Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
  • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
  • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
  • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
  • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
  • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
  • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
  • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
  • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
  • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
  • C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/002—Bainite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/008—Martensite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
  • C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
  • C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
  • Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a hot-rolled steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet excellent in stretch flangeability and low-temperature toughness, and a manufacturing method thereof.
• a steel sheet used as a material of automobile members such as an inner sheet member, a structure member, and an underbody member is required to have stretch flange workability, burring workability, ductility, fatigue durability, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, and so on according to its usage. It is important how these material properties and high strength property are ensured in a high-dimensional and well-balanced manner.
• the steel sheet used as the material of those members needs to be improved also in low-temperature toughness so as to be resistant to destruction even when being subjected to impact caused by collision or the like after they are attached to the automobile as members after molding, particularly to secure the impact resistance in a cold district.
• This low-temperature toughness is defined by vTrs (Charpy fracture appearance transition temperature) or the like. For this reason, it is also necessary to consider the impact resistance itself of the above-described steel sheet.
• the steel sheet used as the material of parts including the above-described members is required to have the low-temperature toughness as a very important characteristic, in addition to excellent workability.
• Patent Documents 1, 2 in which the low-temperature toughness is improved by a method including a martensite phase adjusted in aspect ratio as the main phase (Patent Document 1), and a method of finely precipitating carbide in ferrite having an average grain diameter of 5 to 10 ⁇ £m (Patent Document 2).
• Patent Documents 1 and 2 nothing is mentioned about the stretch flangeability and poor forming may be caused when applying the steel sheet to a member that is to be subjected to burring. Further, also in a steel pipe field and a thick plate field, there is knowledge about improvement of the low-temperature toughness but the fomability as high as that of a thin plate is not required, and there is similar concern.
• Non-Patent Document 1 a metal structure control method of a steel sheet for improving local ductility is also disclosed, and that controlling inclusions, making a single structure, and reducing the hardness difference among structures are effective for the bendability and the stretch flangeability is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1. Further, a technique of improving the strength, the ductility and the stretch flangeability by controlling the finishing temperature of hot rolling, and the reduction ratio and the temperature range of finish rolling, to promote the recrystallization of austenite, suppressing development of a rolled texture, and randomizing the crystal orientations is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2.
• Non-Patent Documents 1, 2 it is conceivable to be able to improve the stretch flangeability by uniformizing the metal structure and the rolled texture from Non-Patent Documents 1, 2 in which, however, no consideration is made for compatibility between the low-temperature toughness and the stretch flangeability
• Patent Document 3 discloses a technology of dispersing appropriate amounts of retained austenite and bainite in a ferrite phase with controlled hardness and grain diameter.
• it is a structure containing soft ferrite at 50% or more and is thus difficult to respond to the demand for higher strength in recent years.
• Non-Patent Document 1 K. Sugimoto et al, "ISIJ International” (2000) Vol. 40, p. 920
• the present invention has been devised in consideration of the above-described problems and its object is to provide a hot-rolled steel sheet, in particular, a hot-rolled steel sheet having high strength and being excellent in stretch flangeability and low-temperature toughness, and a manufacturing method capable of stably manufacturing the steel sheet.
• the present inventors succeeded in manufacturing a steel sheet excellent in stretch flangeability and low-temperature toughness by optimizing the chemical composition and manufacturing conditions of a high-strength hot-rolled steel sheet and controlling an texture and a microstructure of the steel sheet.
• the gist thereof is as follows.
• a hot-rolled steel sheet in particular, a high-strength steel sheet excellent in stretch flangeability and low-temperature toughness.
• Use of the steel sheet makes it possible to easily work the high-strength steel sheet and withstand use in severe cold districts, thereby providing significant industrial contribution.
• an average value of X-ray random intensity ratios of a group of ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations of a sheet plane is 6.5 or less and an X-ray random intensity ratio of a ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113> crystal orientation is 5.0 or less:
• the definitions of the X-ray random intensity ratios are particularly important in the present invention.
