EP2844820B1 - Installation comprising seabed-to-surface connections of the multi-riser hybrid tower type, including positive-buoyancy flexible pipes - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an installation of multiple bottom-surface connections between submarine pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and a floating support surface, comprising a hybrid tower constituted by a plurality of flexible pipes connected to a plurality of rigid pipes. risers, or risers vertical, the lower end of the hybrid tower is secured to an anchoring device comprising a base disposed at the bottom of the sea.

The technical field of the invention is more particularly the field of the manufacture and installation of production risers for the underwater extraction of oil, gas or other soluble or fusible material or a suspension of mineral material from wellhead immersed to a floating support, for the development of production fields installed offshore at sea. The main and immediate application of the invention being in the field of oil production.

The floating support generally comprises anchoring means to remain in position despite the effects of currents, winds and waves. It also generally comprises oil storage and processing means as well as means of unloading to removal tankers, the latter being present at regular intervals to carry out the removal of the production. The common name of these floating supports is the Anglo-Saxon term "Floating Production Storage Offloading" (meaning "floating medium of storage, production and unloading") which one uses the abbreviated term "FPSO" in the whole of the following description.

• soit du type à cap fixe, c'est-à-dire qu'ils possèdent une pluralité d'ancres, en général situées à chacun des angles dudit support flottant maintenant ce dernier dans un cap fixe et n'autorisant alors que le roulis le tangage et limitant les embardées et le lacet ;
• soit du type à touret, c'est-à-dire que toutes les ancres convergent vers une structure cylindrique solidaire du navire, mais libre en rotation selon l'axe vertical ZZ, le support flottant étant alors libre de tourner autour dudit touret et se positionner dans la direction de moindre effort de la résultante des effets du vent, du courant et de la houle sur le support flottant et ses superstructures.

The floating supports are:

• either of the fixed heading type, that is to say that they have a plurality of anchors, generally located at each of the angles of said floating support now the latter in a fixed heading and then allowing only roll pitching and limiting yaw and yaw;
• either of the reel type, that is to say that all anchors converge to a cylindrical structure integral with the ship, but free to rotate along the vertical axis ZZ, the floating support then being free to turn around said reel and position in the direction of least effort of the resultant effects of wind, current and swell on the floating support and its superstructures.

The floating support is either anchored at its four corners and it then keeps a substantially constant course throughout the lifetime of the facilities, or it is anchored in a single point, called reel, usually located towards the front of the ship, usually in the front third, or outside the ship a few meters from the bow of the ship. The FPSO then turns around its reel and naturally positions itself in the direction of least resistance compared to the forces created by the swell, the wind and the current. The bottom-surface connections are connected to the inner portion of the drum substantially fixed relative to the ground and rotary joints, known to those skilled in the art, transfer to the FPSO fluids, electrical power or electrical signals between said bottom-surface bonds and said FPSO. Thus, in the case of an FPSO on a drum, it can rotate 360 ° around the axis of its drum which remains substantially fixed with respect to the ground.

When the conditions are severe or even extreme as in the North Sea, an advantageous floating support is of the reel type in which all the bottom-surface links must converge towards a reel before joining the FPSO proper, via a rotary joint fitting located at the axis of said reel. In general, the bottom-surface connection pipes are made by flexible pipes directly connecting the pipes resting on the bottom of the sea to the drum, said flexible pipes being generally organized radially or star uniformly distributed all around the axis of said reel. This type of bottom-surface connection is more particularly intended for the depths of 200 to 750 m.

The present invention relates more particularly to a bottom-to-surface connection facility between a plurality of underwater pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and a surface floating support, comprising a hybrid tower consisting of a plurality of flexible pipes connected to pipes. rigid risers, or vertical risers, the upper end of said flexible pipes being secured to a drum freely pivoting to the front of the ship or within the ship, usually in the forward third of said vessel.

There is a wide variety of bottom-to-surface bonds for connecting underwater wellheads to an FPSO floating support, and in some field developments, several wellheads are connected in parallel to a single bottom-to-surface bond. in order to limit the number of pipes connected to the FPSO drum, which simplifies the design of the drum, the latter being then mainly designed to resume the anchoring efforts of the FPSO subjected to the effects of waves, wind and currents.

• un riser vertical dont l'extrémité inférieure est ancrée au fond de la mer par le biais d'une articulation flexible, et relié à une dite conduite reposant au fond de la mer, et l'extrémité supérieure est tendue par un flotteur immergé en subsurface auquel elle est reliée, et
• une conduite de liaison flexible, entre l'extrémité supérieure dudit riser et un support flottant en surface, ladite conduite de liaison flexible prenant, le cas échéant, de par son propre poids la forme d'une courbe en chaînette plongeante, c'est-à-dire descendant largement en dessous du flotteur pour remonter ensuite jusqu'audit support flottant, laquelle chaînette plongeante autorise des déplacements importants du support flottant absorbés par les déformations de la conduite flexible, notamment la montée ou la descente dudit point bas d'inflexion de la chaînette plongeante.

Many configurations have been developed and the patent is known WO 2009/122098 Applicant describes an FPSO equipped with such a drum and associated flexible pipes, particularly for extreme conditions encountered in the Arctic. Such a configuration is interesting for average water depths, that is to say from 100 to 350 m, or even 500-600 m. In particular, the implementation of flexible pipes over the entire height of the water between the rigid pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and the floating support allows movements of the floating support greater than when implementing rigid pipes. However, it is not possible in this type of bottom-surface connection between the drum of a floating support and pipes resting at the bottom of the sea, to implement said flexible pipes in the form of plunging chain, it is i.e. with a low inflection point as described in the hybrid tower bottom-surface bonds comprising:

• a vertical riser whose lower end is anchored to the seabed by means of a flexible hinge, and connected to a said pipe resting at the bottom of the sea, and the upper end is stretched by a float immersed in the subsurface to which it is connected, and
• a flexible connecting pipe, between the upper end of said riser and a floating support surface, said flexible connecting pipe taking, if appropriate, by its own weight in the form of a plunging chain curve, that is, that is to say, descending widely below the float and then up to said floating support, which plunger chain allows large displacements of the floating support absorbed by the deformations of the flexible pipe, including the rise or fall of said low point of inflection of the plunging chain.

It is recalled that the essential function of the plunging flexible pipes is to absorb at least in part the movements of the upper ends of rigid pipes to which one of their ends is connected and / or floating support movements to which their other end is connected by mechanically uncoupling the respective movements of the upper ends of rigid pipes to which they are connected and floating supports to which they are also connected at their other end.

In known manner, a so-called flexible connecting pipe takes its own weight in the form of a plunging chain curve, that is to say falling well below its attachment points at each end with the support respectively. floating and the upper end of the rigid pipe to which it is connected, provided that the length of said flexible pipe is greater than the distance between its point of attachment to the floating support and the upper end of said rigid pipe to which she is connected.

To connect the flexible pipes to said rigid pipe or riser is intercalated gooseneck devices known to those skilled in the art and an improved example is described in FR 2 809 136 on behalf of the plaintiff.

But, as soon as the water depth reaches 1,000 - 1,500 m or even 2,000 - 3,000 m, the cost of this multiplicity of flexible pipes becomes very high because of the developed length of each of said flexible pipes, because these Flexible pipes are very complex and very delicate to manufacture to achieve the levels of dependability required to remain in operation for periods of up to and over 20-25 years or more. In particular, the flexible pipes may interfere with each other and clash.

In WO 2011/144864 a bottom-surface connection installation of a floating support equipped with a drum on which flexible pipes are fixed and secured via a guide structure has been described. This type of bottom-surface connection is both compact, mechanically reliable in terms of durability while being relatively inexpensive and simple to achieve.

In WO 2011/144864 said guiding structure is maintained in subsurface between said reel and said supporting structure and makes it possible to create a plurality of plunging chains extending (with respect to the center of the pipe) in substantially vertical planes passing through the vertical axis Z ₁ Z ₁ of said guide structure on the one hand, and secondly, spacing laterally said plunger chains from each other in a horizontal perpendicular plane.

On the other hand, the guiding structure makes it possible to guarantee that the curvature of said plunger chains at their inflexion low point always remains with a radius of curvature greater than a minimum radius of curvature below which the deformation of the flexible duct would become irreversible and / or damage it.

In total, said guide structure of WO 2011/144864 makes it possible to implement with an optimal reduced bulk, a greater number of flexible pipes without these interfering with each other and in particular do not collide, in case of movement of said floating support related to the swell, aware and / or waves.

However, in certain field developments, it is necessary to connect each of the wellheads individually to the said FPSO and we are left with a very large amount of bottom-surface connections, which requires increasing the dimensions of the drum and / or the guiding structure as described in WO 2011/144864 to be able to contain all the flexible links without interfering with each other and especially to have risers with multiple pipes because two so-called rising columns must be sufficiently spaced to not interfere with each other.

An object of the present invention is therefore to provide an installation capable of including a greater number of bottom-surface connection connecting a drum and pipes at the bottom of the sea in a small footprint and conditions of mechanical reliability and cost just as optimal.

To implement a maximum of bottom-surface connections from the same floating support in order to optimize the exploitation of oil fields, various systems have been proposed that can combine several vertical risers together in order to reduce the bulk of the field. exploitation and be able to implement a greater number of bottom-surface links connected to the same floating support. Typically it is necessary to be able to install up to 30 or even 40 bottom-surface bonds from the same floating support.

In WO 00/49267 of the applicant, there has been described a hybrid multi-riser tower comprising an anchoring system with a vertical tendon consisting of either a cable or a metal bar, or a pipe stretched at its upper end by a float. The lower end of the tendon is attached to a base resting at the bottom. Said tendon comprises guiding means distributed over its entire length through which passes a plurality of said risers vertical. Said base can be placed simply on the seabed and stay in place by its own weight, or remain anchored by means of batteries or any other device to keep it in place. In WO 00/49267 , the lower end of the riser vertical is adapted to be connected to the end of a bend sleeve, movable, between a high position and a low position, relative to said base, to which this sleeve is suspended and associated with a means return it to the upper position in the absence of the riser. This mobility of the bent sleeve makes it possible to absorb the length variations of the riser under the effects of temperature and pressure. At the top of the vertical riser, a stop device, integral with it, comes to rest on the support guide installed at the head of the float and thus maintains the entire riser in suspension.

The connection with the submarine pipe resting on the sea floor is generally carried out by a portion of pipe shaped pig or S-shaped, called "jumper" said S then being made in a plane is vertical is horizontal, the connection with said underwater pipe is generally performed via an automatic connector.

To implement multi-riser hybrid towers as described in WO 00/49267 , the bottom-surface links are generally maintained vertical thanks to a float of very large dimensions, its buoyancy being able to reach 500 tons, even 1000 tons for the bigger ones. However, the safety regulations require that the vane ship around its drum is never above such a large capacity float. The reason is that, in case of breakage of the connection between said float and said riser, the sudden and uncontrolled rise of such a float constitutes an extremely dangerous projectile for any equipment present in the lift zone. It is then necessary to significantly distance the foot of the riser, so that said float still remains largely outside the avoidance circle of the boat. This results in a considerable lengthening of the length of the flexible pipes connecting the top of the riser to the FPSO drum, which increases the cost considerably because these high pressure flexible pipes are very expensive components. Large capacity FPSOs measure more than 300-350 m in length, and the over-length of hose can reach and exceed 500 or even 750 m for each of them. In addition, by increasing the length of the flexible pipes, the forces generated by the swell and the various currents, the repercussions on the reel, and therefore on the anchorage, are increased by the same amount, which goes against the stability sought for the FPSO.

