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EP3068626B1 - Print head, printing device and method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a photovoltaic solar cell - Google Patents

Print head, printing device and method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a photovoltaic solar cell Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3068626B1
EP3068626B1 EP14795843.3A EP14795843A EP3068626B1 EP 3068626 B1 EP3068626 B1 EP 3068626B1 EP 14795843 A EP14795843 A EP 14795843A EP 3068626 B1 EP3068626 B1 EP 3068626B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
print head
outlet openings
medium
flushing
valve element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14795843.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3068626A1 (en
Inventor
Maximilian Pospischil
Harald Gentischer
Martin KUCHLER
Markus KLAWITTER
Florian Clement
Daniel Biro
Jan Specht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP3068626A1 publication Critical patent/EP3068626A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3068626B1 publication Critical patent/EP3068626B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/17Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/175Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
    • B41J2/17596Ink pumps, ink valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/14Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/165Prevention or detection of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles
    • B41J2/16517Cleaning of print head nozzles
    • B41J2/1652Cleaning of print head nozzles by driving a fluid through the nozzles to the outside thereof, e.g. by applying pressure to the inside or vacuum at the outside of the print head
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/165Prevention or detection of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles
    • B41J2/16517Cleaning of print head nozzles
    • B41J2/1652Cleaning of print head nozzles by driving a fluid through the nozzles to the outside thereof, e.g. by applying pressure to the inside or vacuum at the outside of the print head
    • B41J2/16526Cleaning of print head nozzles by driving a fluid through the nozzles to the outside thereof, e.g. by applying pressure to the inside or vacuum at the outside of the print head by applying pressure only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01Ink jet
    • B41J2/135Nozzles
    • B41J2/165Prevention or detection of nozzle clogging, e.g. cleaning, capping or moistening for nozzles
    • B41J2/16517Cleaning of print head nozzles
    • B41J2/16552Cleaning of print head nozzles using cleaning fluids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/20Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3026Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the controlling element being a gate valve, a sliding valve or a cock
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/50Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter
    • B05B15/55Arrangements for cleaning; Arrangements for preventing deposits, drying-out or blockage; Arrangements for detecting improper discharge caused by the presence of foreign matter using cleaning fluids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2202/00Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
    • B41J2202/01Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
    • B41J2202/05Heads having a valve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a print head, a printing device and a method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a semiconductor structure such as a photovoltaic solar cell, according to the preambles of claims 1, 9 and 11.
  • Such a printing medium may be a printing paste, which in particular contains a dopant for doping one or more regions of the semiconductor structure, which serves for forming a mask for subsequent process steps and / or which contains metal particles for forming a metallic contact structure.
  • the substrate may be a semiconductor structure in the manufacturing process, for example for producing a photovoltaic solar cell or an LED structure such as an OLED structure or an inorganic LED structure.
  • a printing device is known with a printhead, which printhead has a plurality of outlet openings, which can be closed by means of a valve element arranged in the printhead.
  • the present invention is based on the object, the prior art printhead, the printhead comprehensive printing device and the method to improve the application of the printing paste so that increased precision and reliability is achieved.
  • a printhead according to claim 1 a printing apparatus comprising such a printhead according to claim 9 and a method according to claim 11.
  • a printing apparatus comprising such a printhead according to claim 9 and a method according to claim 11.
  • embodiments of the printhead can be found in claims 2 to 8, the printing apparatus in claims 10 to 11 and Method in claims 12 to 14.
  • the wording of all claims is explicitly included by reference in the description.
  • the inventive method is preferably designed for implementation by means of the print head according to the invention and / or the printing device according to the invention, in particular a preferred embodiment of the print head and / or the printing device.
  • the printhead according to the invention and the printing device according to the invention are preferably designed to be carried out by means of the method according to the invention, in particular a preferred embodiment thereof.
  • the printhead according to the invention is designed for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular for application to a semiconductor structure such as, for example, a photovoltaic solar cell during its production.
  • the printhead has a printhead housing and a valve element.
  • the printhead housing includes at least one supply port for supplying the print medium and a plurality of discharge ports for discharging the print medium.
  • the valve member is rotatably supported in the printhead housing to control between a first pressurized operating condition in which the supply port is fluid-conductively connected to the exhaust ports and a second inhibit operating condition in which there is no fluid communication between the supply port and the exhaust ports.
  • the print head has at least one flushing medium connection and the valve element is designed and rotatable in the pressure lid housing is stored, is fluid-conductively connected to the outlet openings and in the first and second operating state no connection, in particular no fluit considerde connection between flushing medium connection and the outlet openings.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that, for the precise dispensing of the pressure medium at the plurality of outlet openings, in particular when using highly viscous pressure media having flow limits, the flow path between valve and outlet opening is advantageously made short. Furthermore, experiments have shown that a precise control of the pressure medium flow at several parallel outlet openings through a central valve arranged in a common feed channel is not possible with sufficient precision. If, however, a separate separate valve is arranged for each outlet opening, the influence of elasticities in the system is reduced and, moreover, the formation of pressure gradients between the outlet opening during startup and shutdown processes is prevented. Therefore, the print head according to the invention has a rotatably mounted in the print head housing valve element, wherein by rotating the valve element, the pressure medium output at the outlet openings can be allowed or prevented.
  • a further advantage of the device according to the invention is a self-reinforcing effect wherein the overpressure of the pressure medium in conjunction with the characteristic shaping of the closure shaft causes a force directed in the direction of the outlet openings, whereby the tightness of the valve increases with increasing pressure.
  • the printhead according to the invention enables quick cleaning by turning over the valve element in the purge operating state via the Rinsing medium connection flushing medium can be performed in a simple manner to the plurality of outlet openings, so that a rinse takes place, in particular the flow paths immediately in front of the outlet openings.
  • the changeover between the individual operating states takes place in a simple manner by turning the valve element, so that cleaning of the print head, for example between two Druckmediumaufbringvor réellen can be done in rapid succession.
  • a flushing medium line is formed in the printhead, with a flushing medium connection and at least one flushing medium outlet, so that in the flushing operating state the flushing medium outlet of the valve element is arranged in the region of at least one outlet opening and fluid-conductively connected thereto.
  • the supply of flushing medium to the outlet opening is ensured in a simple manner.
  • the scavenging medium outlet of the valve element is arranged in the region of the plurality of outlet openings and connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the latter.
  • the flushing medium outlet thus covers a larger area, so that in the flushing operating state, the plurality of outlet openings are fluid-conductively connected to the flushing medium outlet of the flushing medium line.
  • the flushing medium line has a flushing medium outlet for each of the plurality of outlet openings, so that in the flushing operating state each flushing medium outlet is arranged in the region of an outlet opening and fluid-conductively connected thereto. As a result, a defined supply of flushing medium is achieved at each outlet opening.
  • the purge line is at least partially formed in the valve element.
  • the purge line at least partially formed as an axial line, in particular as an axial bore in the valve element.
  • the rinsing agent can be supplied in a simple manner in the valve element via the axial bore.
  • an approximately radially arranged recesses, in particular radial bores are preferably provided, which connect the axial bore in the flushing operating state in each case to an outlet opening in a fluid-conducting manner. This results in the advantage that the flushing medium line can be formed in a simple manner by an axial and for each outlet opening in each case a radial bore in the valve element.
  • the flushing medium line is formed between a valve wall facing the inner wall of the print head housing and the valve element, preferably by a trench-like recess of the valve element.
  • the flushing medium line is at least partially formed as a partial hollow cylinder between the printhead housing and the valve element, in particular by a partially hollow cylindrical recess of the valve element.
  • the flushing medium connection is preferably formed in the print head housing and arranged such that in the flushing operating state, the flushing medium connection is fluid-conductively connected to the flushing agent line.
  • all of the plurality of outlet openings are turned off simultaneously, i. a switching between the operating states B and C for all outlet openings takes place simultaneously.
  • one or more of the outlet openings be selectively shut off separately from the remaining outlet openings.
  • some outlet openings are preferably switched off in time with respect to others; in particular, switching between the operating states B and C takes place for a subset the outlet openings (4) offset in time to the remaining outlet openings.
  • non-rectangular semiconductor structures such as semiconductor structures on so-called pseudo-square wafers to separately connect and disconnect marginal outlet openings so that a pressure medium output of only the marginal outlet openings is avoided these are not yet above the semiconductor substrate.
  • the valve element is therefore preferably designed such that in a fourth partial pressure operating state, the feed opening is fluid-conductively connected only to a subset of the plurality of outlet openings, in particular that marginal outlet openings are not included in the subset.
  • the feed opening is fluid-conductively connected only to a subset of the plurality of outlet openings, in particular that marginal outlet openings are not included in the subset.
  • a common fluid line is formed between the feed opening and a plurality of outlet openings.
  • the common fluid line between the feed opening and the subset of the plurality of outlet openings is formed, in particular for the not contained in the subset outlet preferably a further fluid line, in particular preferably each formed a further fluid line.
  • a fluid line with a constant cross-section and preferably the same channel geometry between the feed opening and the outlet opening is preferably formed for each outlet opening.
  • a pressure medium channel is preferably formed for each outlet opening, which is fluid-conductively connected to the feed opening in the pressure operating state, and each pressure medium channel preferably has a constant cross-section at least between the valve element and outlet opening.
  • each pressure medium channel is at least partially formed as a recess of the valve element, preferably for each pressure medium channel formed through the valve member portion of the pressure medium channel and the portion of the pressure medium channel between the valve element and outlet opening has a constant cross-section.
  • the object underlying the invention is further achieved by a printing device according to claim 10.
  • the printing device for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular to a semiconductor structure, such as a photovoltaic solar cell, has a pressure medium reservoir and a Druckmediumpumpsch and a printhead according to the invention, in particular a preferred embodiment thereof on.
  • the pressure medium pumping means is fluid-conductively connected to the pressure medium reservoir and the supply port of the print head to supply print medium to the print head.
  • the pressure device comprises an actuating means for the valve element.
  • This actuating means is preferably designed for rotating the valve element relative to the printhead housing.
  • the actuating means is preferably designed to rotate the valve element at a peripheral speed in the range of 10 mm / s to 10 m / s and / or switching times between the operating states in the range 150 ⁇ s - 150 ms to enable.
  • control means in particular a control unit such as a microprocessor and / or a computer to control the printing process and in this case in particular by means of control signals to rotate the valve member by means of the actuating means to the respective to set the desired operating state.
  • the object underlying the invention is further achieved by a method for applying a printing medium to a substrate according to claim 13.
  • the inventive method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular to a semiconductor structure such as a photovoltaic solar cell by means of a printhead according to the invention in particular an advantageous embodiment thereof.
  • the method comprises the following method steps: In a method step A, the printhead is set up in the printing operating state.
  • step B the printing medium is fed to the print head and the print medium is discharged from the outlet openings onto the substrate.
  • step C the printhead is set in the blocking operating state and the supply of printing medium to the printhead is ended.
  • step D the printhead is set up in the scavenging operating state and a supply or removal of flushing medium takes place to the flushing medium connection, so that the flushing medium flows through the pressure crucible and exits at the outlet openings and thus a flushing process takes place.
  • the flushing medium is preferably supplied via the flushing medium connection, so that the flushing medium connection acts as flushing medium inlet for the print head and the flushing medium is discharged at the outlet openings.
  • compressed air is used as flushing medium.
  • the compressed air can be supplied via the flushing medium connection, so that it is likewise within the scope of the invention to use as the flushing medium a solvent, in particular acetone, isopropyl alcohol and / or terpineol.
  • the printhead according to the invention, the printing device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used for coating any desired substrates, for example silicon wafers, in particular in the production of various types of semiconductor structures.
  • a use in the production of large-area semiconductor structures, such as LED, OLED or photovoltaic solar cells is advantageous because here often line-like structures should be generated by applying pressure medium, in particular a printing paste.
  • metallic contact structures are used in particular in photovoltaic solar cells.
  • a metal contacting grid for discharging the charge carriers is arranged on the side facing the incident radiation when the solar cell is used.
  • the grid typically has a plurality of line-like, parallel contacting fingers.
  • the print head according to the invention, the printing device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable.
  • the print head is preferably designed such that no further line for the print medium is arranged between the outlet openings and the semiconductor substrate, i. H. that the pressure medium is applied directly to the semiconductor substrate after exiting the outlet openings.
  • the print head is formed such that the flow path between the valve element and the outlet opening at each of the plurality of outlet openings is in each case less than 5 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, particularly preferably less than 0.3 cm.
  • the printing process can be carried out in a manner known per se, in particular as in EP 2 196 316 B1 be executed described.
  • the print head is moved relative to the semiconductor substrate and, in particular, moved perpendicularly to a longitudinal extent of the print head during the printing operation to achieve application of a plurality of parallel, line-like print media strands on the semiconductor substrate.
  • the execution openings are preferably arranged along a straight line.
  • FIGS. 1a to 1c a first embodiment of a printhead according to the invention is shown schematically,
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b and FIGS. 2a and 2b show radial sectional views; Figure 1c and 2c each show an axial sectional view.
  • the printhead according to the first embodiment has a printhead housing 1 which has a cylindrical recess.
  • a valve element 2 is rotatably mounted in the cylindrical recess.
  • the rotation can be in the FIGS. 1a and 1b clockwise or counterclockwise around an in FIG. 1a shown pivot point D done. Accordingly, in Figure 1c the axis of rotation D of the valve element 2 is shown.
  • the printhead housing 1 has a supply port 3 for supplying pressure medium. Furthermore, the printhead housing 1 has a plurality of outlet openings 4 for discharging the pressure medium. Exemplary are in Figure 1c the marginal outlet openings 4a and 4b and two middle outlet openings 4 characterized.
  • FIG. 1a in this case shows the rotational position of a printing-operating state: In this rotational position, a printing medium such as a printing paste via the supply port 3 are supplied (flow path indicated by arrows), the pressure medium passes through a conduit path which is formed between the valve element 2 and an inner wall of the printhead housing 1 and finally exits at the outlet openings 4.
  • the feed opening 3 in the axial direction covers the entire pressure-active width of the print head.
  • the valve element 2 in contrast, has for each outlet opening 4 in each case a part-ring-like recess (in the form of a partial hollow cylinder with a rectangular cross-section), see for example the reference numerals 2a and 2b for the marginal part-ring-like recesses of the valve element 2 in FIG Figure 1c ).
  • the pressure medium is thus supplied by means of a feed opening 3 and fed through the part-ring-like recesses 2 a, 2 b in each case an outlet opening 4.
  • valve element 2 In a second blocking operating state, the valve element 2 is rotated relative to the printhead housing 1, so that the in FIG. 1a S marked area of the valve element 2, the outlet openings 4 covered and thus the pressure medium output is interrupted.
  • the valve element 2 has a flushing medium connection 5, which in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is formed as an axial bore of the valve element 2. Furthermore, the valve element 2 has in each case a radial flushing medium line 6 designed as a radial bore for each outlet opening 4.
  • valve element 2 is rotated in the purge operating state such that the radial flushing medium line 6 is in each case fluidly connected to the associated outlet opening 4.
  • rinsing agent can thus be supplied via the flushing medium connection 5, which passes through the axial rinsing agent line and reaches the outlet openings 4 via the respective radial rinsing agent lines 4, so that rinsing of the printing head takes place.
  • the printhead according to FIG. 1 thus enables an output of pressure medium as well as a precise shutdown and a purge only depending on the rotational position of the valve element 2 relative to the printhead housing.
  • the distance A between the valve element 2 and the outlet openings 4 is low. At the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the distance A is 0.5 mm.
  • the dashed line 7 according to FIG. 1a describes a preferred modification of the first embodiment with edge shutdown:
  • the part-ring-like recesses 2a, 2b of the valve element 2 are designed differently from the remaining part-ring-like recesses:
  • the marginal part-ring-like recesses overlap a smaller angular range compared to the other part-ring-like recesses.
  • the partial ring-shaped recess not shown in phantom overlaps an angular range over 200 °
  • the part-ring-like recess 2b which ends at the dashed line 7, covers an angular range less than 200 °.
  • valve element 2 continues in the clockwise direction FIG. 1a rotated, so that the area indicated by the dashed line 7 is arranged on the left edge of the outlet opening 4, so pressure medium from all the outlet openings 4 can be output.
  • FIG. 2 a second embodiment of a Drucckopfs invention is shown. To avoid repetition, only the essential differences from the first exemplary embodiment will be discussed below:
  • the flushing medium line is partially formed between the valve element 2 and the inner wall of the printhead housing 1. Accordingly, the flushing medium connection 5 is formed in the printhead housing, so that in the flushing operating position according to FIG. 2b there is a fluid-conducting connection between flushing medium connection 5 and outlet opening 4. The flow path between the feed opening 3 and outlet opening 4 is blocked accordingly in this operating state.
  • FIG. 3 Finally, an application example is shown schematically and in perspective to explain an embodiment of a printing device according to the invention and a method according to the invention:
  • printing paste containing metal particles on a pseudo-square wafer W is applied in a plurality of parallel lines in order to form metallic contacting fingers.
  • the wafer W is moved through under the print head housing 1 in the dispensing direction indicated by an arrow.
  • the printhead can work according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 be educated.
  • the print head is part of a printing device according to the invention, which further comprises a pressure medium reservoir 7 with integrated pressure medium pumping means, so that pressure medium of the feed opening 3 of the print head housing 1 can be fed via a line.
  • a partial pressure operating state is initially set by turning the valve element 2 by means of an actuating device 8 designed as an electric motor, so that no pressure medium is dispensed at the marginal outlet openings.
  • an actuating device 8 designed as an electric motor
  • the printing operating state is set, in which printing medium is discharged via all the outlet openings 4.
  • the partial pressure operating state is again set by turning the valve element 2 so that pressure medium is dispensed only via the non-bordered outlet openings.
  • the blocking operating state is again set by turning the valve element 2 so that no pressure medium escapes from the outlet openings.
  • the actuating means may also be designed as a magnetic switch or pneumatic cylinder.
  • the actuating means is designed to enable switching times between the operating states in the range of 150 ⁇ s to 150 ms.
  • a rinsing medium collecting tray After passing through the wafer, a rinsing medium collecting tray is moved under the print head and by turning the valve element 2, the rinsing operating state is established.
  • compressed air source 9 compressed air is passed to a flushing medium connection 5 of the print head, which is passed via the flushing medium line to all outlet openings 4, so that a cleaning of the print head and in particular all the outlet openings 4 takes place.
  • the partial pressure operating state is set again by turning the valve element 2 and the next wafer can be printed.

