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EP2801134B1 - Spark-plug with improved electromagnetic compatibility - Google Patents

Spark-plug with improved electromagnetic compatibility Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2801134B1
EP2801134B1 EP12806364.1A EP12806364A EP2801134B1 EP 2801134 B1 EP2801134 B1 EP 2801134B1 EP 12806364 A EP12806364 A EP 12806364A EP 2801134 B1 EP2801134 B1 EP 2801134B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic
spark plug
insulator
permittivity
plug according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12806364.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2801134A1 (en
Inventor
Ghislain Mouil Sil
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP2801134A1 publication Critical patent/EP2801134A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/40—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices
    • H01T13/41—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other devices with interference suppressing or shielding means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug, especially for a vehicle, with improved electromagnetic compatibility.
  • Spark plugs are known from the prior art in different configurations. Especially in vehicles more and more electrical or electronic devices are used in recent times. Due to the rapid process in the breakthrough (broadband spectrum) plays here in particular the spark plug in the mutual electromagnetic compatibility of the facilities a crucial role. Since vehicles additionally have a trend towards higher pressure internal combustion engines, this problem will be further exacerbated in the future since this can lead to higher ignition voltages and thus to higher possible noise levels. In this case, the interference generated during the ignition process is usually transmitted through the spark plug and can thereby continue to be emitted or continued on cables or the like. It would therefore be desirable to suppress the occurring disturbance as possible during their transfer to the spark plug.
  • a spark plug comprising a one-piece insulator having a through hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug in which a center electrode is disposed, the insulator comprising a first ceramic having a first permittivity and a second ceramic having a second permittivity, and wherein the second permittivity greater than the first permittivity is known
  • the spark plug according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that it has a significantly improved electromagnetic compatibility, even at very high ignition voltages.
  • an occurring disturbance can already be absorbed in the area of the spark plug.
  • the spark plug comprises a one-piece insulator of a first and second ceramic.
  • a first permittivity of the first ceramic is smaller than a second permittivity of the second ceramic.
  • the second ceramic surrounds a provided in a through hole in the insulator resistance element annular and thus covers at least a portion of the resistive element in a longitudinal direction of the spark plug.
  • the second ceramic is arranged such that the resistance element is completely covered by the second ceramic in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug. As a result, a capacitance in the region of the resistance element is significantly increased.
  • the second ceramic is provided such that the second ceramic extends toward a terminal end of the insulator beyond the resistor element.
  • the second ceramic extends in the longitudinal direction while up to a connection-side end of the insulator.
  • a connecting bolt or the like is preferably provided.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the insulator has a double layer region with a first layer of the first ceramic and a second layer of the second ceramic.
  • the first ceramic is arranged in the radial direction within the second ceramic.
  • the electric field strength of the second ceramic can be reduced by about a factor of 10.
  • the first ceramic is arranged in the radial direction outside the second ceramic.
  • the electric field strength of both the first ceramic and the second ceramic can be reduced by about 50% in comparison with the other electric field strengths as individual components, that is, not in a two-layer arrangement.
  • a minimum thickness in the radial direction of the second ceramic in the double-layer region of the insulator is greater than or equal to a maximum thickness of the first ceramic in the radial direction.
  • a thickness of the first ceramic is in a range between 0.7 to 1.3 mm and is particularly preferably about 1 mm.
  • the first and second ceramics are arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug.
  • the sequential arrangement of the two ceramics thereby provides improved reliability and improved wear characteristics of the spark plug, especially when the second ceramic extends over the resistance element in the direction of a terminal end of the insulator.
  • a length of the second ceramic in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug is greater than or equal to 20 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 30 mm.
  • the insulator is a sintered component.
  • a cheaper and easier production of the insulator can be achieved by a sintering process.
  • the permittivity of the second ceramic is about three times four times the permittivity of the first ceramic.
  • the spark plug 1 includes an insulator 2, a center electrode 3, a ground electrode 7, a housing 5, and a terminal bolt 8.
  • the center electrode 3 passes through a through hole 20 in the insulator 2, which terminates from a terminal side 21 extends to an electrode end 22.
  • the center electrode 3 comprises a resistance element 4, which is arranged approximately in a central region of the insulator 2. An electrical connection to an ignition coil is made via the connecting bolt 8.
  • the insulator 2 comprises a first ceramic 23 and a second ceramic 24.
  • the two ceramics 23, 24 are selected such that they have different permittivities, the first permittivity of the first ceramic being smaller than the second permittivity of the second ceramic 24 is.
  • the insulator 2 is formed as a one-piece component, wherein the second ceramic 24 is applied in the form of a layer on the first ceramic 23. This results in the insulator 2, a double-layer region 6, in which the first and second ceramic in the radial direction to a longitudinal axis XX of the spark plug are arranged (see FIG. 1 ).
  • the double-layer region 6 of the insulator is arranged in the spark plug 1 in the longitudinal direction at the level of the resistance element 4.
  • the second ceramic 24 is attached to the outside of the first ceramic 23. Furthermore, the second ceramic 24 is still enclosed by a region of the housing 5.
  • the double-layer region 6 has a length L1 in the longitudinal direction XX of the spark plug, which is the same length as a length L2 of the resistive element 4 in the longitudinal direction XX.
  • the double-layer region 6 surrounds the resistance element 4 annularly and thus covers the entire length L1 of the resistance element 4 in the longitudinal direction XX and in the circumferential direction.
  • a maximum thickness D1 of the first ceramic 23 in the double-layer region 6 is the same as a minimum thickness D2 of the second ceramic 24 in the double-layer region 6 of the insulator.