Moreover, in WO 2009/138609 of the applicant, there has been described a bottom-surface connection type hybrid tower to facilitate its manufacture and implementation at sea, without head float, consisting of a rigid riser embedded in a foot in a foundation and connected to the FPSO by a flexible pipe equipped with buoyancy elements on an end portion of its length, the end portion of flexible pipe with positive buoyancy being in continuity of curvature with said rigid riser and avoiding to implement a float at the head and furthermore making it possible to avoid using a connection device of the gooseneck type between the riser and the flexible pipe. But, this type of hybrid tower of WO 2009/138609 , which can be manufactured and installed at sea in a simplified manner, represents only a single bottom-surface connection and is not adapted to the implementation of a hybrid multi-riser tower comprising a plurality of risers around a tendon anchored in the foot.

1. a) un tendon vertical solidaire à son extrémité supérieure d'une structure porteuse apte à être suspendue à un flotteur au sommet immergé en subsurface, par l'intermédiaire d'une chaine ou câble, ledit tendon étant solidaire à son extrémité inférieure à une structure inférieure de guidage et étant apte à être fixé à une embase reposant au fond de la mer ou une fondation enfoncée au fond de la mer, de préférence par l'intermédiaire d'une articulation flexible, et
2. b) une pluralité de conduite rigide verticale dénommé riser dont l'extrémité supérieure est solidaire de ladite structure porteuse, l'extrémité inférieure de chaque dite conduite rigide ou riser étant apte à être reliée à une conduite sous-marine reposant au fond de la mer,
3. c) une pluralité de moyens de guidage desdits risers, lesdits moyens de guidage ainsi que ladite structure inférieure de guidage étant aptes à maintenir lesdits risers disposés autour dudit tendon, et
4. d) des éléments de flottabilité coopérant avec ledit tendon, répartis le long dudit tendon, de préférence des éléments de flottabilité résistants à la pression hydrostatique sous-marine, de préférence encore des éléments de flottabilité en mousse syntactique, et

caractérisée en ce que ladite tour comprend une pluralité de modules de flottabilité et de guidage constituant une pluralité de structures indépendantes aptes à coulisser le long dudit tendon et le long desdits risers, ladite structure supportant lesdits éléments de flottabilité et guidant lesdits risers en position de préférence régulièrement et symétriquement répartis autour dudit tendon.In WO 2010/097528 and WO 2011/144864 multi-riser hybrid towers equipped with sliding buoyancy and sliding guide modules have been described, comprising:

1. a) a vertical tendon secured at its upper end to a supporting structure capable of being suspended from a submerged submerged top float, via a chain or cable, said tendon being integral at its lower end with a structure lower guide and being adapted to be fixed to a base resting at the bottom of the sea or a foundation sunk to the bottom of the sea, preferably via a flexible joint, and
2. b) a plurality of rigid vertical pipe called riser whose upper end is integral with said support structure, the lower end of each said rigid pipe or riser being adapted to be connected to a subsea pipe resting at the bottom of the sea ,
3. c) a plurality of means for guiding said risers, said guide means and said lower guide structure being able to hold said risers arranged around said tendon, and
4. d) buoyancy elements cooperating with said tendon, distributed along said tendon, preferably buoyancy elements resistant to the underwater hydrostatic pressure, more preferably syntactic foam buoyancy elements, and

characterized in that said tower comprises a plurality of buoyancy and guiding modules constituting a plurality of independent structures able to slide along said tendon and along said risers, said structure supporting said buoyancy elements and guiding said risers in position preferably regularly and symmetrically distributed around said tendon.

Said modules and therefore said buoyancy elements slide along the tendon below said carrier structure and are retained at the upper end of said risers and tendon by said carrier structure. The tension created by the sum of the buoyancy of the different modules is thus transferred to the top of the tendon by means of the said supporting structure against which the upper buoyancy module abuts, the other modules being pressed against each other and against the others.

Thus, in this embodiment, because the buoyancy modules slide on the risers and tendon, all the tension is reduced to the level of the upper supporting structure to which are fixed the upper ends of the risers and the structure of the modules as well as the connection between the risers and the upper supporting structure must take up considerable tensile forces representing all the weight of the risers. Indeed, if the foundation is subjected only to the resultant force T _R exerted at the head float, namely 10 to 50% of the total weight of the tower, the total weight of the tower is taken directly by all the buoyancy modules, the latter exerting a vertical thrust upward directly on the underside of said carrier structure. More particularly, all of the buoyancy modules provide cumulative buoyancy ΣF representing a traction force of intensity greater than the total weight of the tower Pt, preferably from 102 to 110% of the total weight of the tower.

In addition, since crude oil travels a great distance over several kilometers, it must be provided with an extreme and very costly level of insulation to, on the one hand, minimize the increase in viscosity which would lead to a reduction in hourly production. wells, and secondly to avoid the blockage of the flow by deposition of paraffin, or formation of gas hydrates when the temperature drops to around 30-40 ° C. These last phenomena are all the more critical, especially in West Africa, the temperature of the seabed is of the order of 4 ° C and the crude oils are paraffinic type. It is therefore desirable for the bottom-surface connections to be of short lengths and thus for the bulk of the various connections connected to the same floating support to be limited, for this additional reason of thermal insulation.

In WO 2011/097528 and WO2011 / 144864 , the buoyancy elements are sliding and cover only a portion of the total length of the risers, so they can not ensure optimal thermal insulation.

An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a new type of installation of a large amount of multiple bottom-surface connections and of various types in connection with a FPSO anchored on a drum, for connecting preferably individually a plurality of heads subsea wells and installations installed at the deep seabed, that is to say beyond 1,000 m of water depth, and having no dangerous buoyancy element, such as a large tensioning float of up to 500-1000 m3 or more, and overcoming the drawbacks of the previous embodiments, particularly as described in WO 2010/097528 and WO 2011/144864 .

• de réduire la distance d'implantation entre les différentes liaisons fond-surface, c'est-à-dire permettent d'installer une pluralité de liaisons fond-surface dans un espace le plus réduit possible ou en d'autres termes avec une emprise au sol réduite, ceci afin, entre autre, d'augmenter le nombre de liaisons fond-surface qu'il est possible d'installer sur le touret d'un FPSO, sans que lesdites liaisons fond-surface n'interfèrent entre elles, et,
• une fabrication et mise en place aisée par fabrication à terre, puis remorquage sur site et installation définitive après cabanage
• d'optimiser la mise en place des colonnes montantes, le cas échéant équipées des diverses liaisons flexibles, l'ensemble restant en attente de l'installation future du FPSO ancré sur son touret.

It is also intended to provide an installation capable of operating from the same floating support a plurality of bottom-surface links of the tower-hybrid type of reduced space and movement and which is also easier to install. More particularly still, another problem posed according to the present invention is therefore to provide an installation with a multiplicity of bottom-surface connections from the same floating support, whose methods of installation and installation of the installation allow at a time :

• to reduce the implantation distance between the different bottom-surface connections, that is to say make it possible to install a plurality of bottom-surface connections in as small a space as possible or in other words with a right-of-way reduced soil, this in order, among other things, to increase the number of bottom-surface connections that it is possible to install on the drum of an FPSO, without said bottom-surface links interfering with each other, and,
• easy manufacturing and installation by onshore manufacturing, then on-site towing and final installation after cabanage
• to optimize the installation of the risers, possibly equipped with the various flexible links, all remaining pending the future installation of the FPSO anchored on its drum.

Indeed, during the engineering phase of the development of an oil field, the oil reservoir is known at this stage only incompletely, production at full speed then often requires reconsideration, after a few months. years, the initial production plans and the organization of associated equipment. Thus, during the installation of the initial system, the number of bottom-surface links and their organization is defined in relation to estimated needs, said needs being almost systematically revised upwards after the bringing the field into production, either for the recovery of crude oil, or for the need to inject more water into the reservoir, or to recover or reinject more gas. As the reservoir is depleted, it is generally necessary to drill new wells to reinject water or gas, or to drill production wells in new areas of the field, so that increase the overall recovery rate, which complicates all the bottom-surface links connected to the FPSO drum.

Another problem posed according to the present invention is to be able to make and install such bottom-surface connections for submarine pipes at great depths, such as above 1,000 meters for example, and of type comprising a vertical hybrid tower. and whose transported fluid must be maintained above a minimum temperature until it reaches the surface, minimizing the components subject to heat loss, avoiding the disadvantages created by the clean thermal expansion, or differential, various components of said tower, so as to withstand extreme stresses and cumulative fatigue phenomena over the life of the structure, which currently exceeds 20 years.

Another problem of the present invention is also to provide a facility of multiple bottom-surface connections with hybrid towers whose anchoring system is of high strength and low cost, and whose manufacturing processes and implementation In place of the various constituent elements are simplified and also of low cost, and can be realized at sea with current installation vessels.

• un dit support flottant comprenant un touret, et
• au moins une tour du type hybride comprenant :
  1. a) une tour multi-risers comprenant :
     • a.1) un tendon vertical solidaire à son extrémité supérieure d'une structure porteuse supérieure, ledit tendon étant fixé à son extrémité inférieure à une embase reposant au fond de la mer ou une ancre, de préférence du type ancre à succion, enfoncée au fond de la mer, et
     • a.2) une pluralité de conduites rigides verticales dénommées risers, l'extrémité supérieure de chaque riser étant solidaire de ladite structure porteuse, l'extrémité inférieure de chaque dit riser étant reliée ou apte à être reliée à une conduite sous-marine reposant au fond de la mer,
     • a.3) une pluralité de moyens de guidage desdits risers aptes à maintenir lesdits risers disposés autour dudit tendon à une distance sensiblement constante, de préférence régulièrement et symétriquement répartis autour dudit tendon, et
  2. b) une pluralité de conduites flexibles s'étendant depuis ledit touret jusqu'aux extrémités supérieures d'une respectivement pluralité de conduites rigides, dont au moins une conduite flexible, ci-après dénommée première conduite flexible, comprend une partie terminale de la conduite flexible, du côté de sa jonction à l'extrémité supérieure dudit riser, équipée de flotteurs dénommés premier flotteur lui conférant une flottabilité positive, et au moins la partie supérieure dudit riser vertical est équipée de flotteurs dénommés deuxièmes flotteurs lui conférant une flottabilité positive, de sorte que les flottabilités positives de ladite partie terminale de la première conduite flexible et de ladite partie supérieure dudit riser vertical permettent le tensionnement desdits risers en position sensiblement verticale et l'alignement ou la continuité de courbure entre de l'extrémité de ladite partie terminale à flottabilité positive de ladite première conduite flexible et la partie supérieure dudit riser vertical au niveau de leur raccordement,

ladite installation étant caractérisée en ce qu'au moins une dite tour hybride comprend :

• au moins deux dites premières conduites flexibles à flottabilité positive dont les extrémités sont fixées respectivement à deux extrémités supérieures de deux dits risers, les deux extrémités supérieures des deux risers arrivant au-dessus de ladite structure porteuse supérieure à des hauteurs différentes, de sorte que lesdites premières conduites flexibles soient positionnées à des hauteurs différentes les unes par rapport aux autres, et
• desdits risers équipés de deuxièmes flotteurs coaxiaux périphériques entourant lesdits risers et solidaires desdits risers, lesdits deuxièmes flotteurs coaxiaux étant répartis, de préférence continument, sur au moins une partie supérieure d'au moins 25% de la longueur desdits risers au-dessous et à partir de ladite structure porteuse supérieure, de préférence une longueur d'au moins 50% de la longueur desdits risers, de préférence encore sur au moins 75% de leur longueur, l'ensemble desdits deuxièmes flotteurs coaxiaux compensant au moins le poids total desdits risers, et
• lesdits modules de guidage solidaires dudit tendon et aptes à coulisser le long desdits deuxièmes flotteurs desdits risers, lesdits modules de guidage étant espacés et répartis, de préférence régulièrement, sur au moins une partie supérieure d'au moins 25% de la longueur dudit tendon au-dessous et à partir de ladite structure porteuse supérieure, de préférence sur une longueur d'au moins 50% de la longueur dudit tendon, de préférence encore sur au moins 75% de sa longueur,
• ledit tendon et ladite structure porteuse supérieure n'étant pas suspendus à un flotteur immergé en subsurface, et ledit tendon étant situé à une distance de l'axe vertical du touret (ZZ) inférieure à la distance entre l'axe dudit touret et l'extrémité la plus éloignée dudit support flottant.

