Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of Fluopyram for seed treatment, for corresponding fungicides and insecticides seed dressings comprising Fluopyram, to a process for controlling phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed with Fluopyram, and also to seed which has been treated with Fluopyram.
• Fluopyram is defined to be the compound of the formula (I)
• Fluopyram is a broad spectrum fungicide with penetrant and translaminar properties for foliar, drip, drench and seed treatment applications on a wide range of different crops against many economically important plant diseases. It is very effective in preventative applications against powdery mildew species, grey mould and white mould species. It has an efficacy against many other plant diseases. Fluopyram has shown activity in spore germination, germ tube elongation and mycelium growth tests. At the biochemical level, fluopyram inhibits mitochondrial respiration by blocking the electron transport in the respiratory chain of Succinate Dehydrogenase (complex II - SDH inhibitor). Fluopyram and its manufacturing process starting from known and commercially available compounds is described in EP-A- 1 389 614 and WO 2004/016088.
• Fluopyram according to the invention as seed dressing, some phytopathogenic fungi can be controlled considerably more effectively than by spray treatment in the case of foliar application.
• the active compounds according to the invention have very good fungicidal properties and, in seed treatment, are particularly suitable for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, such as Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes. In seed treatment, the active compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable for controlling seed borne Pyrenophora species.
• Seed-borne Pyrenophora species such as, for example, P. avenae, P. graminea, P. teres, P. semeniperda, P. tritici-repentis
• the active compounds which can be used are well tolerated by plants at the concentrations required for controlling plant diseases permits a treatment of the seed. Accordingly, the active compounds according to the invention can be used as seed dressings.
• a large part of the damage to crop plants which is caused by phytopathogenic fungi occurs as early as when the seed is attacked during storage and after the seed is introduced into the soil, during and immediately after germination of the plants. This phase is particularly critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and even minor damage can lead to the death of the whole plant. Protecting the seed and the germinating plant by the use of suitable compositions is therefore of particularly great interest.
• the control of phytopathogenic fungi which damage plants post-emergence is carried out primarily by treating the soil and the above-ground parts of plants with crop protection agents. Owing to the concerns regarding a possible impact of crop protection agents on the environment and the health of man and animals, there are efforts to reduce the amount of active compounds applied.
• the control of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seeds of plants has been known for a long time and is subject-matter of continuous improvements. However, the treatment of seed frequently entails a series of problems which cannot always be solved in a satisfactory manner. Thus, it is desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant which dispense with the additional application of crop protection agents after sowing or after the emergence of the plants or where additional applications are at least reduced.
• the present invention therefore in particular also relates to a method for the protection of seed and germinating plants from attack by phytopathogenic fungi, by treating the seed with a composition according to the invention.
• the invention likewise relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for the treatment of seed for protecting the seed and the germinating plant from phytopathogenic fungi.
• the invention relates to seed which has been treated with a composition according to the invention so as to afford protection from phytopathogenic fungi.
• a composition according to the invention so as to afford protection from phytopathogenic fungi.
• One of the advantages of the present invention is that the particular systemic properties of the compositions according to the invention mean that treatment of the seed with these compositions not only protects the seed itself, but also the resulting seedlings after germination, from phytopathogenic fungi. In this manner, the immediate protection of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.
• the mixtures according to the invention can also be employed in particular in transgenic seed.
• compositions according to the invention are suitable for protecting seed of any plant variety which is employed in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture.
• this takes the form of seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, millet and oats), maize, cotton, soya beans, rice, potatoes, sunflowers, beans, coffee, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder beet), peanuts, vegetables (such as tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamental plants.
• cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, millet and oats
• maize cotton, soya beans, rice, potatoes, sunflowers, beans, coffee, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder beet)
• peanuts such as tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and lettuce
• lawns and ornamental plants such as tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and lettuce
• the composition according to the invention is applied to the seed either alone or in mixtures with other compounds (fungicides and/or insecticides and/or biological control agents) in a suitable formulation.
• the composition according to the invention applied to the seed may contain further components as fertilisers, growth promoters and/or inert carriers in a suitable formulation
• the seed is treated in a state which is stable enough to avoid damage during treatment.
• the seed may be treated at any point in time between harvest and sowing.
• the seed usually used has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits.