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Druckkopf, eine Druckvorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Druckmediums auf ein Substrat, insbesondere eine Halbleiterstruktur wie beispielsweise eine photovoltaische Solarzelle, gemäß den Oberbegriffen der Ansprüche 1, 9 und 11.The invention relates to a print head, a printing device and a method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a semiconductor structure such as a photovoltaic solar cell, according to the preambles of claims 1, 9 and 11.

Bei industriellen Druckvorgängen, insbesondere bei der Herstellung von Halbleiterstrukturen ist es häufig wünschenswert, ein Druckmedium auf das Substrat aufzubringen. Solch ein Druckmedium kann eine Druckpaste sein, welche insbesondere einen Dotierstoff zur Dotierung eines oder mehrerer Bereiche der Halbleiterstruktur enthält, welche zur Ausbildung einer Maskierung für nachfolgende Prozessschritte dient und/oder welche Metallpartikel zum Ausbilden einer metallischen Kontaktstruktur enthält.In industrial printing operations, particularly in the manufacture of semiconductor structures, it is often desirable to apply a print medium to the substrate. Such a printing medium may be a printing paste, which in particular contains a dopant for doping one or more regions of the semiconductor structure, which serves for forming a mask for subsequent process steps and / or which contains metal particles for forming a metallic contact structure.