To do this, the present invention provides a bottom-to-surface bonding facility between a plurality of subsea pipes lying at the bottom of the sea and a floating support surface and anchored to the sea floor, comprising:

• a said floating support comprising a drum, and
• at least one tower of the hybrid type comprising:
  1. a) a multi-riser tower comprising:
     • a.1) a vertical tendon secured at its upper end to an upper supporting structure, said tendon being fixed at its lower end to a base resting at the bottom of the sea or an anchor, preferably of the suction anchor type, driven into the bottom of the sea, and
     • a.2) a plurality of vertical rigid pipes called risers, the upper end of each riser being integral with said supporting structure, the lower end of each said riser being connected or able to be connected to a submarine pipe resting at bottom of the sea,
     • a.3) a plurality of means for guiding said risers able to maintain said risers arranged around said tendon at a substantially constant distance, preferably regularly and symmetrically distributed around said tendon, and
  2. b) a plurality of flexible pipes extending from said drum to the upper ends of a plurality of rigid pipes respectively, of which at least one flexible pipe, hereinafter referred to as the first flexible pipe, comprises an end portion of the flexible pipe , on the side of its junction at the upper end of said riser, equipped with floats called first float giving it a positive buoyancy, and at least the upper part of said vertical riser is equipped with floats called second floats conferring positive buoyancy, so that the positive buoyancy of said end portion of the first flexible pipe and said upper portion of said vertical riser allow the tensioning of said risers in substantially vertical position and the alignment or continuity of curvature between the end of said buoyant end portion; positive of said first c flexible corrugation and the upper part of said vertical riser at their connection,

said facility being characterized in that at least one said hybrid tower comprises:

• at least two said first positive buoyant flexible pipes whose ends are respectively fixed at two ends upper two of said risers, the two upper ends of the two risers arriving above said upper support structure at different heights, so that said first flexible pipes are positioned at different heights relative to each other, and
• said risers equipped with second peripheral coaxial floats surrounding said risers and integral with said risers, said second coaxial floats being distributed, preferably continuously, over at least an upper portion of at least 25% of the length of said risers below and from of said upper carrier structure, preferably at least 50% of the length of said risers, preferably at least 75% of their length, all of said second coaxial floats compensating for at least the total weight of said risers, and
• said guide modules secured to said tendon and slidable along said second floats of said risers, said guide modules being spaced apart and distributed, preferably regularly, over at least an upper portion of at least 25% of the length of said tendon at said below and from said upper supporting structure, preferably over a length of at least 50% of the length of said tendon, more preferably over at least 75% of its length,
• said tendon and said upper support structure not being suspended from a submerged submerged float, and said tendon being located at a distance from the vertical axis of the reel (ZZ) less than the distance between the axis of said reel and the end furthest from said floating support.

Said guide means are advantageously installed over the entire height of the tower and thus have the essential function of maintaining a constant geometry of positioning the risers with respect to each other and tendons, and thus to prevent the buckling of said risers when those these are put into compression, especially when they are filled with gas, the spacing between two means of successive guidance being preferably reduced in this area subject to lateral buckling.

Due to the respective arrangement of said flexible pipes with positive buoyancy relative to each other, it is possible to implement on each hybrid multi-riser tower a plurality of flexible pipes with positive buoyancy, in particular from 2 to 8 flexible pipes with positive buoyancy, shifted in height although close in terms of lateral spacing, since all converge towards the same tower, that is to say near the same tendon.

Because of the plurality of positive buoyant flexible pipes in combination with positive buoyancy distributed over a said upper portion of the length of said risers and the length of said tendon from said upper support structure, it is no longer necessary to implement a float at the head of the tower to ensure tensioning of the tower. Thus it is possible to bring the hybrid towers within the avoidance zone of the ship without risk of accident, as explained above. And, it is possible to reduce the problems related to the length of flexible pipes, which reduces the cost of manufacturing and thermal insulation.

• chacun des risers étant indépendant de ses voisins, les efforts engendrés par la flottabilité dudit riser s'applique seulement sur la structure porteuse supérieure, puis sur le tendon, puis sur la fondation, et
• d'autre part, il est possible de combiner isolation thermique et flottabilité en mettant en oeuvre des éléments de flottabilité réalisés dans un matériau combinant les propriétés de flottabilité et d'isolation thermique, notamment tel que décrit dans FR 11 52574 au nom de la demanderesse explicité ci-après.

Because all of said second coaxial floats compensate for at least the total weight of said risers, and more particularly that each of said second floats associated with the same riser compensates for at least the total weight of said riser, thus conferring on said riser a positive buoyancy. even when said riser (s) are filled with seawater and buoyancy elements of the tower do not slide along said risers and said tendon, the installation according to the invention has the following advantages:

• each of the risers being independent of its neighbors, the forces generated by the buoyancy of said riser apply only to the upper bearing structure, then to the tendon, then to the foundation, and
• on the other hand, it is possible to combine thermal insulation and buoyancy by implementing buoyancy elements made of a material combining the buoyancy and thermal insulation properties, especially as described in FR 11 52574 in the name of the plaintiff explained below.

Another advantage of an installation according to the invention is that it is possible to implement a plurality of hybrid towers whose flexible pipes are connected to the same drum but offset angularly and radially, so that the turns are arranged in a fan pattern around said drum at identical or different distances from said drum, certain turns being able to be only partially installed and not yet comprising flexible pipes or only a part of said rigid pipes being able to be extended from said flexible pipes to their upper ends and / or or connected to said underwater pipes resting at the bottom of the sea at their lower ends, said rigid pipes being waiting for connection to wellheads as well as to the floating support, as explained hereinafter.

Here, the term "first flexible conduit" refers to the conduits known under the name "flexible" well known to those skilled in the art and which have been described in the normative documents published by the American Petroleum Institute (API), more particularly under the API 17J and API RP 17 B references. Such hoses are in particular manufactured and marketed by TECHNIP France under the trade name COFLEXIP. These flexible pipes generally comprise internal sealing layers of thermoplastic materials associated with layers resistant to the pressure internal to the pipe, generally made of steel or composite materials made in the form of spiral strips, contiguous inside the thermoplastic pipe to withstand the bursting internal pressure and supplemented by external reinforcements above the thermoplastic tubular layer also in the form of contiguous spiral strips, but with a pitch longer, that is to say an angle of inclination of the lower helix, in particular from 15 ° to 55 °.

"Vertical" means that when the sea is calm and the installation is at rest, the connection hoses to the FPSO not being installed, the tendon and the risers are arranged substantially vertically, it being understood that the swell, and the movements of the floating support and / or flexible ducts can cause the tower to travel in a vertex angle preferably limited to 10-15 °, in particular because of the use of a connecting piece and transition of inertia, or a flexible articulation of the Roto-Latch ^{® type} at the foot of the tendon, at its point of attachment to said base or anchor.

The term tower or "vertical riser" is used here to account for the substantially vertical theoretical position of said risers when they are at rest, provided that the axes of the risers can know angular movements with respect to the vertical and move in a angle cone γ whose apex corresponds to the attachment point of the lower end of the tendon on said base. The upper end of a vertical riser can be slightly curved. Therefore, the term "first flexible pipe end portion substantially in alignment with the axis Z ₁ Z ₁ said riser that the end of the inverted chain curve of said first flexible pipe is substantially tangential to the end of said riser vertical. In any case, in continuity of variation of curvature, that is to say without singular point, in the mathematical sense.

The term "continuity of curvature" between the upper end of the vertical riser and the portion of the first flexible pipe having a positive buoyancy, that said variation of curvature does not present any singular point, such as a sudden variation of the angle d tilt of its tangent or point of inflection.

Preferably, the slope of the curve formed by the first flexible pipe is such that the inclination of its tangent relative to the axis Z ₁ Z ₁ of the upper part of said vertical riser increases. continuously and progressively from the point of connection between the upper end of the vertical riser and the end of said end portion of the first flexible positive buoyancy pipe, to the point of inflection corresponding to an inversion of curvature between said end portion convex and the first concave part of the first flexible pipe.

The installation according to the present invention thus makes it possible to avoid the tensioning of the vertical riser by a surface or sub-surface float, at which its upper end would be suspended. This type of installation confers increased stability in terms of angular variation (γ) of the angle of excursion of the upper end of the vertical riser relative to a theoretical position of vertical rest, because this angular variation is reduced in practice. at a maximum angle not exceeding 5 °, in practice of the order of 1 to 4 ° with the installation according to the invention, whereas, in the embodiments of the prior art, the angular excursion could reach 5 at 10 ° or more.

Another advantage of the present invention is that, due to this small angular variation of the upper end of the vertical riser, it is possible to implement, at its lower end, a rigid recess on a second or nth base resting at the bottom of the sea, without having recourse to a part of transition of inertia of dimension too important and thus too expensive. It is therefore possible to avoid the use of a flexible hinge, in particular of the flexible spherical ball type, provided that the junction between the lower end of the second or nth riser and said recess comprises an inertial transition piece. .

Similarly, and in a known manner, it is understood that said upper support structure ensures the maintenance of constant geometry of the upper ends of said risers and said vertical tendon securing them to each other at a constant distance.

In known manner, said drum comprises a cavity within a remote structure at the front of the floating support or integrated in or below the hull of the floating support, preferably said cavity passing through the hull of the floating support over its entire height.

In a known manner, said vertical tendon consists of a cable or a rigid bar, in particular metal, or a pipe.

In known manner, said first flexible pipe end portion extends over only a portion of the total length of the first flexible pipe so that said first flexible pipe has an S-shaped configuration, with a first portion of a first flexible pipe on the side of said floating support having a concave curvature in the form of a plunging chain and said remaining end portion of said first flexible pipe having a convex curvature in the form of a chain inverted by its positive buoyancy. Here, the term "concave curvature" of said first portion of a first flexible pipe is a curvature with concavity turned upwards, and "convex curvature" of said end portion of a first flexible pipe a curvature with convexity turned upwards or concavity turned down.

It is understood that said first flexible pipes positioned at different heights means that two points of respectively a first upper flexible pipe and a second lower flexible pipe, located in the same vertical direction, are always located one above the other , although a point of the first upper flexible pipe may be at a height less than a point of the first lower flexible pipe, if the two points of the first two upper and lower flexible pipes are not aligned vertically.

It is also understood that the two said first flexible ducts are necessarily slightly laterally offset since their ends are connected firstly to the upper ends of said risers, which are offset laterally at said upper bearing structure on the one hand, and their dots attached to the drum are also slightly laterally offset at the reel. In general, the height offset is greater than the lateral offset between the first two flexible pipes.

In practice and according to the diameters of the flexible pipes with positive buoyancy, the minimum offset in height of the upper ends of said risers to which said first flexible pipes are fixed and therefore the minimum distance in height between two said first flexible pipes arranged at different heights is at least 3 m, preferably 5 to 10 m.

More particularly, a said tower comprises from 2 to 7 rigid pipes and 2 to 5 said first flexible pipes.

