EP2942792A1 - Herstellungsverfahren der magnetteile eines differenzialrelais, das eine oberflächenbehandlung durch mikrokugelstrahlen umfasst - Google Patents

Herstellungsverfahren der magnetteile eines differenzialrelais, das eine oberflächenbehandlung durch mikrokugelstrahlen umfasst Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP2942792A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: magnetic; manufacturing; magnetic part; surface treatment; pallet
Prior art date: 2014-05-09
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP15163999.4A

Other languages

English (en)

French (fr)

Other versions

EP2942792B1 (de

Inventor

Ghislain Saujot

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Aperam SA

Original Assignee

Aperam SA

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2014-05-09

Filing date

2015-04-17

Publication date

2015-11-11

2015-04-17 Application filed by Aperam SA filed Critical Aperam SA

2015-11-11 Publication of EP2942792A1 publication Critical patent/EP2942792A1/de

2017-06-14 Application granted granted Critical

2017-06-14 Publication of EP2942792B1 publication Critical patent/EP2942792B1/de

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

2035-04-17 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Images

Classifications

- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
- H01H83/14—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection
- H01H83/144—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by imbalance of two or more currents or voltages, e.g. for differential protection with differential transformer
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/22—Polarised relays
- H01H51/2236—Polarised relays comprising pivotable armature, pivoting at extremity or bending point of armature

