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EP2726211B1 - Nozzle for spraying dry ice, notably dry ice made from carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Nozzle for spraying dry ice, notably dry ice made from carbon dioxide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2726211B1
EP2726211B1 EP12734970.2A EP12734970A EP2726211B1 EP 2726211 B1 EP2726211 B1 EP 2726211B1 EP 12734970 A EP12734970 A EP 12734970A EP 2726211 B1 EP2726211 B1 EP 2726211B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
neck
nozzle
stage
divergent
outlet orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12734970.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2726211A1 (en
Inventor
Benoit Loiselet
Marc Leturmy
Philippe GOMEZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of EP2726211A1 publication Critical patent/EP2726211A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/025—Nozzles having elongated outlets, e.g. slots, for the material to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for blasting dry ice, in particular dry ice (see for example WO 90/09243 A1 ). It will find its applications, in particular, in the field of cleaning surfaces, especially large surfaces such as vehicle body parts. This example is not, however, limiting and the invention will also find its applications, in particular, for cleaning parts of smaller sizes. Dry ice blasting is effective in the combination of different effects, a mechanical effect due to the kinetic energy of the ice particles, a thermal effect due to the temperature of the particles and a blast effect due to the sublimation of the ice in contact with the surface to be cleaned. It also has the advantage of not leaving residues. Indeed, after sublimation, the dry ice, transformed into gas, evacuates itself.
  • the nozzles have a large length allowing the realization of a stream of particles centered in the middle of the fluid jet engine. This has the advantage of particularly efficient cleaning by concentrating the impact zone of the particles but has disadvantages.
  • these different devices are highly consumer in motor fluid. They are also difficult to handle.
  • their dry ice jet has an impact surface of limited dimensions.
  • the invention aims to solve all or part of the following problems and proposes for this purpose a device for spraying dry ice particles according to claim 1.
  • said divergent has at least a first stage extending between the neck and an outlet orifice of said first stage, the ratio between the surface of the neck and the surface of said outlet orifice of the first stage of the divergent being greater than 0.2, in particular greater than 0.5, in particular greater than 0.73. Said ratio will, for example, be less than 0.9.
  • a nozzle makes it possible to limit the consumption of carrier fluid while obtaining very good cleaning results, especially in terms of eliminating greasiness present on the objects. to clean.
  • the invention will more generally find its applications for the cleaning of fine pollution, thickness less than 3 mm, among others. It also allows the use of nozzles of limited size, including the nozzles having divergents whose length between the neck and the outlet orifice of the nozzle is less than 50 mm.
  • section is used in the following to mean the section of the nozzle in a plane orthogonal to its direction of longitudinal extension, that is to say, the principal direction in which the nozzle leads. the fluid that passes through it.
  • angle of divergence will have the following meaning in the following.
  • the angle at the apex of the cone bearing the truncated cone forming the or each of the stages of the divergent is the angle at the apex of the cone bearing the truncated cone forming the or each of the stages of the divergent.
  • the divergent device has a single stage, said stage being provided with a divergence angle ⁇ of the order of 6 °. This gives a high cleaning efficiency.
  • said divergent has a single stage, said stage being provided with a divergence angle ⁇ greater than 7 °, in particular greater than 15 °. A flared jet is then obtained with an enlarged impact surface.
  • the divergent has a second stage, said first stage having a divergence angle of the order of 6 ° and the second stage a divergence angle greater than 7 °, in particular greater than 15 °.
  • a particle acceleration effect favorable to cleaning efficiency is then combined with a broadening effect of the impact zone of the particles.
  • said neck is a sonic neck.
  • the nozzle may have a convergent provided upstream of the neck in the direction of flow of the driving fluid, charged with said particles, and wherein the convergent and the divergent are connected directly to one another at the neck.
  • the invention also relates to a nozzle of a projection device as described above.
  • the invention relates to a device for blasting dry ice particles, for example dry ice, in particular for cleaning surfaces.
  • Said device comprises a gun 10 provided, in particular, with a supply 1 of driving fluid, a supply 2 of liquid carbon dioxide and a chamber 3 for the formation of dry ice particles. It also comprises a nozzle 4, connected to the gun 10, projecting, under the action of the driving fluid, the particles formed in the chamber.
  • Said driving fluid thus enters the device through the supply 1 of the driving fluid and then charges the ice particles generated in the chamber 3, to the exhaust of said chamber.
  • This forms a flow of motor fluid and ice particles that passes through the nozzle 4 to be projected on the part to be cleaned.
  • the nozzle 4 allows the passage of the motor fluid, the latter driving said particles.
  • Said driving fluid is, for example, compressed air.
  • said nozzle 4 has an outlet orifice 5 and comprises a neck 6 and a divergent 7. Said divergent 7 extends between the neck 6 and the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle.
  • Said nozzle 4 further comprises here a convergent 8, placed upstream of the neck 6 in the flow direction of flow. It may also have a connection 9 to the gun 10. Said connector 9 is optionally provided with a fixing ring 10 provided at a threaded portion of said connector 10.
  • Said nozzle has a longitudinal extension axis 11, that is to say, an axis corresponding to the main direction of the flow that passes through it.
  • Said divergent 7 has at least a first stage extending between the neck 6 and an outlet orifice 5, 12 of said first stage, located opposite the neck 6 in the direction circulation flow.
  • the neck 6 and said outlet 5, 12 of the first stage of the divergent 7 are, for example, orthogonal to the axis 11 of longitudinal extension of the nozzle.
  • the ratio between the surface of the neck 6 and the surface of said outlet orifice 5, 12 of the first stage of the divergent is greater than 0.2, especially 0.5, in particular greater than 0.73. It will be, for example, less than 0.9.
  • this parameter is sizing with respect to the quality of the cleaning obtained and the consumption of carrier fluid. It allows in particular an adequate acceleration of the particles for a reduced consumption of motor fluid. It can be understood, for example, between 0.8 and 0.9.
  • said divergent 7 has, for example, a rectangular section.
  • the length l of said section increases linearly at the level of each of said stages of the diverging portion 7, going from the neck 6 towards the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle 4.
  • said divergent 7 has a single stage and said section has a substantially constant width h going from the neck 6 to the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle 4. It is, in particular a width h configured at the size of the formed particles. It will thus be possible to use a width h less than 2 mm, for example of the order of 1.2 or 1.3 mm.
  • the neck 6 here has a rectangular section, one of the dimensions of which corresponds to the width h of the diverging portion 7.
  • Said divergent has also a divergence angle ⁇ greater than 7 °, to obtain an enlargement of the nozzle outlet flow. This is an angle of about 45 °. Alternatively, it could be an angle of about 6 ° to maintain a substantially straight stream nozzle outlet.
  • said divergent portion 7 may have a length L of said nozzle 4, measured between the neck 6 and the outlet orifice 5 of said nozzle 4, a length 1 S of the divergent section at said outlet 5 of the nozzle and an angle of divergence ⁇ according to the following law: 0.05 ⁇ I S / tan ⁇ ⁇ The ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ I S / tan ⁇ .
  • L may have as upper limit: (0.1 x S ) / tan ( ⁇ ).
  • said diverging portion 7 has a single stage and said section has a substantially decreasing width h, in particular linearly, from the neck 6 to the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle 4.
  • the neck 6 here also has a rectangular section, one of the dimensions of which corresponds to the width h of the diverging portion 7 at its zone of connection with the neck 6.
  • Said divergent 7 also has a divergence angle ⁇ greater than 7 °, to obtain an enlargement of the nozzle outlet flow. This is an angle of about 70 °.
  • the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle is in the form of a slot.
  • This may have a height of less than 2 mm, in particular of the order of 1.2 or 1.3 mm and / or a length of between 10 and 50 mm, in particular between 20 and 50 mm.
  • said divergent 7 has a first stage 20 and a second stage 21.
  • Said first stage 20 has a divergence angle of the order of 6 ° and the second stage 21 has an angle of divergence greater than 7 °, for example between 30 and 60 °, here about 45 °.
  • the first stage 20 allows an acceleration of the particles with a minimum motor fluid consumption while the second allows the widening of the flow, this by limiting the overconsumption of the driving fluid, the particles enjoying the kinetic energy acquired in the first floor.
  • Each of the stages here is of rectangular section, of the type of the embodiment of the figures 2 that is to say, with constant width h and length l linearly increasing.
  • the values of the width h may also be identical to that of the embodiment of the figures 2 . They are identical from one floor to another.
  • the neck 6 here has a rectangular section, one of the dimensions of which corresponds to the width h of the first stage of the diverging portion 7.
  • the inlet orifice of the second stage of the divergent 7 corresponds to the outlet orifice 12 of the first stage of said divergent 7.
  • the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle may again be in the form of a slot. This may have a height of less than 2 mm, in particular of the order of 1.2 or 1.3 mm and / or a length of between 40 and 60 mm.
  • the formula given above is also valid, at least for the first stage 20.
  • it will advantageously have a ratio between the surface of its outlet orifice 5 and the surface of its inlet orifice, corresponding to the outlet orifice 12 of the first stage 20, greater than 0.7. In particular, it will be between 0.8 and 0.9.
  • said divergent has a circular section.
  • the divergent is frustoconical.
  • Said neck may then have a circular section.
  • the angle of divergence may be of the order of 6 ° or greater than 7 °, with the same effects as those described above.
  • the divergents 7 of the nozzles 4 according to the invention have a length, measured between the neck and the outlet orifice of the nozzle, of less than 200 mm, in particular of 50 mm. It may be, in particular, a length of less than 10 mm for single-stage nozzles having a divergence angle greater than 7 ° or a length of less than 40 mm for two-stage nozzles as described above. .
  • said neck 6 is a sonic neck and will provide at the inlet of the nozzle 4 an absolute pressure of, for example, between 4 and 16 bar absolute, especially between 4 and 6 bar absolute.
  • the convergent 8 and the divergent 7 are connected directly to one another at the neck 6.
  • the neck 6 is a simple plane.
  • collar 6 may have a non-zero length.
  • the convergent 8 may have two floors, as in the embodiment of the Figures 4a to 4c , where its section first decreases in a first direction on a first portion 30 and then in another direction, orthogonal to the first direction, in a second portion 31.
  • the nozzle does not include diverging. Its outlet is at the level of his collar. The acceleration obtained will thus be limited to that offered by the sonic collar, which may however be sufficient and even more favorable, especially for the cleaning of lightly soiled and / or particularly fragile surfaces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de projection de glace sèche, notamment de glace carbonique (voir par exemple WO 90/09243 A1 ). Elle trouvera ses applications, en particulier, dans le domaine du nettoyage des surfaces, notamment les surfaces de grande taille telles que les pièces de carrosserie de véhicule. Cet exemple n'est cependant pas limitatif et l'invention trouvera aussi ses applications, notamment, pour le nettoyage de pièces de plus petites tailles.
Le nettoyage par projection de glace carbonique trouve son efficacité dans la combinaison de différents effets, un effet mécanique dû à l'énergie cinétique des particules de glace, un effet thermique dû à la température des particules et un effet de souffle dû à la sublimation de la glace au contact de la surface à nettoyer. Il présente de plus l'avantage de ne pas laisser de résidus. En effet, après sublimation, la glace carbonique, transformée en gaz, s'évacue d'elle-même.
Différents procédés de nettoyage par projection de glace carbonique ont déjà été proposés. Il est ainsi connu de projeter des particules ou pellets de glace préalablement formés à l'aide d'une machine de tir. Ce procédé peut cependant s'avérer trop violent pour des surfaces fragiles.
Il est aussi connu de former des particules de glace à partir de dioxyde de carbone à l'état liquide au contact d'un fluide moteur qui entraîne les particules au fur et à mesure de leur création et sert également à leur projection sur la surface à nettoyer.
Pour mettre en oeuvre ce dernier procédé, on connaît des dispositifs comprenant une alimentation en fluide moteur, une alimentation en dioxyde de carbone liquide, une chambre de formation des particules de glace carbonique et une buse projetant, sous l'action du fluide moteur, les particules formées dans la chambre. Ladite buse comprend un convergent, un col et un divergent. Un tel dispositif est décrit dans le document EP-1 765 551 .The present invention relates to a device for blasting dry ice, in particular dry ice (see for example WO 90/09243 A1 ). It will find its applications, in particular, in the field of cleaning surfaces, especially large surfaces such as vehicle body parts. This example is not, however, limiting and the invention will also find its applications, in particular, for cleaning parts of smaller sizes.
Dry ice blasting is effective in the combination of different effects, a mechanical effect due to the kinetic energy of the ice particles, a thermal effect due to the temperature of the particles and a blast effect due to the sublimation of the ice in contact with the surface to be cleaned. It also has the advantage of not leaving residues. Indeed, after sublimation, the dry ice, transformed into gas, evacuates itself.
Various methods of dry ice blasting have already been proposed. It is thus known to project previously formed particles or pellets of ice using a firing machine. However, this process can be too violent for fragile surfaces.
It is also known to form ice particles from carbon dioxide in the liquid state in contact with a driving fluid which entrains the particles as they are created and also serves to project them onto the surface to be formed. clean.
To implement the latter method, there are known devices comprising a supply of motor fluid, a supply of liquid carbon dioxide, a chamber for forming dry ice particles and a nozzle projecting, under the action of the driving fluid, the particles formed in the chamber. Said nozzle comprises a convergent, a neck and a divergent. Such a device is described in the document EP-1 765 551 .