In known manner, said drum comprises a cylindrical inner portion adapted to remain substantially fixed with respect to the seabed inside said cavity when said floating support is rotated about the vertical axis (ZZ) of said portion. internal or said cavity of the drum, said floating support being anchored to the bottom of the sea by lines fixed at their upper ends to said cylindrical inner portion of the drum.

In a known manner, the lower ends of the risers are attached to the ends of the underwater pipes resting at the bottom of the sea, preferably via automatic connectors between the said lower ends of the risers and the ends of the underwater pipes, and / or by means of angled sleeves and / or angled connecting lines.

More particularly, an installation according to the invention comprises second flexible pipes of smaller diameters or of lower linear weight than said first flexible pipes, said second flexible pipes having no buoyancy elements and being connected to the upper ends of said riser via connection devices, preferably gooseneck type, said second flexible pipes being located below said first flexible pipes.

Advantageously, buoyancy elements can be secured to said connection piece and / or under the face of said upper support structure to compensate for the weight of said second flexible pipes and various accessories such as goosenecks, structural reinforcement elements and than automatic connectors.

An installation according to the invention may also comprise other "underwater flexible pipe" such as a cable, an umbilical or a pipe capable of accepting significant deformations without generating significant return forces, in particular a flexible pipe. In particular, a control umbilical will comprise one or more hydraulic lines and / or electric cables for transmitting energy and / or information.

More particularly, said tendon is fixed at its lower end to a base or anchor via a junction piece and inertia transition whose variation of inertia is such that its inertia increases gradually from its upper end to at the lower end of said junction piece making the recess of the lower end of said tendon at said base or anchor.

By "inertia" is meant herein the moment of inertia of said junction piece and transition of inertia with respect to an axis perpendicular to the axis of said junction piece and inertia transition, which reflects flexural stiffness. in each of the planes perpendicular to the vertical axis of symmetry of said connecting piece and inertia transition, this moment of inertia being proportional to the product of the section of material by the square of its distance from said axis of said junction piece and transition of inertia.

In known manner, said junction and inertia transition piece has a cylindro-conical shape, and said connecting piece is fixed at its base to a first tubular pile passing through a cavity cylindrical said base or anchor so as to allow the embedding of said connecting piece in said base or anchor.

More particularly, an installation according to the invention comprises third floats integral with said tendon at least in the spaces between said guide modules, said third floats providing a positive buoyancy compensating for at least the weight of said tendon.

More particularly, said guide modules constitute a plurality of independent rigid structures spaced at least 5 m along at least the upper part of said tendon, each said rigid structure comprising a plurality of tubular guide elements defining risers. tubular orifices in which said risers, equipped with said second floats, can slide and a central tendon connecting element preferably defining a central orifice traversed by said tendon and which is secured thereto in particular by welding.

More particularly, said guide modules and said second floats extend over at least 50% of the length of the tower between said carrier structure at the top and the lower end of the tendon.

More particularly, said guide modules are spaced from 2 to 20 m, preferably from 5 to 15 m, and are at least 20, preferably at least 50 guide modules for a tower of at least 1000 m of height.

More particularly, all of said first floats provide cumulative buoyancy representing an upward pulling force of greater intensity than the total weight of said risers, preferably to the total weight of the tower, preferably from 102 to 115%, preferably from 103 to 106%, of the total weight of said risers, more preferably the total weight of the tower.

Thus, the resulting vertical upward tension at said upper bearing structure being from 2 to 15% of the total weight of the tower, preferably from 3% to 6% of the total weight of the tower.

Thus, said multi-riser tower is tensioned by said floats and said support is anchored so that the angle γ between the axis (Z ₁ Z ₁ ) of said tendon and the vertical remains less than 10 °, when the support floating is enlivened by the agitation of the sea and / or the force of the wind despite its anchorage.

Preferably, said second coaxial floats are continuously distributed over the entire length of said risers below and from said upper support structure, and said guide modules are distributed over the entire length of said tendon below and from said superior support structure.

The positive buoyancy of the riser, the first flexible pipes and the tendon can be provided in a known manner by coaxial peripheral floats surrounding said pipes, or, preferably, as regards the rigid pipe or vertical riser, a material coating. positive buoyancy, preferably also constituting an insulating material, such as syntactic foam, in the form of shell sleeve enclosing said pipe. Such buoyancy elements resistant to very high pressures, that is to say at pressures of about 10 MPa per 1,000 m of water, are known to those skilled in the art and are available from BALMORAL (UK).

Advantageously, the buoyancy and insulation material will consist of a gum of microspheres with a compressibility lower than that of seawater, as described in the applicant's patent application. FR 11 52574 and described below.

More preferably, said first, second and third floats are in the form of tubular sleeves, preferably in the form of two half-shells forming a tubular sleeve, made of an underwater hydrostatic pressure resistant material, and at least said second floats and preferably said first and second floats are made of material further having thermal insulation properties.

• (a) d'une matrice d'un mélange homogène de polymère élastomère réticulé et d'un composé plastifiant isolant liquide, ledit composé plastifiant isolant étant choisi parmi des composés issus d'huiles minérales, de préférence des hydrocarbures, et des composés issus d'huiles végétales, de préférence des esters d'huiles végétales, ledit composé plastifiant isolant n'étant pas un matériau de type à changement de phase à une température de -10° à +150°C, la proportion massique de dit composé plastifiant isolant dans ladite matrice étant d'au moins 50%, de préférence au moins 60%, et
• (b) de billes creuses, de préférence des microbilles de verre, dispersées au sein d'une matrice dudit mélange homogène de dit polymère et dit composé plastifiant isolant, dans une proportion volumique d'au moins 35% du volume total du mélange desdites billes avec ladite matrice, de préférence de 40 à 65% du volume total.

More particularly, a rigid thermal insulation and buoyancy material consists of a mixture of:

• (a) a matrix of a homogeneous mixture of crosslinked elastomeric polymer and a liquid insulating plasticizer compound, said insulating plasticizing compound being selected from compounds derived from mineral oils, preferably hydrocarbons, and compounds derived from vegetable oils, preferably vegetable oil esters, said insulating plasticizer compound being not a phase change type material at a temperature of -10 ° to + 150 ° C, the mass proportion of said plasticizing insulating compound in said matrix being at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, and
• (b) hollow beads, preferably glass microspheres, dispersed in a matrix of said homogeneous mixture of said polymer and said insulating plasticizing compound, in a volume proportion of at least 35% of the total volume of the mixture of said beads with said matrix, preferably from 40 to 65% of the total volume.

Such a material has increased thermal insulation, buoyancy and cracking resistance properties as well as a lower cost compared to a syntactic foam material consisting of the same constituents but without a plasticizing compound as will be explained hereinafter.

Hollow microspheres are added in an insulating gel of the type of WO 02/34809 . This mixture of an insulating gel and hollow microspheres has the advantage that its buoyancy does not decrease, or even increases with the depth whereas, on the contrary, the buoyancy of a syntactic foam material (similar material but without plasticizer) decreases very significantly with water depth. This increased buoyancy as a function of the depth results from the fact that the compressibility modulus of said rigid insulating material according to the invention is greater than the modulus of compressibility of water, namely greater than 2200 MPa, the compressibility modulus of the water being around 2,000 MPa. In other words, the increase in buoyancy of said material results from the fact that the density of water increases more than that of said material depending on the depth at which the material is.

Consequently, a rigid insulating material according to the invention or GBG, hereinafter abbreviated as "GBG" (Glass Bubble Gum), that is to say "glass bead gum", is much more efficient in terms of deep buoyancy, especially for depths of 1000 to 3500 m and beyond, compared with a syntactic foam of the prior art (similar material without plasticizer compound) whose compressibility modulus does not exceed 1600 MPa.

In addition, in this material the rupture of the microbeads occurs for a compression value and therefore a water depth 15 to 30% higher than that of the traditional syntactic foam.

Overall, therefore, the material of the present invention provides improved mechanical properties of crack resistance and increased buoyancy at greater depth as well as lower cost than comparable syntactic foam material (similar components without plasticizer).

The term "thermal insulator" is understood to mean a material whose thermal conductivity properties are less than 0.25 W / m / K and "positive buoyancy" a density of less than 1 relative to seawater.

The term "rigid material" is used herein to mean a material which is shaped in and of itself and does not deform substantially due to its own weight when preformed by molding or confined in a flexible envelope, and whose modulus of Young λ is greater than 200 MPa, unlike a gel which remains extremely flexible and whose Young's modulus is almost zero.

Here is meant by 'mineral oil', a hydrocarbon oil derived from fossil material, especially by distillation of petroleum, coal, and some oil shale and "vegetable oil", an oil derived from plants by extraction, especially in the case of rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or soya, and more particularly by treatment in the case of esters of these vegetable oils.

In known manner, the hollow balls are filled with a gas and resist the underwater hydrostatic external pressure. They have a diameter of 10 μm to 10 mm, and for microbeads, 10 to 150 μm, preferably 20 to 50 μm and have a thickness of 1 to 2 microns, preferably about 1.5 microns. Such glass microspheres are available from the company 3M (France).

More particularly, to achieve an insulating buoyancy material resistant to 2500 m, or about 25 MPa, is advantageously used a selection of microspheres whose Gaussian distribution is centered on 20 microns, while for a depth of 1250 m, a distribution Gaussian centered around 40 μm fits.

The phase stability of the plasticizer compound according to the invention at the temperature values of -10 ° to + 150 ° C, makes it compatible with the temperature values of the seawater and the production petroleum fluids in the deep sea.

A rigid insulating material of this type, although relatively "rigid" in the sense of the present invention, exhibits a mechanical behavior in terms of compressibility which is close to an elastomeric rubber due to the low value of its Young's modulus, whereas a syntactic foam behaves like a solid. The "rigidity" in the sense of the present invention of the insulating material essentially results from the high mass content of said microbeads, said microbeads also providing a buoyancy and thermal insulation gain compared to an insulating gel of the same composition.

More particularly, the rigid insulating buoyancy material has a density of less than 0.7, preferably less than 0.6, and a thermal conductivity of said material less than 0.15 W / m / K, preferably less than 0.13. W / m / K, and a Young's module or module of triaxially compressing said material from 100 to 1000 MPa, preferably from 200 to 500 MPa, and a compressibility modulus of said rigid insulating material greater than 2000 MPa, preferably greater than 2200 MPa, that is to say a module compressibility greater than that of water.

More particularly, said plasticizer compound has a modulus of compressibility greater than that of said polymer, preferably greater than 2000 MPa, a thermal conductivity, and a density, lower than that of said polymer, preferably a thermal conductivity of less than 0, 12 W / m / K and a density of less than 0.85, more preferably 0.60 to 0.82.

• le rapport en masse dudit polymère réticulé et dudit composé plastifiant isolant est de 15/85 à 40/60 de préférence de 20/80 à 30/70, et
• le rapport en volume desdites microbilles par rapport au volume de ladite matrice de polymère réticulé et de dit composé isolant est de 35/65 à 65/35, de préférence de 40/60 à 60/40, de préférence encore de 45/55 à 57/43.

More particularly, an insulating material of this type GBG has the following characteristics:

• the mass ratio of said crosslinked polymer and said insulating plasticizer compound is from 15/85 to 40/60, preferably from 20/80 to 30/70, and
• the volume ratio of said microbeads with respect to the volume of said matrix of crosslinked polymer and said insulating compound is from 35/65 to 65/35, preferably from 40/60 to 60/40, more preferably from 45/55 to 57/43.

Beyond 85% of plasticizer compound in the matrix, it may exude out of it.

Advantageously, said polymer has a glass transition temperature of less than -10 ° C, its phase stability being thus compatible with the temperature values of seawater and production petroleum fluids to the deep sea.