  • the minimum thickness D2 is present at the end of the second ceramic 24 facing the electrode, in which case the housing 5 and the insulator 2 undergo a taper.
  • the capacitance of the spark plug in the longitudinal direction X-X thereof is changed in the central region, and the higher capacity in the central region of the spark plug improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the spark plug. This makes it possible, in particular, to increase a voltage of the ignition coil for the spark plug, without resulting in negative effects on the electromagnetic compatibility of the spark plug.
  • the spark plug of the first embodiment has an improvement of the damping characteristics by 3 dB in comparison with a spark plug having an insulator 2 made entirely of the first ceramic 3.
  • the one-piece insulator 2 is in this embodiment, a sintered component, so that between the first and second ceramic a cohesive connection is made. Further, the double layer region 6 of the insulator is disposed at a position of the spark plug 1 at which it has the largest diameter (approximately in the middle of the spark plug), the bilayer region 6 tends to be closer to the electrode side.
  • FIG. 2 shows a spark plug 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the second higher-permittivity ceramic 24 is also disposed radially outward of the first ceramic 23.
  • the first embodiment only the full length L2 of the resistive element 4 is covered in the longitudinal direction XX.
  • the second ceramic 24 is provided up to a terminal-side end 21 of the insulator 2.
  • a capacitance of a connection-side part of the spark plug is significantly increased in comparison with the prior art, with an area of the spark plug facing the electrode remaining unchanged.
  • a minimum thickness D3 of the second ceramic 24 is always greater than a maximum thickness D1 of the first ceramic 23 in the double-layer region 6 FIG. 2 it can be seen a thickness D1 of the first ceramic 23 in the double-layer region 6 from the resistance element 4 to the connection-side end 21 remains constant.
  • FIG. 3 shows a spark plug 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention, wherein in the double layer region 6 of the insulator 2, the second ceramic 24 is disposed within the first ceramic 23.
  • the double layer region 6 covers the resistance element 4 in turn in the longitudinal direction XX completely.
  • the second ceramic 24 extends in the direction of the connecting bolt 8 slightly beyond the resistance element 4, whereby an increased capacity in the connection-side part of the spark plug is achieved.
  • FIG. 4 shows a spark plug 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • the insulator 2 is formed without a double layer region.
  • the insulator 2 is further a one-piece component, but has a first electrode-facing portion, which is formed solely of the first ceramic 23, and a second, directed to the terminal bolt 8 area, which is formed exclusively of the second ceramic 24 ,
  • the second ceramic 24 completely covers a resistance element 4 in the longitudinal direction XX of the spark plug. How out FIG. 4 it can be seen, the second ceramic 24 begins at an end 40 of the resistance element 4 directed towards the electrode and extends to the connection-side end 21 of the insulator 2.
  • the fourth exemplary embodiment provides, in particular, high ignition reliability and only minor wear on the electrodes. Also, a significantly improved electromagnetic compatibility can be achieved by an increase in capacity in the connection-side region of the spark plug 1.
  • first ceramic 23 preferably Al 2 O 3 is used and as second ceramic 24 is a material having a perovskite structure ABO 3 .
  • the mineral perovskite has Ca on the A-site and Ti on the B-site.
  • different cations can partially or completely replace the Ca or Ti part.
  • a 2+ B 4+ O 3 perovskites at the A-site may have Sr, Ba, Mg and at the B-site Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ce.
  • Lanthanides may be at A-site or Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co at B-site.
  • the A-site may be Na, K, Rb, and the B-site Nb, Ta, Sb.
  • CaTiO 3 or SrTiO 3 , or MgTiO 3 or SrSnO 3 or YAlO 3 can thus be used for the second ceramic 24.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze, insbesondere für ein Fahrzeug, mit einer verbesserten elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit. Zündkerzen sind aus dem Stand der Technik in unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen bekannt. Insbesondere bei Fahrzeugen werden in jüngster Zeit immer mehr elektrische bzw. elektronische Einrichtungen verwendet. Aufgrund des schnellen Vorgangs beim Durchbruch (breitbandiges Spektrum) spielt hierbei insbesondere auch die Zündkerze bei der gegenseitigen elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit der Einrichtungen eine entscheidende Rolle. Da bei Fahrzeugen zusätzlich ein Trend zu Brennkraftmaschinen mit höheren Drücken vorhanden ist, wird diese Problematik in Zukunft noch weiter verschärft, da dies zu höheren Zündspannungen und damit zu höheren möglichen Störpegeln führen kann. Dabei wird üblicherweise die bei dem Zündvorgang entstandene Störung durch die Zündkerze übertragen und kann dadurch an Kabel oder dergleichen weiter ausgestrahlt bzw. weitergeführt werden. Es wäre daher wünschenswert, die auftretende Störung möglichst schon während deren Übertragung auf die Zündkerze zu unterdrücken. Aus der GB 2136874A ist eine Zündkerze, umfassend- einen einteiligen Isolator mit einer in Längsrichtung der Zündkerze verlaufenden Durchgangsöffnung, in welcher eine Mittelelektrode angeordnet ist, wobei der Isolator eine erste Keramik mit einer ersten Permittivität und eine zweite Keramik mit einer zweiten Permittivität umfasst, und wobei die zweite Permittivität größer als die erste Permittivität ist bekanntThe present invention relates to a spark plug, especially for a vehicle, with improved electromagnetic compatibility. Spark plugs are known from the prior art in different configurations. Especially in vehicles more and more electrical or electronic devices are used in recent times. Due to the rapid process in the breakthrough (broadband spectrum) plays here in particular the spark plug in the mutual electromagnetic compatibility of the facilities a crucial role. Since vehicles additionally have a trend towards higher pressure internal combustion engines, this problem will be further exacerbated in the future since this can lead to higher ignition voltages and thus to higher possible noise levels. In this case, the interference generated during the ignition process is usually transmitted through the spark plug and can thereby continue to be emitted or continued on cables or the like. It would therefore be desirable to suppress the occurring disturbance as possible during their transfer to the spark plug. From the GB 2136874A is a spark plug comprising a one-piece insulator having a through hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug in which a center electrode is disposed, the insulator comprising a first ceramic having a first permittivity and a second ceramic having a second permittivity, and wherein the second permittivity greater than the first permittivity is known