Dans les dispositifs connus, les buses présentent une longueur importante permettant la réalisation d'un flux de particules centrées au milieu du jet de fluide moteur. Cela présente l'avantage d'un nettoyage particulièrement efficace en concentrant la zone d'impact des particules mais présente des inconvénients.
Tout d'abord, ces différents dispositifs sont fortement consommateur en fluide moteur. Ils sont en outre difficiles à manier. De plus, leur jet de glace carbonique présente une surface d'impact de dimensions limitées.
L'invention vise à résoudre tout ou partie des problèmes suivants et propose à cet effet un dispositif de projection de particules de glace sèche selon la revendication 1. Selon l'invention, ledit divergent présente au moins un premier étage s'étendant entre le col et un orifice de sortie dudit premier étage, le rapport entre la surface du col et la surface dudit orifice de sortie du premier étage du divergent étant supérieur à 0,2, notamment supérieur à 0,5, en particulier supérieur à 0,73. Ledit rapport sera, par exemple, inférieur à 0,9.In known devices, the nozzles have a large length allowing the realization of a stream of particles centered in the middle of the fluid jet engine. This has the advantage of particularly efficient cleaning by concentrating the impact zone of the particles but has disadvantages.
First of all, these different devices are highly consumer in motor fluid. They are also difficult to handle. In addition, their dry ice jet has an impact surface of limited dimensions.
The invention aims to solve all or part of the following problems and proposes for this purpose a device for spraying dry ice particles according to claim 1. According to the invention, said divergent has at least a first stage extending between the neck and an outlet orifice of said first stage, the ratio between the surface of the neck and the surface of said outlet orifice of the first stage of the divergent being greater than 0.2, in particular greater than 0.5, in particular greater than 0.73. Said ratio will, for example, be less than 0.9.

