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EP2834903A1 - Deux-roues à propulsion électrique - Google Patents

Deux-roues à propulsion électrique

Info

Publication number
EP2834903A1
EP2834903A1 EP13717730.9A EP13717730A EP2834903A1 EP 2834903 A1 EP2834903 A1 EP 2834903A1 EP 13717730 A EP13717730 A EP 13717730A EP 2834903 A1 EP2834903 A1 EP 2834903A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnets
return ring
electric machine
stator
wheeler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13717730.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Armin Stubner
Stefan Demont
Norbert Martin
Michel Dietrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2834903A1 publication Critical patent/EP2834903A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by AC motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H02K1/2773—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect consisting of tangentially magnetized radial magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/10—Emission reduction
    • B60L2270/14—Emission reduction of noise
    • B60L2270/145—Structure borne vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
    • B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
    • B62M6/60—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven at axle parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrically driven bicycle with at least one electric machine, which has a stationary stator and a rotatably mounted rotor, wherein the rotor has a return ring with a plurality of permanent magnets arranged distributed over the circumference.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating such a two-wheeler.
  • Bikes of the type mentioned are known from the prior art.
  • electric scooters are operated in the power class up to 4 kW, sometimes up to 11 kW, often with gearless wheel hub motors on the rear wheel.
  • These motors are usually brushless, electrically commutated motors.
  • These have an axle-fixed stator with a generally high number of slots.
  • the cooperating with the stator rotor is directly part of the rim or rim fixed and typically has a, arranged on an iron yoke ring of permanent magnets, in particular rare earth magnets in a high number of poles.
  • the permanent magnets are usually on the
  • Anchor range can be operated usable. As soon as the voltage induced in the stator phases by the rotation of the rotor reaches the maximum available phase voltage from the operating voltage source, the Electric motor off and the torque drops to zero, whereby the maximum possible speed is limited / is.
  • the bicycle according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that it is on the one hand cheaper to produce, since it can be dispensed with the use of expensive rare earth magnets. Due to the peculiarity of the motor topology according to the invention, the usable torque and speed range of the two-wheeler can be extended without significant increase in the electric machine.
  • the bicycle according to the invention is characterized in that the permanent magnets of the electric machine spoke-shaped with alternating tangential
  • Magnetization are arranged in the return ring.
  • Spoke-shaped arrangement are adjacent permanent magnets radially to the axis of rotation of the rotor and thereby aligned in a V-shape to each other in the material of the return ring, whereby the electric machine is given a pronounced salience or gracefulness of the magnetic fluxes of the rotor. Due to the pronounced salience, it is now possible by suitable pre- or Nachkommut ist throughout
  • the bicycle is driven in accordance with such a way that by pre- or Nachkommut réelle if necessary
  • the stator facing radial end surfaces of the permanent magnets are at least substantially, preferably completely free. Because of that between neighboring
  • Permanent magnet material of the return ring is the above-described Salienz guaranteed.
  • a preferred topology with twelve slots and five pairs of poles has a particularly high winding factor with 94% and leads to a sufficiently low for the target application cogging torque.
  • the spoke-like arrangement of the permanent magnets leads to a radially effective in the stator direction flux concentration with the already mentioned pronounced salience.
  • the radial end faces of the permanent magnets facing away from the stator are at least substantially, preferably completely free. This will provide a conclusion about the return material of the
  • both the radial end faces facing the stator and the radial end faces facing away from the stator lie in the shape of a spoke
  • Permanent magnets is essentially interrupted and through the
  • Return ring segments between adjacent permanent magnets is formed.
  • the return ring preserves the function of the magnetic yoke for the stator flux through this division, but are characterized by the
  • Return ring segment run to the next, are formed, wherein preferably an air gap between the connecting webs and the radial end surfaces remains.
  • the webs are designed so narrow that they quickly magnetically saturate, so that the leakage flux losses are minimized.
  • each befindliches between adjacent permanent magnets are provided.
  • the permanent magnets are particularly preferably ferrite magnets. These are cheaper to obtain and therefore lead to a cheaper training of the bicycle.
  • the introduction of the pronounced salience of the electrical machine preferably designed as an electrically commutated synchronous motor in conjunction with field-oriented control allows a low-cost, sensorless rotor position detection by measuring the motor impedance, for example by injecting a high-frequency signal into the stator and measuring the inductive response.
  • a transmission in particular a spur gear or planetary gear
  • the gearbox can be easily integrated into the bicycle due to the special engine topology, which has only a small size.
  • the integration of an optimized for the traction application spur gear can thus be displayed.
  • a spur gear with intermediate shaft is proposed for this application, since with such a space with relatively less effort twice high reductions can be represented technically robust.
  • the transmission can be designed switchable multi-speed.
  • the electric machine has a power electronics for their control.
  • the power electronics in a drive wheel bearing Einarmschwinge the two-wheeler is arranged.
  • the swing arm can be used directly by the power electronics as a cooling surface.
  • the method according to the invention for operating the two-wheeler described above is characterized in that the electrical machine is actuated with a pre-commutation or a post-commutation in order to generate an additional reluctance torque.
  • Figure 5 shows the electric machine in a perspective
  • FIG. 6 shows a comparison of virtual inductances of the electrical
  • Figure 7 shows a drive unit of the bicycle in a
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an electrically driven bicycle 1, the front wheel 2 steerable and the rear wheel 3 by an electric machine 4, which is connected by a gear 5 to the rear wheel 3, is drivable.
