EP2851485A1 - Façade - Google Patents

Abstract

A facade (1) has at least one support frame (2) fastened to a wall (3), to which facade panels (4) are fastened. To achieve easy manufacturability and easy assembly of the facade panels, the at least one support frame (2) holding webs (6), which are aligned at an angle to the at least one support frame (2). These holding webs are directed away from the at least one wall (3). On the other hand, the facade panels (4) have at least one groove (11) on their rear side (12) facing the at least one wall (3). The holding webs (6) of the at least one support frame (2) can penetrate into the at least one groove (11) in order to lock the facade panels (4).

Description

It is known to create facades of individual panels, for example of stone, which are attached to a support frame attached to a wall. To connect the facade panels with the support frame end-face grooves are formed in the facade panels, engage in the fastening claws. These fastening claws must each be individually connected to the support frame, which can be done for example by tightening or clamping. It is important that the connection of the facade panel with the support frame is absolutely safe, so that the facade panel remains firmly connected to the wall even with appropriate weather conditions such as storm or the like. This is complicated and time consuming and therefore very expensive. In addition, the molding of the groove on the facade panel in the front edge area is particularly risky, especially in brittle stone and can lead to fractures. Despite these disadvantages, such facades have proven in practice many times to produce the visual impression of a stone wall. This known facade forms the starting point of the present invention.

The invention has for its object to provide a facade of the type mentioned above, which is characterized by an easy manufacturability of the facade elements required for this purpose and easy mountability of the same.

This problem is solved with the following features.

The façade according to the invention has at least one support frame attached to a wall. The type of attachment to the wall does not matter. In particular, thought of screws or gluing. For the at least one support framework is a wide range of materials available, which is especially intended for metals such as aluminum or aluminum alloys, which are optionally anodized. Also suitable is stainless steel. Preferably, the at least one support framework is produced by the continuous casting process, which is particularly cost-effective. In addition, however, all other conceivable manufacturing methods are possible.

The at least one support frame has holding webs, which are aligned at an angle to the at least one support frame. The orientation of the holding webs is such that they are directed away from the wall upwards.

On at least one support frame facade panels are fixed, which have at least one wall at least one wall on its rear side at least one groove. At least one of the retaining webs of the at least one support frame can penetrate into this groove and be detected and locked in this way the facade panels. Due to the selected orientation of the holding webs of the at least one support frame, the facade panels are pressed by their gravity in the direction of the holding webs and thus down to at least one wall. Thus, the facade panels are through their own weight held sufficiently secure on the support frame, so that in principle further holding means are unnecessary.

The installation of the facade panels is surprisingly easy because the facade panels are simply inserted with their grooves on the support webs of at least one support frame. The correct alignment and centering of the facade panels is done automatically by their own weight. Thus, only the at least one support framework must be carefully mounted, the attachment of the facade panels themselves, however, can be done by less qualified personnel. In addition, the facade can be replaced very easily and inexpensively by replacing only the facade panels with other facade panels. This requires no qualified work and can therefore be carried out without any specialist personnel.

For the façade panels themselves, a wide range of materials is available. In particular, thought of natural stone, artificial stone, metal, plastic, glass, mirror glass or photovoltaic cells. However, this list is not exhaustive. Different materials can also be combined to achieve special optical effects. The facade panels can also have different lengths, heights and widths, which are combined to the desired facade.

In order to connect the uppermost facade panel absolutely securely with the at least one support frame, it is additionally locked by at least one retaining means. This at least one holding means is intended to prevent a vertical movement of the facade panel up to the extent that it is released from the composite with the at least one retaining web. Thus, it is sufficient if the holding means is provided above the facade panel.

To achieve a simple mountability of the at least one holding means this is held inserted in at least one support frame. Thus, the at least one holding means does not have to be fastened directly in the wall, which depending on the wall material can also be quite expensive.

To achieve an effective and precise guidance of the facade panels on the retaining webs, the at least one groove of the facade panels is aligned at an acute angle to the vertical. This results in a tightly tolerated guide for the facade panels. Preferably, the angle of this groove is approximately equal to the angle of the retaining webs of at least one support frame. In this way, an even more precise guidance of the facade panels.