Le déposant a en effet constaté, suite à de nombreux essais, qu'une telle buse permettait de limiter la consommation en fluide porteur tout en obtenant de très bons résultats de nettoyage, notamment en termes d'élimination d'empreintes grasses présentes sur les objets à nettoyer. L'invention trouvera plus généralement ses applications pour le nettoyage de pollutions fines, d'épaisseur inférieure à 3 mm, entre autres. Elle permet en outre de pouvoir faire appel à des buses de taille limitée, notamment à des buses présentant des divergents dont la longueur entre le col et l'orifice de sortie de la buse est inférieure à 50 mm.
Pour éviter tout doute, on entend dans la suite le terme « section » comme signifiant la section de la buse selon un plan orthogonal à sa direction d'extension longitudinale, c'est-à-dire, la direction principale selon laquelle la buse conduit le fluide qui la traverse.The applicant has indeed found, following numerous tests, that such a nozzle makes it possible to limit the consumption of carrier fluid while obtaining very good cleaning results, especially in terms of eliminating greasiness present on the objects. to clean. The invention will more generally find its applications for the cleaning of fine pollution, thickness less than 3 mm, among others. It also allows the use of nozzles of limited size, including the nozzles having divergents whose length between the neck and the outlet orifice of the nozzle is less than 50 mm.
For the avoidance of doubt, the term "section" is used in the following to mean the section of the nozzle in a plane orthogonal to its direction of longitudinal extension, that is to say, the principal direction in which the nozzle leads. the fluid that passes through it.