• the following fungicides can be used in combination with the compound according to formula (I) fluopyram: (1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example (1.1) aldimorph (1704-28-5), (1.2) azaconazole (60207-31-0), (1.3) bitertanol (55179-31-2), (1.4) bromuconazole (116255-48-2), (1.5) cyproconazole (113096-99-4), ( 1 .6) diclobutrazole (75736-33-3), ( 1 .7) difenoconazole ( 1 19446-68-3 ), ( 1 .8) diniconazole (83657-24-3), (1.9) diniconazole-M (83657-18-5), (1.10) dodemorph (1593-77-7), (1.11) - - dodemorph acetate (31717-87-0), (1.12) epoxiconazole (106325-08-0), (1.13) etaconazole (60207-93
• inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II for example (2.1) bixafen (581809-46-3), (2.2) boscalid (188425-85-6), (2.3) carboxin (5234-68-4), (2.4) diflumetorim (130339-07-0), (2.5) fenfuram (24691-80-3), (2.7) flutolanil (66332-96-5), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3), (2.9) furametpyr (123572-88-3), (2.10) furmecyclox (60568-05-0), (2.11) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1 RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1 RS,4SR,9SR) (881685-58-1 ), (2.12) isopyrazam (anti- epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.13) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9
• inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.1) ametoctradin (865318-97-4), (3.2) amisulbrom (348635-87-0), (3.3) azoxystrobin (131860-33-8), (3.4) cyazofamid (120116-88-3),
• Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division for example (4.1 ) benomyl (17804-35-2), (4.2) carbendazim (10605-21-7), (4.3) chlorfenazole (3574-96-7), (4.4) diethofencarb (87130-20-9), (4.5) - - ethaboxam (162650-77-3), (4.6) fluopicolide (2391 10-15-7), (4.7) fuberidazole (3878-19-1 ), (4.8) pencycuron (66063-05-6), (4.9) thiabendazole (148-79-8), (4.10) thiophanate-methyl (23564-05-8), (4.11) thiophanate (23564-06-9), (4.12) zoxamide (156052-68-5), (4.13) 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin- l-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine (2
• Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.1) andoprim (23951 -85-1), (7.2) blasticidin-S (2079-00-7), (7.3) cyprodinil (121552-61-2), (7.4) kasugamycin (6980-18-3), (7.5) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (19408-46-9), (7.6) mepanipyrim (110235-47-7), (7.7) pyrimethanil (53112-28-0) and (7.8) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline (861647- 32-7) (WO2005070917).
• Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.1) fentin acetate (900-95-8), (8.2) fentin chloride (639-58-7), (8.3) fentin hydroxide (76-87-9) and (8.4) silthiofam (175217-20-6).
• Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis for example (9.1 ) benthiavalicarb (177406-68-7), (9.2) dimethomorph (110488-70-5), (9.3) flumorph (21 1867-47-9), (9.4) iprovalicarb (140923-17-7), (9.5) mandipropamid (374726-62-2), (9.6) polyoxins (1 1 1 13-80-7), (9.7) polyoxorim (22976-86-9), (9.8) validamycin A (37248-47-8) and (9.9) valifenalate (283159-94-4; 283159-90-0).
• Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis for example (10.1 ) biphenyl (92-52-4), (10.2) chloroneb (2675-77-6), (10.3) dicloran (99-30-9), (10.4) edifenphos (17109-49-8), (10.5) etridiazole (2593-15-9), ( 10.6) iodocarb (55406-53-6), (10.7) iprobenfos (26087-47-8), (10.8) isoprothiolane (50512-35-1), (10.9) propamocarb (25606-41-1), (10.10) propamocarb hydrochloride (25606-41-1), (10.11) prothiocarb (19622-08-3), (10.12) pyrazophos (13457-18-6), (10.13) quintozene (82-68-8),
• Inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis for example (11.1) carpropamid (104030-54-8), (1 1.2) diclocymet (139920-32-4), (11.3) fenoxanil (115852-48-7), (11.4) phthalide (27355-22-2), (1 1.5) pyroquilon (57369-32-1), (11.6) tricyclazole (41814-78-2) and (1 1.7) 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ⁇ 3-methyl-l - [(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl ⁇ carbamate (851524-22-6) (WO2005042474).
• Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.1 ) benalaxyl (71626-11-4), (12.2) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl) (98243-83-5), (12.3) bupirimate (41483-43-6), (12.4) clozylacon (67932-85-8), (12.5) dimethirimol (5221-53-4), (12.6) ethirimol (23947-60-6), (12.7) furalaxyl (57646-30-7), (12.8) hymexazol (10004-44-1), (12.9) metalaxyl (57837-19-1), (12.10) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam) (70630-17- 0), (12.11) ofurace (58810-48-3), (12.12) oxadixyl (77732-09-3) and (12.13) oxolinic acid (14698-29-4).
• Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example ( 13.1 ) chlozolinate (84332-86-5), (13.2) fenpiclonil (74738-17-3), (13.3) fludioxonil (131341-86-1 ), (13.4) iprodione (36734-19-7), (13.5) procymidone (32809-16-8), (13.6) quinoxyfen (124495-18-7) and (13.7) vinclozolin (50471-44-8).
• fungicides to be used in combination with the compound according to formula (I) fluopyram are selected from the following list:
• Azoxystrobin Boscalid, Penflufen (N-[2-(l,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-l,3-dimethyl-lH- pyrazole-4-carboxamide), Carbendazim, Carboxin, Fenamidone, Fludioxonil, Fluopicolide, Fluxapyrad, Fluoxastrobin, Fluquinconazole, Flutriafol, Ipconazole, Iprodione, Isopyrazam, Isotianil, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Pencycuron, Penthiopyrad, Prochloraz, Prothioconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Pyrimethanil, Sedaxane, Silthiopham, Tebuconazole, Thiram, Tolylfluanid, Triadimenol, Triazoxide, Trifloxystrobin, Triflumuron, Triticonazole, N
• Azoxystrobin Boscalid, Penflufen (N-[2-(l,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-l,3-dimethyl-lH- pyrazole-4-carboxamide), Carbendazim, Fludioxonil, Fluopicolide, Fluxapyrad, Fluoxastrobin, Fluquinconazole, Ipconazole, Isopyrazam, Isotianil, Metalaxyl, Pencycuron, Penthiopyrad, Prochloraz, Prothioconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Pyrimethanil, Sedaxane, Tebuconazole, Triadimenol, Trifloxystrobin, Triticonazole, N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3- (difluoromethyl)-l -methyl
• insecticides can be used in combination with the compound according to formula (I) fluopyram:
• Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for example carbamates, e.g. Alanycarb (II-l-l), Aldicarb (II-1-2), Bendiocarb (II-1-3), Benfuracarb (II-1-4), Butocarboxim (II- 1-5), Butoxycarboxim (II- 1-6), Carbaryl (II- 1-7), Carbofuran (II- 1-8), Carbosulfan (II- 1-9), Ethiofencarb (II-1-10), Fenobucarb (II-l-l 1), Formetanate (II-1-12), Furathiocarb (II-1-13), Isoprocarb (II- 1-14), Methiocarb (II- 1-15), Methomyl (II- 1-16), Metolcarb (II- 1-17), Oxamyl (II- 1-18), Pirimicarb (II-l-l 9), Propo
• GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists for example cyclodiene organochlorines, e.g. Chlordane (II-2-1) and Endosulfan (II-2-2); or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), e.g. Ethiprole (II-2-3) and Fipronil (II-2-4).