Often it is desired that the facade panels are undetachably connected under all circumstances with the at least one support frame. To ensure this absolutely, has at least one of the facade panels at least one point above the at least one ridge, which has a greater distance from an upper end of the at least one web as a joint spacing between the facade panels. It should be noted that all distances are measured only in vertical projection. In vertical projection, therefore, the at least one facade panel has a freedom of movement, which corresponds to the joint spacing. Another shift this facade panel beyond the joint spacing addition is not possible, since it then abuts the overlying facade panel. By the above-defined geometric condition, however, it is ensured that the holding web of at least one support frame - viewed in vertical projection - penetrates deeper into the groove of the facade panel as the facade panel has vertical freedom of movement. Thus, the facade panel can not be solved by at least one retaining web. Additional, more fasteners are therefore dispensable, which reduces the assembly and disassembly effort accordingly. As gap distance also zero can be selected, which corresponds to a seamless facade.

To further improve the handling of the facade, it is advantageous if the at least one holding means is held in the at least one support frame einklipbar. The at least one support frame preferably has at least one undercut, which is designed to fit the at least one holding means. This keeps the at least one holding means of itself in at least one support frame and thus can not be lost during assembly of the facade.

In particular in areas endangered by earthquakes, it may happen that the at least one retaining means must support relatively high negative supporting loads. In such cases, it is advantageous if the at least one retaining means has at least three legs. At least two of these legs are supported on the support frame, while at least one of the legs engages over the at least one facade panel on the upper side. It is preferably provided that at least one of the legs is preferably oriented approximately horizontally and another of the legs is preferably approximately vertically. Thus, the legs of the at least one holding means together with the at least one support frame form a very stable configuration, which is also able to support high negative support loads.

In order to remove the facade panels despite their locking by the at least one holding means, the at least one holding means is held relative to the at least one support frame displaced. In this case, the at least one holding means can be brought into a position in which it no longer locks the at least one facade panel. In this position, the at least one facade panel can be easily lifted and removed become. In this way, the entire assembled facade can be removed again, for example, to replace defective facade panels or to replace the facade panels completely, without having to dispose of the previously installed facade panels.

At least one screw, at least one nail and / or at least one strip has proven itself for the at least one holding means. Screws and nails are particularly easy to assemble. A bar has the advantage that it can easily lock a number of facade panels in a simple manner.

In order to achieve a defined position of the facade panels on at least one support frame, it is advantageous if at least one spacer is provided on at least one support frame. At this spacer are the backs of the facade panels, so that they are aligned despite any existing wall unevenness exactly aligned with each other or with the desired offset.

In order to avoid the formation of backwater, it is also advantageous if the at least one holding web and / or the at least one spacer has at least one drainage breakthrough. This at least one drainage breakthrough can break through the entire jetty. Alternatively, the at least one retaining web can also be broken through locally. Preferably, the at least one drainage breakthrough in the lower region of the at least one holding web is provided to allow the entire backwater to drain easily. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one drainage breakthrough can also be provided on at least one support frame in order to guide water behind the at least one support frame. In this case, the at least one drainage breakthrough preferably provided immediately above the at least one holding web and / or spacer.

In order to have a broader design freedom for the visual impression of the façade, it is often desirable to be able to combine façade panels with different heights. In order nevertheless to be able to use a uniform support frame, the heights of the individual facade panels plus the respective joint spacing are essentially defined as integral multiples of a grid height in this case. It does not matter if the integer multiples actually start with one. It is also conceivable, for example, to offer the two, three and four times a grid height as possible heights of the facade panels. The at least one support frame then has equidistant holding webs, wherein the above-mentioned grid height is selected as the center-to-center distance of the holding webs. In this way it is ensured that the different height facade panels always fit to the corresponding retaining webs of at least one support frame.

In order to safely support even higher facade panels, it is advantageous if the facade panels have multiple grooves. In this way, the support and holding force is improved accordingly. In particular, in the combination of facade panels with different height results in this case, the advantage that no manipulations are required on at least one support frame to mount these facade panels can.

To achieve the simplest possible structure and thus cost-effective production of at least one support frame, it is advantageous to form at least one of the support webs in one piece to the at least one support frame. Thus, the at least one support frame with this at least one holding web in a single step economically be made. In addition, results in this way a stable formation of at least one retaining web, which can also carry heavy facade panels. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the retaining webs may also be held in at least one retaining groove of the at least one supporting framework. Thus, the at least one retaining web must indeed be made separately from the at least one support frame and mounted on this, but one has in this way an improved choice with respect to the assembly with retaining webs. Thus, in the case of façade panels with greater overall height, correspondingly fewer retaining webs can be mounted, so that it is basically sufficient to form the facade panels, each with a groove. Only with very large facade panels, the weight of which could no longer be securely supported by a single retaining bar, then correspondingly several holding webs for supporting the same are provided. As a rule, it is sufficient to insert the at least one retaining bar into the at least one retaining groove. In special cases, however, additional retaining means may be provided for fastening the at least one retaining web in the at least one retaining groove. Preferably, an adhesive bond is used as holding means.