Selon différents aspects de ce premier mode de réalisation, qui pourront être pris ensemble ou séparément :

  • la longueur l de ladite section croit de façon linéaire au niveau du ou de chacun desdits étages du divergent en allant du col vers l'orifice de sortie de la buse,
  • ladite section présente une largeur h sensiblement décroissante, au niveau du ou de chacun desdits étage du divergent, en allant du col vers l'orifice de sortie de la buse,
  • l'orifice de sortie de la buse se présente sous la forme d'une fente présentant une largeur inférieure à 1,5 mm et/ou une longueur comprise entre 20 et 50 mm,
  • le col présente une section rectangulaire.
According to different aspects of this first embodiment, which can be taken together or separately:
  • the length l of said section linearly increases at the or each of said stages of the divergent from the neck to the outlet orifice of the nozzle,
  • said section has a substantially decreasing width h, at or of each of said divergent stages, from the neck to the outlet orifice of the nozzle,
  • the outlet orifice of the nozzle is in the form of a slot having a width less than 1.5 mm and / or a length of between 20 and 50 mm,
  • the neck has a rectangular section.

Pour éviter tout doute, le terme « angle de divergence » aura dans la suite la signification suivante. Pour les buses dont le divergent présente une section rectangulaire dans laquelle la longueur l croit linéairement, il s'agit de l'angle correspondant à la pente d'accroissement de ladite longueur l pour le ou chacun des étages du divergent. Pour les buses dont le divergent présente une section ronde, il s'agit de l'angle au sommet du cône portant le tronc de cône formant le ou chacun des étages du divergent.For the avoidance of doubt, the term "angle of divergence" will have the following meaning in the following. For the nozzles whose divergent has a rectangular section in which the length l linearly increases, it is the angle corresponding to the slope of increase of said length l for the or each of the stages of the divergent. For the nozzles whose divergent has a round section, it is the angle at the apex of the cone bearing the truncated cone forming the or each of the stages of the divergent.

Selon une première variante, le divergent du dispositif conforme à l'invention présente un seul étage, ledit étage étant muni d'un angle de divergence α de l'ordre de 6°. On obtient alors une grande efficacité de nettoyage.
Selon une seconde variante, ledit divergent présente un seul étage, ledit étage étant muni d'un angle de divergence α supérieur à 7°, notamment supérieur à 15°. On obtient alors un jet évasé avec une surface d'impact agrandie.According to a first variant, the divergent device according to the invention has a single stage, said stage being provided with a divergence angle α of the order of 6 °. This gives a high cleaning efficiency.
According to a second variant, said divergent has a single stage, said stage being provided with a divergence angle α greater than 7 °, in particular greater than 15 °. A flared jet is then obtained with an enlarged impact surface.