More particularly, these compressibility properties and comparative thermal and density insulation properties of said plasticizer and said polymer compound are met when, according to a preferred embodiment, said crosslinked polymer is of the type polyurethane and said liquid plasticizer compound is a petroleum product, said light cutting fuel type.

More particularly, said plasticizer compound is selected from kerosene, gas oil, gasoline and white spirit.

These fuels, with the exception of gasoline, also have the advantage of having a flash point above 90 ° C, thus avoiding any risk of fire or explosion in the manufacturing process.

Kerosene has a thermal conductivity of about 0.11 W / m / K.

In another embodiment, use is made of a plasticizer compound derived from vegetable oil of the biofuel type, preferably an oil ester of plant origin, in particular an alcoholic ester of vegetable oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil or of soy.

More particularly, said polymer is a polyurethane resulting from the crosslinking of polyol and of poly iso cyanate, said polyol preferably being of the connected type, more preferably at least a 3-pointed star, and the polyisocyanate being an isocyanate pre-polymer and / or polyisocyanate polymer.

More particularly, said polyurethane polymer results from the crosslinking by polyaddition of hydroxylated polydiene, preferably hydroxylated polybutadiene, and aromatic polyisocyanate, preferably 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) or a polymeric MDI.

Preferably, the molar ratio NCO / OH of the two polyol and polyisocyanate components is 0.5 to 2, preferably greater than 1, more preferably 1 to 1.2. An excess of NCO ensures that all the OHs have reacted and that the crosslinking is complete or, at the very least, optimal.

Advantageously, said rigid material is confined in a protective envelope.

The outer casing may be of metal, such as iron, steel, copper, aluminum and metal alloys, but also may also be polymeric synthetic material, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, polyamides , polyurethanes or any other polymer convertible into tubes, plates or envelopes, or obtained by rotational molding of thermoplastic powders, or composite materials. The option of envelopes of polymeric materials mentioned above is an option all the more practical and effective that the solution of the invention, for obtaining a rigid buoyancy insulating material according to the invention, makes it possible to use of less rigid, lighter and less difficult to implement envelope materials and, therefore, less expensive overall. The outer casing may preferably be a thick layer more or less rigid, a few millimeters to several centimeters thick, but may also be in the form of flexible or semi-rigid film.

More particularly, said rigid buoyancy insulating material is in the form of a premolded part, preferably able to be applied around an underwater pipe or an underwater pipe element to ensure the thermal insulation and / or the Buoyancy and resistance to underwater hydrostatic pressure, preferably at a great depth of at least 1000 m.

More particularly, said positive buoyancy of said first floats of said first flexible pipes is regularly and uniformly distributed over the entire length of said first flexible pipe end portion and the buoyancy of said second floats distributed over at least said upper part of the rigid pipes. , preferably over the entire length of said rigid pipes, provides a resultant vertical thrust of 50 to 150 Kg / meter over the entire length of said rigid pipes, and / or said first floats of the first flexible pipes provide positive buoyancy on a length corresponding to 30 to 60%, of the total length of said first flexible pipes, preferably about half of its total length.

More preferably, said tower comprises a cylindrical outer envelope with circular horizontal section, of plastic or composite material forming a hydrodynamic rigid shield of protection surrounding all of said rigid pipes at least in an upper part of the tower. This screen also contributes to the thermal insulation of said rigid pipes.

More particularly, said outer envelope may be metal, such as iron, steel, copper, aluminum and metal alloys, but also may also be polymeric synthetic material, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, polyamides, polyurethanes.

More preferably, an installation according to the invention comprises a plurality of said multi-riser hybrid towers, preferably at least 5 turns, whose flexible pipes are connected or adapted to be connected to the same drum but extend in directions (YY ') angularly offset, so that said turns are arranged fanwise around said drum at identical or different distances from said drum, some said turns being able to be only partially mounted not yet comprising flexible pipes and / or only one part of said rigid pipes being extendible from said flexible pipes at their upper ends and / or at least part of said rigid pipes not being connected to said subsea pipes lying at the bottom of the sea at their lower ends.

It is understood that said angularly offset directions (YY ') are the horizontal directions between the vertical axis of the reel and the vertical axis of the tendon.

Said rigid pipes are thus waiting for subsequent connection to wellheads and to the floating support.

The vertical tendon can also be connected at its lower end to the base or anchor by a flexible joint type laminated stopper marketed by TECHLAM France Company or roto-latch ^{® type} , available from OILSTATES USA, known to those skilled in the art.

This embodiment comprising a multiplicity of risers maintained by a central structure comprising guide means is advantageous when it is possible to pre-manufacture the entire tower on the ground, before towing it at sea and then once on site. , cabaner for final implementation as explained below.

1. 1) on préfabrique à terre une dite tour reliée en tête à des dites conduites flexibles à flottabilités positives dont l'extrémité libre est reliée à un quatrième flotteur, et
2. 2) ladite tour est remorquée en mer en position horizontale par un navire de pose, ladite tour flottant en surface grâce à ses dits deuxièmes flotteurs, et
3. 3) on installe un corps mort à l'extrémité inférieure de ladite tour et,
4. 4) on cabane ladite tour dont on connecte l'extrémité inférieure au niveau de ladite embase, et ledit quatrième flotteur relié à l'extrémité libre desdites conduites flexibles à flottabilité positive étant immergé en subsurface et décalé latéralement par rapport à l'axe Z₁Z₁ de ladite tour de manière à ce que lesdites conduites flexibles à flottabilités positives adoptent une dite position en S, et
5. 5) ultérieurement, on déconnecte les extrémités conduites flexibles à flottabilités positives pour les connecter audit support flottant au niveau d'un dit touret, et
6. 6) simultanément ou ultérieurement, on réalise la connexion des extrémités inférieures des risers avec les extrémités des conduites reposant au fond de la mer.

The present invention also provides a method of towing at sea a said multi-riser tower and setting up an installation according to the invention comprising the following successive steps in which:

1. 1) prefabricated on the ground a said tower connected at the head to said flexible lines with positive buoyancy whose free end is connected to a fourth float, and
2. 2) said tower is towed at sea in a horizontal position by a laying ship, said tower floating on the surface thanks to said so-called second floats, and
3. 3) a dead body is installed at the lower end of said tower and,
4. 4) hut said tower which is connected to the lower end at said base, and said fourth float connected to the free end of said flexible pipes with positive buoyancy being immersed in the subsurface and offset laterally with respect to the axis Z ₁ Z ₁ of said tower so that said flexible pipes with positive buoyancy adopt a said position in S, and
5. 5) at a later time, the positive-buoyant flexible pipe ends are disconnected to connect them to said floating support at a said reel, and
6. 6) simultaneously or later, the lower ends of the risers are connected to the ends of the pipes lying at the bottom of the sea.

According to another aspect more particular, the subject of the present invention is a method for operating a petroleum field using at least one installation according to the invention in which fluids are transferred between underwater lines resting at bottom of the sea and a floating support, fluids comprising oil, preferably a plurality of said hybrid towers, in particular from 3 to 20 said turns connected to the same floating support.

In known manner, to connect together the various lines are used connection elements, including the type automatic connectors, comprising the lock between a male part and a complementary female part, this lock being designed to be very simply at the bottom of the sea using a ROV, robot controlled from the surface, without requiring direct manual intervention of personnel.

• La figure 1 est une vue de côté d'une installation de liaison fond-surface de type tour hybride 2 selon l'invention, entre le fond de la mer 5 et un support flottant 1 du type FPSO ancré sur touret 1a, le pied de la tour multi-risers 3 étant articulé 6a par rapport à la fondation 5a,
• La figure 2 est une variante de la figure 1 dans laquelle le pied de la tour est encastré dans la fondation 5a à l'aide d'une pièce de jonction et de transition d'inertie 6b,
• La figure 3 est une vue de côté en arraché de la portion sensiblement verticale de la tour constituée de conduites rigides ou risers 10 et du tendon 6, détaillant les divers composants la constituant, à savoir les extrémités supérieures 10a-10b des risers 10 au-dessus de la structure porteuse supérieure 3a, des modules de guidage 20 et des deuxièmes flotteurs 11 des risers 10 et troisièmes flotteurs 21 du tendon 6,
• La figure 3A est une coupe transversale de l'une des conduites rigides 10 détaillant l'assemblage des demi-coquilles 11a assurant l'isolation ainsi que la flottabilité sous forme de manchon 11,
• La figure 3B est une coupe transversale selon le plan AA de la figure 3 détaillant le positionnement de quatre conduites rigides ou risers 10 isolées 11 installées autour d'un tendon central 6 assurant la liaison avec la fondation 5a,
• La figure 3C est une coupe transversale similaire à la figure 3A, dans laquelle une conduite de faible diamètre 10-1 destinée à de l'injection de gaz est positionnée en contact avec la conduite rigide principale 10, tout le long de cette dernière, les deux demi-coquilles 11a-11b formant un manchon d'isolation commun de l'ensemble des deux conduites 10 et 10-1,
• La figure 3D est une vue de côté d'un module de guidage avec un élément de guidage 20a en coupe verticale montrant le deuxième flotteur 11 apte à coulisser dedans l'orifice formé par l'élément de guidage 20a,
• La figure 4A est une vue en coupe horizontale d'une tour multi-risers au niveau d'un module de guidage 20, ci-après aussi dénommé « diaphragme », jouant le rôle d'élément centraliseur et d'élément de guidage de 5 conduites rigides isolées 10,
• Les figues 4B et 4C sont des vues en perspective d'une portion de tour multi-risers sans enveloppe externe (figure 4B) et avec enveloppe externe 22 (figure 4C),
• La figure 5A est une vue de côté détaillant le remorquage sur site, le cabanage et l'installation d'une tour avec conduites flexibles,
• La figure 5B est une vue de côté d'une liaison fond-surface selon l'invention en partie préinstallée sur site avant la mise en place d'un FPSO, les conduites flexibles 4 étant maintenues en sub-surface au moyen de flotteurs 7a et de câbles 7b reliés à des corps-morts 7c,
• La figure 6 est une vue en plan d'un FPSO ancré sur touret et relié à 4 tours 2, 2-1 à 2-4, une cinquième tour 2-5 ayant été préinstallée mais non raccordée au FPSO par des conduites flexibles 4.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent in the light of the detailed description which follows, with reference to the following figures in which:

• The figure 1 is a side view of a hybrid tower type 2 bottom-surface connection installation according to the invention, between the bottom of the sea 5 and a floating support 1 of the FPSO type anchored on the drum 1a, the foot of the multi-tower -risers 3 being articulated 6a with respect to the foundation 5a,
• The figure 2 is a variant of the figure 1 in which the foot of the tower is embedded in the foundation 5a using a junction and inertia transition part 6b,
• The figure 3 is a torn side view of the substantially vertical portion of the tower consisting of rigid pipes or risers 10 and tendon 6, detailing the various components constituting it, namely the upper ends 10a-10b risers 10 above the upper supporting structure 3a, guide modules 20 and second floats 11 risers 10 and third floats 21 tendon 6,
• The figure 3A is a cross-section of one of the rigid pipes 10 detailing the assembly of the half-shells 11a ensuring the insulation as well as the buoyancy in the form of a sleeve 11,
• The figure 3B is a cross section according to the AA plan of the figure 3 detailing the positioning of four rigid pipes or risers 10 isolated 11 installed around a central tendon 6 providing the connection with the foundation 5a,
• The figure 3C is a cross-section similar to the figure 3A , in which a small diameter pipe 10-1 for gas injection is positioned in contact with the main rigid pipe 10, all along the latter, the two half-shells 11a-11b forming a sleeve of common insulation of all the two lines 10 and 10-1,
• The 3D figure is a side view of a guide module with a guide member 20a in vertical section showing the second float 11 adapted to slide in the orifice formed by the guide member 20a,
• The Figure 4A is a horizontal sectional view of a multi-riser tower at a guide module 20, hereinafter also referred to as "diaphragm", acting as centralizing element and guide element for 5 rigid pipes isolated 10
• Figs 4B and 4C are perspective views of a multi-riser tower portion without an outer shell ( Figure 4B ) and with outer casing 22 ( figure 4C )
• The Figure 5A is a side view detailing on-site towing, cabanage and installation of a tower with flexible pipes,
• The Figure 5B is a side view of a bottom-surface connection according to the invention partially pre-installed on site before the introduction of an FPSO, the flexible pipes 4 being maintained in a sub-surface by means of floats 7a and cables 7b connected to mooring 7c,
• The figure 6 is a plan view of an FPSO anchored on a drum and connected at 4 turns 2, 2-1 to 2-4, a fifth tower 2-5 having been preinstalled but not connected to the FPSO by flexible pipes 4.

