 78 support points for each PTC element 80. These support points 188 prevents the PTC elements 80 abut directly against the receptacle 78 predetermining smooth inner wall of the positioning frame 76. Thus, the creepage distance of opposing surfaces of the PTC elements 80 is increased.
  • the support points 188 are formed substantially pyramid-shaped and then have a tapered design. Furthermore, the surfaces of the support points 188 are like the sectional view according to FIG FIG. 11 clarified - concavely curved. The creepage distance is further increased by the curvature of the surface. The previously mentioned and provided between the contact plates 82 and the position frame circumferential gap 84 also contributes to increase the creepage distances.
  • the heat generating elements 66 are particularly EMC protected.
  • the position frame 176 is basically completely surrounded by a shield, which are formed on the one hand by the sheet metal cover 110 of the position frame 76 and on the other hand by the sheet metal cover 70 of the corrugated fin elements 64.
  • FIG. 11 clarifies remains only a small edge-side gap between the various covers 70, 110. Otherwise, the PTC elements 80 are complete enclosed by a metallic shield. Accordingly, the heat generating elements 66 can not emit substantial electromagnetic radiation.
  • All corrugated fin elements 64 are further connected to each other via integrally formed on the metal shell 8 locking elements, which are not shown in the drawing, however, may be formed as this, which goes back to the applicant EP 2 299 201 A1 describes the disclosure of which is incorporated in the disclosure of this application. It is only important that the metal shell 8 forms electrically connected projections that contact the corrugated fins 64 such that all corrugated fins 64 are electrically or indirectly connected directly to the metal shell 8 and grounded.
  • the embodiment discussed above has heat generating elements 66 whose receptacle 78 is hermetically sealed from the environment so that moisture and soiling can not reach the PTC elements 80.
  • a high insulation of the PTC elements 80 is created because any charge carriers affect the isolation of the PTC elements 80, which can get into the receptacle 78 in the prior art, the insulation.
  • all the heat-generating elements 66 are sealingly inserted into the terminal housing 6.
  • a test bell is placed, which is sealingly applied to the free edge of the plastic housing element 10.
  • the connected part of the electric heater is placed under increased hydrostatic pressure, for example, by compressed air. It maintains a certain level of pressure and checks whether it is reduced by possible leaks over time. If this is not the case, the component is rated as good.
  • the power part 2 is manufactured separately.
  • the heat generating elements 66 mounted.
  • the thus prepared heat-generating elements 66 are inserted into a frame member 48 of the frame 44, in each case alternately to the arrangement of corrugated fin elements 64. As is apparent in particular from FIG.
  • FIG. 4 results are usually between two heat-generating elements 66 each two corrugated rib elements 64 at.
  • a layer L of corrugated fin elements abuts on each side of a heat-generating element 66.
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 11 further illustrates that in the embodiment according to FIG. 4 in a position at least two corrugated rib elements 64 are arranged.
  • the frame 44 is closed by placing and locking the other frame member 48. Thereafter, via the spring insertion openings 120, the respective spring elements 121 are inserted between the layer structure 46 and an outer edge of the receptacle 60 created by the frame 44. Finally, the spring elements 121 are braced against each other, as shown in the EP 2 298 582 is described. Thereafter, the thus prepared power part 2 is joined to the metal shell 8 and the plastic housing member 10. Due to their tapering configuration, the ramp surfaces 124 serve as positioning and centering aids, so that the holding element 126 can be effectively introduced into the positioning opening 127. The holding element 126 is usually leading relative to the contact pins 96, so that a coarse positioning is carried out only on the holding elements 126 and then the contact pins 96 are inserted into the cylindrical receiving socket 132.
  • FIGS. 12 to 15 illustrate a further aspect of the present invention, which consists in that in a layer L in the flow direction provided in succession corrugated fin elements 64 in a direction transverse to the flow direction S
  • corrugated fin elements 64 in a direction transverse to the flow direction S
  • FIG. 12 shown enlarged side view of a heating element 62 the meandering bent metal strip 68 of the successively provided in a layer L corrugated fin elements 64 recognizable.
  • reference numerals 68.1 and 68.2 are identified by reference numerals 68.1 and 68.2 and thus distinguishable. It can be seen that the air to be heated, which flows in at right angles to the plane of the drawing, flows against almost completely separate meandering bent metal strips 68.1 and 68.2.
  • the rear sheet metal strip member is not shaded from the front. This results in a good heat transfer.
  • the air flow S to be heated is redeployed during the transition from the first plane E1 to the second plane E2, which is accompanied by turbulent flow, which also improves the heat transfer.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 show a second embodiment according to the FIGS. 10 to 12 ,
  • the illustrated embodiment of a heating element only differs from the previously discussed embodiment in that three corrugated rib elements 64 are arranged one behind the other in a layer L1 or L2. Also in each case arranged in a plane E1, E2, E3 corrugated fin elements 64 are each strictly associated with a PTC element 80.
  • E1, E2, E3 corrugated fin elements 64 are each strictly associated with a PTC element 80.
  • FIG. 15 clarifies, the air flowing through the heating element 62 is repeatedly redeployed.
  • FIG. 16 shows the previously described frame members 48 and a frame intermediate member 190 which is provided with female and male locking elements 50, 52 corresponding to the frame members 48, so that the frame intermediate member 190 can be easily locked between the frame members 48.