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Zündkerze mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass sie eine signifikant verbesserte elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit, auch bei sehr hohen Zündspannungen, aufweist. Insbesondere kann erfindungsgemäß eine auftretende Störung schon im Bereich der Zündkerze aufgefangen werden. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, dass die Zündkerze einen einteiligen Isolator aus einer ersten und zweiten Keramik aufweist. Eine erste Permittivität der ersten Keramik ist dabei kleiner als eine zweite Permittivität der zweiten Keramik. Dabei umgibt die zweite Keramik ein in einer Durchgangsbohrung im Isolator vorgesehenes Widerstandselement ringförmig und überdeckt somit wenigstens einen Teilbereich des Widerstandselements in einer Längsrichtung der Zündkerze. Durch diese Maßnahme kann eine Kapazität im Bereich des Widerstandselements erhöht werden, wodurch elektromagnetische Störungen durch die Zündkerze reduziert werden können, so dass eine verbesserte elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit erreicht wird.The spark plug according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that it has a significantly improved electromagnetic compatibility, even at very high ignition voltages. In particular, according to the invention, an occurring disturbance can already be absorbed in the area of the spark plug. This is according to the invention achieved in that the spark plug comprises a one-piece insulator of a first and second ceramic. A first permittivity of the first ceramic is smaller than a second permittivity of the second ceramic. In this case, the second ceramic surrounds a provided in a through hole in the insulator resistance element annular and thus covers at least a portion of the resistive element in a longitudinal direction of the spark plug. By this measure, a capacitance in the region of the resistance element can be increased, whereby electromagnetic interference can be reduced by the spark plug, so that an improved electromagnetic compatibility is achieved.

Die Unteransprüche zeigen bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The dependent claims show preferred developments of the invention.

Vorzugsweise ist die zweite Keramik derart angeordnet, dass das Widerstandselement in Längsrichtung der Zündkerze vollständig von der zweiten Keramik überdeckt ist. Hierdurch wird eine Kapazität im Bereich des Widerstandselements signifikant erhöht.Preferably, the second ceramic is arranged such that the resistance element is completely covered by the second ceramic in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug. As a result, a capacitance in the region of the resistance element is significantly increased.

Weiter bevorzugt ist die zweite Keramik derart vorgesehen, dass die zweite Keramik in Richtung zu einem anschlussseitigen Ende des Isolators über das Widerstandselement hinaus verläuft. Besonders bevorzugt verläuft die zweite Keramik in Längsrichtung dabei bis zu einem anschlussseitigen Ende des Isolators. Am anschlussseitigen Ende ist vorzugsweise ein Anschlussbolzen oder dergleichen vorgesehen.More preferably, the second ceramic is provided such that the second ceramic extends toward a terminal end of the insulator beyond the resistor element. Particularly preferably, the second ceramic extends in the longitudinal direction while up to a connection-side end of the insulator. At the connection end, a connecting bolt or the like is preferably provided.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Isolator einen Doppelschichtbereich mit einer ersten Schicht aus der ersten Keramik und einer zweiten Schicht aus der zweiten Keramik aufweist. Durch das Vorsehen des Doppelschichtbereichs kann insbesondere eine Verbesserung einer Durchschlagfestigkeit des Isolators erreicht werden.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the insulator has a double layer region with a first layer of the first ceramic and a second layer of the second ceramic. By providing the double-layer region, in particular, an improvement of a dielectric strength of the insulator can be achieved.