On the figure 1 FIG. 4 shows a floating support 1 of the FPSO type anchored on a drum 1b by lines of anchors 1b, said drum being situated beyond the bow of the FPSO and connected to a bottom-surface connection of type hybrid tower 2 comprising 4 flexible pipes 4, 4a-4b and a multi-riser tower 3. The said flexible pipes 4 are connected to the top of the tower 3, each flexible pipe 4 being respectively connected to each of the rigid pipes 10 of said tower multi-risers 3, as will be explained in detail further in the description of the invention below.

Two first flexible pipes 4a, 4a1-4a2 have on a portion 4-3 of their length floats 4-5 which give it a positive buoyancy, thus ensuring a continuity of curvature variation, directed downwards or bottom 5, until at its connection with the upper end 10a of a substantially straight rigid pipe 10 of the tower, the radius of curvature is substantially infinite, that is to say that its curvature is substantially zero. The first portion 4-4 of the first flexible pipe 4a between the drum and the part 4-3 is free of floats and therefore has an apparent weight in the water and its overall curvature has a concavity directed upwards in the form of a plunging chain . The first portion 4-4 and the end portion 4-3 of first flexible lines 4a are separated by an inflection point 4-6, that is to say a change in the curvature of the pipe 4a, the end portion 4 -3 with positive buoyancy having a curved shape with convexity directed towards the surface 1c. The assembly of the first flexible pipe thus has an S configuration.

Two second flexible pipes 4b, 4b1-4b2 of smaller Each diameter is connected to a connection device of gooseneck type 4c ("gooseneck" in English), the latter being connected to the upper end of a corresponding rigid pipe 10 of the tower 3. The curvature of the second flexible pipes 4b is concavity upwards in a plunging chain from its connection point 4-1 with the drum to its connection point 4-2 with the gooseneck 4c.

The horizontal forces generated by the flexible pipes in chain configuration apply to the top of the tower 3 and tilt an angle Y 'relative to the vertical.

On the figure 1 the bottom of the tower 3 is connected to a suction anchor type foundation 5a driven into the seabed 5, via a flexible hinge 6a integral with the lower end of the tendon 6 located at the Z axis ₁ Z ₁ of the tower 3 and taking up all the upward vertical forces created by the various buoyancy elements 11 and 21 integrated in the tower as will be explained further in the detailed description of the invention herein. after.

On the figure 2 the lower end of the axial tendon 6 of the tower 3 is connected to the foundation 5a via a variable inertia junction part 6b, of increasing inertia towards said foundation, this joining piece 6b being integral with a rod 6c driven into said foundation 5a. This results in an embedding of the axial tendon 6 of the tower 3 in its foundation 5a, thus avoiding having to implement a flexible hinge 6a extremely expensive as has been described with reference to the figure 1 . Indeed, in the case of towers for very great depths, that is to say 2000-2500 m or more, and comprising a large number of rigid pipes 10, the vertical forces that must support such connecting pieces 6b or flexible hinge 6a without any mechanical failure during the lifetime of the facilities, that is, 20-25 years or more, are considerable and can reach and exceed 800 to 1000 tons or more. Thus, the variable inertia junction part 6b is much more reliable because there is a single component and therefore no relative movement between several components as is the case for a flexible mechanical joint 6a. In addition, the latter is very delicate and much more expensive to manufacture to achieve the same level of reliability. Such a variable inertia junction part 6b is detailed in the patents WO 2009/138609 and WO 2009/138610 of the plaintiff.

On the figures 1 and 2 said tendon 6 and said upper support structure 3a are not suspended from a submerged submerged float. Thus said tendon 6 may be located at a distance from the vertical axis of the drum (ZZ) less than the distance between said axis of the drum and the end furthest from said floating support, that is to say at the inside the avoidance zone of the ship and this without risk to the ship.

On the figures 1 and 2 , a multi-curvature connecting pipe 13 ensures the connection by connectors 8 and 9 between the bent lower end 10c of the pipe 10 and a pipe 12 resting at the bottom of the sea joining the wellheads, known to man art.

On the figure 3 the constitution of the tower 3 proper has been illustrated in side view and partly torn off. It consists of an upper supporting structure forming an upper platform 3a to which are fixed a plurality of rigid pipes 10 extending over the entire height of said tower, each of the upper ends of said pipes comprises a connecting flange 10a extending above the carrier structure 3a so as to be connected respectively to a flange at the end 4-2 of the corresponding first flexible pipe 4a, 4a1-4a2. In order to avoid interferences between two first flexible conduits 4a1-4a2 adjacent in the connection area with the tower and over their entire length, each of the flanges 10a, from left to right is shifted upwards respectively of increasing values h1 -h2-h3 compared to the platform 3a as illustrated on this figure 3 . Advantageously, the values of h1-h2-h3 depend on the type and number of first flexible pipes and are such that the values h3-h2 and h2-h1 are between 2 m and 10 m, preferably 3 to 6 m.

As illustrated on the figure 3A each of the rigid pipes 10 is surrounded by tubular sleeves 11, preferably made up of semi-cylindrical half-shells 11a assembled together, so as to constitute not only an insulation of the pipe, but also a buoyancy which compensates for the self-weight of the current conduct. These sleeves 11 are installed continuously from the top of the rigid pipe, at the level of the upper flange 10a to the foot of the tower 3, at the end of the pipe 10 equipped with the male part of a connector automatic 8a. The bent lower portion 10c and the upper portion 10b between the upper platform 3a and the flange 10a of the rigid pipe 10, are also equipped with insulation sleeves and buoyancy, not shown, similar to the sleeves 11 described above.

Each of the sleeves 11 is mechanically fixed to its rigid pipe 10 rigidly, by means not shown, so that said sleeve does not slide axially on said pipe 10. Thus, if the buoyancy of the sleeve corresponds exactly to the weight in the water of the pipe portion 10 it covers, then every meter of pipe with its sleeve has a zero weight in water. Advantageously, the linear buoyancy of all the sleeves 11 corresponds to 102 to 115%, preferably from 103 to 106%, of the weight of the entire pipe 10 immersed in water and filled with water. Thus, the dead weight of the pipe 10 filled with water is compensated along said pipe 10 and a residual buoyancy then applies on the underside of the upper platform 3a corresponding to 2 to 15%, preferably 3 to 6% of the self weight of the pipe filled with water in the water. This buoyancy is transmitted to the upper platform 3a via the pipe 10, integral with said platform 3a. As a result, said pipe 10 is in a compression state in the upper part close to said upper platform 3a. When the pipe 10 is filled with hydrocarbon, generally of density 0.8 to 0.9, the force transmitted to the upper platform 3a increases by the same amount and the portion of line 10 under compressive stress also increases. In addition, the compression stress in the area near said upper platform 3a also increases in the same proportions. Similarly, in case of arrival from the wells of a large gas pocket, the interior of the vertical pipe 10 can be found completely filled with gas, thus empty of hydrocarbon. The pipe 10 is then completely light and the upper portion of pipe 10 under compressive stress is then maximum, and the compressive stress in the area near said upper platform 3a is also maximum. Thus, a portion of 15 to 40% of the length of the vertical rigid pipe 10 may end up, when it is filled with gas, under axial compression stress, which creates a significant risk of lateral buckling (lateral buckling). in English). To avoid this dreaded phenomenon, guiding modules 20 consisting of a rigid structure comprising a central element 20b integral with the central tendon 6 and a plurality of guide elements 20a guiding and maintaining the vertical pipes 10 of the turn 3 at a constant distance from the central tendon 6, and thus substantially in a straight line. The guide elements 20a are distributed in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis Z ₁ Z ₁ of the tower 3, and are arranged all around said central tendon 6, preferably at a constant distance from said central tendon and connected to the element 20 b by arms or structural members 20c, preferably made of steel, the assembly thus constituting a diaphragm for guiding the pipes 10 insulated by the sleeves 11. Said guide element 20a forms a tubular orifice, preferably having a circular cross-section, whose inner diameter is slightly greater than the outer diameter of the buoyancy sleeves 11 of the corresponding rigid pipe 10. In this way, the pipe 10 isolated by the sleeves 11, is free to slide freely over the entire height below the upper platform 3a, under the effects of temperature, pressure or reduction in length due to compression (full driving - empty driving). All these variations in the length of the pipes 10 then reverberate at the low level of the tower and generate movements which are absorbed by said pipes. junction 13 with multiple curvature. Thus, because each of the rigid pipes 10 is suspended from the upper platform 3a, it can extend or retract individually without changing the behavior of the rigid pipes 10 neighbors.

These guide modules or diaphragms 20 are arranged over the entire height of the tower 3, preferably at constant intervals H, but may advantageously be arranged more closely together in the upper part so as to avoid the phenomena of buckling previously described. Thus, on a tower 1600 m in height, the guide modules 20 are advantageously spaced 5 to 7.5 m over a height of 150 m from the upper platform 3a, then from 10 m over the next 300 m, and finally from 15 m on the rest of the height, to the foot of the tower.

The central tendon 6 is itself provided with buoyancy elements or third floats 21 over its entire height. On the figure 3 , for a better understanding of the figure, there is shown a single floating element 21 between two guiding modules 20. The buoyancy of each of the elements 21 is adjusted to compensate for the self weight in the water of the tendon 6 itself, as well as the proportion of corresponding guiding module self weight. Thus, the buoyancy element 21 as drawn on the figure 3 compensates for the weight in the water of the height H of the tendon 6 as well as the weight in the water of a complete guide module 20.

The second flexible pipes 4b are lighter than the first pipes 4a and their weight can be taken up by the upper platform 3a. It is the same gooseneck 4c and various structural elements not shown. However, buoyancy elements, not shown, can compensate for the self-weight of all second conduits 4b of said flexible conduits, their respective gooseneck devices and the self weight of said upper platform 3a, all can represent several tens of tons in total.

Advantageously, the second flexible pipes 4b will be of smaller diameter and lower weight in the water than the first pipes 4a, so as not to unnecessarily increase the additional buoyancy required at the upper platform 3a. In addition, the first flexible pipes 4a heavier or larger diameter have their own buoyancy 4-5 on a part 4-3 of their length, as explained above.

Thus, the vertical tension exerted on the foundation 5a substantially corresponds to the resultant of the forces directed upwards at the upper platform 3a, therefore to the sum of all the vertical forces directed upwards of each of the rigid pipes 10, which they are full of water, crude oil, or gas, as previously described.