To improve the fixation of the facade panels on at least one support frame, it is advantageous to provide at least one clamping element on at least one retaining web. This at least one clamping element connects at least one of the facade panels with the at least one retaining web non-positively and / or positively. Thus, the at least one facade panel any freedom of movement is taken, so that there is a particularly stable construction of the facade. As a clamping element, in particular a plastic cap has proven itself, which can be plugged onto the at least one holding web. This plastic cap is deformed upon penetration into the at least one groove of the at least one facade panel and forms in this way a frictional connection to this. In the event that the at least one holding web and the at least one groove Undercut, a positive connection can be realized in this way. Alternatively or additionally, serve as a clamping element a hardenable liquid, which is intended in particular to adhesives. This hardenable liquid forms an intimate connection with the surface of the at least one retaining web on the one hand and the at least one facing panel on the other hand. Preferably, the adhesive force of this hardenable liquid is chosen such that the connection with the at least one facade panel is releasable by applying a certain minimum force. In this way, the at least one facade panel can be dismantled at a later date again.

It is often desirable for the individual facade panels to project at different distances from the at least one wall. This is most simply realized by at least one cap is attached to at least one holding web. This at least one cap forms a spacer, so that the at least one facade panel is correspondingly further spaced from the at least one wall. In this way, a non-planar and thus more natural facade surface is achieved, which gives the impression of hand-beaten stones with varying stone thickness. Nevertheless, machined facade panels can be used, all of which are identical and therefore easy to manufacture and store.

In order to keep the facade panels securely in position, it is advantageous if at least one support frame at least one spring is supported. This at least one spring presses the upper side against the at least one facade panel and in this way forms a resilient bias which presses the at least one facade panel against the at least one retaining web. In particular, this increases the safety of the facade panels against earthquakes or wanton destruction.

The object of the invention is explained by way of example with reference to the drawing, without limiting the scope of protection.

Figur 1

eine räumliche Darstellung einer Fassade,

Figur 2

eine Schnittdarstellung durch die Fassade gemäß Figur 1,

Figur 3

eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine alternative Ausführungsform der Fassade und

Figur 4

eine Schnittdarstellung durch eine weitere alternative Ausführungsform der Fassade.

It shows:

FIG. 1

a spatial representation of a facade,

FIG. 2

a sectional view through the facade according to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3

a sectional view through an alternative embodiment of the facade and

FIG. 4

a sectional view through a further alternative embodiment of the facade.

A facade 1 according to FIG. 1 has a support frame 2 which is fixed to a wall 3. On this support frame 2 facade panels 4 are supported.

For fixing the support frame 2 on the wall 3 holding means 5 are provided. These are merely exemplified as screws. In principle, any other holding means 5 are conceivable.

The support frame 2 also has retaining webs 6, which serve to support the facade panels 4. These holding webs 6 are aligned at an acute angle 7 to the vertical 19. In this case, free ends 8 of the holding webs 6 upwards and away from the wall 3.

In addition, the support frame 2 spacers 9, which form defined contact points for the facade panels 4. In the retaining webs 6 and the spacers 9 are a series of drainage apertures 10th provided that completely enforce the respective retaining web 6. Through this drainage apertures 10 can penetrate water to flow down. Alternatively, it is also thought to form the drainage breakthrough 10 as a hole.

The facade panels 4 may also be formed substantially wider than shown, they have grooves 11 which are aligned with the holding webs 6. The grooves 11 are aligned at an acute angle to the vertical facade panel 4 and extend in particular parallel to the retaining webs. 6

The facade panels 4 are formed so that they can be pushed with their grooves 11 on the support webs 6. Once the retaining webs 6 are in engagement with the grooves 11, the facade panels 4 can only move in the direction of the retaining webs 6 until they rest with their back 12 to the spacers 9. In this situation, the facade panels 4 are held by their own weight in position. In this case, a gap 13 may be formed between the facade panels 4. This is not a requirement. In particular, it is also intended to arrange the facade panels 4 without joints on top of each other.

The individual facade panels 4 are arranged such that each of the facade panels 4 blocks the underlying facade panel 4. This is realized in that the optionally existing joint 13 is sufficiently small, so that the facade panel 4 no longer has the necessary freedom of movement to be moved along the retaining webs 6 so far until the retaining webs 6 are out of engagement with the grooves 11. Thus, the facade panels 4 are set sufficiently secure on the support frame 2, so that additional holding means are unnecessary.