• the X-ray diffraction of the sheet plane is performed at the central portion of the sheet thickness that is the steel sheet portion sectioned at the 3/8 thickness position and the 5/8 thickness position of the sheet thickness from the surface of the steel sheet, and the average value of X-ray random intensity ratios of the group of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations, when the intensity ratios of orientations of a standard sample (random sample) that has no specific crystal orientation but has random crystal orientations are obtained, is set to 6.5 or less, thereby making it possible to ensure excellent stretch flangeability satisfying a hole expansion ratio ⁇ 140% and a tensile strength x hole expansion ratio ⁇ 100000 MPa • % in a material of a strength of 590 MPa level, a hole expansion ratio ⁇ 90% and a tensile strength x hole expansion ratio ⁇ 70000 MPa • % in a material of a strength of 780 MPa level, and a hole expansion ratio ⁇ 40% and a tensile
• the average value of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the group of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations is more than 6.5, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the steel sheet extremely increases, so that the stretch flangeability in a specific direction improves but the stretch flangeability in directions different therefrom significantly decreases, resulting in difficulty in obtaining mechanical properties satisfying the aforementioned hole expandability.
• the average value of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the group of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations of the sheet plane becomes less than 0.5, which is difficult to achieve in a current general continuous hot rolling process, deterioration of the hole expandability is concerned. Accordingly, it is preferable to set the average value of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the group of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations of the sheet plane to 0.5 or more.
• the average value of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the group of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations of the sheet plane is obtained by arithmetically averaging the X-ray random intensity ratios of ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011>, ⁇ 116 ⁇ 110>, ⁇ 114 ⁇ 110>, ⁇ 113 ⁇ 110>, ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110>, ⁇ 335 ⁇ 110>, and ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations.
• the X-ray random intensity ratios of the orientations are measured using an apparatus for X-ray diffraction, EBSD (Electron Back Scattering Diffraction) or the like. It is only necessary to obtain from a three-dimensional texture calculated by a vector method on the basis of a ⁇ 110 ⁇ pole figure, or from a three-dimensional texture calculated by a series expansion method using a plurality (preferably three or more) of pole figures among ⁇ 110 ⁇ , ⁇ 100 ⁇ , ⁇ 211 ⁇ , ⁇ 310 ⁇ pole figures.
• the average value of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the group of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations of the sheet plane means the arithmetic average of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the above-described orientations, and may be replaced with the arithmetic average of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011>, ⁇ 116 ⁇ 110>, ⁇ 114 ⁇ 110>, ⁇ 112 ⁇ 110>, and ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations when it is impossible to obtain the X-ray random intensity ratios of all of the above-described orientations.
• the X-ray random intensity ratio of the ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113> crystal orientation of the sheet plane is 5.0 or less (desirably 3.0 or less) at the central portion of the sheet thickness that is the steel sheet portion sectioned at the 3/8 thickness position and the 5/8 thickness position of the sheet thickness from the surface of the steel sheet, the tensile strength x hole expansion ratio ⁇ 50000 that is required to work an underbody part to be required immediately is satisfied. Further, the above-described X-ray random intensity ratio of the ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113> crystal orientation is preferable 3.0 or less.
• the above-described X-ray random intensity ratio of the ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113> crystal orientation is more than 5.0, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the steel sheet extremely increases, so that the stretch flangeability in a specific direction improves but the stretch flangeability in directions different therefrom significantly decreases to decrease the hole expansion ratio.
• the above-described X-ray random intensity ratio of the ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113> crystal orientation becomes less than 0.5, which is difficult to achieve in the current general continuous hot rolling process, deterioration of the hole expandability is concerned. Accordingly, it is preferable to set the above-described X-ray random intensity ratio of the ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113> crystal orientation to 0.5 or more.
• the sample to be subjected to the X-ray diffraction it is only necessary to reduce the steel sheet in thickness to a predetermined sheet thickness from the surface by mechanical polishing or the like, then remove its strain by chemical polishing, electrolytic polishing or the like, and at the same time, adjust the sample in accordance with the above-described method so that an appropriate plane in the range of 3/8 to 5/8 of the sheet thickness becomes a measuring plane, and then perform measurement.
• a crystal orientation represented by ⁇ hkl ⁇ uvw> means that the normal direction to the sheet plane is parallel to ⁇ hkl> and the rolling direction is parallel to ⁇ uvw>.