Dans une troisième variante de réalisation, le divergent présente un second étage, ledit premier étage présentant un angle de divergence de l'ordre de 6° et le second étage un angle de divergence supérieur à 7°, notamment supérieur à 15°.
On combine alors un effet d'accélération des particules, favorable à l'efficacité du nettoyage, à un effet d'élargissement de la zone d'impact des particules.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, ledit col est un col sonique. Par ailleurs, la buse pourra présenter un convergent prévu en amont du col selon le sens de circulation du fluide moteur, chargés desdites particules, et dans lequel le convergent et le divergent sont raccordé directement l'un à l'autre au niveau du col.In a third variant embodiment, the divergent has a second stage, said first stage having a divergence angle of the order of 6 ° and the second stage a divergence angle greater than 7 °, in particular greater than 15 °.
A particle acceleration effect favorable to cleaning efficiency is then combined with a broadening effect of the impact zone of the particles.
According to one aspect of the invention, said neck is a sonic neck. Furthermore, the nozzle may have a convergent provided upstream of the neck in the direction of flow of the driving fluid, charged with said particles, and wherein the convergent and the divergent are connected directly to one another at the neck.

Un telle buse présente des performances de nettoyage moindre que les précédentes mais reste intéressante en ce qu'elle permet aussi une diminution de la consommation de fluide porteur.
L'invention concerne aussi une buse d'un dispositif de projection tel que décrit plus haut.Such a nozzle has less cleaning performance than the previous but remains interesting in that it also allows a reduction in the carrier fluid consumption.
The invention also relates to a nozzle of a projection device as described above.

L'invention est détaillée dans la suite, accompagnée des dessins en annexe parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 illustre de façon schématique un exemple de dispositif de projection conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 2a illustre en vue de face un premier exemple de réalisation d'une buse du dispositif conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 2b est une vue de côté d'après la figure 2a,
  • la figure 2c est vue de dessus d'après la figure 2a,
  • la figure 3a illustre en vue de côté un second exemple de réalisation d'une buse du dispositif conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 3b est une vue de face d'après la figure 3a,
  • la figure 3c est vue de dessus d'après la figure 3a,
  • la figure 4a illustre en vue de face un troisième exemple de réalisation d'une buse du dispositif conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 4b est une vue de côté d'après la figure 4a,
  • la figure 4c est vue de dessus d'après la figure 4a.
The invention is detailed below, accompanied by the appended drawings among which:
  • the figure 1 schematically illustrates an exemplary projection device according to the invention,
  • the figure 2a illustrates in front view a first embodiment of a nozzle of the device according to the invention,
  • the figure 2b is a side view according to the figure 2a ,
  • the Figure 2c is seen from above according to the figure 2a ,
  • the figure 3a illustrates in side view a second embodiment of a nozzle of the device according to the invention,
  • the figure 3b is a front view according to the figure 3a ,
  • the figure 3c is seen from above according to the figure 3a ,
  • the figure 4a illustrates in front view a third embodiment of a nozzle of the device according to the invention,
  • the figure 4b is a side view according to the figure 4a ,
  • the figure 4c is seen from above according to the figure 4a .

Comme illustré à la figure 1, l'invention concerne un dispositif de projection de particules de glace sèche, par exemple de glace carbonique, notamment pour le nettoyage de surfaces.As illustrated in figure 1 the invention relates to a device for blasting dry ice particles, for example dry ice, in particular for cleaning surfaces.

Ledit dispositif comprend un pistolet 10 muni, notamment, d'une alimentation 1 en fluide moteur, d'une alimentation 2 en dioxyde de carbone liquide et d'une chambre 3 de formation des particules de glace carbonique. Il comprend également une buse 4, raccordée au pistolet 10, projetant, sous l'action du fluide moteur, les particules formées dans la chambre.Said device comprises a gun 10 provided, in particular, with a supply 1 of driving fluid, a supply 2 of liquid carbon dioxide and a chamber 3 for the formation of dry ice particles. It also comprises a nozzle 4, connected to the gun 10, projecting, under the action of the driving fluid, the particles formed in the chamber.

Ledit fluide moteur pénètre ainsi dans le dispositif par l'alimentation 1 en fluide moteur puis se charge des particules de glace générées dans la chambre 3, à l'échappement de ladite chambre. On forme de la sorte un flux de fluide moteur et de particules de glace qui traverse la buse 4 pour être projeté sur la pièce à nettoyer. Autrement dit, la buse 4 permet le passage du fluide moteur, ce dernier entraînant lesdites particules. Ledit fluide moteur est, par exemple, de l'air comprimé.Said driving fluid thus enters the device through the supply 1 of the driving fluid and then charges the ice particles generated in the chamber 3, to the exhaust of said chamber. This forms a flow of motor fluid and ice particles that passes through the nozzle 4 to be projected on the part to be cleaned. In other words, the nozzle 4 allows the passage of the motor fluid, the latter driving said particles. Said driving fluid is, for example, compressed air.