Das Substrat kann eine Halbleiterstruktur im Herstellungsprozess sein, beispielsweise zur Herstellung einer photvoltaischen Solarzelle oder einer LED-Struktur wie beispielsweise einer OLED-Struktur oder einer anorganischen LED-Struktur.The substrate may be a semiconductor structure in the manufacturing process, for example for producing a photovoltaic solar cell or an LED structure such as an OLED structure or an inorganic LED structure.

Es ist bekannt, Druckpaste mittels Siebdruckverfahren auf eine Halbleiterstruktur aufzubringen. Ebenso ist aus US 5,151,377 die Verwendung eines Dispensers zum Auftragen einer Paste bekannt, welche Metallpartikel enthält.It is known to apply printing paste by means of screen printing on a semiconductor structure. Likewise is off US 5,151,377 discloses the use of a dispenser for applying a paste containing metal particles.

Aus EP 2 196 316 und US-A-5659347 ist eine Druckvorrichtung mit einem Druckkopf bekannt, welcher Druckkopf eine Vielzahl von Auslassöffnungen aufweist, die mittels eines in dem Druckkopf angeordneten Ventilelementes verschlossen werden können.Out EP 2 196 316 and US-A-5659347 a printing device is known with a printhead, which printhead has a plurality of outlet openings, which can be closed by means of a valve element arranged in the printhead.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den vorbekannten Druckkopf, die den Druckkopf umfassende Druckvorrichtung sowie das Verfahren zum Aufbringen der Druckpaste dahingehend zu verbessern, dass eine erhöhte Präzision und Ausfallsicherheit erzielt wird.The present invention is based on the object, the prior art printhead, the printhead comprehensive printing device and the method to improve the application of the printing paste so that increased precision and reliability is achieved.

Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe durch einen Druckkopf gemäß Anspruch 1, eine Druckvorrichtung umfassend solch einen Druckkopf gemäß Anspruch 9 sowie ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 11. Vorzugsweise Ausführungsformen des Druckkopfes finden sich in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 8, der Druckvorrichtung in den Ansprüchen 10 bis 11 und des Verfahrens in den Ansprüchen 12 bis 14. Hiermit wird der Wortlaut sämtlicher Ansprüche explizit per Referenz in die Beschreibung einbezogen.This object is achieved by a printhead according to claim 1, a printing apparatus comprising such a printhead according to claim 9 and a method according to claim 11. Preferably embodiments of the printhead can be found in claims 2 to 8, the printing apparatus in claims 10 to 11 and Method in claims 12 to 14. Hereby the wording of all claims is explicitly included by reference in the description.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist vorzugsweise zur Durchführung mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs und/oder der erfindungsgemäßen Druckvorrichtung, insbesondere einer vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform des Druckkopfes und/oder der Druckvorrichtung ausgebildet. Der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf und die erfindungsgemäße Druckvorrichtung sind vorzugsweise zur Durchführung mittels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ausgebildet, insbesondere einer vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform hiervon.The inventive method is preferably designed for implementation by means of the print head according to the invention and / or the printing device according to the invention, in particular a preferred embodiment of the print head and / or the printing device. The printhead according to the invention and the printing device according to the invention are preferably designed to be carried out by means of the method according to the invention, in particular a preferred embodiment thereof.

Der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf ist zum Aufbringen eines Druckmediums auf ein Substrat ausgebildet, insbesondere zum Aufbringen auf eine Halbleiterstruktur wie beispielsweise eine photovoltaische Solarzelle bei deren Herstellung.The printhead according to the invention is designed for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular for application to a semiconductor structure such as, for example, a photovoltaic solar cell during its production.

Der Druckkopf weist ein Druckkopfgehäuse und ein Ventilelement auf. Das Druckkopfgehäuse umfasst mindestens eine Zuführöffnung zum Zuführen des Druckmediums und eine Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen zum Ausgeben des Druckmediums.The printhead has a printhead housing and a valve element. The printhead housing includes at least one supply port for supplying the print medium and a plurality of discharge ports for discharging the print medium.

Das Ventilelement ist drehbar in dem Druckkopfgehäuse gelagert, um zwischen einem ersten Druck-Betriebszustand, in welchem die Zuführöffnung fluidleitend mit den Auslassöffnungen verbunden ist und einem zweiten Sperr-Betriebszustand, in welchem keine fluidleitende Verbindung zwischen Zuführöffnung und den Auslassöffnungen besteht, zu steuern.The valve member is rotatably supported in the printhead housing to control between a first pressurized operating condition in which the supply port is fluid-conductively connected to the exhaust ports and a second inhibit operating condition in which there is no fluid communication between the supply port and the exhaust ports.

Wesentlich ist, dass der Druckkopf mindestens einen Spülmediumanschluss aufweist und das Ventilelement derart ausgebildet und drehbar in dem Drucckopfgehäuse gelagert ist, fluidleitend mit den Auslassöffnungen verbunden ist und in dem ersten und zweiten Betriebszustand keine Verbindung, insbesondere keine fluitleitende Verbindung zwischen Spülmediumanschluss und den Auslassöffnungen besteht.It is essential that the print head has at least one flushing medium connection and the valve element is designed and rotatable in the pressure lid housing is stored, is fluid-conductively connected to the outlet openings and in the first and second operating state no connection, in particular no fluitleitende connection between flushing medium connection and the outlet openings.

Die Erfindung ist in der Erkenntnis begründet, dass zum präzisen Ausgeben des Druckmediums an der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen insbesondere bei Verwendung hochviskoser mit Fließgrenzen behafteter Druckmedien der Flussweg zwischen Ventil und Auslassöffnung vorteilhafterweise kurz ausgebildet wird. Weiterhin ergaben Versuche, dass eine präzise Kontrolle des Druckmediumstroms an mehreren parallelen Auslassöffnungen durch ein zentrales in einem gemeinsamen Zuführungskanal angeordnetes Ventil nicht mit ausreichender Präzision möglich ist. Wird hingegen für jede Auslassöffnung ein eigenes separates Ventil angeordnet, so verringert sich der Einfluss von Elastizitäten im System und zudem wird die Ausbildung von Druckgradienten zwischen Auslassöffnung bei An- und Abschaltvorgängen verhindert. Daher weist der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf ein drehbar im Druckkopfgehäuse gelagertes Ventilelement auf, wobei durch Drehen des Ventilelements die Druckmediumausgabe an den Auslassöffnungen zugelassen oder unterbunden werden kann.The invention is based on the knowledge that, for the precise dispensing of the pressure medium at the plurality of outlet openings, in particular when using highly viscous pressure media having flow limits, the flow path between valve and outlet opening is advantageously made short. Furthermore, experiments have shown that a precise control of the pressure medium flow at several parallel outlet openings through a central valve arranged in a common feed channel is not possible with sufficient precision. If, however, a separate separate valve is arranged for each outlet opening, the influence of elasticities in the system is reduced and, moreover, the formation of pressure gradients between the outlet opening during startup and shutdown processes is prevented. Therefore, the print head according to the invention has a rotatably mounted in the print head housing valve element, wherein by rotating the valve element, the pressure medium output at the outlet openings can be allowed or prevented.

Ein weiterer Vorzug der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist ein selbstverstärkender Effekt wobei der Überdruck des Druckmediums in Verbindung mit der charakteristischen Formgebung der Verschlusswelle eine in Richtung der Auslassöffnungen gerichtete Kraft bewirkt, wodurch die Dichtheit des Ventils bei steigendem Druck zunimmt.A further advantage of the device according to the invention is a self-reinforcing effect wherein the overpressure of the pressure medium in conjunction with the characteristic shaping of the closure shaft causes a force directed in the direction of the outlet openings, whereby the tightness of the valve increases with increasing pressure.

Die Untersuchungen ergaben jedoch weiterhin, dass ein hoher Durchsatz und eine hohe Präzision durch Verunreinigungen in den Flusswegen insbesondere zwischen Ventilelement und Auslassöffnungen behindert werden. Um einen hohen Durchsatz zu ermöglichen und eine Verringerung der Präzision der Druckmediumausgabe zu verhindern ist daher eine Reinigung des Druckkopfes, insbesondere der Flusswege zwischen Ventilelement und Auslassöffnungen notwendig.However, the investigations further revealed that high throughput and high precision are impeded by contaminants in the flow paths, in particular between the valve element and the outlet ports. In order to enable a high throughput and to prevent a reduction in the precision of the pressure medium output, it is therefore necessary to clean the print head, in particular the flow paths between the valve element and the outlet openings.

Der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf ermöglicht eine schnelle Reinigung, indem durch Drehen des Ventilelementes in den Spül-Betriebszustand über den Spülmediumanschluss in einfacher Weise Spülmedium zu der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen geführt werden kann, so dass ein Spülen erfolgt, insbesondere der Flusswege unmittelbar vor den Auslassöffnungen. Die Umstellung zwischen den einzelnen Betriebszuständen erfolgt in einfacher Weise durch Drehen des Ventilelements, so dass in schneller Abfolge ein Reinigen des Druckkopfes z.B. zwischen zwei Druckmediumaufbringvorgängen erfolgen kann.The printhead according to the invention enables quick cleaning by turning over the valve element in the purge operating state via the Rinsing medium connection flushing medium can be performed in a simple manner to the plurality of outlet openings, so that a rinse takes place, in particular the flow paths immediately in front of the outlet openings. The changeover between the individual operating states takes place in a simple manner by turning the valve element, so that cleaning of the print head, for example between two Druckmediumaufbringvorgängen can be done in rapid succession.

Hierdurch wird insbesondere ein industrieller Einsatz mit hoher Durchsatzrate und einem geringen Ausfallrisiko erzielt.As a result, in particular an industrial application with a high throughput rate and a low risk of failure is achieved.

Vorzugsweise ist in dem Druckkopf eine Spülmediumleitung ausgebildet, mit einem Spülmediumanschluss und mindestens einem Spülmediumausgang, so dass in dem Spül-Betriebszustand der Spülmediumausgang des Ventilelements im Bereich zumindest einer Auslassöffnung angeordnet und fluidleitend mit dieser verbunden ist. Hierdurch wird in einfacher Weise die Zuführung von Spülmedium zu der Auslassöffnung gewährleistet.Preferably, a flushing medium line is formed in the printhead, with a flushing medium connection and at least one flushing medium outlet, so that in the flushing operating state the flushing medium outlet of the valve element is arranged in the region of at least one outlet opening and fluid-conductively connected thereto. As a result, the supply of flushing medium to the outlet opening is ensured in a simple manner.