• An r value (rC) in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is 0.70 or more, and an r value (r30) in a direction 30° from the rolling direction is 1.10 or less:
• the rC is preferably 0.70 or more. Note that the upper limit of the r value is not set in particular, but the rC set to 1.10 or less is preferable because more excellent hole expandability can be obtained.
• the r30 is preferably 1.10 or less. Note that the lower limit of the r value in the direction is not set in particular, but the r30 set to 0.70 or more is preferable because more excellent hole expandability can be obtained.
• An r value (rL) in the rolling direction is 0.70 or more and an r value (r60) in a direction 60° from the rolling direction is 1.10 or less:
• the rL is preferably 0.70 or more. Note that the upper limit of the rL value is not set in particular, but the rL set to 1.10 or less is preferable because more excellent hole expandability can be obtained.
• the r60 is preferably 1.10 or less. Note that the lower limit of the r60 value is not set in particular, but the r60 set to 0.70 or more is preferable because more excellent hole expandability can be obtained.
• r values are each evaluated by a tensile test using a JIS No. 5 tensile test piece. Tensile strain only has to be evaluated usually in a range of 5 to 15% in the case of a high-strength steel sheet, and in a range of uniform elongation.
• a microstructure of the steel sheet :
• average crystal grain diameter, ferrite, and retained austenite are defined using the EBSP-OIM (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction Pattern-Orientation Image Microscopy, trademark) method.
• the EBSP-OIM method is constituted by a device and software of irradiating a highly inclined sample with electron beams in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), photographing a Kikuchi pattern formed by backscattering by a high-sensitive camera and subjecting it to computer image-processing to thereby measure a crystal orientation at the irradiation point within a short period of time.
• SEM scanning electron microscope
• the EBSP method enables a quantitative analysis of a fine structure and a crystal orientation of a bulk sample surface, and can analyze them in an analysis area capable of being observed by the SEM with a resolution of 20 nm at a minimum though it depends on the resolution of the SEM.
• the analysis is performed for several hours by mapping an area to be analyzed for tens of thousands points in a grid state at regular intervals.
• phase can be identified from the structure of the crystal orientation, it is possible to see the crystal orientation distribution and the size of the crystal grain within the sample in a polycrystalline material. It is possible to calculate a misorientation between adjacent measurement points from measurement information, and the average value thereof is called a KAM (Kernel Average Misorientation) value.
• KAM Kernel Average Misorientation
• a grain is visualized to find an average crystal grain diameter.
• a structure in which an average of the KAM value in a crystal grain surrounded by the high-angle tilt grain boundary of 15° is within 1° is defined as ferrite. This is because the ferrite is a high-temperature transformation phase and has small transformation strain.
• a structure identified as austenite by the EBSP method is defined as retained austenite.
• Tempered martensite or lower bainite defined in the present invention means a structure that transforms from the austenite at an Ms point or lower when the Ms point is higher than 350°C, or at 350°C or lower when the Ms point is 350°C or lower, and when the structure is observed under TEM, cementite or metastable iron carbide precipitates in a mutli-variant state in the same lath.
• upper bainite a structure in which cementite or metastable iron carbide precipitates in a single-variant state in the same lath is defined as upper bainite. It is conceivable that this is because the driving force for precipitation of the cementite is lower than that of the tempered martensite or the lower bainite.
• martensite a structure, in which precipitation of cementite or metastable iron carbide is not observed when the structure is observed under TEM, is defined as martensite.
• a single-phase or dual-phase structure such as precipitation strengthened ferrite, bainite, martensite and the like is used to enhance its strength
• the inventors found as a result of an earnest study that when the structure is made to have a total area ratio of the tempered martensite, martensite and lower bainite of or more than 85 area% and an average crystal grain diameter of 12.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably, to have a hardness difference among the structures decreased to a certain level or less, the stress concentration on the structure interface is decreased to improve the stretch flangeability and the low-temperature toughness.
• a structure having a sum of fractions of the tempered martensite structure and the lower martensite of more than 85% has excellent balance between strength and elongation and is thus more preferable.