Comme illustré aux figures suivantes, ladite buse 4 présente un orifice 5 de sortie et comprend un col 6 et un divergent 7. Ledit divergent 7 s'étend entre le col 6 et l'orifice de sortie 5 de la buse.As illustrated in the following figures, said nozzle 4 has an outlet orifice 5 and comprises a neck 6 and a divergent 7. Said divergent 7 extends between the neck 6 and the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle.

Ladite buse 4 comprend en outre ici un convergent 8, placé en amont du col 6 dans le sens de circulation du flux. Elle pourra aussi présenter un raccord 9 au pistolet 10. Ledit raccord 9 est éventuellement muni d'une bague de fixation 10, prévue au niveau d'une partie filetée dudit raccord 10.Said nozzle 4 further comprises here a convergent 8, placed upstream of the neck 6 in the flow direction of flow. It may also have a connection 9 to the gun 10. Said connector 9 is optionally provided with a fixing ring 10 provided at a threaded portion of said connector 10.

Ladite buse présente un axe d'extension longitudinale 11, c'est-à-dire, un axe correspondant à la direction principale du flux qui la traverse.Said nozzle has a longitudinal extension axis 11, that is to say, an axis corresponding to the main direction of the flow that passes through it.

Ledit divergent 7 présente au moins un premier étage s'étendant entre le col 6 et un orifice de sortie 5, 12 dudit premier étage, situé à l'opposé du col 6 dans le sens de circulation du flux. Le col 6 et ladite sortie 5, 12 du premier étage du divergent 7 sont, par exemple, orthogonaux à l'axe 11 d'extension longitudinale de la buse.Said divergent 7 has at least a first stage extending between the neck 6 and an outlet orifice 5, 12 of said first stage, located opposite the neck 6 in the direction circulation flow. The neck 6 and said outlet 5, 12 of the first stage of the divergent 7 are, for example, orthogonal to the axis 11 of longitudinal extension of the nozzle.

Selon l'invention, le rapport entre la surface du col 6 et la surface dudit orifice 5, 12 de sortie du premier étage du divergent est supérieur à 0,2, notamment à 0,5, en particulier supérieur à 0,73. Il sera, par exemple, inférieur à 0,9. Le déposant a en effet constaté que ce paramètre est dimensionnant en ce qui concerne la qualité du nettoyage obtenu et la consommation de fluide porteur. Il permet en particulier une accélération adéquate des particules pour une consommation réduite en fluide moteur. Il pourra être compris, par exemple, entre 0,8 et 0,9.According to the invention, the ratio between the surface of the neck 6 and the surface of said outlet orifice 5, 12 of the first stage of the divergent is greater than 0.2, especially 0.5, in particular greater than 0.73. It will be, for example, less than 0.9. The applicant has indeed found that this parameter is sizing with respect to the quality of the cleaning obtained and the consumption of carrier fluid. It allows in particular an adequate acceleration of the particles for a reduced consumption of motor fluid. It can be understood, for example, between 0.8 and 0.9.

Comme illustré, ledit divergent 7 présente, par exemple, une section rectangulaire. La longueur l de ladite section croit de façon linéaire au niveau du ou de chacun desdits étages du divergent 7 en allant du col 6 vers l'orifice 5 de sortie de la buse 4.As illustrated, said divergent 7 has, for example, a rectangular section. The length l of said section increases linearly at the level of each of said stages of the diverging portion 7, going from the neck 6 towards the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle 4.

Selon un premier exemple de réalisation, correspondant aux figures 2a à 2c, ledit divergent 7 présente un étage unique et ladite section présente une largeur h sensiblement constante en allant du col 6 vers l'orifice 5 de sortie de la buse 4. Il s'agit, notamment d'une largeur h configurée à la taille des particules formées. On pourra ainsi utiliser une largeur h inférieure à 2 mm, par exemple de l'ordre de 1,2 ou 1,3 mm.According to a first exemplary embodiment, corresponding to Figures 2a to 2c , said divergent 7 has a single stage and said section has a substantially constant width h going from the neck 6 to the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle 4. It is, in particular a width h configured at the size of the formed particles. It will thus be possible to use a width h less than 2 mm, for example of the order of 1.2 or 1.3 mm.

Le col 6 présente ici une section rectangulaire dont l'une des dimensions correspond à la largeur h du divergent 7.The neck 6 here has a rectangular section, one of the dimensions of which corresponds to the width h of the diverging portion 7.