  • the provided in the frame receptacle 60 for the layer structure 46 is thus increased by exactly the width that contributes to a plane of corrugated fins 46.
  • the heat generating elements 66 are each formed uniformly, ie, whether two PTC elements 80 are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction S or three PTC elements 80; the PTC elements 80 are each within a common position frame 76 recorded.
  • the corrugated fin elements 64 are identical.
  • An identical plastic housing element 10 can be used in each case for the heating elements 62 provided with three corrugated rib elements 64 arranged next to one another and the heating bars 62 provided with two corrugated rib elements 64.
  • the intermediate frame member 190 has holding element parts 122 which cooperate with the holding element parts 122 of one of the frame elements 48 in order to form a complete holding element 126, via which also the widened frame 44 follows FIG. 16 can be connected to the plastic housing element 10. If, for example, four corrugated rib elements 64 form a heating element in succession in the direction of flow, then a second frame intermediate element 190 can be installed in the frame 44.
  • FIGS 17 and 18 show a comparison with the embodiment described above slightly modified embodiment.
  • the same components are identified by the same reference numerals.
  • the shielding housing element 8 described above is turned away.
  • a shielding contact plate 192 is provided, which rests positively against outer contact surfaces of the plastic housing element 10. This also forms bulges 194, in which shielding contact tongues 196 of the shielding contact plate 192 are accommodated.
  • the Ablekingzept 196 are each provided at the level of a heat generating element 66 and contact the edge 112 of this element 66.
  • the Abletakingblech 192 formed by punching and bending molded spring bars 198 which abut each of the heatsink 32 at the front and contact with this , In particular FIG. 18 As can be seen, the Abprocessingblech 192 tightly surrounds the cylindrical nozzle receptacle 132 which is formed by the plastic housing element 10.
  • connection bolt 200 is held, for example, by encapsulation in the plastic housing element 10.
  • Ablecardblech 192 forms a formed by punching and bending Bolt receptacle 202 from which bears electrically conductive under elastic hoop stress on the connecting bolt 200.
  • the heat sinks 32 are grounded via the shield contact plate 192, so that the reliable electrical isolation between the power switch 178 and the heat sink 32 can be checked by monitoring the ground potential at the terminal stud 200. Any defect in the electrical insulation may be detected and output to prevent the servicing potential from being electrocuted when servicing the electrical heater with insufficient electrical isolation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Cadre pour un dispositif de chauffage électrique formant, sur des côtés opposés, des ouvertures (56) pour le passage d'un fluide à chauffer, où le cadre (44) comprend deux éléments de cadre (48) formant les ouvertures (56) et au moins un élément intermédiaire de cadre (190) disposé entre eux, qui peuvent être joint respectivement par des éléments d'enclenchement (50, 52) s'engageant l'un dans l'autre, et les éléments formant le cadre (44) sont formés de telle manière qu'un cadre (44) formé par les éléments de cadre (48) et l'élément intermédiaire de cadre (190) forme un espace de réception (60) s'étendant dans la direction de passage du fluide à chauffer qui est formé de manière à être adapté pour recevoir une structure en couches (46) avec plusieurs niveaux (E) d'ailettes ondulées et d'éléments (64, 66) générant de la chaleur,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les éléments d'enclenchement (50, 52) sur les deux éléments de cadre (48) sont formés de telle manière que les éléments de cadre (48) peuvent être joints par les éléments d'enclenchement (50, 52) s'engageant l'un dans l'autre pour former un cadre (44) qui forme un espace de réception (60) s'étendant dans la direction de passage du fluide à chauffer pour recevoir une structure en couches (46) avec un niveau d'ailettes ondulées et d'éléments (64, 66) générant de la chaleur.
  2. Cadre selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de cadre (48) sont formés de manière identique.
  3. Cadre selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie d'élément de maintien (122) fait saillie au-dessus des éléments de cadre (48) et de l'élément intermédiaire de cadre (190) sur leur côté extérieur, ladite partie d'élément de maintien étant formé de telle manière qu'un élément de maintien (126) est formé par des parties d'élément de maintien (122) coopérants sur un cadre (44) formé uniquement par les éléments de cadre (48) et sur un cadre (44) formé par les éléments de cadre (48) et l'élément intermédiaire de cadre.
  4. Cadre selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que chaque partie d'élément de maintien (122) forme une surface de rampe (124) de telle manière que l'élément de maintien (126) présente une configuration s'étendant en pointe vers son extrémité libre.
EP16169989.7A 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé Active EP3079442B1 (fr)

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EP16169989.7A EP3079442B1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP16169989.7A EP3079442B1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé
EP11010085.6A EP2608632B1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé

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EP11010085.6A Division-Into EP2608632B1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé
EP11010085.6A Division EP2608632B1 (fr) 2011-12-22 2011-12-22 Dispositif de chauffage électrique et cadre associé

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KR101961290B1 (ko) * 2013-12-31 2019-03-25 한온시스템 주식회사 Ｐｔｃ 히터
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EP3101998B1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2020-12-16 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Élément de chauffage ptc et dispositif de chauffage électrique comprenant un tel élément de chauffage ptc et procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2608632B1 (fr) 2017-02-08
CN103188834B (zh) 2016-04-13
US9291362B2 (en) 2016-03-22
US20130163969A1 (en) 2013-06-27
EP2608632A1 (fr) 2013-06-26
EP3079442A1 (fr) 2016-10-12
CN103188834A (zh) 2013-07-03

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