EP2864517A1 - Hochfester mehrphasenstahl und verfahren zur herstellung eines bandes aus diesem stahl mit einer mindestzugfestigkeit von 580mpa - Google Patents
Hochfester mehrphasenstahl und verfahren zur herstellung eines bandes aus diesem stahl mit einer mindestzugfestigkeit von 580mpaInfo
- Publication number
- EP2864517A1 EP2864517A1 EP13732078.4A EP13732078A EP2864517A1 EP 2864517 A1 EP2864517 A1 EP 2864517A1 EP 13732078 A EP13732078 A EP 13732078A EP 2864517 A1 EP2864517 A1 EP 2864517A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- strip
- content
- hot
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 50
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 22
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 17
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000885 Dual-phase steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 chromium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102100026964 M1-specific T cell receptor beta chain Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Mn+2] VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219307 Atriplex rosea Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000915 Free machining steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoryl Chemical class [P]=O LFGREXWGYUGZLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010731 rolling oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a high-strength multiphase steel according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a hot and / or cold-rolled strip from such a steel according to claim 9.
- the invention relates to steels having a tensile strength in the range of at least 580 MPa to a maximum of 700 MPa with low yield ratios of less than 66% for: - producing components which have excellent formability and improved
- High-strength to ultra-high-strength steels enable lighter vehicle components, resulting in lower fuel consumption and lower environmental impact due to the reduced C0 2 content.
- Newly developed steels must therefore meet the required weight reduction, the increasing material requirements for yield strength, tensile strength, hardening behavior and elongation at break with good formability, as well as the component requirements for high toughness, edge crack resistance, energy absorption and
- Improved edge tear resistance means increased hole widening during forming and is known by synonyms such as Low Edge Crack (LEC) or High Hole Expansion (HHE).
- LEC Low Edge Crack
- HHE High Hole Expansion
- the purpose of the steel according to the invention is also to reduce the thickness of the steels used in the automotive industry (for example, microalloyed LA steels or LAD steels) in order to save weight.
- a high strength steel e.g. Dual phase steel (DP) used to provide adequate strength of automotive components
- dual phase steels which consist of a ferritic basic structure into which a matte second phase of static and
- bainite possibly another phase with bainite and retained austenite is stored.
- the bainite can be present in different forms.
- Multiphase steels are being used more and more, for example complex-phase steels, ferritic-bainitic steels, bainitic steels, martensitic steels, TRIP steels, as well as the previously described dual-phase steels produced by different structural compositions as described in EN 10346 (standard of European steel manufacturers) or VDA239-100 (standard of a steel automotive user) and described hereinafter.
- Complex-phase steels are steels which contain small amounts of martensite, retained austenite and / or pearlite in a ferritic / bainitic matrix, whereby an extreme grain refinement is brought about by delayed recrystallization or by precipitation of micro-alloying elements.
- Ferritic-bainitic steels are steels containing bainite or solidified bainite in a matrix of ferrite and / or solidified ferrite.
- the strength of the matrix is brought about by a high dislocation density, grain refining and the excretion of micro-alloying elements.
- the microstructure typically consists of bainite. Occasionally, small amounts of other phases, such as martensite and ferrite, may be included.
- Martensitic steels are steels that contain small amounts of ferrite and / or bainite in a matrix of martensite due to thermomechanical rolling. This steel grade is characterized by a very high yield strength and tensile strength at a sufficiently high elongation for cold forming processes. Within the group of multiphase steels, the martensitic steels have the highest tensile strength values.
- Dual-phase steels are steels with a ferritic basic structure in which a
- martensitic second phase is insular, possibly also with bainite as second phase.
- dual phase steels show a low
- TRIP steels are steels with a predominantly ferritic basic structure, in which
- Retained austenite which can transform during the transformation to martensite (TRIP effect). Because of its high work hardening, the steel achieves high levels of uniform elongation and tensile strength.
- TRB Taped Blank Lightweight Technology
- a special heat treatment takes place for defined microstructure adjustment where e.g. by comparatively soft components, such as ferrite or bainitic ferrite, the steel its low yield strength and by its hard
- Ingredients such as martensite or carbon-rich bainite, maintains its strength.