• cyclodiene organochlorines e.g. Chlordane (II-2-1) and Endosulfan (II-2-2
• phenylpyrazoles e.g. Ethiprole (II-2-3) and Fipronil (II-2-4).
• Sodium channel modulators / voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers for example pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin (II-3-1), Allethrin (II-3-2), d-cis-trans Allethrin (II-3-3), d-trans Allethrin (II-3-4), Bifenthrin (II-3-5), Bioallethrin (II-3-6), Bioallethrin S -cyclop entenyl isomer (II-3-7), Bioresmethrin (II-3-8), Cycloprothrin (II-3-9), Cyfluthrin (II-3-10), beta-Cyfluthrin (II-3-11), Cyhalothrin (II-3-12), lambda-Cyhalothrin (II-3-13), gamma-Cyhalothrin (II-3-14), Cypermethrin (II-3- 15), alpha-Cypermethrin (II
• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists for example neonicotinoids, e.g. Acetamiprid (II-4-1), Clothianidin (II-4-2), Dinotefuran (II-4-3), Imidacloprid (II-4- 4), Nitenpyram (II-4-5), Thiacloprid ( ⁇ -4-6), and Thiamethoxam (II-4-7); or
• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators for example spinosyns, e.g. Spinetoram (II-5-1) and Spinosad (II-5-2).
• nAChR Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
• Chloride channel activators for example avermectins/milbemycins, e.g. Abamectin (II-6-1), Emamectin benzoate (II-6-2), Lepimectin (II-6-3), and Milbemectin (II-6-4).
• avermectins/milbemycins e.g. Abamectin (II-6-1), Emamectin benzoate (II-6-2), Lepimectin (II-6-3), and Milbemectin (II-6-4).
• Juvenile hormone mimics for example juvenile hormon analogues, e.g. Hydroprene (II-7-1), Kinoprene (II-7-2), and Methoprene (II-7-3); or Fenoxycarb (II-7-4); or Pyriproxyfen (II-7-5).
• Juvenile hormone mimics for example juvenile hormon analogues, e.g. Hydroprene (II-7-1), Kinoprene (II-7-2), and Methoprene (II-7-3); or Fenoxycarb (II-7-4); or Pyriproxyfen (II-7-5).
• Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors for example alkyl halides, e.g. Methyl bromide (II-8-1) and other alkyl halides; or
• Chloropicrin (II-8-2); or Sulfuryl fluoride (II-8-3); or Borax (II-8-4); or Tartar emetic (II-8-5).
• Mite growth inhibitors e.g. Clofentezine (II- 10-1), Hexythiazox (II-10-2), and Diflovidazin (11-10- 3); or
• Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (II-l l-l), Bacillus sphaericus (II-11-2), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai (II- 11-3), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (II- 11-4), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis (II- 11-5), and BT crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34/35Abl (11-11- 6).
• Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase for example Diafenthiuron (II-12-1); or organotin miticides, e.g. Azocyclotin (II- 12-2), Cyhexatin (II- 12-3), and Fenbutatin oxide (II- 12-4); or Propargite (II-12-5); or Tetradifon (II-12-6).
• organotin miticides e.g. Azocyclotin (II- 12-2), Cyhexatin (II- 12-3), and Fenbutatin oxide (II- 12-4); or Propargite (II-12-5); or Tetradifon (II-12-6).
• Uncouplers of oxidative phoshorylation via disruption of the proton gradient for example Chlorfenapyr (II-13-1), DNOC (II-13-2), and Sulfluramid (II-13-3).
• Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers for example Bensultap (II-14-1), Cartap hydrochloride (II- 14-2), Thiocyclam (II- 14-3), and Thiosultap-sodium (II- 14-4).
• Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 0, for example Bistrifluron (II- 15-1), Chlorfluazuron (11-15- 2), Diflubenzuron (II-15-3), Flucycloxuron (II-15-4), Flufenoxuron (II-15-5), Hexaflumuron (II-15-6), Lufenuron (II-15-7), Novaluron (II-15-8), Noviflumuron (II-15-9), Teflubenzuron (11-15-10), and Triflumuron (11-15-11).
• Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1, for example Buprofezin (II- 16-1).
