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EP2730853B1 - Ballon de stockage thermique avec chauffe-eau instantané externe - Google Patents

Ballon de stockage thermique avec chauffe-eau instantané externe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2730853B1
EP2730853B1 EP13191637.1A EP13191637A EP2730853B1 EP 2730853 B1 EP2730853 B1 EP 2730853B1 EP 13191637 A EP13191637 A EP 13191637A EP 2730853 B1 EP2730853 B1 EP 2730853B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
thermal
thermal store
hot water
boiler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13191637.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2730853A1 (fr
Inventor
Nicholas Julian Jan Francis Macphail
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP2730853A1 publication Critical patent/EP2730853A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2730853B1 publication Critical patent/EP2730853B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/087—Tap water heat exchangers specially adapted therefore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/004—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with conventional supplementary heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/185—Water-storage heaters using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/48—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water
    • F24H1/52—Water heaters for central heating incorporating heaters for domestic water incorporating heat exchangers for domestic water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater

Definitions

  • thermal storage with heating means can be used together with a mains water heating heat exchanger as a mains water flow heating means can be used to improve the domestic hot water flow rate of a "combi" boiler. It is further known from Patent No GB 2266762 and Patent No GB 2423569 that thermal storage can be used to store intermittent energy input from, for example, off peak electricity supply, solar thermal, wind or photovoltaic generated electricity. Thermal storage can be used as a buffer for air source heat pumps, CHP and similar devices to prevent short cycling wear and inefficiency. They also enable smaller heating units to be used so that the base loads can be met by the heat generator with the thermal store being additionally deployed to meet peak loads.
  • thermal storage boiler by its ability to accept intermittent heat input and store it until output is required (often at night when "green” inputs e.g. solar may have ceased) enables and encourages uptake of "green” inputs from solar and other “responsible” sources. Thermal storage also helps electricity companies to "load level” and “load match” making more efficient use of generating and distribution plant.
  • the thermal store is heated with electricity using one or more immersion heaters.
  • a disadvantage of immersion heaters is that a plurality of joints is generally needed leading to a plurality of large tappings being required in the thermal store with an attendant increase in production cost and risk of leaks both from the joints at the tappings and from the immersion heaters themselves. They need replacing as their life is not infinite.
  • To replace an immersion heater would be a fairly simple fast process but for the need to drain the large thermal store. This process of draining down and refilling the thermal store can take several hours. This can involve long delays if the store has to be cooled to a safe temperature before draining down can be carried out. This means that the simple replacement of a failed immersion heater component can take a long time and thus be extremely costly in labour.
  • Patent No GB 2423569 teaches that using a three port valve and pump on the return of the heating and domestic hot water heat exchanger circuit of a thermal storage combination boiler extends the life of the pump and motorised three port valve by subjecting them to the cooler return water. Because the three port valve and pump are both naturally and, without complex electronics, actuated for the provision of domestic hot water throughout the year, the build up of plated out detritus on the rubbing surfaces of the components that causes premature failure by seizure is prevented. Also the pump and three port valve location on the heating and domestic hot water return enables the flow to the heating to be taken from lower down the thermal store than the flow to the domestic hot water heat exchanger effectively leaving a reserve of thermal energy for domestic hot water production.
  • Flow boilers are non storage electric boilers that have the advantage of being extremely cheap in manufacture compared to direct combustion boilers. However, as they have no thermal storage their heat output ceases the moment they are turned off. This makes them suitable solely for connection to the peak rate twenty four hour electricity supply as connection to an interruptible off peak supply would leave the householder without heat shortly after the off peak supply is shut off. Flow boilers alone do not offer the load levelling and load predicting advantages to the generating companies that electric thermal storage boilers do and so are not normally allowed to be connected to an off peak supply or benefit from its cheaper running cost.
  • Flow boilers have the added disadvantage of needing a dedicated pump providing continuous flow while they are producing heat to ensure sufficient dissipation of the heat they produce to the heating and/or domestic hot water system to which they are connected. This is to prevent their very small water content rising in temperature too fast for their thermostatic control to safely and effectively regulate.
  • the present invention may be used with Patent No GB 2423569 for extending the component life and of automatic pump and motorised valve "exercising" and permitting different flow tapping positions in the thermal store.
  • GB2352805 (Gledhill Water Storage Limited) discloses a hot water system.
  • the system comprises a thermal storage tank and a primary water circuit heated by a gas or an oil fired boiler.
  • the hot water system is also provided with an additional electric water heating means.