  • the electric machine 4 has a fixed stator 6 and a rotatably mounted rotor 7, wherein the rotor 7 is arranged and aligned coaxially with the stator 6.
  • the rotor 7 is provided with a plurality of abutting permanent magnets, typically rare earth magnets, which are arranged on a return ring 9.
  • the usual construction has the
  • stator 6 When the electric machine is actuated (without pre-commutation), the stator 6 does not generate a flux component in the d-direction.
  • the flows in the d and q direction as well as the engine torque M M i are calculated in the case of a three-phase motor, for example:
  • L d , L q represent the instantaneous, virtual stator inductances in the d and q directions
  • Z p corresponds to the number of pole pairs
  • ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ the respective flux components in the d and q directions and the permanent magnets PM is.
  • the virtual inductances L d and L q result in a motor topology after backward calculation of a ring integral along the considered
  • the permanent magnets of the electric machine 4 are at least partially buried, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, arranged. Due to the advantageous arrangement of the permanent magnets within the permanent magnets 8 bearing return ring 9, provide the
  • L d and L q describe instantaneous, virtual inductances, these are typically also dependent on the operating state of the electric machine 4, in particular its speed.
  • Wrd advantageously chosen for the thus formed electric machine 4 from the point of view of the rotor-fixed coordinate system zeitinditionr phase advance angle , which does not disappear the L d component, then the operating variables flow ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , phase voltage U d , U q , Torque M M i, electrical rotation speed Q L , number of pole pairs Z p and sum of the phase currents l a , l b , l c as follows:
  • the torque is added due to the at least partially buried arrangements of the permanent magnets 8 in the return ring 9, an additional torque component, the so-called reluctance torque (L d - L q ) * l d * l q .
  • MTPA Max Torque per Ampere
  • MTPV Max Torque per Volt
  • the measurable terminal inductance L T of a 3-phase motor is calculated using the virtual inductances with the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 as follows:
  • ⁇ describes the rotor's electrical rotor position angle 7. If the salience is pronounced, the measured terminal inductance oscillates with the cosine of the position angle between 3/2 L d and 3/2 L q .
  • an additional sign recognition for distinguishing between the intervals 0 - ⁇ and ⁇ - 2 ⁇ suffices.
  • the ambiguity of the cosine can also without this by means of suitable iteration method
  • Rotor position angle detection are performed.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show an advantageous embodiment of the electric machine 4 of the two-wheeler 1, wherein Figure 4, the electric machine 4 in a sectional view and Figure 5 shows the electric machine in a perspective view.
  • Figure 4 shows the electric machine 4, which is coupled via the gear 5 with the rim of the rear wheel 3.
  • the electric machine 4 has a stationary stator 6 and a rotatably mounted rotor 7.
  • the rotor 7 has a return ring 9, in which permanent magnets 8 are arranged in a spoke shape with an alternating magnetization direction, so that an in
  • permanent magnets 8 are aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor 7.
  • the rotor 7 is designed such that the
  • Permanent magnets 8 are arranged radially exposed with their stator facing radial end surfaces 13 and facing away from the stator radial end surfaces 14. The permanent magnets 8 are thus not radially surrounded by the material of the return ring 9. This prevents magnetic leakage flux.
  • the return ring 9 is in the present
  • the return ring segments 12 may be connected, for example by gluing with the permanent magnet 8 respectively. To strengthen the return ring 9 constructive, it is also conceivable between adjacent
  • connecting web which connects the adjacent return ring segments together, and in each case the intervening
  • Permanent magnets radially overlapped. It is important to ensure that between the permanent magnet and the connecting webs in each case an air gap or an air pocket remains to avoid or reduce magnetic leakage flux.
  • the Connecting webs designed so narrow that they saturate magnetically fast.
  • the permanent magnets 8 are formed as ferrite magnets. Due to the selected topology with, for example, twelve slots and five pole pairs, a particularly high winding factor is achieved with 94%, which leads to sufficiently low cogging torques for the target application in two-wheeled vehicle 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows in the diagram a comparison of the difference between the inductances L d -L q when using ferrite magnets (FM) and rare-earth magnets (SEM) for the permanent magnets 8 via the rotational speed n of the electrical system
  • Permanent magnet 8 results in that the difference of the inductances (L d -L q ) ⁇ 0. Since a pre-commutation by definition negative phase currents l d and positive phase currents l produces q, is obtained for the torque of the electric machine in the field weakening range by pre-commutation a usable, positive additional moment of (L d -L q) * l d * l q.
  • the electric machine has a positive
  • Spur gear with intermediate shaft also provides the necessary decoupling between initiated wheel forces of the vehicle from the path of
  • the transmission 5 can be designed switchable multi-speed.
  • the introduction of a freewheel for the simple rolling operation of the two-wheeler 1 is just as possible as the effective in both directions toothing, which allows the recuperation of the braking energy.
  • the electric machine 4 can also be connected to other identification transformers and can also be provided in a frame-mounted.
  • the electric machine 4 could be connected to the drive wheel 3 via a corresponding gear or a traction mechanism drive.
  • FIG. 7 shows the already indicated in Figure 1 Radfeste mounting the
  • FIG. 7 shows the formation of the drive system of the two-wheeler 1 with the electric machine 4 and the integrated transmission 5, directly with a
  • One-arm 10 of the two-wheeled are connected.
  • the power electronics of the electric machine 4 is advantageously integrated in the single-arm rocker 10 and uses this as a cooling element or as a cooling surface.
  • the proposed topology of the electric machine 4, in conjunction with the integrated transmission 5, leads to such high efficiencies and thus to low power dissipation densities that it is possible to dispense with cooling fins on the electric machine 4 itself, as a result of which the design of the Einarmschwinge or swing arm considerable degrees of freedom be granted.
  • the drive unit as shown in FIG. 7, in the form presented here, by combining the motor topology with high salience and the control method adapted thereto by means of pre-commutation and post-commutation, fulfills the requirements for a drive in a minimal amount