- Strip cross section are the process parameters, such as throughput speed,
- the unheated or pickled hot strip is heated in typical thicknesses of 1.50 to 4.00 mm or cold strip in typical thicknesses of 0.50 to 3.00 mm in a continuous annealing furnace to a temperature such that during cooling the required Structure education sets.
- Constant temperature is difficult to achieve, especially with different thicknesses in the transition region from one band to the other band. This can be done
- alloy compositions with too small process windows in the continuous flow result in e.g. the thinner belt is either driven too slowly through the furnace, reducing productivity, or driving the thicker belt through the furnace too quickly and not achieving the necessary annealing temperatures and cooling gradients to achieve the desired texture. The consequences are increased rejects.
- TRB ® s with multi-phase structure is currently known alloys and available continuous Glühaniagen for strongly varying strip thicknesses but not without additional expenses, such as an additional heat treatment prior to cold rolling, possible.
- a homogeneous multi-phase microstructure in cold as well as hot rolled steel strips can be adjusted due to a occurring in the usual iegleitersspezifisch narrow process windows Temperaturgefäiies.
- a method for producing a steel strip of different thickness over the strip length is described e.g. described in DE 100 37 867 A1.
- the annealing usually takes place in a galvanizing bath upstream continuous annealing.
- the required microstructure of the hot strip may also be adjusted in the continuous furnace during the annealing treatment, in order to achieve the required mechanical properties.
- Multiphase steel has the problem that with the tested there
- Multiphase steels are characterized by too narrow a process window and are therefore unsuitable for solving the present problem, in particular in flexibly rolled strips.
- Only steels are one of the known alloy concepts
- Strength class with defined cross-sectional areas can be displayed, so that different alloying concepts are required for different strength classes and / or cross-sectional areas.
- the state of the art is that an increase in strength is achieved by the increase in the quantity of carbon and / or silicon and / or manganese and an increase in the strength via the microstructural adjustments and the solid solution hardening (mixed crystal hardening) with adapted temperature control.
- Increasing the quantity of the aforementioned elements causes the material processing properties, for example in welding, forming and hot dipping, but also the industrial production in all process stages, such as steelmaking, hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling and
- CET C + (Mn + Mo) / 10 + (Cr + Cu) / 20 + Ni / 40
- PCM C + (Mn + Cu + Cr) / 20 + Ni / 60 + Mo / 15 + V / 10 + 5 B
- Silicon plays a subordinate role in the calculation of the carbon equivalent. This is crucial in relation to the invention.
- the lowering of the carbon equivalent through lower contents of carbon and manganese is to be compensated by increasing the silicon content. Thus, with the same strengths, the edge crack resistance and the weldability are improved.
- a low yield ratio (Re / Rm) is typical for a dual-phase steel and is used primarily for formability in drawing and deep drawing operations. It gives that
- a higher yield ratio (Re / Rm), as is typical for complex phase steels, is also distinguished by resistance to edge cracks. This can be attributed to the smaller differences in the strengths of the individual structural components, which has a favorable effect on a homogeneous deformation in the area of the cutting edge.
- Minimum tensile strength of 580MPa is very diverse and shows very large
- Alloy areas in the strength-enhancing elements carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, aluminum and chromium and / or molybdenum, as well as in the addition of
- Microalloys such as titanium, niobium, vanadium and / or boron, as well as in the
- the range of dimensions is broad and lies in the thickness range of about 0.50 to 4.00 mm. There are mainly bands up to about 1850mm application, but also
- Sheets or sheets are made by cutting the strips.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a new alloy concept for a high-strength multi-phase steel with a minimum tensile strength of 580MPa to 700MPa longitudinal and transverse to the rolling direction, preferably with a dual-phase structure and a
- Yield ratio of less than 66% to create with which the process window for the continuous annealing of hot or cold strips can be extended so that in addition to bands with different cross sections and steel bands over band length and possibly bandwidth varying thickness, and thus varying accordingly Kaltabwalzgraden, with the most homogeneous mechanical and technological properties can be produced.
- the Feuerverzinkiana of steel is to be ensured and a method for producing a strip made from this steel can be specified.