Definitions

the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a magnetic part of a high sensitivity differential relay.
Such switches or circuit breakers are intended to ensure the safety of people by quickly cutting a main electrical circuit when a fault appears on this circuit.
the "self-current" type of differential circuit breakers consist of a fault current detector, a high sensitivity differential relay, and a mechanism for opening the main electrical circuit.
the differential relay comprises a magnetic circuit comprising two magnetic pieces, which are a movable pallet and a fixed armature.
the fault current detector When a fault appears on the main electrical circuit, the fault current detector is able to send an electrical signal to the differential relay. In response to this electrical signal, the differential relay opens by pivoting the pallet relative to the armature, which causes the opening mechanism of the main electrical circuit to be set in motion.
the magnetic parts of the differential relay consist of a soft magnetic alloy, characterized by high saturation induction, low coercive field, and relatively high electrical resistivity. Such characteristics ensure proper operation of the differential relay.
the magnetic parts of the magnet magnetic circuit of the iron-nickel type for example an alloy comprising, by weight, from 46% to 49% of nickel, especially %, the rest being iron and impurities resulting from the elaboration.
This alloy has the advantage of having a saturation induction Bs of 1.5 Tesla and a coercive field Hc of 4 A / m.
the magnetic parts thus manufactured are nevertheless likely to be subjected to humid atmospheric conditions, which entails a risk of corrosion between the iron and the nickel of the alloy forming oxides and hydroxides of iron leading either to inadvertent tripping of the differential relay, on the contrary to a bonding of the pallet on the frame.
the magnetic nickel-based alloys used have a low hardness (of the order of 120 HV) and a low wear resistance.
these nickel alloys are not stainless and their resistance to corrosion under the conditions of use of the relay is insufficient.
An object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages and to provide a method for manufacturing magnetic parts of a differential relay having good wear resistance, and which is less costly to implement than the methods according to the invention. state of the art.
the subject of the invention is a process of the aforementioned type, said manufacturing method comprising a step of microbrilling surface treatment of at least a portion of a surface of said magnetic part, said surface treatment step by microbilling comprising a projection of microbeads under pressure on said surface portion.
the invention also relates to a magnetic part of a magnetic circuit of a high sensitivity differential relay, characterized in that it is obtained by a method of manufacturing a magnetic part according to the invention.
the invention also relates to a magnetic circuit of a high sensitivity differential relay, said magnetic circuit comprising two magnetic parts forming a frame and a pallet, characterized in that at least one of said magnetic pieces is a magnetic piece according to the invention. 'invention.
circuit breaker 1 interposed on a main electrical supply circuit of an electrical apparatus 2, for the detection of a leakage current in this main electrical circuit.
the circuit breaker 1 comprises a magnetic core 3, a differential relay with high sensitivity 5, and a mechanism 7 for opening the main electrical circuit.
the magnetic core 3 is able to detect a fault current on the main circuit.
the differential relay 5 comprises a magnetic circuit 9, a permanent magnet 11 and a return spring 13.
the magnetic circuit 9 comprises two magnetic relay parts, which are a movable vane 15 and a U-shaped fixed armature 17.
the frame 17 comprises a base 18, and first and second branches 19 and 20, the branches 19 and 20 being each terminated by a flat polar surface 19a, 20a.
the pallet 15 is mounted facing the polar surfaces 19a, 20a of the frame 17.
the pallet 15 comprises a substantially flat polar surface 15a, adapted to come into contact with the polar surfaces 19a and 20a of the frame 17.
the pallet 15 is pivotally mounted about an axis corresponding to an edge 21 of a first branch 19 of the armature 17, between a rest position, shown in FIG. figure 1 in which the pole surface 15a of the paddle 15 is in contact against the pole surfaces 19a, 20a of the frame 17, and a pivoted position, in which the paddle 15 has pivoted about the edge 21, is more in contact with the polar surface 20a of the second branch 20.
the pole surface 15a of the pallet 15 and the pole surfaces 19a and 20a of the frame 17 are contact areas intended to come into contact with one another.
the pallet 15 and the frame are made of a Fe-Ni alloy.
the Fe-Ni alloy is for example an alloy comprising, by weight, from 46% to 49% of nickel, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the preparation. This is for example an alloy of Supra50® type.
the permanent magnet 11 is in the shape of a parallelepiped bar.
the permanent magnet 11 is placed between the branches 19 and 20 of the armature 17, one of the poles of the magnet 11 being attached to the base 18 of the armature 17, and the other pole being placed opposite of the pallet 15.
the permanent magnet 11 is able to exert a magnetic force on the pallet 15 to maintain it in the rest position.
the return spring 13 is adapted to exert a force on the pallet 15, antagonistic to the force exerted by the permanent magnet 11, to drive it to the rotated position.
a control coil 23 is wound on the second branch 20 of the armature 17.
the control coil 23 is supplied with electric current via the magnetic core 3.
the control coil 23 is able to generate an opposite magnetic flux. the flow of the permanent magnet 11 in the branch 20 when the control coil 13 is traversed by an excitation current.
the spring is calibrated so that a fault current greater than or equal to 30 mA causes a pivoting of the pallet 15 to its pivoted position.
the displacement of the pallet 15 from its rest position to the rotated position makes it possible to actuate the opening mechanism 7 of the main electric circuit, and thus to cut off the power supply to the apparatus 2.