Insbesondere ist es vorteilhaft, dass in dem Spül-Betriebszustand der Spülmediumausgang des Ventilelements im Bereich der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen angeordnet und fluidleitend mit diesen verbunden ist. In dieser vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform überdeckt der Spülmediumausgang somit einen größeren Bereich, so dass im Spül-Betriebszustand die Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen fluidleitend mit dem Spülmediumausgang der Spülmediumleitung verbunden sind.In particular, it is advantageous that, in the scavenging operating state, the scavenging medium outlet of the valve element is arranged in the region of the plurality of outlet openings and connected in a fluid-conducting manner to the latter. In this preferred embodiment, the flushing medium outlet thus covers a larger area, so that in the flushing operating state, the plurality of outlet openings are fluid-conductively connected to the flushing medium outlet of the flushing medium line.

In einer weiteren vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform weist die Spülmediumleitung für jede der Mehrzahl der Auslassöffnungen jeweils einen Spülmediumausgang auf, so dass in dem Spül-Betriebszustand jeder Spülmediumausgang im Bereich jeweils einer Auslassöffnung angeordnet und fluidleitend mit dieser verbunden ist. Hierdurch wird eine definierte Zuleitung von Spülmedium zu jeder Auslassöffnung erzielt.In a further preferred embodiment, the flushing medium line has a flushing medium outlet for each of the plurality of outlet openings, so that in the flushing operating state each flushing medium outlet is arranged in the region of an outlet opening and fluid-conductively connected thereto. As a result, a defined supply of flushing medium is achieved at each outlet opening.

Vorzugsweise ist die Spülleitung zumindest teilweise in dem Ventilelement ausgebildet. Hierdurch wird eine sichere Trennung der Fließwege zwischen Druckmedium einerseits und Spülmedium andererseits gewährleistet. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung ergibt sich hierbei, indem die Spülleitung zumindest teilweise als axiale Leitung, insbesondere als axiale Bohrung in dem Ventilelement ausgebildet ist. Bei dieser vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform kann das Spülmittel in einfacher Weise in das Ventilelement über die axiale Bohrung zugeführt werden. Weiterhin sind bevorzugt ausgehend von der axialen Bohrung eine in etwa radial angeordnete Ausnehmungen, insbesondere radiale Bohrungen vorgesehen, welche die axiale Bohrung im Spül-Betriebszustand jeweils mit einer Auslassöffnung fluidleitend verbinden. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass durch eine axiale und für jede Auslassöffnung jeweils eine radiale Bohrung in dem Ventilelement in einfacher Weise die Spülmediumleitung ausgebildet werden kann.Preferably, the purge line is at least partially formed in the valve element. This ensures a secure separation of the flow paths between the pressure medium on the one hand and flushing medium on the other hand. A particularly advantageous embodiment results here, by the purge line at least partially formed as an axial line, in particular as an axial bore in the valve element. In this preferred embodiment, the rinsing agent can be supplied in a simple manner in the valve element via the axial bore. Furthermore, starting from the axial bore, an approximately radially arranged recesses, in particular radial bores, are preferably provided, which connect the axial bore in the flushing operating state in each case to an outlet opening in a fluid-conducting manner. This results in the advantage that the flushing medium line can be formed in a simple manner by an axial and for each outlet opening in each case a radial bore in the valve element.

In einer weiteren vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform ist die Spülmediumleitung zwischen einer dem Ventil zugewandten Innenwand des Druckkopfgehäuses und dem Ventilelement ausgebildet, bevorzugt durch eine grabenartige Ausnehmung des Ventilelements. Vorzugsweise ist die Spülmediumleitung zumindest teilweise als Teilhohlzylinder zwischen Druckkopfgehäuse und Ventilelement ausgebildet, insbesondere durch eine teilhohlzylinderförmige Ausnehmung des Ventilelements. Hierbei ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass keine axiale Bohrung in dem Ventilelements erfolgen muss, was insbesondere bei langen Ventilelementen den Fertigungsprozess vereinfachen kann.In a further preferred embodiment, the flushing medium line is formed between a valve wall facing the inner wall of the print head housing and the valve element, preferably by a trench-like recess of the valve element. Preferably, the flushing medium line is at least partially formed as a partial hollow cylinder between the printhead housing and the valve element, in particular by a partially hollow cylindrical recess of the valve element. This results in the advantage that no axial bore in the valve element must be made, which can simplify the manufacturing process, especially for long valve elements.

Bevorzugt ist hierbei der Spülmediumanschluss in dem Druckkopfgehäuse ausgebildet und derart angeordnet, dass in dem Spül-Betriebszustand der Spülmediumanschluss mit der Spülmittelleitung fluidleitend verbunden ist.In this case, the flushing medium connection is preferably formed in the print head housing and arranged such that in the flushing operating state, the flushing medium connection is fluid-conductively connected to the flushing agent line.

Vorzugsweise werden alle der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen, insbesondere alle Auslassöffnungen gleichzeitig abgeschaltet, d.h. ein Umschalten zwischen den Betriebszuständen B und C für alle Auslassöffnungen erfolgt gleichzeitig.Preferably, all of the plurality of outlet openings, in particular all outlet openings, are turned off simultaneously, i. a switching between the operating states B and C for all outlet openings takes place simultaneously.

Bei einigen Anwendungen ist es wünschenswert, dass eine oder mehrere der Auslassöffnungen wahlweise separat von den übrigen Auslassöffnungen abgeschaltet werden können.In some applications, it is desirable that one or more of the outlet openings be selectively shut off separately from the remaining outlet openings.

Bei dieser vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform werden somit bevorzugt manche Auslassöffnungen zeitlich versetzt zu anderen abgeschaltet, insbesondere erfolgt ein Umschalten zwischen den Betriebszuständen B und C für eine Teilmenge der Auslassöffnungen (4) zeitlich versetzt zu den restlichen Auslassöffnungen.In this preferred embodiment, therefore, some outlet openings are preferably switched off in time with respect to others; in particular, switching between the operating states B and C takes place for a subset the outlet openings (4) offset in time to the remaining outlet openings.

Beispielsweise bei der Verwendung des Druckkopfes zum Aufbringen einer Druckpaste auf einer Halbleiterstruktur ist es bei nicht rechteckigen Halbleiterstrukturen wie beispielsweise Halbleiterstrukturen auf sogenannten pseudo square-Wafern wünschenswert, randständige Auslassöffnungen separat zu- und abzuschalten, so dass eine Druckmediumausgabe nur der randständigen Auslassöffnungen vermieden wird, wenn diese sich noch nicht über dem Halbleitersubstrat befinden.For example, when using the printhead for applying a printing paste to a semiconductor structure, it is desirable for non-rectangular semiconductor structures such as semiconductor structures on so-called pseudo-square wafers to separately connect and disconnect marginal outlet openings so that a pressure medium output of only the marginal outlet openings is avoided these are not yet above the semiconductor substrate.

Das Ventilelement ist daher vorzugsweise derart ausgebildet, dass in einem vierten Teildruck-Betriebszustand die Zuführöffnung nur mit einer Teilmenge der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen fluidleitend verbunden ist, insbesondere, dass randständige Auslassöffnungen nicht in der Teilmenge enthalten sind. In dieser vorteilhaften Ausführungsform kann somit ebenfalls durch Verdrehen des Ventilelementes in einfacher Weise eine Ausgabe des Druckmediums nur an der Teilmenge der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen erzielt werden.The valve element is therefore preferably designed such that in a fourth partial pressure operating state, the feed opening is fluid-conductively connected only to a subset of the plurality of outlet openings, in particular that marginal outlet openings are not included in the subset. In this advantageous embodiment, thus also by rotation of the valve element in a simple manner, an output of the pressure medium can be achieved only on the subset of the plurality of outlet openings.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, in weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen zusätzliche Teildruck-Betriebszustände vorzusehen, bei denen jeweils unterschiedliche Teilmengen der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen fluidleitend mit der Zuführöffnung verbunden sind, wohingegen die nicht zu der jeweiligen Teilmenge gehörenden Auslassöffnungen nicht fluidleitend mit der Zuführöffnung verbunden sind. Hierdurch kann durch eine Mehrzahl von Teildruck-Betriebszuständen eine Anpassung an die gewünschte Form des Substrats, insbesondere der Halbleiterstruktur erzielt werden, insbesondere ist beispielsweise auch ein Auftrag von Druckmediumlinien auf runde oder vieleckige Substrate möglich.It is within the scope of the invention to provide additional partial pressure operating states in further advantageous embodiments in which different subsets of the plurality of outlet openings are fluid-conductively connected to the feed opening, whereas the outlet openings not belonging to the respective subset are not fluid-conductively connected to the feed opening. As a result, adaptation to the desired shape of the substrate, in particular of the semiconductor structure, can be achieved by a plurality of partial-pressure operating states; in particular, it is also possible, for example, to apply print medium lines to round or polygonal substrates.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist eine gemeinsame Fluidleitung zwischen Zuführöffnung und einer Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen ausgebildet. Hierdurch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass ein höherer Druckmediumdurchsatz und damit eine geringere Gefahr von Verunreinigungen oder Verstopfungen in der gemeinsamen Fluidleitung vorliegen. Bei Ausbildung des Ventilelements mit Teildruck-Betriebszuständen wie zuvor beschrieben ist es insbesondere vorteilhaft, solche Auslassöffnungen, welche in allen Druck-Betriebszuständen fluidleitend mit der Zuführöffnung verbunden sind, über eine gemeinsame Fluidleitung mit der Zuführöffnung zu verbinden.In a further advantageous embodiment, a common fluid line is formed between the feed opening and a plurality of outlet openings. This results in the advantage that there is a higher pressure medium throughput and thus a lower risk of contamination or blockages in the common fluid line. When forming the valve element with partial pressure operating states as described above, it is particularly advantageous Such outlet, which are connected in all pressure operating conditions fluidly connected to the supply port to connect via a common fluid line with the supply port.