- this object is achieved by a steel with the following contents in% by weight:
- the steel according to the invention is very well suited for hot-dip finishing and has a significantly enlarged process window in comparison to the known steels. This results in increased process reliability in the continuous annealing of cold and hot strip with dual or multi-phase structure. Therefore, for continuous annealed hot or cold strips, more homogeneous mechanical and technological properties in the strip can be set even with different cross sections and otherwise the same process parameters.
- processing in selected thickness ranges is possible (for example, less than 1 mm strip thickness, 1 to 2 mm strip thickness and 2 to 4 mm strip thickness).
- stress-optimized components can be produced by forming technology.
- the material produced can be used as a cold as well as a hot strip over a
- Hot dip galvanizing line or a pure continuous annealing system are produced in the dressed and undress faced, in the stretch bending and non-stretch bending and also in the heat-treated state (intermediate annealing).
- steel strips can be produced by an intercritical annealing between A d and Ac 3 or in an austenitizing annealing over Ac 3 with finally controlled cooling, which leads to a dual or multi-phase structure.
- Annealing temperatures of about 700 to 950 ° C have proved to be advantageous.
- the strip is cooled starting from the annealing temperature at a cooling rate of about 15 to 100 ° C./s to an intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C.
- a cooling rate of about 15 to 100 ° C./s to an intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C.
- the second variant of the temperature control in the hot dip finishing includes holding the temperature for about 1 to 20s at the intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C and then reheating to the temperature required for hot dipping refinement of about 420 to 470 ° C.
- the strip is cooled after refining to about 200 to 250 ° C.
- the cooling to room temperature is again with a
- Cooling rate of about 2 to 30 ° C / s.
- Material characteristic is also that the addition of manganese with increasing weight percent of the ferrite is shifted to longer times and lower temperatures during cooling. Depending on the process parameters, the proportions of ferrite are more or less reduced by increased amounts of bainite.
- Carbon equivalent can be reduced, thereby improving the weldability and to avoid excessive hardening during welding. In resistance spot welding, moreover, the electrode life can be significantly increased.
- the effect of the elements in the alloy according to the invention is described in more detail below.
- the multiphase steels are typically chemically designed to combine alloying elements with and without micro-alloying elements.
- Beqleitiata are elements that are already in the iron ore or
- Hydrogen (H) can be the only element that can diffuse through the iron lattice without creating lattice strains. This causes the hydrogen in the iron goods relative is mobile and can be relatively easily absorbed during the processing of the steel. Hydrogen can only be taken up in atomic (ionic) form in the iron lattice.
- Hydrogen has a strong embrittlement and preferably diffuses to energy-favorable sites (defects, grain boundaries, etc.). In this case, defects as hydrogen fl uids uno can considerably increase the residence time of the hydrogen in the material.
- a more uniform structure which in the steel according to the invention u.a. achieved by its widened process window reduces susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement.
- the hydrogen content in the steel should be as low as possible.
- Oxygen (O) In the molten state, the steel has a relatively high absorption capacity for gases, but at room temperature, oxygen is only soluble in very small quantities. Similar to hydrogen, oxygen can only diffuse into the material in atomic form. Due to the strong embrittling effect and the negative effects on the aging resistance, as much as possible is attempted during production to reduce the oxygen content.
- Nitrogen (N) is also a companion element of steelmaking. Steels with free nitrogen tend to have a strong aging effect. The nitrogen diffuses at low temperatures at dislocations and blocks them. It causes an increase in strength combined with a rapid loss of toughness. Nitrogen bonding in the form of nitrides is possible by alloying aluminum or titanium.
- the nitrogen content is limited to ⁇ 0.0100%, advantageously to ⁇ 0.0090% or optimally to 0.0080% or to unavoidable amounts in steelmaking.
- sulfur is bound as a trace element in iron ore. It is undesirable in steel (except free-cutting steels), as it tends to segregate severely and has a strong embrittlement. It is therefore attempted to achieve as low as possible amounts of sulfur in the melt (for example by a vacuum treatment). Furthermore, the existing sulfur is converted by adding manganese into the relatively harmless compound manganese sulfide (MnS).