• the average crystal grain diameter is more than 12.0 ⁇ m, it is difficult to ensure excellent low-temperature toughness satisfying vTrs ⁇ - 40 °C.
• the ferrite may be contained at less than 15% in area ratio.
• the hardness difference among structures assuming that an average value of the hardness when measuring the Vickers hardness at 100 points or more using a micro Vickers with a load of 0.098 N (10gf) is E (HV0.01) and a standard deviation of the hardness is ⁇ (HV0.01), it is preferable to set ⁇ (HV0.01)/E (HV0.01) to 0.08 or less and contain the ferrite at 5 area% or more, because excellent mechanical properties can be obtained which achieve both the stretch flangeability and a total elongation satisfying a tensile strength x hole expansion ratio ⁇ 55000 MPa • % and a tensile strength x total elongation ⁇ 14000 MPa • % and vTrs ⁇ - 40°C at a tensile strength of 980 MPa level or more.
• ⁇ (HV0.01)/E (HV0.01) it is preferable to set the above ⁇ (HV0.01)/E (HV0.01) to 0.06 or less because excellent mechanical properties can be obtained which achieve the stretch flangeability satisfying a tensile strength x hole expansion ratio ⁇ 60000 MPa • % and vTrs ⁇ - 40°C at a tensile strength of 980 MPa level or more. Setting the above ⁇
• the lower limit of the ⁇ (HV0.01)/E (HV0.01) is not set in particular, but is generally 0.03 or more.
• C carbon
• the C content is an element having an action of improving the strength of the steel sheet.
• the C content is set to 0.01% or more.
• the C content is set to 0.2% or less.
• Si is an element having an action of improving the strength of the steel sheet and also performs a function as a deoxidizer of molten steel.
• the Si content is set to 0.001% or more.
• Si also has an action of suppressing the precipitation of the iron-based carbide such as cementite and thereby improving the strength and the hole expandability. From this viewpoint, the Si content is set to 0.1% or more.
• the Si content is set to 2.5% or less. Note that from the viewpoint of effectively improving the strength and the hole expandability by suppressing the precipitation of the iron-based carbide such as cementite, it is preferable to set the Si content to 1.2% or less.
• Mn manganese
• Mn has an action of improving the strength of the steel sheet by solid-solution strengthening and quench-hardening strengthening.
• the Mn content is set to 0.10% or more.
• Mn has an action of expanding the austenite region temperature to the low temperature side and thereby improving the hardenability to facilitate formation of a low-temperature transformation structure having an excellent burring property such as martensite or lower bainite.
• the Mn content is preferably set to 1% or more, and more preferably 2% or more.
• Mn also has an action of suppressing occurrence of hot cracking caused by S.
• the Mn amount ensuring that the Mn content ([Mn]) and the S content ([S]) satisfy [Mn]/[S] ⁇ 20.
• the Mn content is set to 4.0% or less.
• P phosphorus
• the P content is set to 0.10% or less. From the viewpoint of the hole expandability and the weldability, the P content is preferably set to 0.02% or less.
• S sulfur
• S is an element generally contained as an impurity.
• S content is set to 0.030% or less.
• the S content is preferably set to 0.010% or less, and more preferably set to 0.005% or less.
• Al (aluminum) has an action of deoxidizing molten steel in a refining process of the steel to sound the steel.
• the Al content is set to 0.001% or more.
• Al further has, similarly to Si, an action of suppressing the precipitation of the iron-based carbide such as cementite and thereby improving the strength and hole expandability.
• the Al content is preferably set to 0.016% or more.
• the Al content is set to more than 2.0%, the effect by the deoxidation action is saturated, resulting in economic disadvantage. Further, Al may cause cracking in the hot rolling. Therefore, the Al content is set to 2.0% or less.
• the Al content is preferably set to 0.06% or less.
• the Al content is more preferably 0.04% or less.
• N nitrogen
• nitrogen is an element generally contained as an impurity.
• the N content is set to 0.01% or less. From the viewpoint of the aging resistance, the N content is preferably 0.005% or less.
• Ti titanium is an element having an action of improving the strength of the steel sheet by precipitation strengthening or solid-solution strengthening.