Vorzugsweise ist daher die gemeinsame Fluidleitung zwischen Zuführöffnung und der Teilmenge der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen ausgebildet, insbesondere ist für die nicht in der Teilmenge enthaltenen Auslassöffnungen bevorzugt eine weitere Fluidleitung, insbesondere bevorzugt jeweils eine weitere Fluidleitung ausgebildet.Preferably, therefore, the common fluid line between the feed opening and the subset of the plurality of outlet openings is formed, in particular for the not contained in the subset outlet preferably a further fluid line, in particular preferably each formed a further fluid line.

Um eine negative Beeinflussung des Druckmediums, insbesondere von hochviskosen Druckpasten zu vermeiden, ist vorzugsweise für jede Auslassöffnung jeweils eine Fluidleitung mit konstantem Querschnitt und vorzugsweise gleicher Kanalgeometrie zwischen Zuführöffnung und Auslassöffnung ausgebildet.In order to avoid a negative influence on the pressure medium, in particular of highly viscous printing pastes, a fluid line with a constant cross-section and preferably the same channel geometry between the feed opening and the outlet opening is preferably formed for each outlet opening.

Vorzugsweise ist daher für jede Auslassöffnung ein Druckmediumkanal ausgebildet, welcher mit der Zuführöffnung in dem Druck-Betriebszustand fluidleitend verbunden ist und jeder Druckmediumkanal weist bevorzugt zumindest zwischen Ventilelement und Auslassöffnung einen konstanten Querschnitt auf. Insbesondere in einer vorzugsweisen Ausführungsform, in welcher jeder Druckmediumkanal zumindest teilweise als Ausnehmung des Ventilelements ausgebildet ist, weisen bevorzugt für jeden Druckmediumkanal das durch das Ventilelement ausgebildete Teilstück des Druckmediumkanals und das Teilstück des Druckmediumkanals zwischen Ventilelement und Auslassöffnung einen konstanten Querschnitt auf.Therefore, a pressure medium channel is preferably formed for each outlet opening, which is fluid-conductively connected to the feed opening in the pressure operating state, and each pressure medium channel preferably has a constant cross-section at least between the valve element and outlet opening. In particular, in a preferred embodiment, in which each pressure medium channel is at least partially formed as a recess of the valve element, preferably for each pressure medium channel formed through the valve member portion of the pressure medium channel and the portion of the pressure medium channel between the valve element and outlet opening has a constant cross-section.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe ist weiterhin durch eine Druckvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 10 gelöst.The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a printing device according to claim 10.

Die erfindungsgemäße Druckvorrichtung zum Aufbringen eines Druckmediums auf ein Substrat, insbesondere auf eine Halbleiterstruktur, wie beispielsweise eine photovoltaische Solarzelle, weist ein Druckmediumreservoir und ein Druckmediumpumpmittel sowie einen erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopf, insbesondere eine vorzugsweise Ausführungsform hiervon, auf. Das Druckmediumpumpmittel ist fluidleitend mit dem Druckmediumreservoir und der Zuführöffnung des Druckkopfs verbunden, um Druckmedium zu dem Druckkopf zuzuführen.The printing device according to the invention for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular to a semiconductor structure, such as a photovoltaic solar cell, has a pressure medium reservoir and a Druckmediumpumpmittel and a printhead according to the invention, in particular a preferred embodiment thereof on. The pressure medium pumping means is fluid-conductively connected to the pressure medium reservoir and the supply port of the print head to supply print medium to the print head.

Vorzugsweise umfasst die Druckvorrichtung ein Betätigungsmittel für das Ventilelement. Dieses Betätigungsmittel ist bevorzugt zum Drehen des Ventilelements relativ zu dem Druckkopfgehäuse ausgebildet. Um eine präzise Änderung der Betriebszustände zu ermöglichen, ist das Betätigungsmittel vorzugsweise ausgebildet, um das Ventilelement mit einer Umfangsgeschwindigkeit im Bereich von 10 mm/s bis 10 m/s zu drehen und/oder um Schaltzeiten zwischen den Betriebszuständen im Bereich 150 µs - 150 ms zu ermöglichen.Preferably, the pressure device comprises an actuating means for the valve element. This actuating means is preferably designed for rotating the valve element relative to the printhead housing. In order to allow a precise change of the operating conditions, the actuating means is preferably designed to rotate the valve element at a peripheral speed in the range of 10 mm / s to 10 m / s and / or switching times between the operating states in the range 150 μs - 150 ms to enable.

Es liegt hierbei im Rahmen der Erfindung, an sich übliche Steuermittel, insbesondere eine Steuereinheit wie beispielsweise einen Mikroprozessor und/oder einen Computer vorzusehen, um den Druckvorgang zu steuern und hierbei insbesondere mittels Steuersignalen ein Drehen des Ventilelements mittels des Betätigungsmittels zu bewirken, um den jeweils gewünschten Betriebszustand einzustellen.It is within the scope of the invention to provide conventional control means, in particular a control unit such as a microprocessor and / or a computer to control the printing process and in this case in particular by means of control signals to rotate the valve member by means of the actuating means to the respective to set the desired operating state.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe ist weiterhin durch ein Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Druckmediums auf ein Substrat gemäß Anspruch 13 gelöst.The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a method for applying a printing medium to a substrate according to claim 13.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Aufbringen eines Druckmediums auf ein Substrat, insbesondere auf eine Halbleiterstruktur wie eine photovoltaische Solarzelle erfolgt mittels eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfes, insbesondere einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform hiervon.The inventive method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular to a semiconductor structure such as a photovoltaic solar cell by means of a printhead according to the invention, in particular an advantageous embodiment thereof.

Das Verfahren umfasst folgende Verfahrensschritte:
In einem Verfahrensschritt A erfolgt ein Einrichten des Druckkopfes in den Druck-Betriebszustand.
The method comprises the following method steps:
In a method step A, the printhead is set up in the printing operating state.

In einem Verfahrensschritt B erfolgt ein Zuführen des Druckmediums zu dem Druckkopf und Ausgeben des Druckmediums aus den Auslassöffnungen auf das Substrat.In a method step B, the printing medium is fed to the print head and the print medium is discharged from the outlet openings onto the substrate.

In einem Verfahrensschritt C erfolgt ein Einrichten des Druckkopfes in den Sperr-Betriebszustand und ein Beenden der Zuführung von Druckmedium zu dem Druckkopf.In a method step C, the printhead is set in the blocking operating state and the supply of printing medium to the printhead is ended.

Wesentlich ist, dass in einem Verfahrensschritt D ein Einrichten des Druckkopfes in den Spül-Betriebszustand und ein Zuführen oder Abführen von Spülmedium zu dem Spülmediumanschluss erfolgt, so dass das Spülmedium den Drucckopf durchfließt und an den Auslassöffnungen austritt und somit ein Spülvorgang erfolgt.It is essential that, in a method step D, the printhead is set up in the scavenging operating state and a supply or removal of flushing medium takes place to the flushing medium connection, so that the flushing medium flows through the pressure crucible and exits at the outlet openings and thus a flushing process takes place.

Das Spülmedium wird vorzugsweise über den Spülmediumanschluss zugeführt, so dass der Spülmediumanschluss als Spülmediumeingang für den Druckkopf wirkt und das Spülmedium an den Auslassöffnungen ausgegeben wird. Ebenso liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, das Spülmedium über den Spülmediumanschluss abzuführen, insbesondere abzusaugen, so dass das Spülmedium über die Auslassöffnungen zugeführt und über den Spülmediumanschluss (als Spülemdiumausgang) abgeführt wird.The flushing medium is preferably supplied via the flushing medium connection, so that the flushing medium connection acts as flushing medium inlet for the print head and the flushing medium is discharged at the outlet openings. Likewise, it is within the scope of the invention to remove the flushing medium via the flushing medium connection, in particular to suck it off, so that the flushing medium is supplied via the outlet openings and discharged via the flushing medium connection (as flushing sleeve outlet).

Vorzugsweise wird als Spülmedium Druckluft verwendet. Die Druckluft kann über den Spülmediumanschluss zugeführt, so dass Ebenso liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, als Spülmedium ein Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Aceton, Isopropylalkohol und/oder Terpineol zu verwenden.Preferably, compressed air is used as flushing medium. The compressed air can be supplied via the flushing medium connection, so that it is likewise within the scope of the invention to use as the flushing medium a solvent, in particular acetone, isopropyl alcohol and / or terpineol.

Insbesondere bei Verwendung von Druckluft als Spülmedium ist es vorteilhaft, die Druckluft über den Spülmediumanschluss abzusaugen. Denn hierdurch kann in einfacher Weise die Umgebungsluft zum Spülen verwendet werden und die Verunreinigungen werden nicht aus den Auslassöffnungen ausgegeben, sondern über den Spülmediumanschluss abgeführt.In particular, when using compressed air as the flushing medium, it is advantageous to suck the compressed air through the flushing medium connection. Because this allows the ambient air to be used for rinsing in a simple manner and the impurities are not output from the outlet openings, but discharged via the flushing medium connection.

Der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf, die erfindungsgemäße Druckvorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sind zur Beschichtung beliebiger Substrate, wie beispielsweise Silizium Wafer, insbesondere bei der Herstellung verschiedenartiger Halbleiterstrukturen einsetzbar. Insbesondere ist eine Verwendung bei der Herstellung von großflächigen Halbleiterstrukturen, wie LED, OLED oder photovoltaischen Solarzellen vorteilhaft, da hier häufig linienartige Strukturen durch Aufbringen von Druckmedium, insbesondere einer Druckpaste erzeugt werden sollen.The printhead according to the invention, the printing device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used for coating any desired substrates, for example silicon wafers, in particular in the production of various types of semiconductor structures. In particular, a use in the production of large-area semiconductor structures, such as LED, OLED or photovoltaic solar cells is advantageous because here often line-like structures should be generated by applying pressure medium, in particular a printing paste.