- the manganese sulfides are often rolled in rows during the rolling process and act as nucleation sites for the transformation. This leads to a line-shaped structure, especially in the case of diffusion-controlled conversion, and can lead to impaired mechanical properties in the case of pronounced bristleness (for example pronounced martensite parts instead of distributed martensite islands, anisotropic material behavior, reduced elongation at break).
- the sulfur content is limited to ⁇ 0.0150%, advantageously to ⁇ 0.0050% or optimally to SO, 0030% or to quantities which are unavoidable in steelmaking.
- Phosphorus (P) is a trace element from iron ore and is found in iron lattice as
- phosphorus increases the transition temperature from tough to brittle behavior up to 300 ° C.
- near-surface phosphorus oxides at the grain boundaries can lead to breakage cracks.
- the phosphorus content is SO, 020% or at the
- Alloying elements are usually added to the steel in order to specifically influence certain properties.
- An alloying element in different steels can influence different properties. The effect generally depends strongly on the amount and the solution state in the material.
- Carbon (C) is considered the most important alloying element in steel. Through its targeted introduction of up to 2.06% iron is only steel. Often the carbon content is drastically lowered during steelmaking. In the case of dual-phase steels for continuous hot-dip refinement, its maximum proportion is 0.230%; a minimum value is not specified.
- the solubility is 0.02% maximum in ⁇ -iron and 2.06% maximum in ⁇ -iron.
- Carbon in solute significantly increases the hardenability of steel and is therefore essential for the formation of a sufficient amount of martensite.
- excessive carbon contents increase the hardness difference between ferrite and martensite and limit weldability.
- the steel according to the invention is underperitectic.
- Carbon also forms carbides.
- a representative occurring almost in every steel is the cementite (Fe 3 C).
- significantly harder special carbides may form with other metals such as chromium, titanium, niobium, vanadium.
- the minimum C content is set at 0.075% and the maximum C content at 0.105%.
- Silicon (Si) binds oxygen during casting, thus reducing segregations and impurities in the steel
- the segregation coefficient is significantly lower than, for example, with manganese (0.16 compared to 0.87).
- Hot rolling thereby provides a basis for improved cold rollability.
- the accelerated ferrite formation enriches the austenite with carbon and thus stabilizes it. Since silicon hinders carbide formation, the austenite is additionally stabilized. Thus, the accelerated cooling can suppress the formation of bainite in favor of martensite.
- silicon increases the strength and yield ratio of the ferrite with only a slightly decreasing elongation at break.
- silicon reduces the hardness difference between the structural constituents ferrite and martensite, since it increases the solubility for carbon in the ferrite.
- NOF non-oxidizing furnace
- RTF radiant tube furnace
- the alloying elements oxidize at the iron / iron oxide interface. in the subsequent RTF under an inert gas atmosphere (N 2 / H 2 ), the iron oxide layer is reduced.
- the furnace atmosphere may be reducing for iron but oxidizing for the alloying elements.
- the oxides of the alloying elements remain in the RTF at the former boundary layer iron / ice oxide, ie well below the steel strip surface (internal oxidation).
- the surface spreading of oxides is prevented and a uniform wettability of the strip surface is achieved.
- the dew point in the zone of the oven-> zinc pot (trunk) transition zone should be selected (preferably below -30 ° C) so that oxidation of the strip prior to immersion in the zinc bath is avoided. Dew points of -35 or -40 ° C have proven to be advantageous.
- the internal oxidation can be promoted by a slight increase in the oxygen content in the furnace atmosphere. This is done by regulating the dew point (preferably> -30 ° C advantageously -25 or -20 ° C). Due to the higher oxygen partial pressure, the oxygen can increasingly diffuse into the steel strip and oxidize the alloying elements. If, on the other hand, only little oxygen is present in the atmosphere, the less noble alloying elements diffuse to the
- Verzinkbarkeiresti be set, the minimum Si content to 0.600% and the maximum silicon content to 0.800%.
- Manganese (Mn) is added to almost all steels for desulfurization to convert the harmful sulfur into manganese sulphides. In addition, manganese increases by
- Solid solution solidifies the strength of the ferrite and shifts the oc-cy conversion to lower temperatures.