• the Ti content is less than (0.005 + 48/14[N] + 48/32[S])% that is decided by the N content [N] (unit: %) and the S content [S] (unit: %), it is difficult to obtain the effect by the above-described action. Therefore, the Ti content is set to (0.005 + 48/14[N] + 48/32[S])% or more.
• the Ti content is set to 0.3% or less.
• Nb (niobium), Cu (copper), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), V (vanadium) and Cr(chromium) are elements each having an action of improving the strength of the steel sheet by solid-solution strengthening or quench-hardening strengthening. Therefore, one or two or more of the elements can be appropriately contained as necessary.
• the Nb content is set to more than 0.06%
• the Cu content is set to more than 1.2%
• the Ni content is set to more than 0.6%
• the Mo content is set to more than 1%
• the V content is set to more than 0.2%
• the Cr content is set to more than 2%
• the Nb content is set to 0 to 0.06%
• the Cu content is set to 0 to 1.2%
• the Ni content is set to 0 to 0.6%
• the Mo content is set to 0 to 1%
• the V content is set to 0 to 0.2%
• the Cr content is set to 0 to 2%. Note that to surely obtain the effect by the above-described action, it is preferable to satisfy any one of Nb: 0.005% or more, Cu: 0.02% or more, Ni: 0.01 % or more, Mo: 0.01 % or more, V: 0.01 % or more, and Cr: 0.01% or more.
• Mg manganesium
• Ca calcium
• REM rare-earth element
• the Mg content is set to more than 0.01%
• the Ca content is set to more than 0.01%
• the REM content is set to more than 0.1%
• the effect by the above-described action is saturated, resulting in economic disadvantage. Therefore, the Mg content is set to 0 to 0.01%
• the Ca content is set to 0 to 0.01%
• the REM content is set to 0 to 0.1 %. Note that to surely obtain the effect by the above-described action, it is preferable to set the content of any one of the elements Mg, Ca and REM to 0.0005% or more.
• B (boron) is an element that is segregated at the grain boundary similarly to C and has an action of increasing the grain boundary strength. That is, B is segregated at the grain boundary as a solid-solution B similarly to the solid-solution C and thereby effectively acts to realize prevention of the fracture surface cracking. Further, even if C precipitates in the grain as carbide to decrease the solid-solution C at the grain boundary, B is segregated at the grain boundary and thereby can compensate for the decrease of C at the grain boundary. Therefore, B may be appropriately contained as necessary.
• the B content is set to 0 to 0.002% or less.
• B is an element that may cause slab cracking in a cooling process after continuous casting and, from this viewpoint, is preferably set to 0.0015% or less. Note that to surely obtain the effect by the above-described action, the B content is preferably set to 0.0002% or more. Further, B also has an action of improving the hardenability, and facilitating formation of a continuous cooling transformation structure being a microstructure that is preferable for the burring property.
• the balance is composed of iron (Fe) and impurities.
• Zr, Sn, Co, Zn, W are contained in some cases, and there is no problem as long as the total of the contents of these elements is 1% or less.
• a plating layer intended to improve corrosion resistance and so on is provided on the surface of the above-described steel sheet to make a surface treated steel sheet.
• the plating layer may be an electroplating layer or a hot-dip plating layer.
• the electroplating layer include electrogalvanizing, Zn-Ni alloy electroplating and so on.
• the hot-dip plating layer include hot-dip galvanizing, alloying hot-dip galvanizing, hot-dip aluminum plating, hot-dip Zn-Al alloy plating, hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg alloy plating, hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg-Si alloy plating and so on.
• a plating adhesion amount is not limited in particular but may be similar to that in the prior art.
• a manufacturing method of the hot-rolled steel sheet :
• the manufacturing method prior to the hot rolling is not particularly limited. That is, it is only necessary to perform, subsequent to melting steel by a shaft furnace, an electric furnace or the like, various kinds of secondary refining to adjust the steel so as to have the above-described chemical composition, then cast it into a steel ingot or a slab by a method such as normal continuous casting, casting by an ingot method, other thin slab casting and so on.
• the steel may be cooled once to a low temperature and then reheated and subjected to hot rolling, or a cast slab may be continuously hot-rolled.