  • the present invention is described for clarity as an electric thermal storage combi boiler having a pump and controls separate from the flow boiler it should be understood that the pump and/or controls may be integral to the flow boiler or not and the flow boiler may be integral with the thermal store or not.
  • the present invention is described for clarity as an electric thermal storage combi boiler having the pump integral with the controls, it should be understood that the pump may instead be integral with the flow boiler or separate from both the flow boiler and the controls.
  • flow boiler should be taken to mean any electrical heat producing means that can be fitted externally to the thermal store ideally enabling it to be isolated either by valves or by pipe freezing for its speedy replacement and/or servicing.
  • flow boiler may be interpreted as meaning a non-storage electrical boiler.
  • the pump is shown upstream of the flow boiler in the direction of flow of the heat exchange medium, it may alternatively be located downstream of the flow boiler.
  • Drawing 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of the preferred form of the present invention with its components spaced apart for clarity.
  • Drawing 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of the preferred form of the invention in Drawing 1 with the flow boiler mounted in or on the casing of the thermal store with the major components shown in block form for clarity.
  • Drawing 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a further form of the present invention showing the flow boiler and controls remote to the thermal store.
  • Drawing 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of a further form of the present invention showing the thermal store with the flow boiler remote from the thermal store but with the controls mounted in or on the thermal store casing.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a thermal store 1 with a standby/stand alone immersion heater 3 within it.
  • the thermal store temperature control (not shown) is calling for heat and the central heating controls (not shown) are calling for heat
  • the pump 6 causes water in the thermal store 1 to flow through flow pipe 8 around the central heating circuit (not shown) to the heating return pipe 7 then through the three port valve 18 pump 6 and through the flow boiler 2 where the water is heated before returning via common return pipe 13 to the thermal store 1.
  • the thermal store 1 and/or flow boiler 2 temperature control (not shown) is satisfied the heating element/s (not shown) in the flow boiler 2 is/are turned off.
  • the central heating control (not shown) is still calling for heat the pump 6 continues to run and the three port valve 18 remains open to the central heating circuit (not shown). If there is a central heating demand but controls such as thermostatic radiator valves (not shown) reduce the flow around the central heating circuit (not shown) the automatic bypass valve 19 will be opened proportionally to maintain its set differential pressure and flow around the central heating circuit (not shown) and or through the bypass valve 19 via the three port valve 18, pump 6, flow boiler 2 and common return 13 to the thermal store 1. This maintains a flow through the flow boiler in the event of such other controls limiting the flow through the heating circuit (not shown).
  • the cold mains water enters via cold mains water inlet 14 through flow sensor 4 which may measure flow by paddle switch, temperature differential switching or temperature drop switching or other flow sensing means.
  • the motorised valve 18 closes the port to the central heating return pipe 7 and opens the port to domestic hot water heat exchanger 5 return pipe 12 and actuates the pump 6.
  • the pump 6 now draws water from the domestic hot water flow pipe 9 advantageously sited higher in the thermal store 1 then the heating circuit flow pipe 8 to maintain a reserve of thermal energy dedicated to domestic hot water supply.
  • the water drawn from the thermal store 1 now flows through the primary side of the heat exchanger 5 through the motorised valve 18, pump 6, flow boiler 2 and common return pipe 13 to the thermal store 1.
  • the pump 6 runs and the flow of water is maintained through the flow boiler 2 to allow any heat it produces to be transferred to the thermal store.
  • thermal store 1 and/or flow boiler 2 temperature control/s will actuate the three port valve 18 to open the port to the domestic hot water return pipe 12, close the port to the central heating return 7 and actuate the pump 6 to maintain a flow of water from the thermal store 1 through domestic hot water flow pipe 9, domestic hot water heat exchanger 5, domestic hot water return pipe 12, three port valve 18, pump 6, flow boiler 2 and common return pipe 13 to return the water so circulated heated by the flow boiler 2 to the thermal store 1.
  • the immersion heater 3 (if fitted) enables the standby or stand alone production of heat in the water in the thermal store 1 to enable the production of heated domestic hot water and some heating in the event of flow boiler 2 malfunction or servicing. It may be alternatively wired to 24 hour supply to provide a boost input if needed.
  • the thermostatic mixing valve 10 mixes cold water from the mains 14 with hot water from the domestic hot water heat exchanger 5 to the thermostatically regulate hot water exiting from the taps via hot water outlet 11.
  • the automatic air vent 15 enables venting of air during initial filling and the small amounts of air and/or reaction gases that separate from the circulating water in normal system use.
  • the dotted box 16 surrounding the control and heat exchange items in Drawing 1 is to simplify the box layouts in Drawings 2 , 3 and 4 and contains the same components within the box shown in Drawing 1 .
  • the thermal store 1 may be conveniently formed from metal or composites and may utilise commercially available cylinder/s.
  • the flow boiler 2, immersion heater 3, flow sensor 4, heat exchanger 5, pump 6, thermostatic mixing valve 10, automatic air vent 15, motorised valve 18 and automatic bypass valve 19 may all be conveniently standard commercially available items or may be specially fabricated according to need.