• Moulting disruptors for example Cyromazine (II-17-1).
• Ecdysone receptor agonists for example Chromafenozide (II-18-1), Halofenozide (II-18-2), Methoxyfenozide (II-l 8-3), and Tebufenozide (II-l 8-4).
• Octopamine receptor agonists for example Amitraz (II- 19-1).
• Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors for example Hydramethylnon (11-20- 1); or Acequinocyl (II-20-2); or Fluacrypyrim (II-20-3).
• Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors for example METI acaricides, e.g. Fenazaquin (11-21 -1), Fenpyroximate (11-21 -2), Pyrimidifen (11-21 -3), Pyridaben (11-21 -4), Tebufenpyrad (11-21 -5), and Tolfenpyrad (11-21 -6); or
• METI acaricides e.g. Fenazaquin (11-21 -1), Fenpyroximate (11-21 -2), Pyrimidifen (11-21 -3), Pyridaben (11-21 -4), Tebufenpyrad (11-21 -5), and Tolfenpyrad (11-21 -6); or
• Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase for example tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. Spirodiclofen (II-23-1), Spiromesifen (II-23-2), and Spirotetramat (II-23-3).
• tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives e.g. Spirodiclofen (II-23-1), Spiromesifen (II-23-2), and Spirotetramat (II-23-3).
• Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors for example phosphines, e.g. Aluminium phosphide (II-24-1), Calcium phosphide (II-24-2), Phosphine (II-24-3), and Zinc phosphide (II-24-4); or
• phosphines e.g. Aluminium phosphide (II-24-1), Calcium phosphide (II-24-2), Phosphine (II-24-3), and Zinc phosphide (II-24-4); or
• Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors for example Cyenopyrafen (II-25-1).
• Ryanodine receptor modulators for example diamides, e.g. Chlorantraniliprole (11-28- 1) and Flubendiamide (II-28-2).
• group of diastereomers A (known from WO2010/074747, WO2010/074751), [(R)- methyl(oxido) ⁇ (lS)-l - [6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl] ethyl ⁇ ⁇ 4-sulfanylidene] cyanamide (B 1 ) (11-29-
• insecticide is selected from the group:
• the insecticides is selected from the group: 4- ⁇ [(6-brompyrid-3- yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino ⁇ furan-2(5H)-on (known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4- ⁇ [(6-fluorpyrid-3- yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino ⁇ furan-2(5H)-on (known from WO 2007/1 15644), 4- ⁇ [(2-chlor-l,3- thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino ⁇ furan-2(5H)-on (known from WO 2007/1 1 5644), 4- ⁇ [(6- chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino ⁇ furan-2(5H)-on (known from WO 2007/ 115644), 4- ⁇ [(6- chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorifluor
• Bacillus aminoglucosidicus (1.10) Bacillus aminovorans, (1.11) Bacillus amylolyticus (also known as Paenibacillus amylolyticus) (1.12) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a, or strain FZB42 (product known as Rhizo Vital ® ), or strain B3, (1.13) Bacillus aneurinolyticus , (1.14) Bacillus atrophaeus, (1.15) Bacillus azotoformans , (1.16) Bacillus badius, (1.17) Bacillus cereus (synonyms
• Bacillus chitinosporus (1 .19) Bacillus circulans, (1.20) Bacillus coagulans, (1.21) Bacillus endoparasiticus (human pathogen!), (1.22) Bacillus fastidiosus, ( 1.23) Bacillus firmus, in particular strain 1-1582 (products known as Bionem, BioNematicide), (1.24) Bacillus kurstaki, (1.25) Bacillus lacticola, (1.26) Bacillus lactimorbus, (1.27) Bacillus lactis, (1.28) Bacillus laterosporus (also known as Brevibacillus later osporus), ( 1.29) Bacillus lautus, (1.30) Bacillus - - lentimorbus, (1.31) Bacillus lentus, (1.32) Bacillus licheniformis, (1.33) Bacillus maroccanus, (1.34) Bacillus megaterium (product
• subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 products known as Taegro ®
• Bacillus thuringiensis in particular B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (products known as VectoBac ® ) or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain ABTS-1857 (products known as XenTari ® ), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (products known as Dipel ® ES) or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (products known as Novodor ® FC), or B. th. var.
• aegyptii products known as Agerin
• B. th. var. colmeri products known as TianBaoBTc
• B. th. var. darmstadiensis products known as Baciturin, Kolepterin
• B. th. var. dendrolimus products known as Dendrobacillin
• B. th. var. galleriae (products known as Enterobactin)
• B. th. var. japonensis products known as Buihunter
• B.th. subsp. Morrisoni or B. th. var. san diego, or B. th.
• Biosave (1.75) Serratia entomophila (products known as invade), (1.76) Serratia marcescens, in particularstrain SRM (MTCC8708) or strain R35, (1.77) Streptomyces candidus (products known as BioAidTM), (1.78) Streptomyces colombiensis (products known as Mycoside), (1.79) Streptomyces galbus, in particular strain K61 (products known as Mycostop ® , cf.
• Streptomyces goshikiensis products known as Safegro
• Streptomyces griseoviridis products known as Mycostop ® , cf. Microbial db of Canada
• Streptomyces lavendulae products known as Phytolavin-300
• Streptomyces lydicus in particular strain WYCD108 (products known as ActinovateSP) or strain WYEC108 (products known as Actino-iron)
• Streptomyces prasinus cf.