Besonders bevorzugt ist im Doppelschichtbereich des Isolators die erste Keramik in Radialrichtung innerhalb der zweiten Keramik angeordnet. Durch diese Maßnahme kann die elektrische Feldstärke der zweiten Keramik um ca. den Faktor 10 reduziert werden.Particularly preferably, in the double-layer region of the insulator, the first ceramic is arranged in the radial direction within the second ceramic. By this measure, the electric field strength of the second ceramic can be reduced by about a factor of 10.

Alternativ ist die erste Keramik in radialer Richtung außerhalb der zweiten Keramik angeordnet. Bei dieser Variante können die elektrische Feldstärke sowohl der ersten Keramik als auch der zweiten Keramik um ca. 50% im Vergleich mit den sonstigen elektrischen Feldstärken als Einzelbauteile, d.h., nicht in Zweischichtanordnung, reduziert werden.Alternatively, the first ceramic is arranged in the radial direction outside the second ceramic. In this variant, the electric field strength of both the first ceramic and the second ceramic can be reduced by about 50% in comparison with the other electric field strengths as individual components, that is, not in a two-layer arrangement.

Weiter bevorzugt ist eine minimale Dicke in Radialrichtung der zweiten Keramik im Doppelschichtbereich des Isolators größer oder gleich einer maximalen Dicke der ersten Keramik in Radialrichtung. Hierdurch wird eine weiter verbesserte elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit der Zündkerze sichergestellt. Besonders bevorzugt liegt eine Dicke der ersten Keramik in einem Bereich zwischen 0,7 bis 1,3 mm und beträgt besonders bevorzugt ca. 1 mm.More preferably, a minimum thickness in the radial direction of the second ceramic in the double-layer region of the insulator is greater than or equal to a maximum thickness of the first ceramic in the radial direction. As a result, a further improved electromagnetic compatibility of the spark plug is ensured. Particularly preferably, a thickness of the first ceramic is in a range between 0.7 to 1.3 mm and is particularly preferably about 1 mm.

Gemäß einer anderen alternativen Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die erste und zweite Keramik in Längsrichtung der Zündkerze aufeinander folgend angeordnet. Die aufeinander folgende Anordnung der beiden Keramiken stellt dabei eine verbesserte Zuverlässigkeit und verbesserte Verschleißeigenschaften der Zündkerze bereit, insbesondere wenn die zweite Keramik über das Widerstandselement in Richtung eines anschlussseitigen Endes des Isolators verläuft. Durch diese Maßnahme wird insbesondere nur die Kapazität in Richtung des anschlussseitigen Endes der Zündkerze erhöht, wohingegen eine zur Brennraumseite liegende Kapazität der Zündkerze gleich bleibt, da hier keine Änderungen am Isolator vorgenommen werden. Dadurch kann eine erhöhte Erosion, insbesondere der Mittelelektrode, vermieden werden und eine Zündzuverlässigkeit verbessert werden.According to another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the first and second ceramics are arranged consecutively in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug. The sequential arrangement of the two ceramics thereby provides improved reliability and improved wear characteristics of the spark plug, especially when the second ceramic extends over the resistance element in the direction of a terminal end of the insulator. By this measure, in particular only the capacity in the direction of the connection-side end of the spark plug is increased, whereas a combustion chamber side lying capacity of the spark plug remains the same, since no changes are made to the insulator. As a result, increased erosion, in particular the center electrode can be avoided and ignition reliability can be improved.

Weiter bevorzugt ist eine Länge der zweiten Keramik in Längsrichtung der Zündkerze größer oder gleich 20 mm, vorzugsweise größer oder gleich 30 mm. Hierdurch kann über einen längeren Bereich in Axialrichtung der Zündkerze deren Kapazität gezielt beeinflusst werden, um die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit der Zündkerze weiter zu verbessern.More preferably, a length of the second ceramic in the longitudinal direction of the spark plug is greater than or equal to 20 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 30 mm. As a result, over a relatively long range in the axial direction of the spark plug, its capacity can be specifically influenced in order to further improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the spark plug.

Weiter bevorzugt ist der Isolator ein Sinterbauteil. Hierdurch kann eine kostengünstigere und einfachere Herstellung des Isolators durch einen Sintervorgang erreicht werden.More preferably, the insulator is a sintered component. As a result, a cheaper and easier production of the insulator can be achieved by a sintering process.

Weiter bevorzugt beträgt die Permittivität der zweiten Keramik ungefähr das Dreibis Vierfache der Permittivität der ersten Keramik. Durch die Einhaltung dieses Verhältnisses zwischen den Permittivitäten der beiden Keramiken wird die Kapazität der Zündkerze nicht über Maßen erhöht werden, was sich günstig auf die Zündspannung und die Zündzuverlässigkeit auswirkt.More preferably, the permittivity of the second ceramic is about three times four times the permittivity of the first ceramic. By maintaining this ratio between the permittivities of the two ceramics, the capacity of the spark plug will not be excessively increased, which has a favorable effect on the ignition voltage and the ignition reliability.