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un deux-roues (1) à propulsion électrique comprenant au moins un moteur électrique (4) qui présente un stator (6) fixé à demeure et un rotor (7) monté à rotation, ce dernier (7) présentant une bague de reflux (9) sur le pourtour de laquelle sont disposés une pluralité d'aimants permanents (8). Selon l'invention, les aimants permanents sont disposés dans la bague de reflux (9) en forme de rayons à magnétisation tangentielle alternante. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour faire fonctionner un tel deux-roues.
EP13717730.9A 2012-04-05 2013-03-27 Deux-roues à propulsion électrique Withdrawn EP2834903A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012205672A DE102012205672A1 (de) 2012-04-05 2012-04-05 Elektrisch angetriebenes Zweirad
PCT/EP2013/056545 WO2013149911A1 (fr) 2012-04-05 2013-03-27 Deux-roues à propulsion électrique

Publications (1)

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EP2834903A1 true EP2834903A1 (fr) 2015-02-11

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EP13717730.9A Withdrawn EP2834903A1 (fr) 2012-04-05 2013-03-27 Deux-roues à propulsion électrique

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US (1) US20150054390A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2834903A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20150095556A (fr)
CN (1) CN104185939B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012205672A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN2014DN07686A (fr)
WO (1) WO2013149911A1 (fr)

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KR20170051568A (ko) * 2015-10-29 2017-05-12 전자부품연구원 자속집중형 회전자 및 그를 갖는 전동기
DE112020000060B4 (de) 2020-04-01 2023-05-04 Guangdong Gobao Electronic Technology Co., Ltd Verfahren zur Durchführung der Energierückgewinnung aus einem Elektrofahrzeug
DE102022114000A1 (de) 2022-06-02 2023-12-07 Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Coburg Antriebsvorrichtung zum Aufbringen einer Gegenkraft für die Vermeidung einer unerwünschten Verstellung einer Innenraumbaugruppe
DE102022212724A1 (de) * 2022-11-28 2024-05-29 M. L. DriveSolutions GmbH Antrieb für ein leichtes Elektrofahrzeug und ein leichtes Elektrofahrzeug
KR102649660B1 (ko) * 2024-02-08 2024-03-21 주식회사 엘엠솔루션 공기 냉각 구조를 갖는 전기 자전거용 모터 구동 휠

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US20100134060A1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 Vermeir Sam J B W Control circuit for a brushless dc motor and method therefor

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FR2645364A1 (fr) * 1989-04-04 1990-10-05 Banon Louis Machine polyphasee synchrone a aimants permanents
JP2000050543A (ja) * 1998-07-24 2000-02-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 永久磁石埋め込みモータ
CN1412038A (zh) * 2001-10-19 2003-04-23 雅马哈发动机株式会社 机动两轮车
US20040041485A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2004-03-04 Horber Ralph W. Permanent magnet motor having flux density characteristics that are internally variable
US20080315702A1 (en) * 2007-06-19 2008-12-25 Hitachi, Ltd. Alternator For Vehicle and Rotating Electrical Machine
US20100134060A1 (en) * 2008-12-03 2010-06-03 Vermeir Sam J B W Control circuit for a brushless dc motor and method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN2014DN07686A (fr) 2015-05-15
DE102012205672A1 (de) 2013-10-10
US20150054390A1 (en) 2015-02-26
CN104185939B (zh) 2018-10-09
KR20150095556A (ko) 2015-08-21
CN104185939A (zh) 2014-12-03
WO2013149911A1 (fr) 2013-10-10

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