EP2910861A1 - System for cooling or heating and system for compensation of a water or steam system for cooling or heating - Google Patents

Abstract

System (S) for cooling or heating with a liquid or gaseous heat carrier in at least one circuit for a circulation of the heat carrier, the system (S) at least one supply line (WVL1) for transporting the heat carrier from at least one heat source (Z) or heat sink to one or more points of consumption, at least one return line (WRL1) for transporting the heat carrier from the point or points of consumption to the at least one heat source (Z) or heat sink, - At least one suitable for adjusting a flow resistance and configured throttle valve (D) and - At least one measuring device (Mvr) for detecting the temperature in the flow line (WVL1) and / or a measuring device (Mtr) for detecting the temperature in the return line (WRL1), wherein the system (S) has at least one control or regulating device (C) which is connected to the measuring device (Mvr) for detecting the temperature in the flow line (WVL1) and / or the measuring device (Mtr) for detecting the temperature in the return line Line (WRL1) is connected and with which a signal for adjusting a flow resistance can be determined, which is communicated to the throttle valve (D).

Description

The present invention relates to an arrangement for balancing a heat carrier leading, in particular water or steam-carrying system for cooling or heating. The invention further relates to an arrangement with such a system for cooling or heating. Finally, the invention relates to a method for balancing an aforementioned system or arrangement.

From the publication with the publication number EP 1 163 478 B1 is a water-leading system for heating with multiple lines known. In the system, the water is circulated circulating between a heat generator and a heat consumer, overcoming pipe network resistances. The consumers represent in the hydraulic system variable or fixed resistances. In the system, a device for influencing the heat transport performance, in particular via a change in a flow temperature is arranged. Throttle valves with electronic volume flow measuring units are installed in the lines of the hydraulic system. With the volume flow measuring units volume flows can be detected by the throttle valves and given as an actual value in a control and regulating device. From an evaluation unit, the control and regulating device receives a reference variable as desired volumetric flow and determined by comparing the actual volumetric flow with the desired volumetric flow, a manipulated variable, which is passed to an actuating device. By means of the adjusting device, the throttle position of one or more throttle valves is changed. The electronic volume flow measuring units, the control and regulating device and the adjusting devices are fixedly arranged in the hydraulic system.

With one from the publication EP 1 163 478 B1 known arrangement, a hydraulic system can be continuously monitored during operation and hydraulically balanced. It can thus be achieved that the quantities of heat to be distributed via the hydraulic system and in particular the various lines of the hydraulic system are, on the one hand, sufficient to distribute the necessary thermal energy via the lines in a building and, on the other hand, distribute the energy as efficiently as possible and without energy losses so that the generation of thermal energy can always be as economical as possible.

Hydraulic balancing of the system during operation is useful for efficient distribution of thermal energy. However, it is very complicated with the system proposed in the cited document.

The measurement of the volume flow with an electronic volume flow measuring unit can be done with different measuring principles. One method of measuring volumetric flow is the differential pressure method. Other measuring principles are based on ultrasonic measurements.

Most volumetric flow measuring methods are problematic. For example, the differential pressure method is susceptible to disturbances, such as air or dirt particles in the hydraulic system. This can cause a very large measurement error. The disadvantage of measuring principles based on ultrasonic measurements lies in the high costs and the experience required for the operation.

Because of the problems of balancing hydraulic systems due to volumetric flow measurements, many customers, installers, building services planners or consultants have resorted to the adjustment of the heating circuits during commissioning of systems of the type mentioned above. In most cases, the sometimes even legally prescribed adjustment of the heating circuits was not or only insufficiently carried out.

However, the tightening legal regulations and the rising energy costs are forcing a rethinking here. The efficient use of energy through a balanced heating system is once again the focus of consideration.

Another disadvantage of the publication with the publication number EP 1 163 478 B1 The known system is that the installation of volumetric flow measuring units, control and regulating devices and actuators in smaller hydraulic systems offers no efficiency advantage, as long as the hydraulic system has been adjusted once during commissioning. The cost of the components is disproportionate to the efficiency gain and energy cost savings.

Against the background of the disadvantages or problems of the system of the publication with the publication number EP 1 163 478 B1 that became in the document EP 2 157 376 A2 developed system and method developed.

The document EP 2 157 376 discloses a technical teaching, according to which a heat meter is used for a running hydraulic balancing. In addition, an arrangement is proposed, with a one-off hydraulic balancing can be made when commissioning the system.

Hydraulic balancing provides greater efficiency over a non-balanced system. Energy can be used more efficiently in hydraulically balanced systems and heat can be distributed more efficiently.