When all the pipes 10 are in production, that is to say normally solid, the tension on the foundation is minimal, but as soon as some are accidentally filled with gas under pressure or at atmospheric pressure, this tension increases significantly . In the unlikely event that all of the production lines 10 are gas, the tension exerted on the foundation 5a is then doubled or even quadrupled, for example from 100-150 tons in normal operation to 400-800 tons or even more in extreme configuration, base on which the regulations and the oil operators require that the installations are dimensioned. It thus appears that a transition piece with variable inertia 6b requires only an extra material, usually steel or titanium, and its complexity is not really changed. On the other hand, a mechanical joint 6a that is very delicate and expensive to manufacture has its cost considerably increased because it must be over-sized for extreme efforts that in fact will never occur, but which, on a safety level, are considered to be necessary. the maximum value of the efforts to be taken into account, apart from the usual safety factors.

• la position et la liaison en 20d, par exemple par soudure, des éléments de guidage 20a autour de l'élément central 20b du module 20, et
• la position des éléments d'isolation 11 des conduites 10 à l'intérieur des orifices tubulaires des éléments de guidage 20a,
• la solidarisation en 20c, par exemple par soudure, dudit élément central 20b du module 20 au tendon central 6.

The Figure 4A is a sectional view from below according to the AA plan of the figure 3 a guide module 20, detailing:

• the position and the connection at 20d, for example by welding, of the guide elements 20a around the central element 20b of the module 20, and
• the position of the insulating elements 11 of the pipes 10 inside the tubular orifices of the guide elements 20a,
• the joining at 20c, for example by welding, of said central element 20b of the module 20 to the central tendon 6.

Five ducts 10 are thus represented, of which three simple ducts according to the figure 3A and two pipes in piggyback, according to the figure 3C , a small pipe 10-1 being a gas injection pipe in the corresponding large pipe 10, the injection mode, known to those skilled in the art, being performed at the bottom of the tower and serves to accelerate the speed crude oil to the FPSO.

The Figure 4B is a perspective view of a tower 3 whose cross section corresponds to the Figure 4A illustrating three guiding modules 20 and five ducts 10 equipped with their insulating and buoyant elements or first floats 11.

In the figure 4C an outer casing 22 with a circular cross-section made of composite or plastic material, preferably of polyethylene or polypropylene, constitutes a hydrodynamic rigid protection screen making it possible, on the one hand, to reduce the forces generated on the tower 3 by the current, and the case where appropriate by the swell in the upper portion of said tower. These screens 22 are advantageously manufactured in two half-shells and have a length substantially corresponding to the distance H between said two said guide modules 20. They are then assembled directly between two modules 20 and mechanically fixed thereto. In addition, these screens 22 confine the internal volume 23 between said two guiding modules 20 and said outer casing 22, thus limiting the thermal transfers with the environment 24 and reduce the thermal losses at the insulation sleeves. 11 By thus confining the interior 23 with respect to the exterior 24, the temperature t ₁ inside 23 will always be greater than the temperature t ₀ outside 24. This results in a differential of lower temperature between the pipes 10 and the inside 23, and therefore significantly reduced heat losses.

The figure 6 is a top view of an FPSO 1 anchored on the drum 1a and connected to four hybrid towers 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, by a plurality of flexible pipes 4a. A fifth multi-riser 3-5 tower has been pre-installed, but will only be connected later when extending the oil field. On the multi-riser towers 3-1, 3-2, the four rigid pipes 10 are connected on the one hand to the FPSO 1 by four first flexible pipes 4a, and on the other hand, at the bottom of the tower, to four rigid pipes. 12 on the seabed. On the tower 3-3, only two rigid pipes 10 are connected to the FPSO by two flexible pipes 4a and rigid pipes 12 resting on the bottom, two pipes 10 being waiting for connection to Wellheads, as well as the FPSO. Similarly, the tower 3-4 has only three rigid pipes 10 connected to the FPSO by 3 flexible pipes 4a and rigid pipes 12 resting on the bottom.

Such a fan installation makes it possible to install at least a portion of the multi-riser towers 3 in the avoidance zone of the floating support 1 in order to increase the number of hybrid type 2 surface-type links and to reduce the length flexible pipes 4.

• un dit support flottant comprenant un touret (1a) comprenant une cavité au sein d'une structure déportée à l'avant du support flottant ou intégrée dans ou dessous la coque du support flottant, de préférence ladite cavité traversant la coque du support flottant sur toute sa hauteur, et
• au moins une tour du type hybride (2), notamment de 3 à 20, comprenant :
  1. a) une tour multi-risers (3) comprenant :
     • a.1) un tendon vertical (6) solidaire à son extrémité supérieure d'une structure porteuse supérieure (3a), ledit tendon étant fixé à son extrémité inférieure à une embase reposant au fond de la mer ou une ancre, de préférence du type ancre à succion (5a), enfoncée au fond de la mer, ledit tendon (6) et ladite structure porteuse supérieure (3a) n'étant pas suspendus à un flotteur immergé en subsurface, et ledit tendon étant situé à une distance de l'axe vertical du touret (ZZ) inférieure à la distance entre ledit axe du touret et l'extrémité la plus éloignée dudit support flottant, et
     • a.2) une pluralité de conduites rigides verticales (10) dénommées risers, notamment de 2 à 8 conduites rigides, l'extrémité supérieure (10a) de chaque riser s'étendant au-dessus de ladite structure porteuse (3a), solidaire de celle-ci, l'extrémité inférieure (10b) de chaque dit riser étant reliée ou apte à être reliée à une conduite sous-marine (12) reposant au fond de la mer, et desdits risers étant équipés de deuxièmes flotteurs (11) coaxiaux périphériques entourant lesdits risers et solidaires desdits risers, lesdits deuxièmes flotteurs coaxiaux étant répartis, de préférence continument, sur au moins une partie supérieure d'au moins 50% de la longueur desdits risers au-dessous et à partir de ladite structure porteuse supérieure, de préférence sur la longueur totale desdits risers, lesdits deuxièmes flotteurs coaxiaux associés à un riser compensant au moins le poids total dudit riser plein d'eau, et en tout état de cause l'ensemble desdits deuxièmes flotteurs coaxiaux compensant au moins le poids total desdits risers plein d'eau,
     • a.3) une pluralité de modules de guidage (20) desdits risers, lesdits modules de guidage étant aptes à maintenir lesdits risers disposés autour dudit tendon à une distance sensiblement constante, de préférence régulièrement et symétriquement répartis autour dudit tendon, lesdits modules de guidage (20) étant solidaires dudit tendon et aptes à coulisser le long desdits deuxièmes flotteurs (11) desdits risers, lesdits modules de guidage étant espacés et répartis, sur au moins une dite partie supérieure d'au moins 50% de la longueur dudit tendon au-dessous et à partir de ladite structure porteuse supérieure, de préférence sur la longueur totale dudit tendon, et
  2. b) une pluralité de conduites flexibles (4a-4b, 4a1-4a2, 4b1-4b2) s'étendant depuis ledit touret auquel leurs extrémités supérieures (4-1) sont reliées, jusqu'aux extrémités supérieures (10a) d'une respectivement pluralité de conduites rigides (10) auxquelles les autres extrémités (4-2) desdites conduites flexibles sont reliées, dont au moins deux conduites flexibles, ci-après dénommée premières conduites flexibles, comprennent chacune une partie terminale (4-3) de la conduite flexible, du côté de sa jonction à l'extrémité supérieure dudit riser, équipée de flotteurs dénommés premier flotteur (4-5) lui conférant une flottabilité positive, et au moins la partie supérieure dudit riser vertical est équipée de flotteurs dénommés deuxièmes flotteurs (11) lui conférant une flottabilité positive, de sorte que les flottabilités positives de ladite partie terminale (4-3) de la première conduite flexible et de ladite partie supérieure dudit riser vertical (9) permettent le tensionnement desdits risers en position sensiblement verticale et l'alignement ou la continuité de courbure entre de l'extrémité (4-2) de ladite partie terminale à flottabilité positive (4-3) de ladite première conduite flexible et la partie supérieure dudit riser vertical au niveau de leur raccordement, ladite partie terminale (4-3) de première conduite flexible (4), s'étendant sur une partie de 30 à 60% seulement de la longueur totale de la première conduite flexible de telle sorte que ladite première conduite flexible (4a) présente une configuration en S, avec une première portion (4-4) de première conduite flexible du coté dudit support flottant (1) présentant une courbure concave en forme de chaînette plongeante et ladite partie terminale (4-3) restante de ladite première conduite flexible (4a) présentant une courbure convexe en forme de chaînette inversée de par sa flottabilité positive, les au moins deux dites premières conduites flexibles à flottabilité positive (4a, 4a1-4a2) dont les extrémités (4-2) sont fixées respectivement à deux extrémités supérieures (10a) de deux dits risers (10), les deux extrémités supérieures (10a) des deux risers arrivant au-dessus de ladite structure porteuse supérieure (3a) à des hauteurs différentes (h1, h2, h3) de sorte que lesdites premières conduites flexibles soient positionnées à des hauteurs différentes les unes (4a1) par rapport aux autres (4a2).

On the Figures 1 to 6 , the bottom-surface connection facility between a plurality of submarine pipes (12) resting at the bottom of the sea (5) and a floating support (1) surface (1c) and anchored (1b) at the bottom of the sea, includes:

• a said floating support comprising a drum (1a) comprising a cavity within a structure offset at the front of the floating support or integrated in or below the hull of the floating support, preferably said cavity passing through the hull of the floating support on any its height, and
• at least one tower of the hybrid type (2), in particular from 3 to 20, comprising:
  1. a) a multi-riser tower (3) comprising:
     • a.1) a vertical tendon (6) integral at its upper end with an upper supporting structure (3a), said tendon being fixed at its lower end to a base resting at the bottom of the sea or an anchor, preferably of the type suction anchor (5a), sunken to the bottom of the sea, said tendon (6) and said upper support structure (3a) not being suspended from a submerged submerged float, and said tendon being located at a distance from the vertical axis of the reel (ZZ) less than the distance between said reel axis and the end furthest from said floating support, and
     • a.2) a plurality of vertical rigid pipes (10) called risers, in particular from 2 to 8 rigid pipes, the upper end (10a) of each riser extending above said supporting structure (3a), integral with this one, the lower end (10b) of each said riser being connected or adapted to be connected to an underwater pipe (12) resting at the bottom of the sea, and said risers being equipped with second floats (11) coaxial peripherals surrounding said risers and integral with said risers, said second coaxial floats being distributed, preferably continuously, over at least an upper portion of at least 50% of the length of said risers below and from said upper carrier structure, preferably on the total length of said risers, said second coaxial floats associated with a riser compensating for at least the total weight of said riser full of water, and in any case all of said second my coaxial floats compensating for at least the total weight of said risers full of water,
     • a.3) a plurality of guide modules (20) of said risers, said guide modules being able to maintain said risers arranged around said tendon at a substantially constant distance, preferably regularly and symmetrically distributed around said tendon, said guide modules (20) being integral with said tendon and slidable along said second floats (11) of said risers, said guiding modules being spaced apart and distributed over at least one said upper part by at least 50% of the length of said tendon below and from said upper bearing structure, preferably over the total length of said tendon, and
  2. b) a plurality of flexible pipes (4a-4b, 4a1-4a2, 4b1-4b2) extending from said drum to which their upper ends (4-1) are connected, to the upper ends (10a) of respectively plurality of rigid pipes (10) to which the other ends (4-2) of said flexible pipes are connected, of which at least two flexible pipes, hereinafter referred to as first flexible pipes, each comprise an end portion (4-3) of the pipe flexible, on the side of its junction at the upper end of said riser, equipped with floats called first float (4-5) giving it a positive buoyancy, and at least the upper part of said vertical riser is equipped with floats called second floats (11). ) giving it a positive buoyancy, so that the positive buoyancy of said end portion (4-3) of the first flexible pipe and said upper portion of said vertical riser (9) allow the tensioning of said risers in a substantially vertical position and the alignment or continuity of curvature between the end (4-2) of said positive buoyant end portion (4-3) of said first flexible pipe and the upper part of said vertical riser at their connection, said end portion (4-3) of first flexible pipe (4), extending over a portion of only 30 to 60% of the total length of the first flexible pipe of such so that said first flexible pipe (4a) has an S-shaped configuration, with a first portion (4-4) of first flexible pipe on the side of said floating support (1) having a concave curvature in the form of a plunging chain and said end portion ( 4-3) of said first flexible pipe (4a) having a convex curvature in the form of a chain inverted by its positive buoyancy, the at least two said first flexible pipes. the positive buoyancy (4a, 4a1-4a2) whose ends (4-2) are respectively fixed at two upper ends (10a) of said two risers (10), the two upper ends (10a) of the two risers arriving at- above of said upper support structure (3a) at different heights (h1, h2, h3) so that said first flexible pipes are positioned at different heights (4a1) relative to each other (4a2).