Zeichnungdrawing

Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitende Zeichnung im Detail beschrieben. In der Zeichnung ist:

Figur 1
eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Zündkerze gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
Figur 2
eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Zündkerze gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung,
Figur 3
eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Zündkerze gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, und
Figur 4
eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Zündkerze gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing is:
FIG. 1
a schematic sectional view of a spark plug according to a first embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 2
a schematic sectional view of a spark plug according to a second embodiment of the invention,
FIG. 3
a schematic sectional view of a spark plug according to a third embodiment of the invention, and
FIG. 4
a schematic sectional view of a spark plug according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der ErfindungPreferred embodiments of the invention

Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung im Detail beschrieben, wobei jeweils gleiche bzw. funktional gleiche Teile mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet sind.Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail, wherein in each case the same or functionally identical parts are designated by the same reference numerals.

Wie aus der in Figur 1 gezeigten Zündkerze 1 des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels ersichtlich ist, umfasst die Zündkerze 1 einen Isolator 2, eine Mittelelektrode 3, eine Masseelektrode 7, ein Gehäuse 5 und einen Anschlussbolzen 8. Die Mittelelektrode 3 verläuft durch eine Durchgangsöffnung 20 im Isolator 2, welche von einem anschlussseitigen Ende 21 bis zu einem elektrodenseitigen Ende 22 verläuft. Die Mittelelektrode 3 umfasst ein Widerstandselement 4, welches ungefähr in einem mittleren Bereich des Isolators 2 angeordnet ist. Über den Anschlussbolzen 8 wird eine elektrische Verbindung mit einer Zündspule hergestellt.As from the in FIG. 1 1, the spark plug 1 includes an insulator 2, a center electrode 3, a ground electrode 7, a housing 5, and a terminal bolt 8. The center electrode 3 passes through a through hole 20 in the insulator 2, which terminates from a terminal side 21 extends to an electrode end 22. The center electrode 3 comprises a resistance element 4, which is arranged approximately in a central region of the insulator 2. An electrical connection to an ignition coil is made via the connecting bolt 8.

Wie weiter aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, umfasst der Isolator 2 eine erste Keramik 23 und eine zweite Keramik 24. Die beiden Keramiken 23, 24 sind dabei derart ausgewählt, dass sie unterschiedliche Permittivitäten aufweisen, wobei die erste Permittivität der ersten Keramik kleiner als die zweite Permittivität der zweiten Keramik 24 ist. Der Isolator 2 ist dabei als einteiliges Bauteil ausgebildet, wobei die zweite Keramik 24 in Form einer Schicht auf die erste Keramik 23 aufgebracht ist. Hierdurch ergibt sich am Isolator 2 ein Doppelschichtbereich 6, in welchem die erste und zweite Keramik in radialer Richtung zu einer Längsachse X-X der Zündkerze angeordnet sind (vergleiche Figur 1). Der Doppelschichtbereich 6 des Isolators ist dabei in der Zündkerze 1 in Längsrichtung auf Höhe des Widerstandselements 4 angeordnet.How farther FIG. 1 2, the insulator 2 comprises a first ceramic 23 and a second ceramic 24. The two ceramics 23, 24 are selected such that they have different permittivities, the first permittivity of the first ceramic being smaller than the second permittivity of the second ceramic 24 is. The insulator 2 is formed as a one-piece component, wherein the second ceramic 24 is applied in the form of a layer on the first ceramic 23. This results in the insulator 2, a double-layer region 6, in which the first and second ceramic in the radial direction to a longitudinal axis XX of the spark plug are arranged (see FIG. 1 ). The double-layer region 6 of the insulator is arranged in the spark plug 1 in the longitudinal direction at the level of the resistance element 4.

Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, ist die zweite Keramik 24 dabei an der Außenseite der ersten Keramik 23 angebracht. Weiterhin wird die zweite Keramik 24 noch von einem Bereich des Gehäuses 5 umschlossen.How out FIG. 1 can be seen, the second ceramic 24 is attached to the outside of the first ceramic 23. Furthermore, the second ceramic 24 is still enclosed by a region of the housing 5.

Wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, weist der Doppelschichtbereich 6 eine Länge L1 in Längsrichtung X-X der Zündkerze auf, welche gleich lang wie eine Länge L2 des Widerstandselements 4 in Längsrichtung X-X ist. Der Doppelschichtbereich 6 umgibt dabei das Widerstandselement 4 ringförmig und überdeckt somit die gesamte Länge L1 des Widerstandselements 4 in Längsrichtung X-X und in Umfangsrichtung. Weiterhin ist eine maximale Dicke D1 der ersten Keramik 23 im Doppelschichtbereich 6 gleich wie eine minimale Dicke D2 der zweiten Keramik 24 im Doppelschichtbereich 6 des Isolators. Die minimale Dicke D2 ist dabei in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel am zur Elektrode gerichteten Ende der zweiten Keramik 24 vorhanden, in welchem das Gehäuse 5 und der Isolator 2 eine Verjüngung erfahren.How out FIG. 1 is apparent, the double-layer region 6 has a length L1 in the longitudinal direction XX of the spark plug, which is the same length as a length L2 of the resistive element 4 in the longitudinal direction XX. The double-layer region 6 surrounds the resistance element 4 annularly and thus covers the entire length L1 of the resistance element 4 in the longitudinal direction XX and in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, a maximum thickness D1 of the first ceramic 23 in the double-layer region 6 is the same as a minimum thickness D2 of the second ceramic 24 in the double-layer region 6 of the insulator. In this embodiment, the minimum thickness D2 is present at the end of the second ceramic 24 facing the electrode, in which case the housing 5 and the insulator 2 undergo a taper.

In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt die relative Permittivität εr der ersten Keramik 23 8 (εr = 8) und die relative Permittivität der zweiten Keramik 24 beträgt εr = 20.In this embodiment, the relative permittivity ε r of the first ceramic 23 is 8 (ε r = 8) and the relative permittivity of the second ceramic 24 is ε r = 20.

Durch das Vorsehen der zweischichtigen Keramik auf Höhe des Widerstandselements 4 wird eine Kapazität C der Zündkerze in diesem Bereich erhöht, wobei eine Kapazität im elektrodennahen Bereich der Zündkerze unverändert bleibt, da hier keinerlei Änderungen in der Keramik des Isolators 2 vorgenommen werden. Somit wird erfindungsgemäß die Kapazität der Zündkerze in deren Längsrichtung X-X im mittleren Bereich verändert, wobei durch die höhere Kapazität im mittleren Bereich der Zündkerze eine elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit der Zündkerze verbessert wird. Dadurch ist es insbesondere möglich, eine Spannung der Zündspule für die Zündkerze zu erhöhen, ohne dass dadurch negative Auswirkungen auf die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit der Zündkerze ausgehen. Die Zündkerze des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels weist dabei im Vergleich mit einer Zündkerze mit einem Isolator 2, welcher vollständig aus der ersten Keramik 3 hergestellt ist, eine Verbesserung der Dämpfungseigenschaften um 3 dB auf.By providing the two-layer ceramic at the level of the resistance element 4, a capacitance C of the spark plug in this area is increased, leaving a capacity in the region of the spark plug close to the electrode unchanged, since no changes are made in the ceramic of the insulator 2. Thus, according to the present invention, the capacitance of the spark plug in the longitudinal direction X-X thereof is changed in the central region, and the higher capacity in the central region of the spark plug improves the electromagnetic compatibility of the spark plug. This makes it possible, in particular, to increase a voltage of the ignition coil for the spark plug, without resulting in negative effects on the electromagnetic compatibility of the spark plug. The spark plug of the first embodiment has an improvement of the damping characteristics by 3 dB in comparison with a spark plug having an insulator 2 made entirely of the first ceramic 3.