In order to secure the top row of facade panels 4 sufficiently, an additional holding means 14 is provided. This may for example be formed by screws 15 which are fixed to the wall 3. For this purpose, the screw 15 is surrounded by a sleeve 16, which allows a secure support of the screw 15 on the wall 3. Alternatively, the holding means 14 may also be formed by a nail 17, if the hardness of the wall 3 allows this. Finally, it is also thought to provide a bar 18 as a holding means 14, are arrested by the same number of facade panels 4. In any case, the holding means 14 prevents vertical movement of the uppermost facade panel 4 to the extent that it does not disengage from the retaining bar 6.

The individual facade panels 4 are according to the embodiment FIG. 1 designed differently high. In this case, a center-to-center distance 20 of the holding webs 6 defines a grid height which is constant over the entire support frame 2. The facade panels 4 are dimensioned such that their heights 21 plus a joint spacing 22 are each integer multiples of this grid height. In the illustrated embodiment, this measure corresponds to the topmost facade panel 4 twice, for the middle of the simple and for the lower facade panel 4 three times the grid height. Alternatively, four times, five times and so on the grid height can be used. Each of the facade panels 4 has a number of grooves 11, which corresponds to this multiple of the grid height.

• Der Haltesteg 6 besitzt ein oberes Ende 32. Außerdem besitzt die Fassadenplatte 4 mindestens einen Punkt 33, der sich oberhalb des Haltesteges 6 befindet. Dieser Punkt 33 liegt dabei - in vertikaler Projektion betrachtet - um einen Abstand 34 tiefer als das obere Ende 32 des Haltesteges 6. Dieser Abstand 34 ist dabei größer als der Fugenabstand 22. Durch diese geometrische Bedingung wird erreicht, dass die Fassadenplatte 4 durch Anheben an die darüber liegende Fassadenplatte 4 anstößt, bevor die Nut 11 außer Eingriff mit dem Haltesteg 6 gerät. Damit ist ein Entfernen der Fassadenplatte 4 nur möglich, wenn zuvor die darüber liegende Fassadenplatte 4 entfernt wurde. Es reicht daher völlig aus, nur die oberste Fassadenplatte 4 gegenüber einer Verschiebung nach oben zu sichern. Die darunter liegenden Fassadenplatten 4 sichern sich dann gegenseitig.

The further description is based on the vertical sectional view according to FIG. 2 , It can be seen from this illustration, in particular, how the facade panel 4 rests on the one hand on an upper side 30 of the retaining web 6 and on the other hand on the spacers 9. The facade panel 4 can be moved only in the direction 31, ie parallel to the retaining webs 6. Around To keep the facade panel 4 securely in this position without further holding means, attention was paid to the following geometric condition:

• The retaining web 6 has an upper end 32. In addition, the facade panel 4 has at least one point 33, which is located above the retaining web 6. This point 33 is - viewed in vertical projection - by a distance 34 deeper than the upper end 32 of the retaining bar 6. This distance 34 is greater than the joint spacing 22. By this geometric condition is achieved that the facade panel 4 by lifting the overlying facade panel 4 abuts before the groove 11 is disengaged from the support web 6. This removal of the facade panel 4 is only possible if previously the overlying facade panel 4 has been removed. It is therefore completely sufficient to secure only the top facade panel 4 against a shift upwards. The underlying facade panels 4 then secure each other.

The FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment of the facade 1 according to FIG. 2 , wherein like reference numerals designate like parts. In the following, only for differences from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 received.

The support web 6 is not connected in one piece with the support frame 2 in this embodiment. The support frame 2 has rather retaining grooves 40., In the correspondingly shaped retaining webs 6 are pressed. The connection between the retaining webs 6 and the support frame 2 can be done by gluing or pressing.

At the holding web 6, a clamping element 41 is also provided, which is deformed upon penetration into the groove 11 of the facade panel 4. In this way, a non-positive or positive connection of the facade panel 4 results with the holding web. 6

In addition, springs 43 are supported in this embodiment on the support frame 2, the upper side press against the underlying facade panel 4. These springs 43 provide with their elastic bias for a non-positive locking of the facade panels 4 and simultaneously prevent an unwanted Nachobenschieben the same. This reliably prevents the façade panels 4 from detaching from the support frame 2 at random.

The FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment of the facade 1. In the following, only the differences from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 received.