• on préfabrique à terre la tour 3, les conduites 10 sont remplies soit d'eau, soit d'air, puis on lance la tour 3 à la mer,
• on remorque la tour en flottaison sur site avec au moins un navire de tête 31, les conduites 10 partiellement ou totalement remplies d'air donnent à la tour une flottabilité largement positive,
• sur site, la tour étant en position horizontale 33a, on remplit d'eau de mer tout ou partie des conduites 10 et, le cas échéant, on installe un corps-mort 32 à l'extrémité inférieure de la tour. Un premier câble 32a relie ladite extrémité inférieure de la tour à un treuil situé sur le navire 30, de même un second câble 32b relie cette même extrémité à un treuil situé sur un deuxième navire 31.
• on contrôle le cabanage 33b de la tour en contrôlant la longueur des câbles 32a et 32b, puis on solidarise la tour à sa fondation 5a,
• après déconnexion des câbles, la tour telle que décrite précédemment avec ses conduites pleines d'eau de mer et avec l'ensemble de ses éléments de flottabilité présente une flottabilité positive et reste naturellement en position verticale 33c,
• le cas échéant (figure 5B) on connecte ensuite les extrémités 4-1 des conduites flexibles que l'on met en attente sur une bouée 7a reliée à un corps-mort 7c par un câble 7b.

On the Figure 5A there is shown in side view the process of installation on site of the tower with flexible pipes in which:

• prefabricated on the ground tower 3, the pipes 10 are filled with either water or air, then launch Tower 3 to the sea,
• the tower is floated on site with at least one leading vessel 31, the pipes 10 partially or totally filled with air give the tower a largely positive buoyancy,
• on site, the tower being in a horizontal position 33a, all or part of the pipes 10 are filled with sea water and, if necessary, a mooring body 32 is installed at the lower end of the tower. A first cable 32a connects said lower end of the tower to a winch located on the ship 30, likewise a second cable 32b connects the same end to a winch located on a second vessel 31.
• we control the cabanage 33b of the tower by controlling the length of the cables 32a and 32b, then the tower is secured to its foundation 5a,
• after disconnection of the cables, the tower as described above with its lines full of seawater and with all of its buoyancy elements has a positive buoyancy and naturally remains in a vertical position 33c,
• where appropriate ( Figure 5B ) The ends 4-1 are then connected flexible pipes that are put on hold on a buoy 7a connected to a dead body 7c by a cable 7b.

On the Figure 5B shown in side view the tower 2 preinstalled before the introduction of the FPSO, the various hoses are temporarily connected to floats 7a connected by cables 7b to mooring 7c resting on the seabed 5.

Claims (15)

1. A bottom-to-surface connection installation between a plurality of undersea pipes (12) resting on the sea bottom (5) and a floating support (1) at the surface (1c) and anchored (1b) to the bottom of the sea, the installation comprising:

   • a said floating support including a turret (1a) ; and

   • at least one hybrid type tower (2) comprising:

   a) a multi-riser tower (3) comprising:

   a.1) a vertical tension leg (6) secured at its top end to a top carrier structure (3a), said tension leg being fastened at its bottom end to a base resting on the sea bottom or to an anchor, preferably of the suction anchor type (5a), pressed into the sea bottom;

   a.2) a plurality of vertical rigid pipes (10) referred to as "risers", the top end (10a) of each riser being secured to said carrier structure (3a), the bottom end (10b) of each said riser being connected to or being suitable for being connected to an undersea pipe (12) resting on the sea bottom; and

   a.3) a plurality of guide means (20) suitable for maintaining said risers arranged around a said tension leg at a distance that is substantially constant, and preferably regularly and symmetrically distributed around said tension leg; and

   b) a plurality of flexible pipes (4a-4b, 4a1-4a2, 4b1-4b2) extending from said turret to the respective top ends (10a) of a plurality of rigid pipes (10), with at least one flexible pipe, referred to below as a "first" flexible pipe, having a terminal portion (4-3) of the flexible pipe adjacent to its junction with the top end of said riser that is fitted with floats referred to as "first" floats (4-5) imparting positive buoyancy thereto, and at least a top portion of said vertical riser is fitted with floats (11) referred to as "second" floats imparting positive buoyancy thereto, such that the positive buoyancies of said terminal portion (4-3) of the first flexible pipe and of the top portion of said vertical riser (9) serve to enable said risers to be tensioned in a substantially vertical position and enable the end (4-2) of said first terminal portion with positive buoyancy (4-3) of said first flexible pipe to be in alignment with or in continuity of curvature with the top portion of said vertical riser where they are connected together;

   said installation being characterized in that at least one said hybrid tower (2) comprises:

   • at least two said first flexible pipes (4a, 4a1-4a2) with positive buoyancy having their ends (4-2) fastened respectively to two top ends (10a) of two said risers (10), the two top ends (10a) of the two risers extending above said top carrier structure (3a) at different heights (h1, h2, h3) in such a manner that said first flexible pipes are positioned at different heights relative to one another (4a1, 4a2) ;

   • said risers fitted with peripheral coaxial second floats (11) surrounding said risers and secured to said risers, said coaxial second floats being distributed, preferably continuously, over at least a top portion of at least 25% of the length of said risers beneath and starting from said top carrier structure, preferably over the length of at least 50% of the length of said risers, more preferably over at least 75% of their length, said coaxial second floats together compensating at least the total weight of said risers;

   • said guide modules (20) secured to said tension leg and suitable for sliding along said second float (11) of said risers, said guide modules being spaced apart and distributed, preferably regularly, over at least a top portion of at least 25% of the length of said tension leg beneath and starting from said top carrier structure, preferably over the length of at least 50% of the length of said tension leg, more preferably over at least 75% of its length; and

   • said tension leg (6) and said top carrier structure (3a) not being suspended to a float immersed in the subsurface, and said tension leg being situated at a distance from the vertical axis (ZZ) of the turret that is less than the distance of the furthest-away end of said floating support from said axis of the turret.
2. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the minimum height offset of the top ends of said risers to said first flexible pipes are fastened, and thus the minimum distance in height between two of said first flexible pipes arranged at different heights is at least 3 m, and preferably lies in the range 5 m to 10 m.
3. An installation according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that a said tower has two to seven rigid pipes and two to five said first flexible pipes (4a).
4. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it includes second flexible pipes (4b) of smaller diameter or smaller linear weight than said first flexible pipes, said second flexible pipes (4b) not having buoyancy elements and being connected to the top ends of said risers via connection devices, preferably of the gooseneck type (4c), said second flexible pipes being situated beneath said first flexible pipes.
5. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said tension leg is fastened at its bottom end to a said base or anchor (5a) via an inertia-transition junction part (6b) of inertia varying in such a manner that its inertia increases progressively from its top end to the bottom end of said junction part serving to embed the bottom end of said tension leg in said base or anchor (5a).
6. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it includes third floats (21) secured to said tension leg (6) at least in the spaces between said guide modules, said third floats (21) providing positive buoyancy compensating at least for the weight of said tension leg.
7. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said guide modules (20) constitute a plurality of independent rigid structures that are spaced apart by at least 5 m along at least the top portion of said tension leg, each said rigid structure having a plurality of riser-guiding tubular elements (20a) defining tubular orifices in which said risers, together with their second floats, can slide, and a central element connected to the tension leg (20b) and preferably defining a central orifice through which said tension leg passes and is secured thereto, in particular by welding (20c).
8. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said guide modules (20) are spaced apart by a distance in the range 2 m to 20 m, preferably in the range 5 m to 15 m, and are at least twenty in number, there being preferably at least fifty guide modules for a tower having a height of at least 1000 m.
9. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said first floats together provide accumulated buoyancy representing a traction force of magnitude greater than the total weight of said risers, preferably than the total weight of the tower, and representing preferably 102% to 115%, more preferably 103% to 106% of the total weight of said risers, and more preferably of the total weight of the tower.
10. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said coaxial second floats are distributed continuously over the entire length of said risers beneath and starting from said top carrier structure, and said guide modules are distributed over the entire length of said tension leg beneath and starting from said top carrier structure.
11. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said first, second, and third floats are in the form of tubular sleeves, preferably in the form of pairs of half-shells forming a tubular sleeve, made of a material that withstands undersea hydrostatic pressure, and at least said second floats, and preferably both said first floats and said second floats are made of a material that also presents thermal insulation properties.
12. A bottom-to-surface connection installation according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that said positive buoyancy of said first floats and of said first flexible pipes (4a) is distributed regularly and uniformly over the entire length of said terminal portion (4-3) of said first flexible pipe, and the buoyancy of said second floats that are distributed over at least said top portion of the rigid pipes and preferably over the entire length of said rigid pipes provides a resulting vertical thrust of 50 kg/m to 150 kg/m over the entire length of said rigid pipes, and/or said first floats (4-5) of the first flexible pipes (4a) provide positive buoyancy over a length corresponding to 30% to 60% of the total length of said first flexible pipes, and preferably about half the total length.
13. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said tower includes a cylindrical outer covering (22) of circular horizontal section made of a plastics or composite material forming a hydrodynamic rigid protective screen surrounding all of said rigid pipes and at least over a top portion of the tower.
14. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it has a plurality of said multi-riser hybrid towers (3, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5), preferably at least five towers, with their flexible pipes (4) connected or suitable for being connected to a common turret but extending in directions (YY') that are angularly offset so that said towers are arranged in a fan around said turret at distances from said turret that are identical or different, some of said towers possibly being installed in part only and not yet including flexible pipes and/or including only some of said rigid pipes capable of being extended by said flexible pipes at their top ends and/or at least some of said rigid pipes not yet being connected to said undersea pipes resting on the sea bottom at their bottom ends.
15. A method of towing a multi-riser tower (3) at sea and of putting an installation according to any one of claims 1 to 14 into place, the method being characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:

    1) prefabricating on land a said tower connected at its head to said flexible pipes with positive buoyancy (4a) and having their free ends (4-1) connected to respective fourth floats (7a) ;

    2) towing said tower at sea in a horizontal position by a laying vessel (30), said tower floating on the surface (1c) because of its said second floats (11);

    3) installing a deadman (32) to the bottom end of said tower;

    4) upsetting said tower with its bottom end connected to said base (5a) and said fourth floats connected to the free ends of said flexible pipes with positive buoyancy being immersed in the subsurface and offset laterally from the axis Z₁Z₁ of said tower in such a manner that said flexible pipes with positive buoyancy adopt an S-shaped position;

    5) subsequently disconnecting the ends (4-1) of the first flexible pipes with positive buoyancy in order to connect them to said floating support via a said turret; and

    6) simultaneously or subsequently connecting the bottom ends of the risers (10) with the ends of pipes (12) resting on the sea bottom (5).

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