  • the skilled reader will appreciate that, if no suitable flow is established through a flow boiler, the flow boiler can overheat very rapidly, causing malfunction and/or damage.
  • the arrangement of a heating system in accordance with the present invention allows both the heating and hot water circuits to include the flow boiler, to ensure that there is a flow of water through the flow boiler whenever there is a demand for hot water or heating.
  • a permanent flow path through the flow boiler is thereby established, by which is meant a flow path that permanently includes the flow boiler whenever water is drawn from the thermal store.
  • a single three-port valve is used to control whether the flow from the thermal store is directed through the hot water circuit and the heating circuit.
  • respective valves may be provided, one as part of the hot water circuit and the other as part of the heating circuit. The control of these valves may be coordinated to ensure that the flow from the thermal store is directed through either the heating circuit or the hot water circuit, as required.
  • Each of these valves may be a two-port valve, a three-port valve, or be of any other suitable design.
  • a single pump is provided, on pipework that is common to both the heating and hot water circuits. Again, this need not be the case, and respective first and second pumps may be provided, one as part of the hot water circuit and the other as part of the heating circuit. The skilled reader will understand how these pumps may be controlled during the operation of the system.
  • the flow boiler is provided as part of a common return, i.e. pipework that carries flow back to the thermal store after having passed through the wet central heating circuit or through the heat exchanger for providing domestic hot water.
  • the flow boiler may be provided on a common flow pipe, i.e. a pipe that carries flow to the wet central heating circuit or to the heat exchanger for providing domestic hot water from the thermal store.
  • the flow boiler may be either upstream or downstream of the wet central heating system and the heat exchanger for the domestic hot water.
  • a common pump and/or three-port valve may also be either upstream or downstream of the wet central heating system and the heat exchanger for the domestic hot water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Un agencement de chauffage comprenant :
    un réservoir thermique rempli d'un fluide d'échange de chaleur (1) pour la fourniture d'énergie thermique du réservoir thermique (1) à un système de chauffage central à eau et/ou à un échangeur de chaleur (5) afin de procurer de l'eau chaude domestique ;
    une ou plusieurs chaudières électriques (2) montées à l'extérieur du réservoir thermique (1) procurant de l'énergie de chaleur au réservoir thermique (1) afin de procurer l'énergie de chaleur audit réservoir thermique (1) ;
    une ou plusieurs pompes de circulation (6), des commandes et une tuyauterie pour former une chaudière mixte à réserve thermique, dans lequel
    l'agencement de chauffage comprend un circuit de chauffage central à travers lequel le fluide d'échange de chaleur peut s'écouler du réservoir thermique (1) pour fournir de l'énergie thermique au système de chauffage central à eau ;
    l'agencement de chauffage comprend un circuit d'eau chaude à travers lequel le fluide d'échange de chaleur peut s'écouler du réservoir thermique (1) pour fournir de l'énergie thermique à l'échangeur de chaleur (5) ; et
    à la fois le circuit de chauffage central et le circuit d'eau chaude incluent la chaudière électrique (2), et la tuyauterie forme un ou plusieurs trajets d'écoulement permanents pour l'énergie thermique de la chaudière électrique (2) afin de permettre à la chaudière électrique de dissiper sa chaleur générée via le trajet d'écoulement permanent vers ledit réservoir thermique (1) et/ou l'échangeur de chaleur (5) et/ou le système de chauffage, dans lequel la chaudière électrique (2) est positionnée sur un tuyau de retour commun (13) allant du circuit de chauffage central et du circuit d'eau chaude au réservoir thermique (1), ou dans lequel la chaudière électrique (2) est positionnée sur un tuyau d'écoulement commun (13) allant du réservoir thermique (1) au circuit de chauffage central et au circuit d'eau chaude.
  2. Un agencement de chauffage selon la revendication 1, dans lequel à la fois le circuit de chauffage central et le circuit d'eau chaude incluent la pompe de circulation (6).
  3. Un agencement de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une vanne (18) pour commuter entre le circuit de chauffage central et le circuit d'eau chaude.
  4. Un agencement de chauffage selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la vanne (18) est une électrovanne à trois voies.
  5. Un agencement de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant une première et une deuxième vannes respectives, la première vanne étant située sur le circuit de chauffage central et la deuxième vanne étant située sur le circuit d'eau chaude.
  6. Un agencement de chauffage selon la revendication 5, dans lequel chacune de la première et de la deuxième vannes est une vanne à deux voies ou une vanne à trois voies.
  7. Un agencement de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le réservoir thermique (1) est équipé d'un ou de plusieurs chauffe-eau thermoplongeurs de réserve ou indépendants (3).
  8. Un agencement de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel ledit réservoir thermique (1) est équipé pour pouvoir accepter un ou plusieurs apports de chaleur additionnels.
  9. Un agencement de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le moyen de production de chaleur électrique (2) est la source principale d'apport thermique du réservoir thermique (1).
  10. Un agencement de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 dans lequel la chaudière électrique (2) est la seule source d'apport thermique du réservoir thermique (1).
EP13191637.1A 2012-11-08 2013-11-05 Ballon de stockage thermique avec chauffe-eau instantané externe Not-in-force EP2730853B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1220094.5A GB2507756B (en) 2012-11-08 2012-11-08 The use of thermal storage with flow boilers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2730853A1 EP2730853A1 (fr) 2014-05-14
EP2730853B1 true EP2730853B1 (fr) 2017-08-30