• scraps may be used as a raw material.
• the high-strength steel sheet excellent in stretch flangeability and low-temperature brittleness of the present invention is obtained in the case of satisfying the following requirements.
• the average value of the X-ray random intensity ratios of the group of the ⁇ 100 ⁇ 011> to ⁇ 223 ⁇ 110> orientations of the sheet plane and the X-ray random intensity ratio of the ⁇ 332 ⁇ 113> crystal orientation, at the central portion of the sheet thickness sectioned at the 5/8 thickness position and the 3/8 thickness position of the sheet thickness from the surface of the steel sheet can be controlled as are found in later-described Tables 2, 3, whereby the hole expandability of the final product is drastically improved.
• the T1 temperature itself can be obtained by the empirical expression indicated in the above expression (1).
• the inventors experimentally found from experiments that the recrystallization in the austenite region of each steel is promoted on the basis of the T1 temperature.
• the manufacturing method of the present invention is a method of controlling the texture of a product to improve its hole expandability by uniformly and finely recrystallizing the austenite in the finish rolling.
• the reduction ratio can be obtained by actual results or calculation from the rolling load, sheet thickness measurement and the like, and the temperature can be actually measured when an inter-stand thermometer is installed or can be obtained by a calculation simulation in consideration of heat generation by working from the line speed or the reduction ratio or both of them.
• the time period from final reduction in the reduction in one pass at 30% or more in the first temperature region to the start of primary cooling being water cooling greatly influences the stretch flangeability and the low-temperature toughness.
• the time period t (sec) from the final reduction pass in one pass at 30% or more in the first temperature region to the start of the primary cooling is set to satisfy the following expression (2) with respect to a steel sheet temperature Tf (°C) and a reduction ratio P1 (%) in the final reduction in one pass at 30% or more in the first temperature region.
• t1 is the time period (sec) decided by the following expression (4).
• t ⁇ 1 0.001 ⁇ Tf - T ⁇ 1 ⁇ P ⁇ 1 / 100 2 - 0.019 ⁇ Tf - T ⁇ 1 ⁇ P ⁇ 1 / 100 + 3.1
• a primary cooling amount that is the difference between the steel sheet temperature at the start of cooling in the primary cooling and the steel sheet temperature at the completion of the cooling (cooling temperature change) is set to 40°C or higher and 140°C or lower.
• the primary cooling amount is lower than 40°C, it is difficult to suppress coarsening of the austenite grain, resulting in deterioration of the low-temperature toughness.
• the primary cooling amount is more than 140°C, the recrystallization becomes insufficient to make it difficult to obtain the predetermined texture.
• it is preferable to set the average cooling rate in the primary cooling to 30 °C/sec or higher. It is unnecessary to limit the upper limit of the average cooling rate in the primary cooling in particular, but it is preferable to set the average cooling rate to 2000 °C/sec or lower.
• Cooling is started within three seconds after the primary cooling is performed, to perform secondary cooling of water-cooling at an average cooling rate of 30 °C/sec or higher.
• the secondary cooling means water-cooling performed from the start of the secondary cooling until the start of coiling, and the average cooling rate of the secondary cooling is the average cooling rate in the water cooling and is calculated excluding the period of suspending the water cooling in the case of suspending the water cooling at the middle of the secondary cooling as described later.
• the steel sheet is kept in the high temperature region because the water cooling is not performed. If the secondary cooling is started after more than three seconds after the primary cooling is performed or if the secondary cooling is performed at an average cooling rate lower than 30 °C/sec within three seconds after the primary cooling is performed, the structural fraction of the high-temperature transformation phase such as ferrite, pearlite, upper bainite becomes more than 15% during the secondary cooling from the completion of the finish rolling until the start of coiling to fail to obtain the desired structural fraction and the hardness difference among structures, resulting in deterioration of the low-temperature toughness in particular.
• the upper limit of the average cooling rate in the secondary cooling is not particularly set, but a rate of 300 °C/sec or lower is the adequate average cooling rate in terms of ability of the cooling facility.
• the water cooling may be suspended in a range of 15 seconds or less in a temperature region from 500°C to 800°C (two-phase region of ferrite and austenite) at the middle of the second cooling.