- manganese tends to form oxides on the steel surface during annealing.
- manganese oxides eg MnO
- / or Mn mixed oxides eg Mn 2 Si0 4
- manganese is less critical because globular oxides rather than oxide films are formed.
- high levels of manganese can negatively affect the appearance of the zinc layer and zinc adhesion.
- the manganese content is set at 1,000 to 2,250% for the reasons mentioned above.
- the manganese content is preferably ⁇ 1.50%, for strip thicknesses of 1 to 2 mm at ⁇ 1.75% and for strip thicknesses> 2 mm> 1.50%.
- chromium even in small amounts in dissolved form, can considerably increase the hardenability of steel.
- chromium causes particle hardening with appropriate temperature control in the form of chromium carbides. The associated increase in the Number of nuclei with simultaneously reduced content of carbon leads to a reduction of the hardenability.
- chromium In dual phase steels, the addition of chromium mainly improves the hardenability. Chromium, when dissolved, shifts perlite and bainite transformation to longer times, while decreasing the martensite start temperature.
- Chromium is also a carbide former. If chromium-iron mixed carbides are present, the austenitizing temperature must be set high enough before hardening to allow the austenitizing temperature
- Chromium also tends to form oxides on the steel surface z during the annealing treatment, which may degrade the galvanizing quality.
- the chromium content is therefore set to values of 0.280 to 0.480%.
- the total content of Mn + Si + Cr is likewise advantageously to be adhered to depending on the thickness of the sheet.
- a Summengehalt of> 1.88 to - 2.60%, for sheet thicknesses of 1 to 2mm a Summengehalt of -.2,20 to - £ 3.00% and for sheet thickness ä2mm one
- Molybdenum (Mo) The addition of molybdenum leads, similar to chromium, to improve hardenability. The perlite and bainite transformation is pushed to longer times and the martensite start temperature is lowered.
- molybdenum considerably increases the tempering resistance, so that no loss of strength is to be expected in the zinc bath and, as a result of solid solution hardening, increases the strength of the ferrite.
- molybdenum in the strength range of at least 580 MPa is dispensed with.
- the content of molybdenum is limited to the unavoidable, steel-accompanying amounts.
- Copper (Cu): The addition of copper can increase the tensile strength and hardenability. In combination with nickel, chromium and phosphorus, copper can form a protective oxide layer on the surface, which can significantly reduce the corrosion rate.
- copper When combined with oxygen, copper can form harmful oxides at the grain boundaries, which can be detrimental to hot working processes in particular.
- the content of copper is therefore limited to quantities that are unavoidable in steel production.
- alloying elements such as e.g. Nickel (Ni) or tin (Sn) are limited in their contents to unavoidable amounts in steelmaking.
- Aluminum (AI) is usually added to the steel to bind the dissolved oxygen in the iron and nitrogen.
- the oxygen and nitrogen is thus converted into aluminum oxides and aluminum nitrides. These excretions may be due to an increase in
- Seed points cause a grain refining and so the toughness properties as well
- Titanium nitrides have a lower enthalpy of formation and become higher
- aluminum such as silicon shifts ferrite formation to shorter times, allowing the formation of sufficient ferrite in dual phase steel. It also suppresses carbide formation, leading to a delayed transformation of austenite. For this reason, aluminum is also used as an alloying element in retained austenitic steels to substitute part of the silicon with aluminum. The reason for this approach is that aluminum is a little less critical for the
- Niobium (Nb) For cost reasons, the addition of niobium is omitted and the content is limited to the unavoidable steel-accompanying amounts.
- Titanium (Ti) As the addition of titanium is not necessary with the present alloy concept, the content of titanium is limited to unavoidable steel-accompanying amounts.
- Vanadium (V) Since addition of vanadium is not necessary in the present alloy concept, the content of vanadium is limited to unavoidable steel-accompanying amounts.
- the annealing temperatures for the dual-phase structure to be achieved are for the
- the hot-dip coated material can be used both as a hot strip and as a cold rolled hot strip or cold strip in the dressed (cold rolled) or undressed state and / or stretch bend-oriented or not stretch-bent state are made.