In this embodiment, the holding means 14 is set directly in the support frame 2. The holding means 14 is T-shaped and has three legs 51, 52, 53. The two legs 51, 52 are defined in the support frame 2, while the leg 53, the facade panel 4 overlaps the upper side. For this purpose, 2 brackets 54 are provided with undercut grooves 55 in the support frame. The webs 51, 52 of the holding means 14 are formed corresponding to the undercut grooves 55 and can be locked in this way in the brackets 54. The holding means 14 but are longitudinally displaceable to the brackets 54, so that the holding means 14 is displaceable in a position in which it no longer overlaps the facade panel 4 on the upper side. In this position, the facade panel 4 is free on the upper side and can be easily lifted off the support frame 2.

Instead of the clamping element 41, a cap 42 is also provided in this embodiment. This cap 42 is designed such that it extends to the end of the groove 11, so that the cap 42 determines the position of the facade panel 4. By varying the cap height, the distance of the facade panel 4 from the wall 3 can be very easily achieved in this way be varied to create the impression of an irregular facade 1, yet all facade panels 4 are the same.

It is also contemplated to combine the illustrated embodiments in any manner. For example, the clamping element 41 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 be used. It is also envisaged to provide on a support frame 2 both firmly molded as well as retaining grooves 40 inserted holding webs 6. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES </ b> 1 facade 43 feather 2 shoring 51 leg 3 wall 52 leg 4 facade panel 53 leg 5 holding means 54 bracket 6 holding web 55 undercut groove 7 acute angle 8th free end 9 spacer 10 Drainage breakthrough 11 groove 12 back 13 Gap 14 holding means 15 screw 16 shell 17 nail 18 strip 19 vertical 20 Center-to-center distance 21 height 22 joint spacing 30 top 31 direction 32 top end 33 Point 34 distance 40 retaining groove 41 clamping element 42 cap

Claims (15)

Facade comprising at least one support frame (2) fastened to at least one wall (3) and facade panels (4) attached thereto, the at least one support frame (2) having retaining webs (6) aligned at an acute angle to the at least one support frame (2) and are upwardly directed away from the at least one wall (3), and the facade panels (4) have at least one groove (11) on their rear side (12) facing at least one wall (3) into which at least one of the retaining webs (11) 6) can penetrate to lock the facade panels (4), and that at least one of the facade panels (4) on the upper side by at least one holding means (14) is locked, characterized in that the at least one holding means (14) in at least one supporting framework ( 2) is kept plugged. Facade according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one groove (11) is aligned at an acute angle to the vertical (19). Facade according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the facade panels (4) has at least one point (33) above the at least one retaining web (6), which - viewed in vertical projection - by a distance (34) deeper than one upper end (32) of the retaining web (6), which is greater than a joint spacing (22) between the facade panel (4) and at least one further, above this arranged facade panel (4). Facade panel according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the at least one holding means (14) in the at least one support frame (2) is held einklipbar. Facade panel according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the at least one holding means (14) at least three legs (51, 52, 53), of which at least two (51, 52) supported on at least one support frame (2) are and at least one of the legs (53) overlaps the at least one facade panel (4) on the upper side. Facade panel according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one holding means (14) is held displaceable relative to at least one support frame (2), so that it can be brought into a non-arresting the at least one facade panel (4) position , Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one holding means (14) of at least one screw (15), at least one nail (17), and / or at least one strip (18) is formed. Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one support frame (2) has spacers (9) against which rest the back sides (12) of the facade panels (4). Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one support frame (2) in the region of the at least one retaining web (6) and / or the at least one spacer (9) and / or the at least one retaining web (6) and / or the at least one spacer (9) has at least one drainage opening (10). Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the facade panels (4) have different heights (21), wherein the heights (21) plus a joint spacing (22) are substantially integer multiples of a grid height, and the holding webs (6) are distributed equidistant with the grid height as the center-to-center distance (20). Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the facade panels (4) has a plurality of the grooves (11). Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the retaining webs (6) integrally formed on the at least one support frame (2) and / or in at least one retaining groove (40) of the at least one support frame (2) is held , Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that at least one retaining web (6) at least one clamping element (41) is provided which at least one of the facade panels (4) non-positively and / or positively with the at least one retaining web ( 6) connects. Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that at least one retaining bar (6) at least one cap (42) is mounted to vary a distance of the at least one facade panel (4) from the at least one wall (3) , Facade according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that at least one support frame (2) at least one spring (43) is supported, the upper side against the at least one facade panel (4) presses.

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