This good efficiency of hydraulically balanced systems is strictly speaking only for the case of a heat demand, for which the volumetric flows set via the throttle valves were calculated. This is usually the case of the so-called standard heat load.

The adjustment for the case of the standard heat load according to DIN 4701 or EN 12831 is to ensure an effective heat distribution in a building with an outside temperature of -10 ° C. However, at higher temperatures, usually during a heating season, situations may arise in which heat distribution is less effective. But even with an outdoor temperature of -10 ° C or even lower temperatures, the heat distribution can be less effective, since the fall of the standard heat load assumes that all the rooms in a building are heated to a standard room temperature, but often not or not always the case. In addition, the determination of the heating load and, consequently, the determination of the volumetric flows to be achieved in the case of the standard heating load are based on assumptions that do not take into account various realities. These include, among other things, internal and solar profits (energy inputs by the sun, man, devices), Balancing storage effect of components and effects of use, eg simultaneity of standard design temperature (usually at night) and lowering mode, average statistical absence of some residents in large housing units and only partially standard-compliant heating and ventilation of all rooms. These different realities can not or only insufficiently taken into account even with a constant hydraulic balancing during operation.

This is where the present invention begins.

The object is achieved according to the first in that the system has at least one control or regulating device which is connected to the measuring device for detecting the temperature in the flow line and the measuring device for detecting the temperature in the return line and with which Signal for adjusting a flow resistance can be determined, which is communicated to the throttle valve.

With a system according to the invention, it is possible to regulate the temperature in the return line with the control device by adjusting the flow resistance by means of the throttle fitting. Also, with the control means, by adjusting the flow resistance by means of the throttle fitting, the difference between the temperature in the flow line and the temperature in the return line can be controlled. According to the invention underlying consideration, a balance of the system is achieved when the temperature in the return line of the system or the temperatures in the return lines of the system are adjusted, for example, to the same setpoint. Further, according to the idea of the invention, matching may be achieved when the difference between the Temperature in the flow line and the temperature in the return line is regulated. The adjusting by adjusting the at least one throttle valve can be done one or more times or constantly, ie during operation of the system.

Unlike in the known systems, the balance is therefore not considered as the volume flow but the temperature in the return line or the temperature difference between the temperatures in the flow line and the return line.

On the other hand, by considering the temperature in the return line or the temperature difference, in particular if the variables are continuously considered during operation, a more appropriate distribution of the heat can be achieved. Thus, in particular, the effects of the conditions previously not taken into account during the adjustment, in particular during an adjustment during operation, can be taken into account more easily, since most of these conditions have a direct effect on the temperature in the return line.

A further advantage is that, when the system is adjusted due to the temperature or the temperature difference, it is possible to dispense with a still error-prone measurement of volume flows. Instead, the technically simpler temperature measurement can be used. Systems according to the invention can therefore function more reliably than the known systems. However, a system according to the invention may have a measuring device for measuring the volume flow, e.g. to capture energy consumption.

A system according to the invention can have a device for generating a demand profile, with which a time profile can be determined a need for heat in the system can be determined. The device for generating the requirement profile of a system according to the invention can with the measuring device for detecting the temperature in the flow line, the measuring device for detecting the temperature in the return line, at least one measuring device for detecting a volume flow in the flow line and / or the return line and / or at least one pump for pumping the heat carrier to be connected. A device for generating the requirements profile of a system according to the invention can be connected to the control or regulating device for the transmission of a determined demand profile, be part of the control or regulating device or be part of a further control or regulating device. The control or regulating device or the further control or regulating device of a system according to the invention can control a power of the pump as a function of the demand profile. This additionally increases the efficiency of the system, in particular the efficiency of the pump.

Furthermore, it is possible that a control or regulation device of a system according to the invention controls one or more shut-off valves which disconnect the flow line and / or the return line from the heat source, if a predetermined value of the temperature in the return line or a predetermined value of the temperature difference between the temperature in the flow line and the temperature in the return line is reached. If, for example, the temperature in the return line rises to a predetermined value, or if the difference in temperatures drops to a predetermined value, this is a sign of a fulfillment of the heat requirement or even of a lack of heat demand. The shut-off valve provided for this purpose can have an actuating means which actuates a closing element of the shut-off valve. The actuating means can via a Communication line to be connected to the control or regulating device.

A heat meter may comprise the measuring device for detecting the temperature in the feed line, the measuring device for detecting the temperature in the return line and / or a measuring device for detecting a volume flow in the flow line and / or the return line.