Ledit divergent présente par ailleurs un angle de divergence α supérieur à 7°, permettant d'obtenir un élargissement du flux en sortie de buse. Il s'agit ici d'un angle d'environ 45°. En variante, il pourrait s'agir d'un angle d'environ 6° permettant de conserver un flux sensiblement droit en sortie de buse.Said divergent has also a divergence angle α greater than 7 °, to obtain an enlargement of the nozzle outlet flow. This is an angle of about 45 °. Alternatively, it could be an angle of about 6 ° to maintain a substantially straight stream nozzle outlet.

De façon plus générale, ledit divergent 7 pourra présenter une longueur L de ladite buse 4, mesurée entre le col 6 et l'orifice 5 de sortie de ladite buse 4, une longueur lS de la section du divergent au niveau de ladite sortie 5 de la buse et un angle de divergence α suivant la loi suivante : 0,05 × I S / tan α ≤ L ≤ 0,4 × I S / tan α .

Figure imgb0001
More generally, said divergent portion 7 may have a length L of said nozzle 4, measured between the neck 6 and the outlet orifice 5 of said nozzle 4, a length 1 S of the divergent section at said outlet 5 of the nozzle and an angle of divergence α according to the following law: 0.05 × I S / tan α ≤ The ≤ 0.4 × I S / tan α .
Figure imgb0001

En particulier, L pourra avoir comme limite supérieure : (0,1 x lS) / tan (α).In particular, L may have as upper limit: (0.1 x S ) / tan (α).

Selon un second exemple de réalisation, correspondant aux figures 3a à 3c, ledit divergent 7 présente un étage unique et ladite section présente une largeur h sensiblement décroissante, notamment de façon linéaire, en allant du col 6 vers l'orifice 5 de sortie de la buse 4.According to a second embodiment, corresponding to Figures 3a to 3c said diverging portion 7 has a single stage and said section has a substantially decreasing width h, in particular linearly, from the neck 6 to the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle 4.

Le col 6 présente ici également une section rectangulaire dont l'une des dimensions correspond à la largeur h du divergent 7 au niveau de sa zone de raccordement avec le col 6.The neck 6 here also has a rectangular section, one of the dimensions of which corresponds to the width h of the diverging portion 7 at its zone of connection with the neck 6.

Ledit divergent 7 présente par ailleurs un angle de divergence α supérieur à 7°, permettant d'obtenir un élargissement du flux en sortie de buse. Il s'agit ici d'un angle d'environ 70°.Said divergent 7 also has a divergence angle α greater than 7 °, to obtain an enlargement of the nozzle outlet flow. This is an angle of about 70 °.

Dans les deux cas précédents, on constate que l'orifice de sortie 5 de la buse se présente sous la forme d'une fente. Celle-ci pourra présenter une hauteur inférieure à 2 mm, notamment de l'ordre de 1,2 ou 1,3 mm et/ou une longueur comprise entre 10 et 50 mm, notamment entre 20 et 50 mm.In the two previous cases, it is found that the outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle is in the form of a slot. This may have a height of less than 2 mm, in particular of the order of 1.2 or 1.3 mm and / or a length of between 10 and 50 mm, in particular between 20 and 50 mm.

Selon un troisième mode de réalisation, correspondant aux figures 4a à 4c, ledit divergent 7 présente un premier étage 20 et un second étage 21. Ledit premier étage 20 présente un angle de divergence de l'ordre de 6° et le second étage 21 un angle de divergence supérieur à 7°, par exemple entre 30 et 60°, ici environ 45°.According to a third embodiment, corresponding to Figures 4a to 4c said divergent 7 has a first stage 20 and a second stage 21. Said first stage 20 has a divergence angle of the order of 6 ° and the second stage 21 has an angle of divergence greater than 7 °, for example between 30 and 60 °, here about 45 °.

Sans prétendre à être une explication complète des phénomènes en cause, le premier étage 20 permet une accélération des particules avec une consommation de fluide moteur minimum tandis que le deuxième permet l'élargissement du flux, ceci en limitant la surconsommation de fluide moteur, les particules bénéficiant de l'énergie cinétique acquise dans le premier étage.Without pretending to be a complete explanation of the phenomena in question, the first stage 20 allows an acceleration of the particles with a minimum motor fluid consumption while the second allows the widening of the flow, this by limiting the overconsumption of the driving fluid, the particles enjoying the kinetic energy acquired in the first floor.

Chacun des étages est ici de section rectangulaire, du type de celui du mode de réalisation des figures 2, c'est-à-dire, à largeur h constante et longueur l croissant linéairement. Les valeurs de la largeur h pourront aussi être identiques à celle du mode de réalisation des figures 2. Elles sont identiques d'un étage à l'autre.Each of the stages here is of rectangular section, of the type of the embodiment of the figures 2 that is to say, with constant width h and length l linearly increasing. The values of the width h may also be identical to that of the embodiment of the figures 2 . They are identical from one floor to another.