• AARC-0255 (products known as DiTera ), (2.27) Nomuraea rileyi, in particular strains SA86101 , GU87401, SR86151, CGI 28 and VA9101 (products known as Kongo ® ), (2.28) Ophiostoma piliferum, in particular strain D97 (products known as Sylvanex), (2.29) Paecilomyces fumosoreus, in particular strain apopka 97 (products known as PreFeRal), (2.30) Paecilomyces lilacinus, in particular spores of P. lilacinus strain 251 (products known as BioAct ® , cf.
• viride in particular mycelial fragments, conidia & chlamydospores of strain ICC080 (products known as Bioderma), (2.45) Trichoderma harmatum, (2.46) Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T.
• Trichodex ® Trichodex ®
• Trichoderma koningii Trikot-S Plus
• Trichoderma lignorum Trichoderma lignorum
• Mycobac Trichoderma polysporum, in particular strain IMI 206039, (2.50) Trichoderma virens (formerly Gliocladium virens), (products known as SoilGard), (2.51) Tsukamurella paurometabola (products known as HeberNem®), (2.52) Ulocladium oudemansii (products known as Botry-Zen), (2.53) Verticillium albo-atrum, in particular strain WCS850, (2.54) Verticillium chlamydosporium (products known as Varsha), (2.55) Verticillium dahliae (products known as Dutch Trig), and (2.56) Zoophtora radicans.
• Biological control agents that are summarized under the term “viruses” are:
• Biological control agents that are summarized under the term "entomopathogenic nematodes" are:
• Rhizobium spp. in particular Rhizobium fredii, or Rhizobium leguminosarum, or Rhizobium loti, or Rhizobium meliloti, or Rhizobium trifolii, or Rhizobium tropici, (C.6.15) Rhizopogon amylopogon, or Rhizopogon fulvigleba, or Rhizopogon luteolus, or Rhizopogon tinctorus, or Rhizopogon villosullus, or (C.6.16) Scleroderma spp., in particular Scleroderma cepa, or Scleroderma citrinum, (C6.17) Suillus spp., in particular Suillus granulates, or Suillus punctatapies and (C6.18) Streptomyces
• Harpin isolated by Erwinia amylovora, products known as Harp-N-TekTM, Messenger® , EmployTM, ProActTM).
• the biological control agents are selected from the group: (1 - 12) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a, or strain FZB42 (product known as Rhizo Vital ® ), or strain B3, (1.17) Bacillus cereus (synonyms: Bacillus endorhythmos, Bacillus medusa), in particular spores of B. cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 (cf.
• amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 products known as Taegro ®
• Bacillus thuringiensis in particular B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (products known as VectoBac ® ) or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain ABTS-1857 (products known as XenTari ® ), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD- 1 (products known as Dipel ® ES) or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (products known as Novodor ® FC), or B. th. var.
• aegyptii products known as Agerin
• B. th. var. colmeri products known as TianBaoBTc
• B. th. var. darmstadiensis products known as Baciturin, Kolepterin
• B. th. var. dendrolimus products known as Dendrobacillin
• B. th. var. galleriae (products known as Enterobactin)
• B. th. var. japonensis products known as Buihunter
• B. th. subsp. Morrisoni or B. th. var. san diego, or B. th.
• the amount of the composition according to the invention applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is chosen in such a way that the germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be borne in mind in particular in the case of active compounds which may have phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
• plants and plant parts can be treated.
• plants are meant all plants and plant populations such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and plant varieties (whether or not protectable by plant variety or plant breeder's rights).
• Cultivars and plant varieties can be plants obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods which can be assisted or supplemented by one or more biotechnological methods such as by use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers or by bioengineering and genetic engineering methods.
• plant parts are meant all above ground and below ground parts and organs of plants such as shoot, leaf, blossom and root, whereby for example leaves, needles, stems, branches, blossoms, fruiting bodies, fruits and seed as well as roots, tubers, corms and rhizomes are listed.
• Crops and vegetative and generative propagating material for example cuttings, corms, rhizomes, tubers, runners and seeds also belong to plant parts.
• major field crops like corn, soybean, cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as Brassica napus (e.g. canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (e.g.
• Ribesioidae sp. for instance pip fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, berry fruits such as strawberries
• Ribesioidae sp. Juglandaceae sp.
• Betulaceae sp. Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for instance banana trees and plantings), Rubiaceae sp.
• Theaceae sp. for instance coffee
• Theaceae sp. Sterculiceae sp.
• Rutaceae sp. for instance lemons, oranges and grapefruit
• Solanaceae sp. for instance tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant
• Liliaceae sp. Compositiae sp.
• lettuce, artichoke and chicory - including root chicory, endive or common chicory for instance Umbelliferae sp. (for instance carrot, parsley, celery and celeriac)
• Cucurbitaceae sp. for instance 5 cucumber - including pickling cucumber, squash, watermelon, gourds and melons
• Cruciferae sp. for instance white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radish, horseradish, cress, Chinese cabbage
• Leguminosae sp. for instance peanuts, peas and beans beans - such as climbing beans and broad beans
• Chenopodiaceae sp. for instance mangold, spinach beet, spinach, beetroots
• Malvaceae for instance okra
• Asparagaceae for instance asparagus
• horticultural and forest crops ornamental plants; as well as genetically modified homologues of these crops.