the manufacture of the magnetic circuit 9 comprises the manufacture of the two magnetic parts of this circuit, that is to say the pallet 15 and the armature 17, and the assembly of these two parts to form the circuit.
the manufacture of each of the magnetic parts comprises the manufacture of a blank part.
Each blank is manufactured by cutting in a Fe-Ni alloy strip, followed by a shaping by folding, so as to give each piece the desired geometry, the cutting being followed by a high temperature heat treatment (greater than 1000 ° C) intended to give the band the desired mechanical and magnetic properties, in particular a very low coercive field, for example less than or equal to 15 A / m.
Such a coercive field makes it possible to obtain a high sensitivity of the relay, for example an electrical triggering power of less than 250 ⁇ VA and preferably of between 50 and 150 ⁇ VA.
the alloy strip is obtained from an ingot by hot rolling, followed by cold rolling.
each blank is then subjected to a microbead surface treatment step, during which microbeads are sprayed onto at least a portion of the surface of each blank.
the surface portion on which the microbeads are projected comprises at least the contact zones of this part, that is to say the areas of this part intended to come into contact with the other part.
the microbeads are projected on the sides of the magnetic parts comprising the contact areas of these parts, that is to say the areas of these parts intended to come into contact with each other.
the treatment by microbilling has the effect of performing a surface hardening penetrating a few hundredths of a millimeter, in particular from 0.03 mm to 0.05 mm, on the treated surface portion, and thus to increase the hardness of the piece on this surface portion.
the micro-shot treatment makes it possible to increase the Vickers hardness on the surface of the workpiece by more than 50 HV, the hardness passing for example from 120 HV to more than 170 HV.
a depth of at least a few hundredths of a millimeter, in particular of at least 0.03 mm, is sufficient to keep the possibility of carrying out, after the microbeading treatment, surfacing operations with a slight removal of material, while retaining on the surface of the workpiece an increased hardness of at least 170 HV.
a depth of at most a few hundredths of a millimeter, in particular of at most 0.05 mm makes it possible to ensure the conservation of the magnetic properties of the part.
each of the pieces is subjected to a finishing treatment intended to give the piece the appearance, roughness and flatness desired by the application.
obtaining a roughness Ra at least equal to 0.03 ⁇ m and less than 0.5 ⁇ m ensures a good quality of contact between the contact areas of the two parts.
the pallet 15 and the armature 17 thus manufactured are then assembled to form the magnetic circuit 9.
an intermediate finishing treatment step may be performed on the rough parts prior to the microbead treatment step.
microbead treatment step will now be described in more detail with reference to the figure 2 which schematically illustrates a device 50 for implementing this step.
the device 50 comprises an enclosure 52 comprising an opening 54 for the introduction of the rough parts, able to be sealed in order to seal the enclosure 52.
the device 50 also comprises means 56 for supporting rough magnetic parts, and means 58 for projecting a flow of microbeads conveyed in a fluid, on the parts held by the support means 56.
the means 58 for spraying microbeads comprise a nozzle 60 for projecting a flow of microbeads conveyed in a fluid, and means for supplying the nozzle 60 with a fluid under pressure conveying microbeads.
Microbeads are glass, ceramic or steel balls of micrometric size.
the microbeads have a diameter of between 20 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m.
the microbeads are microbeads of the SS19 type marketed by Rössler France. These microbeads are made of soda-lime glass of average diameter substantially equal to 40 ⁇ m.
the fluid in which the microbeads are conveyed is for example water or air.
the fluid used is water, in which the microbeads are mixed, the mixture comprising 25% by volume of microbeads.
the nozzle 60 comprises an opening 62 through which the pressurized fluid, mixed with the microbeads, is projected.
the shape and dimensions of the opening 62 are adjustable depending on the extent of the surface to be treated and the homogeneity of the desired projection.
the opening 62 is for example a circular opening, with a diameter of between 5 and 12 mm, in particular equal to 10 mm.
the pressure of the fluid mixed with the microbeads at the outlet of the nozzle 60 is for example between 1 and 5 bar.
the support means 56 are able to maintain a magnetic piece in a predetermined position in front of the opening 62 of the nozzle 60 during the projection of the microbeads on this piece.
the support means 56 are furthermore able to modify the position of the magnetic part with respect to the projection means 58, in particular the distance d between the part and the opening 62 and the orientation of the part with respect to the jet issuing from the opening 62, subsequently called angle of attack ⁇ .
the distance d is for example between 100 mm and 200 mm.
the angle of attack is for example equal to 90 °, that is to say that the jet from the nozzle has an angle of incidence on the part substantially equal to 90 °.
the angle of attack can also be chosen less than 90 °, for example equal to 75 °.
the support means 56 comprise, for example, a magnet capable of exerting a magnetic force on a magnetic piece to hold it in position, the magnet being able to be rotated with respect to the nozzle 60 in order to rotate the magnetic piece by compared to the nozzle 60.
the support means 56 thus make it possible to scan one or more parts by the jet coming from the nozzle 60.
Fe-Ni alloy strips comprising 48% of Ni have been manufactured, the balance being iron and impurities resulting from the preparation, from ingots, by hot rolling, followed by cold rolling.
Cutting pallets and reinforcements were then produced by cutting into these strips, followed by bending shaping, and a heat treatment to impart to the band the desired mechanical and magnetic properties.