Der einteilige Isolator 2 ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein Sinterbauteil, so dass zwischen der ersten und zweiten Keramik eine stoffschlüssige Verbindung hergestellt ist. Weiterhin ist der Doppelschichtbereich 6 des Isolators an einer Position der Zündkerze 1 angeordnet, an welcher diese den größten Durchmesser (ungefähr in der Mitte der Zündkerze) aufweist, wobei der Doppelschichtbereich 6 tendenziell eher näher zur Elektrodenseite angeordnet ist.The one-piece insulator 2 is in this embodiment, a sintered component, so that between the first and second ceramic a cohesive connection is made. Further, the double layer region 6 of the insulator is disposed at a position of the spark plug 1 at which it has the largest diameter (approximately in the middle of the spark plug), the bilayer region 6 tends to be closer to the electrode side.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Zündkerze 1 gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die zweite Keramik 24 mit höherer Permittivität ebenfalls radial außerhalb der ersten Keramik 23 angeordnet. Im ersten Ausführungsbeispiel wird in Längsrichtung X-X dabei nur die vollständige Länge L2 des Widerstandselements 4 überdeckt. Im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die zweite Keramik 24 bis zu einem anschlussseitigen Ende 21 des Isolators 2 vorgesehen. Dadurch wird eine Kapazität eines anschlussseitigen Teils der Zündkerze im Vergleich mit dem Stand der Technik deutlich erhöht, wobei ein zur Elektrode gerichteter Bereich der Zündkerze unverändert bleibt. Weiterhin ist in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine minimale Dicke D3 der zweiten Keramik 24 immer größer als eine maximale Dicke D1 der ersten Keramik 23 im Doppelschichtbereich 6. Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich ist, bleibt eine Dicke D1 der ersten Keramik 23 im Doppelschichtbereich 6 vom Widerstandselement 4 bis zum anschlussseitigen Ende 21 konstant. FIG. 2 shows a spark plug 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the second higher-permittivity ceramic 24 is also disposed radially outward of the first ceramic 23. In the first embodiment, only the full length L2 of the resistive element 4 is covered in the longitudinal direction XX. In the second embodiment, the second ceramic 24 is provided up to a terminal-side end 21 of the insulator 2. As a result, a capacitance of a connection-side part of the spark plug is significantly increased in comparison with the prior art, with an area of the spark plug facing the electrode remaining unchanged. Furthermore, in this embodiment, a minimum thickness D3 of the second ceramic 24 is always greater than a maximum thickness D1 of the first ceramic 23 in the double-layer region 6 FIG. 2 it can be seen a thickness D1 of the first ceramic 23 in the double-layer region 6 from the resistance element 4 to the connection-side end 21 remains constant.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Zündkerze 1 gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobei im Doppelschichtbereich 6 des Isolators 2 die zweite Keramik 24 innerhalb der ersten Keramik 23 angeordnet ist. Wie aus Figur 3 ersichtlich ist, deckt der Doppelschichtbereich 6 dabei das Widerstandselement 4 wiederum in Längsrichtung X-X vollständig. Dabei verläuft die zweite Keramik 24 in Richtung zum Anschlussbolzen 8 etwas über das Widerstandselement 4 hinaus, wodurch eine erhöhte Kapazität im anschlussseitigen Teil der Zündkerze erreicht wird. FIG. 3 shows a spark plug 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention, wherein in the double layer region 6 of the insulator 2, the second ceramic 24 is disposed within the first ceramic 23. How out FIG. 3 it can be seen, the double layer region 6 covers the resistance element 4 in turn in the longitudinal direction XX completely. In this case, the second ceramic 24 extends in the direction of the connecting bolt 8 slightly beyond the resistance element 4, whereby an increased capacity in the connection-side part of the spark plug is achieved.

Figur 4 zeigt eine Zündkerze 1 gemäß einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Isolator 2 ohne Doppelschichtbereich gebildet. Der Isolator 2 ist weiterhin ein einteiliges Bauteil, jedoch weist er einen ersten zur Elektrode gerichteten Bereich auf, der ausschließlich aus der ersten Keramik 23 gebildet wird, und einen zweiten, zum Anschlussbolzen 8 gerichteten Bereich auf, welcher ausschließlich aus der zweiten Keramik 24 gebildet ist. Die zweite Keramik 24 überdeckt dabei ein Widerstandselement 4 in Längsrichtung X-X der Zündkerze vollständig. Wie aus Figur 4 ersichtlich ist, beginnt die zweite Keramik 24 dabei an einem zur Elektrode gerichteten Ende 40 des Widerstandselements 4 und verläuft bis zum anschlussseitigen Ende 21 des Isolators 2. Das vierte Ausführungsbeispiel stellt dabei insbesondere eine hohe Zündzuverlässigkeit und einen nur geringen Verschleiß an den Elektroden bereit. Auch kann durch eine Kapazitätserhöhung im anschlussseitigen Bereich der Zündkerze 1 eine deutlich verbesserte elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit erreicht werden. FIG. 4 shows a spark plug 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the insulator 2 is formed without a double layer region. The insulator 2 is further a one-piece component, but has a first electrode-facing portion, which is formed solely of the first ceramic 23, and a second, directed to the terminal bolt 8 area, which is formed exclusively of the second ceramic 24 , The second ceramic 24 completely covers a resistance element 4 in the longitudinal direction XX of the spark plug. How out FIG. 4 it can be seen, the second ceramic 24 begins at an end 40 of the resistance element 4 directed towards the electrode and extends to the connection-side end 21 of the insulator 2. The fourth exemplary embodiment provides, in particular, high ignition reliability and only minor wear on the electrodes. Also, a significantly improved electromagnetic compatibility can be achieved by an increase in capacity in the connection-side region of the spark plug 1.

Zu allen beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sei angemerkt, dass eine maximale relative Permittivität einen Wert von 100 nicht übersteigt, um immer noch eine ausreichende Durchschlagsfestigkeit zu haben, da festgestellt wurde, dass sich die Durchschlagsfestigkeit der Keramik umgekehrt proportional zu deren relativer Permittivität verhält.It is noted in all of the described embodiments that a maximum relative permittivity does not exceed 100 to still have sufficient dielectric strength since it has been found that the dielectric breakdown strength is inversely proportional to their relative permittivity.