• the method of treatment according to the invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. plants or seeds.
• GMOs genetically modified organisms
• Genetically modified plants are plants of which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into genome.
• the expression "heterologous gene” essentially means a gene which is provided or assembled outside the plant and when introduced in the nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial genome gives the transformed plant new or improved agronomic or other properties by expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or by downregulating or silencing other gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for example, antisense technology, cosuppression technology or RNA interference - RNAi - technology).
• a heterologous gene that is located in the genome is also called a transgene.
• a transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.
• the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive (“synergistic") effects.
• superadditive for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the active compounds and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, bigger fruits, larger plant height, greener leaf color, earlier flowering, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher sugar concentration within the fruits, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.
• the active compound combinations according to the invention may also have a strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they are also suitable for mobilizing the defense system of the plant against attack by unwanted microorganisms. This may, if appropriate, be one of the reasons of the enhanced activity of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi.
• Plant- strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances are to be understood as meaning, in the present context, those substances or combinations of substances which are capable of stimulating the defense system of plants in such a way that, when subsequently inoculated with unwanted microorganisms, the treated plants display a substantial degree of resistance to these microorganisms.
• unwanted microorganisms are to be understood as meaning phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses.
• the - - substances according to the invention can be employed for protecting plants against attack by the abovementioned pathogens within a certain period of time after the treatment.
• the period of time within which protection is effected generally extends from 1 to 30 days, preferably 1 to 14 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active compounds.
• Plants and plant cultivars which are preferably to be treated according to the invention include all plants which have genetic material which impart particularly advantageous, useful traits to these plants (whether obtained by breeding and/or biotechnological means).
• Plants and plant cultivars which are also preferably to be treated according to the invention are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
• nematode resistant plants are described in e.g. US Patent Application Nos 11/765,491, 1 1/765,494, 10/926,819, 10/782,020, 12/032,479, 10/783,417, 10/782,096, 11/657,964, 12/192,904, 11/396,808, 12/166,253, 12/166,239, 12/166,124, 12/166,209, 11/762,886, 12/364,335, 11/763,947, 12/252,453, 12/209,354, 12/491,396 and 12/497,221.
• Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses.
• Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.
• Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants can be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation.
• Yield can furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance.
• Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
• Plants that may be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses. Such plants are typically made by crossing an inbred male- ? sterile parent line (the female parent) with another inbred male-fertile parent line (the male parent). Hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile plants and sold to growers. Male sterile plants can sometimes (e.g. in corn) be produced by detasseling, i.e. the mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs (or males flowers) but, more typically, male sterility is the result of genetic determinants in the plant genome.
• male sterile plants can also be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering.
• a particularly useful means of obtaining male-sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396 in which, for example, a ribonuclease such as barnase is selectively expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility can then be restored by expression in the tapetum cells of a ribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar.
• Plants or plant cultivars obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which may be treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such herbicide tolerance.
• Herbicide-resistant plants are for example glyphosate-tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to the herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof. Plants can be made tolerant to glyphosate through different means.
• glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS).
• EPSPS 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
• EPSPS 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
• Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et al., 1983, Science 221, 370-371), the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agrobacterium sp. (Barry et al., 1992, Curr.
• Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate acetyl transferase enzyme.
• Glyphosate- tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants containing naturally-occurring mutations of the above-mentioned genes. Plants expressing EPSPS genes that confer glyphosate tolerance are described. Plants comprising other genes that confer glyphosate tolerance, such as decarboxylase genes, are described. Other herbicide resistant plants are for example plants that are made tolerant to herbicides inhibiting the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme detoxifying the herbicide or a mutant glutamine synthase enzyme that is resistant to inhibition.
• One such efficient detoxifying enzyme is an enzyme encoding a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are described.
• HPPD hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase
• HPPD is an are enzyme that catalyze the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is transformed into homogentisate.
• Plants tolerant to HPPD-inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a naturally- occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene encoding a mutated or chimeric HPPD enzyme as described in WO 96/38567, WO 99/24585, and WO 99/24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387, or US 6,768,044.
• Tolerance to HPPD-inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with genes encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation of homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD enzyme by the HPPD-inhibitor. Such plants and genes are described in WO 99/34008 and WO 02/36787. Tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with a gene encoding an enzyme having prephenate deshydrogenase (PDH) activity in addition to a gene encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, as described in WO 2004/024928.
• PDH prephenate deshydrogenase
• plants can be made more tolerant to HPPD-inhibitor herbicides by adding into their genome a gene encoding an enzyme capable of metabolizing or degrading HPPD inhibitors, such as the CYP450 enzymes shown in WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473.
• an enzyme capable of metabolizing or degrading HPPD inhibitors such as the CYP450 enzymes shown in WO 2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473.
• Still further herbicide resistant plants are plants that are made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors .
• ALS-inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pryimidinyoxy(thio)benzoates, and/or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides.
• Different mutations in the ALS enzyme also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, AHAS
• AHAS acetohydroxyacid synthase
• sulfonylurea-tolerant plants and imidazolinone-tolerant plants is described.
• Other imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described.