Insbesondere ist eine Verwendung zur Erzeugung von metallischen Kontaktierungsstrukturen, bevorzugt durch Verwendung einer Metallpartikel enthaltenden Druckpaste vorteilhaft. Solche metallischen Kontaktstrukturen werden insbesondere bei photovoltaischen Solarzellen verwendet. Typischerweise wird auf der bei Benutzung der Solarzelle der einfallenden Strahlung zugewandten Seite ein metallisches Kontaktierungsgitter zum Abführen der Ladungsträger angeordnet. Das Gitter weist typischerweise mehrere linienartig ausgebildete, parallele Kontaktierungsfinger auf. Insbesondere zur Herstellung dieser Kontaktierungsfinger ist der erfindungsgemäße Druckkopf, die erfindungsgemäße Druckvorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren besonders geeignet.In particular, use for producing metallic contacting structures, preferably by using a printing paste containing metal particles, is advantageous. Such metallic contact structures are used in particular in photovoltaic solar cells. Typically, a metal contacting grid for discharging the charge carriers is arranged on the side facing the incident radiation when the solar cell is used. The grid typically has a plurality of line-like, parallel contacting fingers. In particular for the production of these contacting fingers, the print head according to the invention, the printing device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are particularly suitable.

Der Druckkopf ist vorzugsweise derart ausgebildet, dass zwischen Auslassöffnungen und Halbleitersubstrat keine weitere Leitung für das Druckmedium angeordnet ist, d. h. dass das Druckmedium nach Austritt aus den Auslassöffnungen unmittelbar auf das Halbleitersubstrat aufgebracht wird.The print head is preferably designed such that no further line for the print medium is arranged between the outlet openings and the semiconductor substrate, i. H. that the pressure medium is applied directly to the semiconductor substrate after exiting the outlet openings.

Vorzugsweise ist der Druckkopf derart ausgebildet, dass der Flussweg zwischen Ventilelement und Auslassöffnung bei jeder der Mehrzahl von Auslassöffnungen jeweils kleiner 5 cm, bevorzugt kleiner 1 cm, insbesondere bevorzugt kleiner 0,3 cm ist.Preferably, the print head is formed such that the flow path between the valve element and the outlet opening at each of the plurality of outlet openings is in each case less than 5 cm, preferably less than 1 cm, particularly preferably less than 0.3 cm.

Das Druckverfahren kann in an sich bekannter Weise, insbesondere wie in EP 2 196 316 B1 beschrieben ausgeführt werden. So wird typischerweise der Drucckopf relativ zu dem Halbleitersubstratz und insbesondere senkrecht zu einer Längserstreckung des Druckkopfes bewegt während des Druckvorgangs bewegt, um ein Auftragen mehrerer paralleler, linienartiger Druckmedienstränge auf dem Halbleitersubstrat zu erzielen.The printing process can be carried out in a manner known per se, in particular as in EP 2 196 316 B1 be executed described. Thus, typically, the print head is moved relative to the semiconductor substrate and, in particular, moved perpendicularly to a longitudinal extent of the print head during the printing operation to achieve application of a plurality of parallel, line-like print media strands on the semiconductor substrate.

Die Ausführungsöffnungen sind vorzugsweise entlang einer Gerade angeordnet.The execution openings are preferably arranged along a straight line.

Weitere vorzugsweise Merkmale und Ausführungsformen werden im Folgenden anhand der Figuren und von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert. Dabei zeigt:

Figuren 1a bis 1c
ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs;
Figuren 2a bis 2c
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs und
Figur 3
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Anwendungsbeispiels eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs.
Further preferred features and embodiments are explained below with reference to the figures and embodiments. Showing:
FIGS. 1a to 1c
a first embodiment of a print head according to the invention;
FIGS. 2a to 2c
A second embodiment of a printhead according to the invention and
FIG. 3
a perspective view of an application example of a third embodiment of a printhead according to the invention.

In den Figuren bezeichnen gleiche Bezugselemente gleiche oder gleichwirkende Elemente.In the figures, like reference numerals designate like or equivalent elements.

In den Figuren 1a bis 1c ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfes schematisch dargestellt,In the FIGS. 1a to 1c a first embodiment of a printhead according to the invention is shown schematically,

Figuren 1a und 1b sowie 2a und 2b zeigen radiale Schnittbilder; Figur 1c sowie 2c zeigen jeweils ein axiales Schnittbild. FIGS. 1a and 1b and FIGS. 2a and 2b show radial sectional views; Figure 1c and 2c each show an axial sectional view.

Der Druckkopf gemäß dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel weist ein Druckkopfgehäuse 1 auf, welches eine zylindrische Ausnehmung aufweist. In der zylindrischen Ausnehmung ist ein Ventilelement 2 drehbar gelagert. Die Drehung kann in den Figuren 1a und 1b in oder gegen den Uhrzeigersinn um einen in Figur 1a dargestellten Drehpunkt D erfolgen. Entsprechend ist in Figur 1c die Drehachse D des Ventilelements 2 dargestellt.The printhead according to the first embodiment has a printhead housing 1 which has a cylindrical recess. In the cylindrical recess, a valve element 2 is rotatably mounted. The rotation can be in the FIGS. 1a and 1b clockwise or counterclockwise around an in FIG. 1a shown pivot point D done. Accordingly, in Figure 1c the axis of rotation D of the valve element 2 is shown.

Das Druckkopfgehäuse 1 weist eine Zuführöffnung 3 zum Zuführen von Druckmedium auf. Weiterhin weist das Druckkopfgehäuse 1 eine Vielzahl von Auslassöffnungen 4 zum Ausgeben des Druckmediums auf. Exemplarisch sind in Figur 1c die randständigen Auslassöffnungen 4a und 4b sowie zwei mittlere Auslassöffnungen 4 gekennzeichnet.The printhead housing 1 has a supply port 3 for supplying pressure medium. Furthermore, the printhead housing 1 has a plurality of outlet openings 4 for discharging the pressure medium. Exemplary are in Figure 1c the marginal outlet openings 4a and 4b and two middle outlet openings 4 characterized.

Wie bereits beschrieben, ist das Ventilelement 2 drehbar in dem Druckkopfgehäuse 1 gelagert. Figur 1a zeigt hierbei die Drehstellung eines Druck-Betriebszustands: In dieser Drehstellung kann ein Druckmedium wie beispielsweise eine Druckpaste über die Zuführöffnung 3 zugeführt werden (Flussweg durch Pfeile gekennzeichnet), das Druckmedium durchläuft eine Leitungsstrecke, welche zwischen Ventilelement 2 und einer Innenwand des Druckkopfgehäuses 1 ausgebildet ist und tritt schließlich an den Auslassöffnungen 4 aus.As already described, the valve element 2 is rotatably mounted in the printhead housing 1. FIG. 1a in this case shows the rotational position of a printing-operating state: In this rotational position, a printing medium such as a printing paste via the supply port 3 are supplied (flow path indicated by arrows), the pressure medium passes through a conduit path which is formed between the valve element 2 and an inner wall of the printhead housing 1 and finally exits at the outlet openings 4.

Wie in Figur 1 ersichtlich, überdeckt die Zufuhröffnung 3 in axialer Richtung die gesamte druckaktive Breite des Druckkopfs. Das Ventilelement 2 weist hingegen für jede Auslassöffnung 4 jeweils eine teilringartige Ausnehmung (in Form eines Teilhohlzylinders mit rechteckigem Querschnitt) auf, siehe exemplarisch die Bezugszeichen 2a und 2b für die randständigen teilringartigen Ausnehmungen des Ventilelements 2 in Figur 1c). Das Druckmedium wird somit mittels der einen Zuführöffnung 3 zugeführt und durch die teilringartigen Ausnehmungen 2a, 2b jeweils einer Auslassöffnung 4 zugeführt.As in FIG. 1 can be seen, the feed opening 3 in the axial direction covers the entire pressure-active width of the print head. The valve element 2, in contrast, has for each outlet opening 4 in each case a part-ring-like recess (in the form of a partial hollow cylinder with a rectangular cross-section), see for example the reference numerals 2a and 2b for the marginal part-ring-like recesses of the valve element 2 in FIG Figure 1c ). The pressure medium is thus supplied by means of a feed opening 3 and fed through the part-ring-like recesses 2 a, 2 b in each case an outlet opening 4.

In einem zweiten Sperr-Betriebszustand wird das Ventilelement 2 gegenüber dem Druckkopfgehäuse 1 gedreht, so dass der in Figur 1a mit S gekennzeichnete Bereich des Ventilelements 2 die Auslassöffnungen 4 überdeckt und somit die Druckmediumausgabe unterbrochen ist.In a second blocking operating state, the valve element 2 is rotated relative to the printhead housing 1, so that the in FIG. 1a S marked area of the valve element 2, the outlet openings 4 covered and thus the pressure medium output is interrupted.

In Figur 1b ist schließlich ein dritter Spül-Betriebszustand dargestellt:
Das Ventilelement 2 weist einen Spülmediumanschluss 5 auf, welcher in dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 als axiale Bohrung des Ventilelementes 2 ausgebildet ist. Weiterhin weist das Ventilelement 2 zu jeder Auslassöffnung 4 jeweils eine als radiale Bohrung ausgebildete radiale Spülmediumleitung 6 auf.
In FIG. 1b Finally, a third rinse operating state is shown:
The valve element 2 has a flushing medium connection 5, which in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is formed as an axial bore of the valve element 2. Furthermore, the valve element 2 has in each case a radial flushing medium line 6 designed as a radial bore for each outlet opening 4.