A heat meter, which is also referred to as a heat meter, is a measuring device for determining the amount of heat that is supplied to one or more consumption points, for example via a heating circuit or withdrawn via a cooling circuit. The heat meter detects volume flow of the heat carrier and the temperature in the flow and return and calculates therefrom the delivered to the point of consumption or the extracted at the point of consumption the system amount of heat. Heat meters are used to record supply quantities and costs, above all for domestic connections of the local or district heating supply, the supply of parts of buildings or heating system parts (eg heating and domestic water heating) or individual apartments. They are housed for example in transfer stations of local or district heating or apartment connection boxes.

Since the heat meters are provided in particular for detecting the delivery quantities and thus generally also for recording costs, heat meters usually use precisely operating measuring means for detecting the volume flow or temperatures. Often the heat meters are suitable and adapted to be read out via a data query, and for this purpose have suitable interfaces, for example an M-bus interface.

According to the invention, the measuring means for detecting the temperatures of the heat meters can be used for the adjustment. For this purpose, they can be equipped with interfaces that allow continuous reading of the volume flow. One interface that can be used is an M-Bus as defined, for example, in the EN13757 standard. Radio interfaces can also be used.

The throttle valves in a system according to the invention may be line regulating valves. These can be part of a transfer station or an apartment connection box.

A system according to the invention may comprise at least one actuating means suitable for actuating the closing elements of the throttling fittings, e.g. have a servomotor or actuator. These can also be part of a transfer station or a housing connection box.

An inventive system may correspond or be associated with a building or building part supplied strand. However, a system according to the invention may also comprise a plurality of strands which correspond or are assigned to a strand supplied to a building or part of a building.

For transmitting the control signals generated by the control and / or regulating means to the actuating means and for transmitting the determined temperatures from the measuring devices to the control and / or regulating means, the system may comprise suitable and established communication means, in particular lines. A wireless transmission, for example via radio, is possible.

Another inventive approach to solving the problem is to connect the actuating means, the measuring means, control and / or regulating means and / or communication means for adjusting the system only for the time of commissioning with the system and after performing the adjustment of the System to remove. Only the throttle valves can remain in the system. Then a running adjustment during operation of the system is not possible. As a rule, however, a one-off comparison at the first commissioning of the system should be sufficient, at least to meet the legal requirements. A repetition of an adjustment is not excluded. An advantage of this invention is that the measuring devices, the control and / or regulating means, the communication means and actuating means can be used for the adjustment of other systems, as far as they are not part of the balanced system, as with those integrated in the heat meter Measuring devices may be the case.

It is also possible that the system is set up for continuous balancing, ie regulation of the temperature in the return line or a temperature difference of the temperatures between supply line and return line, during operation of the system and the necessary equipment components a suitable system according to the invention are. The necessary communication between different components of a system according to the invention can take place in real time. In such a system, in addition to the temperature in the return or the temperature difference and other sizes in the setting of the system are taken into account. These quantities may be one or more current room temperatures, one or more pumps, the time of day, a boiler temperature, a heat storage temperature, and others.

Fig. 1

in vereinfachter, schematischer Darstellung einen Aufbau eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems und

Fig. 2

einen Wärmezähler des Systems aus Fig. 1 in vereinfachter, schematischer Darstellung.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of an embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows

Fig. 1

in a simplified, schematic representation of a structure of a system according to the invention and

Fig. 2

a heat meter of the system Fig. 1 in a simplified, schematic representation.

That in the Fig. 1 only partially shown inventive system S may be provided in a building with several residential or office units. Each residential or office unit may have heating and hot and cold water supplies. The facilities of only one residential or office unit are shown.

In the figures, fluid-carrying lines are shown by solid lines. Communication lines, for example M-bus lines, are shown with dashed lines.

The system has a central heat source Z. This can be a heat generator, for example a boiler, or a heat exchanger, for example a remote or local heating station (cold boiler). In the central heat source, heat is transferred to a heat transfer medium which circulates in a cycle of the system according to the invention. From this central heat source, a central supply line WVL leads to the individual residential units. These are connected via flow lines WVL1 to the central flow line WVL. The flow lines WVL1 lead via heat meter M to first heat exchangers E1. Of these first heat exchangers E1 of the residential or office units lead return lines WRL1 to a central return line WRL, which lead the cooled in the first heat exchangers E1 heat carrier back to the central heat source Z. In the flow lines WVL1 from the central flow line WVL to the first heat exchanger E1 a shut-off valve A is provided with which the heat supply of the living or office unit can be separated from the central flow line WVL. In the return lines WRL1 of the first heat exchanger E1 to the central return line WRL a throttle valve D is provided, with which the volume flow through the first heat exchanger E1 can be adjusted. In addition, a shut-off valve could be provided in the return line WRL1. The throttle valve could also be arranged in the flow line WVL1. The throttle valve D has an actuating means with which a closing element of the throttle valve can be adjusted by motor and remote control. The throttle valve D has an interface for receiving signals for adjusting the closing element and thus for adjusting the volume flow through the first heat exchanger E1.