a finishing intermediate treatment was then carried out on a first series of rough-edged reinforcements, followed by a micro-bead treatment using the device described with reference to FIG. figure 2 .
a finishing treatment was again applied to the reinforcement to obtain finished reinforcement.
a second batch of preformed frameworks was subjected to microbead treatment, without intermediate finishing treatment, by means of the device described with reference to FIG. figure 2 .
a finishing treatment was applied to the reinforcements to obtain finished reinforcement.
microbeaching treatments were carried out using microbeads of SS19 type described above, conveyed in water, the water-microbead mixture comprising 25% microbeads by volume.
the nozzle used is a nozzle having a circular opening 62 of diameter equal to 10 mm. Furthermore, the distance between the opening 62 of the nozzle 60 and the pallets and armatures was set at 150 mm.
the coefficient of roughness Ra of the reinforcements and pallets of each group was also measured.
the influence of the microbell treatment on the electrical properties of a magnetic circuit formed with the treated pallets and reinforcements has been determined.
the impedance of a magnetic circuit according to the state of the art, formed by assembling a pallet and a coated armature but not micro-blasted is typically between 1.10 ⁇ and 1.75 ⁇ .
magnetic circuits were formed from the vanes and armatures of each of the groups, and the impedance of the magnetic circuits thus formed, that is to say the resistance of these circuits to the passage of a magnetic flux, was measured. .
a force F was applied to the pallet 15 by means of a weight. This force is intended to simulate the force exerted by the permanent magnet 11 when the differential relay 5 is in operation.
a first coil 70 comprising N1 turns, was wound around one of the branches 19 of the frame 17, and a second coil 72, comprising N2 turns, was wound around the other branch 20 of the frame 17 .
the first coil 70 is connected to an alternating current generator 74, and the second coil is connected to a voltmeter 76.
An alternating current I was generated by the generator 74 in the first coil 70, the value of this current being controlled by means of an ammeter 78.
the voltage V across the second coil 74 has been measured.
the impedance Z was then determined as the ratio of the voltage V to the current I.
reinforcements of each of the groups of the first series were assembled on the one hand with non-coated and non-micro-blotted pallets, on the other hand with pallets coated with a chromed and non-microbelled coating, and finally with pallets obtained by the process according to the invention, therefore uncoated and microballed, of the corresponding group of the series of pallets.
Reinforcements were also assembled from each of the groups of the second series on the one hand with non-coated and non-micro-blotted pallets, on the other hand with pallets coated with a chromed and non-microbelled coating, and finally with pallets obtained by the process according to the invention, thus uncoated and microballed, of the corresponding group of the series of pallets.
the electrical impedance, denoted Z pal was then measured. prod, magnetic circuits formed by armatures of each of the groups and pallets uncoated and non-microballed, the electrical impedance, denoted Z pal Cr, magnetic circuits formed by armatures of each of the groups and pallets coated with chromium and non microballed, and electrical impedance, noted Z pal ⁇ bill, circuits magnets formed by frames of each group and pallets according to the invention of the corresponding group.
pallets of each of the groups of the series of pallets were assembled on the one hand with uncoated and non-microbelled reinforcement, on the other hand with reinforcement coated with a chromed and non-microbelled coating, and finally with reinforcements obtained by the process according to the invention, thus uncoated and microbeaded, of the corresponding group of the first series of reinforcements.
the electrical impedance, denoted Z arm was then measured. prod, magnetic circuits formed by vanes of each of the uncoated and non-microbelled groups and armatures, the electrical impedance, denoted Z arm Cr, magnetic circuits formed by vanes of each of the chromium-coated groups and armatures and non-microballed, and electrical impedance, denoted Z arm ⁇ bill, magnetic circuits formed by pallets of each of the groups and armatures according to the invention of the corresponding group of the first series of frames.
the electrical impedance Z arm ⁇ bill of a magnetic circuit formed by a pallet of a group and an armature according to the invention of the corresponding group of the first series of armatures is necessarily identical to the electrical impedance Z pal ⁇ bill of a magnetic circuit formed by an armature of the first series of this group and a pallet according to the invention of the corresponding group, as can be seen in Table 2.
Table 2 Impedance, Hardness and Roughness Measurements Series Group N ° Z pal. prod Z pal. dream Z pal.
the roughness coefficients of the pallets and reinforcements are also satisfactory, in particular greater than 0.03 ⁇ m.
the electrical impedances of magnetic circuits formed by a pallet and an armature manufactured according to the method according to the invention have a satisfactory electrical impedance of between 1.10 ⁇ and 1.75 ⁇ . These satisfactory values are also found for electrical circuits of which only one of the mechanical parts has been manufactured according to a method according to the invention.
step of microbrilling treatment makes it possible to increase the hardness of the surface of these magnetic parts without negatively impacting other properties, in particular the impedance of the magnetic circuit or the ability of these parts to undergo effective finishing treatment.
the contact surfaces of the magnetic parts according to the invention therefore have a very satisfactory wear resistance, and substantially greater than the wear resistance of the relays comprising metal coatings of known type.
only the pallet or only the armature can be manufactured according to a method according to the invention.