• the suspension of the water cooling is performed to proceed the ferrite transformation in the two-phase region.
• the suspension time of the water cooling is more than 15 seconds
• the ferrite area ratio becomes more than 15% to increase the hardness difference among structures, resulting in deterioration of the stretch flangeability and the low-temperature toughness in some cases. Therefore, in the case of suspending the water cooling at the middle of the secondary cooling, it is desirable to set the time period to 15 seconds or less. Further, it is desirable to set the temperature region where the water cooling is suspended to 500°C or higher and 800°C or lower to easily proceed the ferrite transformation, and set the time period when the water cooling is suspended to 1 second or more. Note that from the viewpoint of productivity, it is more desirable to set the time period for suspending the water cooling to 10 seconds or less.
• coiling is performed at a coiling temperature CT (°C) satisfying the following expression (3).
• CT coiling temperature
• Ms is decided from the following expression (5), and the symbol of each element in the following expression (5) indicates the content (mass%) of the element in the steel.
• Ms °C 561 - 474 ⁇ C - 33 ⁇ Mn - 17 ⁇ Ni - 21 ⁇ Mo
• the austenite grain diameter after the rough hot rolling namely, before the finish hot rolling is important, and the austenite grain diameter before the finish hot rolling is desirably small.
• the average grain diameter (circle-equivalent average diameter) of the austenite can be obtained.
• the rough hot rolling preferably achieves a maximum reduction ratio per pass in the temperature region of 1000°C or higher and 1200°C or lower of 40% or more, and an austenite average grain diameter of 200 ⁇ m or less.
• the austenite grain can be made finer. Further, it is preferable to set the austenite average grain diameter to 100 ⁇ m or lower, and to this end, it is desirable to perform the reduction in one pass at a reduction ratio of 40% or more two or more times.
• the rough hot rolling more than 10 passes may decrease the temperature and excessively generate scale, and the reduction in one pass at a reduction ratio more than 70% may draw the inclusion to cause deterioration of the hole expandability. Therefore, it is desirable to perform the reduction in one pass at a reduction ratio of 40% or more 10 passes or less, and set the maximum reduction ratio to 70% or less.
• the austenite grain diameter before the finish hot rolling By making the austenite grain diameter before the finish hot rolling smaller, the recrystallization of austenite in the finish hot rolling process is promoted to realize the improvement of the hole expandability achieved by setting the rC value and the r30 value to the suitable values. It is presumed that the austenite grain boundary after the rough hot rolling (namely, before the finish hot rolling) functions as one recrystallization nucleus in the finish hot rolling.
• the confirmation of the austenite grain diameter after the rough hot rolling is performed by cooling as quickly as possible a sheet piece before it is subjected to the finish hot-rolling, concretely, by cooling the sheet piece at a cooling rate of 10 °C/sec or higher, then etching the structure in the cross section of the sheet piece to expose the austenite grain boundary, and then performing measurement with an optical microscope.
• the measurement is performed in 20 or more visual fields at 50 or more magnifications by the image analysis or the point counting method.
• a plating layer may be provided on the surface of the steel sheet as necessary to make a surface treated steel sheet.
• the plating layer may be an electroplating layer or a hot-dip plating layer, and the treatment method may be realized by a normal method.
• each steel The chemical components in each steel are listed in Table 1, and manufacturing conditions for each hot-rolled steel sheet are listed in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2. Further, the steel structure, grain diameter and mechanical properties (r value in each direction, tensile strength TS, elongation EL, hole expansion ratio ⁇ , brittleness ductility transition temperature vTrs) of each hot-rolled steel sheet are listed in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2.
• the X-ray random intensity ratio was measured at a pitch of 0.5 ⁇ m at the central portion of the sheet thickness between the 3/8 to 5/8 thickness positions of the sheet thickness from the surface of the steel sheet in the cross sections parallel to the rolling direction and the sheet thickness direction using the above-described EBSD. Further, the r value in each direction was measured by the above-described method.
• the Charpy test was performed conforming to JIS Z 2242 with the steel sheet processed into a 2.5 mm sub-size test piece.

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