Wie in Figur 1b ersichtlich, wird im Spül-Betriebszustand das Ventilelement 2 derart gedreht, dass die radiale Spülmediumleitung 6 jeweils mit der zugeordneten Auslassöffnung 4 fluidleitend verbunden ist. In diesem Betriebszustand kann somit Spülmittel über den Spülmediumanschluss 5 zugeführt werden, welches die axiale Spülmittelleitung durchläuft und über die jeweiligen radialen Spülmittelleitungen 4 zu den Auslassöffnungen 4 gelangt, so dass ein Spülen des Druckkopfs erfolgt.As in FIG. 1b can be seen, the valve element 2 is rotated in the purge operating state such that the radial flushing medium line 6 is in each case fluidly connected to the associated outlet opening 4. In this operating state, rinsing agent can thus be supplied via the flushing medium connection 5, which passes through the axial rinsing agent line and reaches the outlet openings 4 via the respective radial rinsing agent lines 4, so that rinsing of the printing head takes place.

Der Druckkopf gemäß Figur 1 ermöglicht somit eine Ausgabe von Druckmedium sowie eine präzise Abschaltung und eine Spülung lediglich abhängig von der Drehstellung des Ventilelements 2 relativ zu dem Druckkopfgehäuse 1.The printhead according to FIG. 1 thus enables an output of pressure medium as well as a precise shutdown and a purge only depending on the rotational position of the valve element 2 relative to the printhead housing. 1

Für die Verwendung hochviskoser Pasten als Druckmedium ist es vorteilhaft, dass der Abstand A zwischen Ventilelement 2 und den Auslassöffnungen 4 gering ist. Bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Abstand A 0,5 mm.For the use of highly viscous pastes as a pressure medium, it is advantageous that the distance A between the valve element 2 and the outlet openings 4 is low. At the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the distance A is 0.5 mm.

Die gestrichelte Linie 7 gemäß Figur 1a beschreibt eine vorzugsweise Abwandlung des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels mit Randabschaltung:
In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel sind die teilringartigen Ausnehmungen 2a, 2b des Ventilelements 2 unterschiedlich zu den verbleibenden teilringartigen Ausnehmungen ausgeführt: Die randständigen teilringartigen Ausnehmungen übergreifen einen geringeren Winkelbereich verglichen mit den übrigen teilringartigen Ausnehmungen. Wie in Figur 1A ersichtlich, übergreift die nicht gestrichelt dargestellte teilringartige Ausnehmung einen Winkelbereich über 200°, wohingegen die teilringartige Ausnehmung 2b, welche an der gestrichelten Linie 7 endet, einen Winkelbereich kleiner 200° überdeckt.
The dashed line 7 according to FIG. 1a describes a preferred modification of the first embodiment with edge shutdown:
In this embodiment, the part-ring-like recesses 2a, 2b of the valve element 2 are designed differently from the remaining part-ring-like recesses: The marginal part-ring-like recesses overlap a smaller angular range compared to the other part-ring-like recesses. As in Figure 1A can be seen, the partial ring-shaped recess not shown in phantom overlaps an angular range over 200 °, whereas the part-ring-like recess 2b, which ends at the dashed line 7, covers an angular range less than 200 °.

Bei der in Figur 1a dargestellten Drehstellung des Ventilelementes 2 ist somit ein Teildruck-Betriebszustand dargestellt: die randständigen Auslassöffnungen 4a und 4b sind durch das Ventilelement verschlossen (es besteht keine fluidleitende Verbindung zwischen Zuführöffnung 3 und den Auslassöffnungen 4a und 4b, da wie in Figur 1a ersichtlich, der Flussweg der Druckpaste an der gestrichelten Linie 7 endet.At the in FIG. 1a Thus, a partial pressure operating state is shown: the peripheral outlet openings 4a and 4b are closed by the valve element (there is no fluid-conducting connection between the feed opening 3 and the outlet openings 4a and 4b, as in FIG FIG. 1a can be seen, the flow path of the printing paste at the dashed line 7 ends.

In diesem Teildruck-Betriebszustand erfolgt somit keine Druckmediumausgabe an den Auslassöffnungen 4a und 4b, sondern lediglich an den verbleibenden Auslassöffnungen 4. Hierdurch ist beispielsweise die Ausbildung metallischer Kontaktierungsfinger auch Pseudo Square-Wafer mit entsprechend kürzeren Fingern in den Randbereichen des Wafers möglich.In this partial pressure operating state, there is thus no pressure medium output at the outlet openings 4a and 4b, but only at the remaining outlet openings 4. As a result, for example, the formation of metallic contacting fingers and pseudo square wafers with correspondingly shorter fingers in the edge regions of the wafer is possible.

Wird das Ventilelement 2 hingegen weiter im Uhrzeigersinn gemäß Figur 1a gedreht, so dass der mit der gestrichelten Linie 7 gekennzeichnete Bereich am linken Rand der Auslassöffnung 4 angeordnet ist, so kann Druckmedium aus sämtlichen Auslassöffnungen 4 ausgegeben werden.If the valve element 2, however, continues in the clockwise direction FIG. 1a rotated, so that the area indicated by the dashed line 7 is arranged on the left edge of the outlet opening 4, so pressure medium from all the outlet openings 4 can be output.

In Figur 2 ist ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Drucckopfs dargestellt. Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen wird nachfolgend lediglich auf die wesentlichen Unterschiede gegenüber dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eingegangen:
Bei dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Druckkopfs ist die Spülmediumleitung teilweise zwischen Ventilelement 2 und Innenwand des Druckkopfgehäuses 1 ausgebildet. Entsprechend ist der Spülmediumanschluss 5 in dem Druckkopfgehäuse ausgebildet, so dass in der Spül-Betriebsstellung gemäß Figur 2b eine fluidleitende Verbindung zwischen Spülmediumanschluss 5 und Auslassöffnung 4 besteht. Der Flussweg zwischen Zuführöffnung 3 und Auslassöffnung 4 ist in diesem Betriebszustand entsprechend gesperrt.
In FIG. 2 a second embodiment of a Drucckopfs invention is shown. To avoid repetition, only the essential differences from the first exemplary embodiment will be discussed below:
In the second embodiment of a printhead according to the invention, the flushing medium line is partially formed between the valve element 2 and the inner wall of the printhead housing 1. Accordingly, the flushing medium connection 5 is formed in the printhead housing, so that in the flushing operating position according to FIG. 2b there is a fluid-conducting connection between flushing medium connection 5 and outlet opening 4. The flow path between the feed opening 3 and outlet opening 4 is blocked accordingly in this operating state.

Umgekehrt ist in dem in Figur 2a dargestellten Druck-Betriebszustand der Flussweg zwischen Spülmediumanschluss 5 und Auslassöffnung 4 ebenso wie der Flussweg zwischen Zuführöffnung 3 und Spülmediumanschluss 5 gesperrt, wohingegen eine fluidleitende Verbindung zwischen Zuführöffnung 3 und Auslassöffnung 4 besteht.Conversely, in the in FIG. 2a illustrated pressure operating state of the flow path between Spülmediumanschluss 5 and outlet 4 as well as the flow path between the supply port 3 and flushing medium port 5 is locked, whereas a fluid-conducting connection between the supply port 3 and outlet port 4 is.

In Figur 3 ist schließlich ein Anwendungsbeispiel schematisch und perspektivisch dargestellt zur Erläuterung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckvorrichtung und eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens:
Zur Herstellung einer photovoltaischen Solarzelle wird auf einem Pseudo Square-Wafer W Metallpartikel enthaltende Druckpaste in einer Mehrzahl parallelen Linien aufgetragen, um metallische Kontaktierungsfinger auszubilden.
In FIG. 3 Finally, an application example is shown schematically and in perspective to explain an embodiment of a printing device according to the invention and a method according to the invention:
To produce a photovoltaic solar cell, printing paste containing metal particles on a pseudo-square wafer W is applied in a plurality of parallel lines in order to form metallic contacting fingers.

Hierzu wird der Wafer W in der mit einem Pfeil gekennzeichneten Dispenserichtung unter dem Druckkopfgehäuse 1 hindurchbewegt. Der Druckkopf kann gemäß Figur 1 oder Figur 2 ausgebildet sein.For this purpose, the wafer W is moved through under the print head housing 1 in the dispensing direction indicated by an arrow. The printhead can work according to FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 be educated.

Der Druckkopf ist Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen Druckvorrichtung, welche weiterhin ein Druckmediumreservoir 7 mit integriertem Druckmediumpumpmittel aufweist, so dass über eine Leitung Druckmedium der Zuführöffnung 3 des Druckkopfgehäuses 1 zuführbar ist.The print head is part of a printing device according to the invention, which further comprises a pressure medium reservoir 7 with integrated pressure medium pumping means, so that pressure medium of the feed opening 3 of the print head housing 1 can be fed via a line.

Hierbei wird durch Drehen des Ventilelementes 2 mittels eines als Elektromotor ausgebildeten Betätigungsmittels 8 zunächst ein Teildruck-Betriebszustand eingestellt, so dass an den randständigen Auslassöffnungen kein Druckmedium ausgegeben wird. Im Bereich der abgeschrägten Ecken (zwei der vier abgeschrägten Ecken sind durch gestrichelte Kreise markiert) des Pseudo Square-Wafers wird somit zunächst kein Druckmedium aufgetragen.In this case, a partial pressure operating state is initially set by turning the valve element 2 by means of an actuating device 8 designed as an electric motor, so that no pressure medium is dispensed at the marginal outlet openings. In the area of the chamfered corners (two of the four beveled corners are marked by dashed circles) of the pseudo square wafer, no print medium is thus initially applied.

Sobald der Wafer W in voller Breite unter dem Druckkopf angeordnet ist, wird durch Drehen des Ventilelements 2 der Druck-Betriebszustand eingestellt, in welchem über sämtliche Auslassöffnungen 4 Druckmedium ausgegeben wird. Sobald die gegenüberliegenden abgeschrägten Ecken des Pseudo Square-Wafers in den Bereich unter den Druckkopf gelangen, wird wiederum durch Drehen des Ventilelements 2 der Teildruck-Betriebszustand eingestellt, so dass lediglich über die nichtrandständigen Auslassöffnungen Druckmedium ausgegeben wird. Ist schließlich der gesamte Wafer bedruckt, so wird wiederum durch Drehen des Ventilelementes 2 der Sperr-Betriebszustand eingestellt, so dass kein Druckmedium aus den Auslassöffnungen mehr austritt.As soon as the wafer W is arranged under full width under the print head, by turning the valve element 2, the printing operating state is set, in which printing medium is discharged via all the outlet openings 4. As soon as the opposing bevelled corners of the pseudo square wafer reach the area under the print head, the partial pressure operating state is again set by turning the valve element 2 so that pressure medium is dispensed only via the non-bordered outlet openings. Finally, if the entire wafer is printed, the blocking operating state is again set by turning the valve element 2 so that no pressure medium escapes from the outlet openings.