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Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Electromagnetism (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Power Engineering (AREA)
Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

EP15163999.4A 2014-05-09 2015-04-17 Herstellungsverfahren der magnetteile eines differenzialrelais, das eine oberflächenbehandlung durch mikrokugelstrahlen umfasst Active EP2942792B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
FR1454187A FR3020895B1 (fr)	2014-05-09	2014-05-09	Procede de fabrication de pieces magnetiques d'un relais differentiel comprenant un traitement de surface par microbillage

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP2942792A1 true EP2942792A1 (de)	2015-11-11
EP2942792B1 EP2942792B1 (de)	2017-06-14

Family

ID=50976965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP15163999.4A Active EP2942792B1 (de)	2014-05-09	2015-04-17	Herstellungsverfahren der magnetteile eines differenzialrelais, das eine oberflächenbehandlung durch mikrokugelstrahlen umfasst

Country Status (4)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP2942792B1 (de)
CN (1)	CN105097357B (de)
ES (1)	ES2634000T3 (de)
FR (1)	FR3020895B1 (de)

Citations (3)

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WO2012105913A1 (en) *	2011-02-04	2012-08-09	Eti Elektroelement D.D.	Electromagnetic relay, in particular for interruption of an electric circuit in the cases of differential circuit, and a switch comprising such relay
US20130000797A1 (en) *	2011-07-01	2013-01-03	Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg	Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy

Family Cites Families (4)

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FR2618941B1 (fr) *	1987-07-28	1995-01-06	Merlin Gerin	Declencheur electromagnetique a haute sensibilite et son procede de fabrication
CN201392704Y (zh) *	2009-03-16	2010-01-27	韩伍林	动芯无磨损式双推电磁铁
CN201886854U (zh) *	2010-11-22	2011-06-29	宁波力和机电工业有限公司	一种磁性体
CN102610354A (zh) *	2011-01-24	2012-07-25	北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司	一种耐蚀性稀土磁体及工件的加工方法

2014
- 2014-05-09 FR FR1454187A patent/FR3020895B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
2015
- 2015-04-17 ES ES15163999.4T patent/ES2634000T3/es active Active
- 2015-04-17 EP EP15163999.4A patent/EP2942792B1/de active Active
- 2015-05-06 CN CN201510226841.9A patent/CN105097357B/zh active Active

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0889488A1 (de) *	1997-07-04	1999-01-07	Imphy S.A.	Fe-Ni-Cr-Ti Typ weichmagnetische Legierung für Magnetkreis in einen sensitiven Schalter
WO2012105913A1 (en) *	2011-02-04	2012-08-09	Eti Elektroelement D.D.	Electromagnetic relay, in particular for interruption of an electric circuit in the cases of differential circuit, and a switch comprising such relay
US20130000797A1 (en) *	2011-07-01	2013-01-03	Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg	Soft magnetic alloy and method for producing a soft magnetic alloy

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
FR3020895A1 (fr)	2015-11-13
EP2942792B1 (de)	2017-06-14
CN105097357B (zh)	2019-12-24
ES2634000T3 (es)	2017-09-26
CN105097357A (zh)	2015-11-25
FR3020895B1 (fr)	2016-06-24

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