Between the shut-off valve A and the throttle body D on the one hand and the first heat exchanger E1 on the other hand, the heat meter M is arranged in the Fig. 2 is shown in more detail. The heat meter comprises a measuring device Mv for measuring the volume flow through the first heat exchanger, a measuring device Mtv for measuring the temperature in the flow line WVL1 to the first heat exchanger and a measuring device Mtr for measuring the temperature in the return line WRL1. Measuring signals of the measuring devices are transmitted to a calculation device B which calculates the heat quantity transferred from the first heat exchanger E1 from the measured values. The measuring signals of the measuring devices Mv, Mtv, Mtr, in particular the Signal for the temperature in the return line WRL1 from the first heat exchanger E1 to the central return line WRL are also transmitted via a communication line to a control or regulating device C, which with the throttle valve D and a circulation pump P in the central flow line WVL connected to set this.

The control or regulating device C is connected to throttle valves D and heat meters M all residential or office equipment in the building.

In the first heat exchangers E1, the heat from the central heat source Z is transferred to heating circuits of the living or office unit. The heating circuit has a pump P1, which circulates a heat carrier in the heating circuit. The heating circuits have a heating circuit flow line HVL and a heating circuit return line HRL, which lead via shut-off valves A to radiators (not shown), with which heat of the heat carrier in the heating circuit is transferred to room air in the living or office units.

Part of the heating circuit is a second heat exchanger E2, in which heat is transferred from the heating circuit to a circuit for heating drinking water to supply the living or office unit. For this purpose, heat is supplied to heat carriers in the second heat exchangers E2. Circulating pumps P2 are provided for circulating these heat carriers. Heat exchangers provided in heat accumulators Sp, the heat is transferred to a house connection HA for drinking water supplied drinking water. The heated in the heat storage Sp drinking water is supplied to taps in the living or office units via hot water pipes WW. About cold water pipes KW These taps are also supplied with cold drinking water from the house connection HA.

The control or regulating device C of the system according to the invention receives measured values of the measuring devices Mtr for the temperature in the return lines. These temperatures are controlled variables. They are controlled by the control or regulating device C. For this purpose, the control or regulating device C acts on the throttle valves D a. Due to signals generated by regulators in the control or regulating device C, the actuating means B of the throttle bodies D are controlled in order to increase or decrease the volume flows through the first heat exchangers E1 by means of the closing elements in the throttle bodies D. At constant power, one of the first heat exchangers E1, i. With constant heat transferred from this first heat exchanger, the temperature in the return line WRL1 rises as the volume flow through this first heat exchanger E1 is increased. If, on the other hand, the volume flow through the first heat exchanger is reduced by the throttle fitting D while the power of the first heat exchanger E1 remains constant, the temperature in the return line WRL1 drops.

Basically, the same temperatures in the return lines are a sign of effective heat distribution in the system. The control or regulating device C is therefore advantageously set up so that the temperatures in all return lines WRL1 are as equal as possible by adjusting the throttle valves D.

Preferably, the control or regulating device can not only influence the throttle valves. It is possible that the control or regulating device C also influences the circulating pump P in the central flow line WVL. That can be done in the way happen that the control device C determines from the data supplied by the heat meters M data requirement profiles that reflect the average heat demand of the residential or office units during a certain period, for example, a day or a week. If these demand profiles are known, the sum of the demand of all the residential or office units can be used to determine the power of the pump P which is necessary to transfer the required heat from the central heat source to the first heat exchangers E1. By adjusting the throttle valves D to control the temperature in the return lines WRL can then be ensured that the funded by the pump P heat is distributed to the living or office units, as required.

This makes a very effective distribution and utilization of the heat generated possible.