• Further sulfonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described.
• Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulfonylurea can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or mutation breeding as described for example for soybeans in U.S. Patent 5,084,082, for rice in WO 97/41218, for sugar beet in U.S. Patent 5,773,702 and WO 99/057965, for lettuce in U.S. Patent 5,198,599, or for sunflower in WO 01/065922.
• Plants or plant cultivars obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which may also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic plants, i.e. plants made resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such insect resistance.
• an "insect-resistant transgenic plant” includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding: 1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal portion thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et al. (1998, Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 62: 807-813), updated by Crickmore et al.
• insecticidal portions thereof e.g., proteins of the Cry protein classes CrylAb, Cry 1 Ac, Cry IB, CrylC, Cry ID, Cry IF, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb or insecticidal portions thereof (e.g. EP 1999141_and WO 2007/107302), or such proteins encoded by synthetic genes as e.g. described in US Patent Application No 12/249,016 ; or
• a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second other crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof, such as the binary toxin made up of the Cry34 and Cry35 crystal proteins (Moellenbeck et al. 2001, Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 668-72; Schnepf et al. 2006, Applied Environm. Microbiol. 71, 1765-1774) or the binary toxin made up of the CrylA or CrylF proteins and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Appl. No. 12/214,022 and EP 08010791.5); or
• a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g., the CrylA.105 protein produced by corn event MON89034 (WO 2007/027777); or
• VIP vegetative insecticidal proteins listed at: http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html, e.g., proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class; or
• a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as the binary toxin made up of the VIP1A and VIP2A proteins (WO 94/21795); or - -
• a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts from different secreted proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins in 2) above; or
• 8) a protein of any one of 5) to 7) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a target insect species, and/or to expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein), such as the VIP3Aa protein in cotton event COT102; or
• a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin made up of VTP3 and CrylA or
• an insect-resistant transgenic plant also includes any plant comprising a combination of genes encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes 1 to 10.
• an insect-resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the above classes 1 to 10, to expand the range of target insect species affected when using different proteins directed at different target insect species, or to delay insect resistance development to the plants by using different proteins insecticidal to the same target insect species but having a different mode of action, such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.
• An "insect-resistant transgenic plant”, as used herein, further includes any plant containing at least one transgene comprising a sequence producing upon expression a double-stranded RNA which upon ingestion by a plant insect pest inhibits the growth of this insect pest.
• Plants or plant cultivars obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering which may also be treated according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic stresses. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such stress resistance. Particularly useful stress tolerance plants include:
• plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene coding for a plant-functional enzyme of the nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide salvage synthesis pathway including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotine amide phosphorybosyltransferase.
• Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention show altered quantity, quality and/or storage-stability of the harvested product and/or altered properties of specific ingredients of the harvested product such as : 1) transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch, which in its physical-chemical characteristics, in particular the amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity behaviour, the gelling strength, the starch grain size and/or the starch grain morphology, is changed in comparison with the synthesised starch in wild type plant cells or plants, so that this is better suited for special applications.
• a modified starch which in its physical-chemical characteristics, in particular the amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity behaviour, the gelling strength, the starch grain size and/or the starch grain morphology, is changed in comparison with the
• transgenic plants which synthesize non starch carbohydrate polymers or which synthesize non starch carbohydrate polymers with altered properties in comparison to wild type plants without genetic modification.
• Examples are plants producing polyfructose, especially of the inulin and levan-type, plants producing alpha- 1,4-glucans, plants producing alpha- 1,6 branched alpha- 1,4-glucans, plants producing alternan, 3) transgenic plants which produce hyaluronan.
• transgenic plants or hybrid plants such as onions with characteristics such as 'high soluble solids content', 'low pungency' (LP) and/or 'long storage' (LS).
• Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as cotton plants, with altered fiber characteristics.
• Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered fiber characteristics and include: a) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of cellulose synthase genes b) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression of sucrose phosphate synthase c) Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression of sucrose Plants, such as cotton plants, wherein the timing of the plasmodesmatal gating at the basis of the fiber cell is altered, e.g.
• Plants such as cotton plants, having fibers with altered reactivity, e.g. through the expression of N-acetylglucosaminetransferase gene including nodC and chitin synthase genes
• Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered oil profile characteristics.
• Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered oil profile characteristics and include: a) Plants, such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a high oleic acid content b) Plants such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a low linolenic acid content c) Plant such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a low level of saturated fatty acids
• Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as potatoes which are virus-resistant, e.g. against potato virus Y (event SY230 and SY233 from Tecnoplant, Argentina), which are disease resistant, e.g. against potato late blight (e.g. RB gene), which show a reduction in cold- induced sweetening ( carrying the Nt-Inhh, IIR-INV gene) or which possess a dwarf phenotype (Gene A-20 oxidase).
• potatoes which are virus-resistant, e.g. against potato virus Y (event SY230 and SY233 from Tecnoplant, Argentina), which are disease resistant, e.g. against potato late blight (e.g. RB gene), which show a reduction in cold- induced sweetening ( carrying the Nt-Inhh, IIR-INV gene) or which possess a dwarf phenotype (Gene A-20 oxidase).
• Plants or plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the invention are plants, such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered seed shattering characteristics.
• Such plants can be obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such altered seed shattering characteristics and include plants such as oilseed rape plants with delayed or reduced seed shattering.