- Steel strips present in the form of hot strip, cold rolled strip or cold strip of the alloy composition according to the invention are also distinguished by the
- the hot strip according to the invention with final rolling temperatures in the austenitic region above A r3 and reel temperatures above the
- the hot strip is produced according to the invention with final rolling temperatures in the austenitic region above A r3 and coiling temperatures below the bainite start temperature.
- the steel according to the invention has, after the heat treatment, a microstructure consisting of ferrite, martensite, bainite and retained austenite.
- This steel shows the following characteristic values (specifications in brackets, cross-sections according to EN 10346 and longitudinal values according to VDA239-100):
- the yield ratio Rp0.2 / Rm is 64% in the transverse direction with respect to the rolling direction and 65% in the longitudinal direction.
- the steel according to the invention has, after the heat treatment, a microstructure consisting of ferrite, martensite, bainite and retained austenite.
- the yield ratio Re / Rm is 58% both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction (relative to the rolling direction).
- the steel according to the invention has, after the heat treatment, a microstructure consisting of ferrite, martensite, bainite and retained austenite.
- the yield ratio Re / Rm is 58.4% both in the transverse direction and in the longitudinal direction (with respect to the rolling direction).
- the steel according to the invention from Example 2 (coiling temperature 676 ° C.) and from Example 3 (coiling temperature 485 ° C.) was further processed after pickling under conditions close to the operating conditions.
- the cold rolling was carried out in a trial cold rolling mill.
- the cold rolling levels tested were 0% and 10%.
- the hot-dip galvanizing cycle according to FIG. 7c was adjusted with an annealing simulator. Depending on the strip thickness different heating and cooling rates were shown whereby the set temperatures were selected independently of the sample thickness.
- the steel was heated to 860 ° C, then slowly cooled to 720 ° C, before the rapid cooling was initiated at 350 ° C.
- Figure 1 process chain (schematically) for the production of a tape from the
- FIG. 3 shows an example of analytical differences of the steel according to the invention
- FIG. 7a, b, c temperature-time curve (annealing variants schematically)
- Figure 8 mechanical properties (longitudinal samples) of the annealed in the laboratory or
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the process chain for the production of the steel according to the invention. Shown are the different process routes relating to the invention. Up to position 5 (pickle) the process route is the same for all steels according to the invention, after which deviating process routes take place depending on the desired results.
- the pickled hot strip can be galvanized or cold rolled and galvanized with different degrees of rolling. Or it can soft annealed hot strip b? .W.
- FIG. 2 shows results of a hole expansion test (relative values for
- the materials have a sheet thickness of 1 or 2mm.
- the results apply to the test according to ISO 16630. It can be seen that the steels according to the invention are better
- Process 2 here corresponds to annealing, for example, on a hot-dip galvanizing with a combined direct-fired furnace and radiant tube furnace, as described in FIG. 7b.
- the different temperature guides according to the invention within the specified span result in different characteristic values or different hole widening results, which are markedly improved in comparison with the comparative qualities.
- the basic difference is thus the temperature-time parameters during the heat treatment and the subsequent cooling.
- FIG. 3 shows the relevant alloying elements of the steel according to the invention, by way of example with respect to comparative quality.
- the main difference is in the carbon content, which is in the super-architectural range, but also in the elements silicon and chromium.
- the standard grade phosphorus is micro-alloyed.
- the steel according to the invention is clearly silicon-alloyed.
- FIG. 4 shows the mechanical characteristic values transverse to the rolling direction of the steel according to the invention for comparative quality. All characteristic values obtained by annealing in the two-phase area correspond to the normative specification of an HCT600X or HDT580X.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the time-temperature profile of the process steps of hot rolling and continuous annealing of strips of the alloy composition according to the invention. Shown is the time- and temperature-dependent conversion for the hot rolling process as well as for a heat treatment after cold rolling.
- FIG. 6 shows the positive result of the ball impact test carried out (according to SEP1931) on a hot-dip galvanized material of the steel according to the invention.