Weiterhin sei zu allen beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen angemerkt, dass als Werkstoff der ersten Keramik 23 vorzugsweise Al2O3 verwendet wird und als zweite Keramik 24 ein Material mit einer Perowskit-Struktur ABO3. Das Mineral Perowskit weist auf dem A-Platz Ca auf und auf dem B-Platz Ti. Allerdings können verschiedene Kationen den Ca- bzw. Ti-Teil teilweise oder auch vollständig ersetzen. Hierbei können beispielsweise A2+B4+O3-Perowskiten am A-Platz Sr, Ba, Mg und am B-Platz Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ce aufweisen. Bei A3+B3+O3-Perowskiten können am A-Platz Lanthaniden oder am B-Platz Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co sein. Bei A1+B5+O3-Perowskiten können den A-Platz Na, K, Rb und den B-Platz Nb, Ta, Sb einnehmen. Beispielhaft kann somit für die zweite Keramik 24 CaTiO3 oder SrTiO3, oder MgTiO3 oder SrSnO3 oder YAlO3 verwendet werden.Furthermore, it should be noted for all described embodiments that as the material of the first ceramic 23 preferably Al 2 O 3 is used and as second ceramic 24 is a material having a perovskite structure ABO 3 . The mineral perovskite has Ca on the A-site and Ti on the B-site. However, different cations can partially or completely replace the Ca or Ti part. Hereby, for example, A 2+ B 4+ O 3 perovskites at the A-site may have Sr, Ba, Mg and at the B-site Ti, Zr, Hf, Sn, Ce. For A 3+ B 3+ O 3 perovskites, Lanthanides may be at A-site or Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co at B-site. For A 1+ B 5+ O 3 perovskites, the A-site may be Na, K, Rb, and the B-site Nb, Ta, Sb. By way of example, CaTiO 3 or SrTiO 3 , or MgTiO 3 or SrSnO 3 or YAlO 3 can thus be used for the second ceramic 24.

Claims (12)

  1. Spark plug, comprising
    - a one-piece insulator (2) with a through-opening (20) which runs in the longitudinal direction (X-X) of the spark plug and in which there is arranged a central electrode (3) with a resistance element (4),
    - wherein the insulator (2) comprises a first ceramic (23) with a first permittivity and a second ceramic (24) with a second permittivity,
    - wherein the second permittivity is greater than the first permittivity and
    - wherein the second ceramic (24) surrounds the resistance element (4) in annular fashion and covers at least one part region of the resistance element (4) in the longitudinal direction (X-X).
  2. Spark plug according to Claim 1, characterized in that the second ceramic (24) completely covers the resistance element (4) in the longitudinal direction (X-X).
  3. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second ceramic (24) continues beyond the resistance element (4) in the longitudinal direction (X-X) in the direction of a connection-side end (21) of the insulator, in particular up to the connection-side end (21) of the insulator.
  4. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulator (2) has a double-layer region (6) with a first layer made of the first ceramic (23) and a second layer made of the second ceramic (24).
  5. Spark plug according to Claim 4, characterized in that, in the radial direction of the spark plug, the first ceramic (23) is arranged inside the second ceramic (24).
  6. Spark plug according to Claim 4, characterized in that, in the radial direction of the spark plug, the first ceramic (23) is arranged outside the second ceramic (24).
  7. Spark plug according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that in the double-layer region (6), a minimal thickness of the second ceramic (24) in the radial direction is greater than or equal to a maximum thickness of the first ceramic (23) in the radial direction.
  8. Spark plug according to Claim 7, characterized in that the thickness (D1) of the first ceramic (23) is between 0.7 and 1.3 mm, and is preferably approximately 1 mm.
  9. Spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first ceramic (23) and the second ceramic (24) are arranged in sequence in the longitudinal direction (X-X).
  10. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a length of the second ceramic (24) in the longitudinal direction (X-X) is greater than or equal to half of a total length of the spark plug, and in particular is greater than or equal to 20 mm, preferably greater than or equal to 30 mm.
  11. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulator (2) is a sintered component.
  12. Spark plug according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permittivity of the second ceramic (24) is three to four times the permittivity of the first ceramic (23).
EP12806364.1A 2012-01-03 2012-11-26 Spark-plug with improved electromagnetic compatibility Active EP2801134B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012200044A DE102012200044A1 (en) 2012-01-03 2012-01-03 Spark plug with improved electromagnetic compatibility
PCT/EP2012/073628 WO2013102519A1 (en) 2012-01-03 2012-11-26 Spark plug having improved electromagnetic tolerance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2801134A1 EP2801134A1 (en) 2014-11-12
EP2801134B1 true EP2801134B1 (en) 2017-09-27

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EP (1) EP2801134B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102012200044A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2653930T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2013102519A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6728890B2 (en) 2016-03-31 2020-07-22 株式会社デンソー Spark plug

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2053369A (en) * 1931-06-24 1936-09-08 Champion Spark Plug Co Spark plug and method of making the same
US4568855A (en) * 1983-03-14 1986-02-04 Champion Spark Plug Company Spark plug
DE3600511A1 (en) * 1985-05-31 1986-12-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart SPARK PLUG FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
EP0349183B1 (en) * 1988-06-21 1993-10-27 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd A spark plug
US7795791B2 (en) * 2006-08-03 2010-09-14 Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. One piece shell high thread spark plug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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EP2801134A1 (en) 2014-11-12
ES2653930T3 (en) 2018-02-09
DE102012200044A1 (en) 2013-07-04
WO2013102519A1 (en) 2013-07-11

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