• transgenic plants which may be treated according to the invention are plants containing transformation events, or combination of transformation events, that are the subject of petitions for non-regulated status, in the United States of America, to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) whether such petitions are granted or are still pending.
• APHIS 4 7 0 0 R i v e r R o a d
• Extension of Petition reference to a previous petition for which an extension is requested.
• - Institution the name of the entity submitting the petition.
• Transgenic phenotype the trait conferred to the plants by the transformation event.
• Transformation event or line the name of the event or events (sometimes also designated as lines or lines) for which nonregulated status is requested.
• APHIS documents various documents published by APHIS in relation to the Petition and which can be requested with APHIS.
• compositions according to the invention comprises a) Fluopyram, b) optionally one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, fungicides, biological control agents as disclosed above, c) optionally fertilizer or growth promoters.
• compositions according to the invention can be applied directly, that is to say without comprising further components and without having been diluted.
• suitable formulations and methods for the treatment of seed are known to the skilled worker and are described, for example, in the following documents: US 4,272,417 A, US 4,245,432 A, US 4,808,430 A, US 5,876,739 A, US 2003/0176428 Al , WO 2002/080675 Al, WO 2002/028186 A2.
• the active compound combinations or compositions which can be used according to the invention can be converted into customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating materials for seed, and also ULV formulations.
• These formulations are prepared in a known manner by mixing the active compounds or active compound combinations or compositiions with customary additives, such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and optionally water as well.
• customary additives such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and optionally water as well.
• Suitable colorants that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of the invention include all colorants customary for such purposes. Use may be made both of pigments, of sparing solubility in water, and of dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples that may be mentioned include the colorants known under the designations
• Suitable wetting agents that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of the invention include all substances which promote wetting and are customary in the formulation of active agrochemical substances. With preference it is possible to use alkylnaphthalene-sulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or diisobutylnaphthalene-sulphonates.
• Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of the invention include all nonionic, anionic, and cationic dispersants which are customary in the formulation of active agrochemical substances. With preference, it is possible to use nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Particularly suitable nonionic dispersants are ethylene oxide- propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, and tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers, and their phosphated or sulphated derivatives.
• Suitable anionic dispersants are lignosulphonates, polyacrylic salts, and arylsulphonate-formaldehyde condensates.
• Suitable defoamers that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of the invention include all foam- inhibiting substances which are customary in the formulation of active agrochemical substances. With preference it is possible to use silicone defoamers and magnesium stearate.
• Suitable preservatives that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of the invention include all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. By way of example, mention may be made of dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
• Suitable secondary thickeners that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of the invention include all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preferred suitability is 5 possessed by cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays, and highly disperse silica.
• Suitable adhesives that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of the invention include all customary binders which can be used in seed dressing. With preference, mention may be made of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose.
• the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention may be used directly or after dilution with water beforehand to treat seed of any of a very wide variety of types.
• the concentrates or the preparations obtainable therefrom by dilution with water may be used to dress the seed of cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, and triticale, and also the seed of maize, rice, oilseed rape, peas, field beans, cotton, sunflowers, and beets, or else vegetable seed of any of a very wide variety of kinds.
• the suitable seed dressing formulations of the invention or their dilute preparations may also be used to dress seed of transgenic plants.
• synergistic effects may also arise in interaction with the substances formed by expression.
• Suitable mixing equipment for treating seed with the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention or the preparations prepared from them by adding water includes all mixing equipment which can commonly be used for dressing.
• the specific procedure adopted when dressing comprises introducing the seed into a mixer, adding the particular desired amount of seed dressing formulation, either as it is or following dilution with water beforehand, and carrying out mixing until the formulation is uniformly distributed on the seed.
• a drying operation follows.
• the application rate of the seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention may be varied within a relatively wide range. It depends on the respective content of the active compounds in the formulations and on the seed. In general, the application rates of active compound combination are between 0.001 and 200 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 15 g per kilogram of seed.
• the compound was applied as a standard "SC"-seed treatment formulation in comparison to an untreated control.
• the infected seeds and the compound were put with the desired amounts in a seed treatment can and were shaken for 1-2 minutes to ensure a homogenized distribution of the compound onto the seeds.
• the soil cultivation, seedbed preparation, fertilization and the application of plant protection products occurred according to the good agricultural practise.
• the test was evaluated at BBCH 69. 0 % means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease was observed.
• the active compound is applied as the technical active substance dissolved in methanol and 8 concentrations were prepared.
• the resulting concentration range was 0; 0.0003; 0.001; 0.003; 0.01; 0.03; 0.1 and 0.3 ⁇ g a.i. /ml for Pyrenophora gramininea and Pyrenophora teres as well as
• a mycelium suspension of Pyrenophora graminea or a spore suspension in the case of P. tritici-repentis or P. teres was used for inoculation. After 5 days of incubation for Pyrenophora graminea and P. teres or 7 days of incubation for Pyrenophora tritici-repentis by darkness under shaking (10 Hrz), the optical density in each cavity was determined photometrically at 620 nm. EC50 values were calculated according to the extinction values (the EC50 is a central characteristic of the isolate - it shows the concentration at which the pathogen growth coverage is reduced by 50%).

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-26 EP EP12740148.7A patent/EP2736333A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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