Das Betätigungsmittel kann auch als Magnetschalter oder Pneumatikzylinder ausgebildet sein. Vorzugsweise ist das Betätigungsmittel ausgebildet um Schaltzeiten zwischen den Betriebszuständen im Bereich 150 µs bis 150 ms zu ermöglichen.The actuating means may also be designed as a magnetic switch or pneumatic cylinder. Preferably, the actuating means is designed to enable switching times between the operating states in the range of 150 μs to 150 ms.

Nach Durchlaufen des Wafers wird eine Spülmedium-Auffangschale unter den Druckkopf gefahren und durch Drehen des Ventilelementes 2 wird der Spül-Betriebszustand hergestellt. Mittels einer Druckluftquelle 9 wird Druckluft zu einem Spülmediumanschluss 5 des Druckkopfes geleitet, welche über die Spülmediumleitung zu allen Auslassöffnungen 4 geleitet wird, so dass eine Reinigung des Druckkopfes und insbesondere sämtlicher Auslassöffnungen 4 erfolgt.After passing through the wafer, a rinsing medium collecting tray is moved under the print head and by turning the valve element 2, the rinsing operating state is established. By means of a compressed air source 9 compressed air is passed to a flushing medium connection 5 of the print head, which is passed via the flushing medium line to all outlet openings 4, so that a cleaning of the print head and in particular all the outlet openings 4 takes place.

Anschließend wird durch Drehen des Ventilelementes 2 wieder der Teildruck-Betriebszustand eingestellt und der nächste Wafer kann bedruckt werden.Subsequently, the partial pressure operating state is set again by turning the valve element 2 and the next wafer can be printed.

Claims (14)

  1. Print head for applying a printing medium to a substrate, especially a semiconductor structure such as a photovoltaic solar cell, having a print head housing (1) and a valve element (2), wherein the print head housing has at least one feed opening (3) for feeding printing medium and a plurality of outlet openings (4) for dispensing the printing medium,
    wherein the valve element is rotatably mounted in the print head housing (1) in order to navigate between a first printing operating state, in which the feed opening is in fluid-conducting communication with the outlet openings (4), and a second shut-off operating state, in which there is no fluid-conducting communication between the feed opening (3) and the outlet openings,
    characterised in that
    the print head has at least one flushing medium port (5) and the valve element (2) is configured and rotatably mounted in the print head housing (1) in such a way that, in a third flushing operating state, the flushing medium port is in fluid-conducting communication with the outlet openings (4) and, in the first and second operating states, there is no fluid-conducting communication between the flushing medium port (5) and the outlet openings (4) and
    in the print head there is formed a flushing medium conduit having a flushing medium port (5) and at least one flushing medium outlet, so that in the flushing operating state the flushing medium outlet of the valve element is arranged in the region of at least one outlet opening (4) and is in fluid-conducting communication therewith.
  2. Print head according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    in the flushing operating state the flushing medium outlet of the valve element is arranged in the region of the plurality of outlet openings (4) and is in fluid-conducting communication therewith and/or
    the flushing medium conduit has a flushing medium outlet for each outlet opening, and in the flushing operating state each flushing medium outlet is arranged in the region of a respective outlet opening and is in fluid-conducting communication therewith.
  3. Print head according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    the flushing medium conduit is at least in part formed in the valve element (2), especially in the form of an axial conduit, preferably an axial bore in the valve element (2).
  4. Print head according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    the flushing medium conduit is formed between an inner wall of the print head housing, which wall faces towards the valve element (2), and the valve element (2), especially by a channel-like recess in the valve element.
  5. Print head according to claim 4,
    characterised in that
    the flushing medium port (5) is formed in the print head housing (1) and arranged in such a way that in the flushing operating state the flushing medium port (5) is in fluid-conducting communication with the flushing medium conduit.
  6. Print head according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    in a fourth part-printing operating state the feed opening (3) is in fluid-conducting communication with only a sub-set of the plurality of outlet openings (4); especially, outlet openings (4) positioned at the edges are not included in the sub-set.
  7. Print head according to any one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a common fluid conduit is formed between the feed opening (3) and a plurality of outlet openings (4).
  8. Print head according to claim 6 and claim 7,
    characterised in that
    the common fluid conduit is formed between the feed opening (3) and the sub-set of the plurality of outlet openings (4); especially, at least one further fluid conduit is provided for the outlet openings (4) not included in the sub-set; preferably, a further fluid conduit is provided for each outlet opening not included in the sub-set.
  9. Printing device for applying a printing medium to a substrate, especially a semiconductor structure such as a photovoltaic solar cell,
    having a printing medium reservoir (7) and a printing medium pump means and a print head,
    wherein the print head has a print head housing (1) and a valve element (2), the print head housing having at least one feed opening (3) for feeding printing medium and a plurality of outlet openings (4) for dispensing the printing medium,
    wherein the valve element is rotatably mounted in the print head housing (1) in order to navigate between a first printing operating state, in which the feed opening is in fluid-conducting communication with the outlet openings (4), and a second shut-off operating state, in which there is no fluid-conducting communication between the feed opening (3) and the outlet openings,
    wherein the print head has at least one flushing medium port (5) and the valve element (2) is configured and rotatably mounted in the print head housing (1) in such a way that, in a third flushing operating state, the flushing medium port is in fluid-conducting communication with the outlet openings (4) and, in the first and second operating states, there is no fluid-conducting communication between the flushing medium port (5) and the outlet openings (4),
    wherein the printing medium pump means is in fluid-conducting communication with the printing medium reservoir (7) and the feed opening (3) of the print head, to feed printing medium to the print head,
    characterised in that
    the printing device comprises an operating means for the valve element (2), which is configured to rotate the valve element relative to the print head housing (1).
  10. Printing device according to claim 9,
    characterised in that
    the printing device comprises a control unit which is configured to cooperate with the operating means in such a way that, by means of the control unit, a rotated position of the valve element relative to the print head housing (1) is specifiable for each operating state.
  11. Method of applying a printing medium to a substrate, especially a semiconductor structure such as a photovoltaic solar cell, by means of a print head having a print head housing (1) and a valve element (2), the print head housing having at least one feed opening (3) for feeding printing medium and a plurality of outlet openings (4) for dispensing the printing medium, wherein the valve element is rotatably mounted in the print head housing (1) in order to navigate between a first printing operating state, in which the feed opening is in fluid-conducting communication with the outlet openings (4), and a second shut-off operating state, in which there is no fluid-conducting communication between the feed opening (3) and the outlet openings,
    comprising the following method steps:
    A positioning of the print head in the printing operating state;
    B feeding of the printing medium to the print head and dispensing of the printing medium from the outlet openings (4) onto the substrate;
    C positioning of the print head in the shut-off operating state and termination of the feeding of printing medium to the print head;
    characterised in that
    in a method step D, the print head is positioned in the flushing operating state and flushing medium is fed to the flushing medium port (5).
  12. Method according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    a switch-over between operating states B and C takes place simultaneously for all outlet openings (4).
  13. Method according to claim 11,
    characterised in that
    for a sub-set of the outlet openings (4) a switch-over between operating states B and C takes place staggered in time relative to the remaining outlet openings.
  14. Method according to any one of claims 11 to 13,
    characterised in that
    as flushing medium there is used one or more of the group:
    - gases, especially air,
    - solvents, especially acetone and/or terpineol,
    - diluents, especially a substance already present in the printing medium,
    and/or, in method step D, the flushing medium is extracted at the flushing medium port (5).
EP14795843.3A 2013-11-14 2014-11-11 Print head, printing device and method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a photovoltaic solar cell Active EP3068626B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013223250.0A DE102013223250A1 (en) 2013-11-14 2013-11-14 Printhead, printing device and method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a photovoltaic solar cell
PCT/EP2014/074288 WO2015071270A1 (en) 2013-11-14 2014-11-11 Print head, printing device and method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a photovoltaic solar cell

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3068626A1 EP3068626A1 (en) 2016-09-21
EP3068626B1 true EP3068626B1 (en) 2019-10-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14795843.3A Active EP3068626B1 (en) 2013-11-14 2014-11-11 Print head, printing device and method for applying a printing medium to a substrate, in particular a photovoltaic solar cell

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3068626B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102013223250A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2015071270A1 (en)

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US11154892B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2021-10-26 Dürr Systems Ag Coating device for applying coating agent in a controlled manner
US11167308B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2021-11-09 Dürr Systems Ag Print head for the application of a coating agent on a component
US11167297B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2021-11-09 Dürr Systems Ag Print head for the application of a coating agent
US11167302B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2021-11-09 Dürr Systems Ag Coating device and associated operating method
US11203030B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2021-12-21 Dürr Systems Ag Coating method and corresponding coating device
US11298717B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2022-04-12 Dürr Systems Ag Print head having a temperature-control device
US11440035B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2022-09-13 Dürr Systems Ag Application device and method for applying a multicomponent coating medium
US11504735B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2022-11-22 Dürr Systems Ag Coating device having first and second printheads and corresponding coating process
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US11440035B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2022-09-13 Dürr Systems Ag Application device and method for applying a multicomponent coating medium
US11504735B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2022-11-22 Dürr Systems Ag Coating device having first and second printheads and corresponding coating process
US11813630B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2023-11-14 Dürr Systems Ag Coating method and corresponding coating device
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US11944990B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2024-04-02 Dürr Systems Ag Coating device for coating components
US11975345B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2024-05-07 Dürr Systems Ag Coating installation and corresponding coating method

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EP3068626A1 (en) 2016-09-21
DE102013223250A1 (en) 2015-05-21

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