Family

ID=47429353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13191637.1A Not-in-force EP2730853B1 (fr) 2012-11-08 2013-11-05 Ballon de stockage thermique avec chauffe-eau instantané externe

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2730853B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2507756B (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6337831B2 (ja) * 2015-05-11 2018-06-06 三菱電機株式会社 給湯機
CN108775707A (zh) * 2018-07-12 2018-11-09 江门市银河科技发展有限公司 一种储水式外循环加热电热水器
CZ2019719A3 (cs) * 2019-11-22 2021-01-13 DROVEN HEATING a.s. Průtokový ohřívač kapaliny a akumulační ohřevný systém kapaliny jej obsahující
CN111536688A (zh) * 2020-04-27 2020-08-14 胡赫（青岛）换热水箱有限公司 一种电热水器
CN114263959A (zh) * 2021-12-15 2022-04-01 赵丙峰 防冻型太阳能与燃气结合的壁挂供暖系统及供暖方法

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GB820284A (en) * 1956-07-11 1959-09-16 Radiation Ltd Space and water-heating system
JPH02183761A (ja) * 1989-01-05 1990-07-18 Toshiba Corp 貯湯式温水器
AT400629B (de) * 1994-05-27 1996-02-26 Vaillant Gmbh Wasserheizer
GB9918255D0 (en) * 1999-08-04 1999-10-06 Gledhill Water Storage Improvements relating to water heating apparatus
DE10349942B4 (de) * 2003-10-24 2007-11-15 Rösch, Hans Verfahren zum umweltfreundlichen Heizen eines Gebäudes
KR100628266B1 (ko) * 2003-11-28 2006-09-27 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 액정표시장치
GB2423569B (en) * 2005-02-21 2010-12-08 Nicholas Julian Jan Francis Macphail Electric thermal storage combi boiler
ATE458969T1 (de) * 2007-01-17 2010-03-15 Muller & Cie Soc Anlage zur wohnungsheizung und/oder zur warmwassererzeugung im sanitärbereich
KR101047280B1 (ko) * 2008-05-26 2011-07-07 주식회사 한 에너지 시스템 이중온수탱크를 구비한 보일러시스템
FR2935781B1 (fr) * 2008-09-10 2013-07-05 Theobald Sa A Procede de regulation d'une installation de chauffage comportant au moins une pompe a chaleur et un moyen de chauffage complementaire
WO2011146962A1 (fr) * 2010-05-26 2011-12-01 Dux Manufacturing Limited Système de chauffe-eau

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2507756A (en) 2014-05-14
GB201220094D0 (en) 2012-12-19
GB2507756B (en) 2016-04-20
EP2730853A1 (fr) 2014-05-14

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