- FIGS. 7 schematically show three variants of the temperature-time profiles according to the invention in the annealing treatment and cooling and in each case different
- Process 1 shows the annealing and cooling of the produced cold- or hot-rolled steel strip in a continuous annealing plant.
- the tape is heated to a temperature in the range of about 700 to 950 ° C.
- the annealed steel strip is then cooled from the annealing temperature at a cooling rate of between about 15 and 100 ° C / s to an intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C.
- a cooling rate of between about 15 and 100 ° C / s to an intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C.
- the process 2 ( Figure 7b) shows the process according to method 1, but the cooling of the steel strip for the purpose of a hot dip finishing is briefly interrupted when passing through the hot dipping vessel, then the cooling with a
- Cooling rate between about 15 and 100 ° C / s continue to an intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C. Subsequently, the steel strip with a
- Cooling rate between about 2 and 30 ° C / s cooled to room temperature in air.
- Process 3 also shows the process according to process 1 in a hot dipping refinement, but the cooling of the steel strip is effected by a short pause (about 1 to 20 s) at an intermediate temperature in the range of about 200 to 400 ° C
- the steel strip is again cooled to an intermediate temperature of about 200 to 250 ° C. With a cooling rate of approx. 2 and 30 ° C / s, the final cooling of the steel strip takes place until the room temperature in air is reached.
- FIG. 8 shows the mechanical characteristics of a steel according to the invention (example 4), which was annealed or cold-rolled and annealed according to method 3 (FIG. 7c).
- the values are mean values from two longitudinal samples which were determined in the tensile test.
- the low values for the yield strength are due to the fact that the samples are undressed.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DE102012013113A DE102012013113A1 (de) | 2012-06-22 | 2012-06-22 | Hochfester Mehrphasenstahl und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes aus diesem Stahl mit einer Mindestzugfestigkleit von 580MPa |
PCT/DE2013/000299 WO2013189474A1 (de) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-05-24 | Hochfester mehrphasenstahl und verfahren zur herstellung eines bandes aus diesem stahl mit einer mindestzugfestigkeit von 580mpa |
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EP2864517A1 true EP2864517A1 (de) | 2015-04-29 |
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US (1) | US20150337408A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2864517B1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR102079611B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012013113A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2627068C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013189474A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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CN110616303A (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种980MPa级以上冷轧或镀锌双相钢板的制造方法 |
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CN109136739B (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-08-04 | 唐山钢铁集团有限责任公司 | 双相钢冷轧高强汽车板可涂装性能表面质量的控制方法 |
WO2020058330A1 (de) * | 2018-09-19 | 2020-03-26 | Sms Group Gmbh | Hochfester mehrphasenstahl, stahlband aus diesem stahl sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines stahlbandes |
KR102648242B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2024-03-18 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기 저항 점용접성이 우수한 고강도 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
DE102019108457B4 (de) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-02-04 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlbandes mit verbesserter Haftung metallischer Schmelztauchüberzüge |
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DE102020110319A1 (de) | 2020-04-15 | 2021-10-21 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stahlbandes mit einem Mehrphasengefüge und Stahlband hinzu |
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DE102012002079B4 (de) * | 2012-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kalt- oder warmgewalzten Stahlbandes aus einem höchstfesten Mehrphasenstahl |
-
2012
- 2012-06-22 DE DE102012013113A patent/DE102012013113A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-05-24 US US14/409,918 patent/US20150337408A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-24 KR KR1020147037113A patent/KR102079611B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-24 RU RU2015101783A patent/RU2627068C2/ru active
- 2013-05-24 EP EP13732078.4A patent/EP2864517B1/de active Active
- 2013-05-24 WO PCT/DE2013/000299 patent/WO2013189474A1/de active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110616303A (zh) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-27 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种980MPa级以上冷轧或镀锌双相钢板的制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
RU2015101783A (ru) | 2016-08-20 |
KR102079611B1 (ko) | 2020-04-07 |
WO2013189474A1 (de) | 2013-12-27 |
KR20150023567A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
RU2627068C2 (ru) | 2017-08-03 |
US20150337408A1 (en) | 2015-11-26 |
DE102012013113A1 (de) | 2013-12-24 |
EP2864517B1 (de) | 2020-01-22 |
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