Claims (14)

System (S) for cooling or heating with a liquid or gaseous heat carrier in at least one circuit for a circulation of the heat carrier, the system (S) at least one supply line (WVL1) for transporting the heat carrier from at least one heat source (Z) or heat sink to one or more points of consumption, at least one return line (WRL1) for transporting the heat carrier from the point or points of consumption to the at least one heat source (Z) or heat sink, - At least one suitable for adjusting a flow resistance and configured throttle valve (D) and - at least one measuring device (Mvr) for detecting the temperature in the flow line (WVL1) and / or a measuring device (Mtr) for detecting the temperature in the return line (WRL1), characterized in that
the system (S) has at least one control or regulating device (C) which is connected to the measuring device (Mvr) for detecting the temperature in the flow line (WVL1) and / or the measuring device (Mtr) for detecting the temperature in the return line Line (WRL1) is connected and with which a signal for adjusting a flow resistance can be determined, which is communicated to the throttle valve (D). System (S) according to claim 1, characterized in that with the control or regulating device (C) by adjusting the flow resistance by means of the throttle valve (D), the temperature in the return line (WRL1) is adjustable. System (S) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that with the control device (C) by adjusting the flow resistance by means of the throttle valve (D), the difference between the temperature in the flow line (WVL1) and the temperature in the return line (WRL1) is adjustable. System (S) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the system (S) comprises means for creating a demand profile, with which a temporal course of a need for heat in the system (S) can be determined. System (S) according to claim 4, characterized in that the device for generating the demand profile with the measuring device (Mtv) for detecting the temperature in the flow line (WVL1), the measuring device (Mtr) for detecting the temperature in the return Line (WRL1), at least one measuring device (Mv) for detecting a volume flow in the flow line (WVL1) and / or the return line (WRL1) and / or at least one pump (P) for pumping the heat carrier is connected. System (S) according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for generating the demand profile for the transmission of a determined demand profile with the control or regulating device (C) is connected, part of the control or Control device (C) is or is part of another control or regulating device. System (S) according to claim 6, characterized in that the control or regulating device (C) or the further control or regulating device controls a power of the pump (P) in dependence on the demand profile. System (S) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a heat meter (M), the measuring device (Mtv) for detecting the temperature in the flow line (WVL1), the measuring device (Mtr) for detecting the temperature in the Return line (WRL1) and / or measuring device (Mv) for detecting a volume flow in the flow line (WVL1) and / or the return line (WRL1) comprises. System (S) according to claim 8, characterized in that the heat meter (M) for calculating the transported amount of heat from the measured volume flow and the temperature difference between the flow and the return is suitable and set up. System (S) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the throttle body (D) has at least one suitable for actuating a closing element and set up actuating means (B). System (S) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it is suitable and adapted for continuous balancing during operation of the system (S) for cooling or heating. Arrangement for balancing a system (S) carrying a heat carrier, in particular for cooling or heating, having a plurality of circuits: - The heat carrier leading system (S) according to one of claims 1 to 3, the actuating means (B) suitable and furnished for actuating the closing element of the throttle bodies (D), - that for transmitting the control signals generated by the control and / or regulating means (C) to the actuating means (B) and for transmitting the measured values from the measuring devices (Mv, Mtv, Mtr) to the control and / or regulating means (C) appropriate and established means of communication, characterized in that
the actuating means (B), the measuring means (Mv, Mtv, Mtr), the control and / or regulating means (C) and / or communication means for the purpose of balancing the system (S) to parts of the system (S) mountable and after completed Balance can be dismantled. Method for balancing a system (S) according to one of Claims 1 to 12 or an arrangement according to Claim 12, comprising the following steps: a). Entering a set point temperature in the return line (W RL1) or a setpoint temperature difference between the temperature in the return line (WRL1) and the temperature in the flow line (VLR1) by a user or calculation of these set points by a calculation device, b). Equipping the system (S) with the actuating means (B), the measuring devices (Mv, Mtv, Mtr), the control and / or regulating means (C) and / or the communication means, c). Determining the temperatures in the flow and / or return line (WVL1, WRL1) of the system to be adjusted (S), d). Transmission of the measured values for the determined temperatures to the control and / or regulating means (C) by the communication means, e). Comparison of the measured values of the determined temperature in the return line (WRL1) with the setpoint temperature in the return line (WRL1) or comparison of a difference between the temperatures in the flow line and the return line (WVL1, determined from the measured values) WRL1) f). Determining the signals for adjusting the throttle fitting (D) by the control and / or regulating means (C) from the result of the comparison, G). Transmission of the signals to the actuating means (B) by the communication means, H). Adjusting the throttle fitting (D) by the actuating means (B), i). Repeating steps c through g through the determined temperature in the return of the setpoint temperature in the return or the difference between the temperatures in the flow line and the return line corresponds to the desired difference between the temperatures in the flow line and the return line. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the method comprises, after setting the throttle valve (D), the following step: j). Releasing the actuating means (B), measuring means (Mv, Mtv, Mtr), the control and / or regulating means (C) and / or the communication means of the system (S) with the set throttle valves (D) in the system (S ).

Images