Le col 6 présente ici une section rectangulaire dont l'une des dimensions correspond à la largeur h du premier étage du divergent 7. L'orifice d'entrée du second étage du divergent 7 correspond à l'orifice de sortie 12 du premier étage dudit divergent 7. L'orifice de sortie 5 de la buse pourra à nouveau se présenter sous la forme d'une fente. Celle-ci pourra présenter une hauteur inférieure à 2 mm, notamment de l'ordre de 1,2 ou 1,3 mm et/ou une longueur comprise entre 40 et 60 mm.The neck 6 here has a rectangular section, one of the dimensions of which corresponds to the width h of the first stage of the diverging portion 7. The inlet orifice of the second stage of the divergent 7 corresponds to the outlet orifice 12 of the first stage of said divergent 7. The outlet orifice 5 of the nozzle may again be in the form of a slot. This may have a height of less than 2 mm, in particular of the order of 1.2 or 1.3 mm and / or a length of between 40 and 60 mm.

La formule donnée plus haut est également valable, au moins pour le premier étage 20. En ce qui concerne le second étage 21, il présentera avantageusement un rapport entre la surface de son orifice de sortie 5 et la surface de son orifice d'entrée, correspondant à l'orifice de sortie 12 du premier étage 20, supérieur à 0,7. Il sera en particulier compris entre 0,8 et 0,9.The formula given above is also valid, at least for the first stage 20. As regards the second stage 21, it will advantageously have a ratio between the surface of its outlet orifice 5 and the surface of its inlet orifice, corresponding to the outlet orifice 12 of the first stage 20, greater than 0.7. In particular, it will be between 0.8 and 0.9.

Selon un autre exemple de réalisation, non illustré, ledit divergent présente une section circulaire. Autrement dit, le divergent est de forme tronconique. Ledit col pourra alors présenter une section circulaire. L'angle de divergence pourra être de l'ordre de 6° ou supérieur à 7°, avec les mêmes effets que ceux décrits plus haut.According to another embodiment, not shown, said divergent has a circular section. In other words, the divergent is frustoconical. Said neck may then have a circular section. The angle of divergence may be of the order of 6 ° or greater than 7 °, with the same effects as those described above.

A titre d'exemple, les divergents 7 des buses 4 conformes à l'invention présentent une longueur, mesurée entre le col et l'orifice de sortie de la buse, inférieure à 200 mm, notamment à 50 mm. Il pourra s'agir, notamment, d'une longueur inférieur à 10 mm pour des buses à un étage et présentant un angle de divergence supérieur à 7° ou une longueur inférieure à 40 mm pour des buses à deux étages telles que décrites plus haut.By way of example, the divergents 7 of the nozzles 4 according to the invention have a length, measured between the neck and the outlet orifice of the nozzle, of less than 200 mm, in particular of 50 mm. It may be, in particular, a length of less than 10 mm for single-stage nozzles having a divergence angle greater than 7 ° or a length of less than 40 mm for two-stage nozzles as described above. .

Cela étant, ledit col 6 est un col sonique et on fournira en entrée de la buse 4 une pression absolue comprise, par exemple, entre 4 et 16 bars absolus, notamment entre 4 et 6 bars absolus.That being so, said neck 6 is a sonic neck and will provide at the inlet of the nozzle 4 an absolute pressure of, for example, between 4 and 16 bar absolute, especially between 4 and 6 bar absolute.

Comme illustré aux figures 4a à 4c, le convergent 8 et le divergent 7 sont raccordés directement l'un à l'autre au niveau du col 6. Autrement dit, le col 6 est un simple plan. En variante, comme illustré aux figures 2a à 2c et 3a à 3c, le col 6 pourra présenter une longueur non nulle. Bien sûr, ces différentes solutions ne sont pas attachées aux modes particuliers de réalisation dans lesquels ils sont illustrés.As illustrated in Figures 4a to 4c , the convergent 8 and the divergent 7 are connected directly to one another at the neck 6. In other words, the neck 6 is a simple plane. Alternatively, as illustrated in Figures 2a to 2c and 3a to 3c collar 6 may have a non-zero length. Of course, these different solutions are not attached to the particular embodiments in which they are illustrated.

Par ailleurs, le convergent 8 pourra présenter deux étages, comme dans le mode de réalisation des figures 4a à 4c, où sa section décroit d'abord dans une première direction sur une première portion 30 puis dans une autre direction, orthogonale à la première direction, dans une seconde portion 31.Moreover, the convergent 8 may have two floors, as in the embodiment of the Figures 4a to 4c , where its section first decreases in a first direction on a first portion 30 and then in another direction, orthogonal to the first direction, in a second portion 31.

Dans une autre variante, non illustrée, la buse ne comprend pas de divergent. Son orifice de sortie se trouve donc au niveau de son col. L'accélération obtenue sera ainsi limitée à celle offerte par le col sonique, ce qui pourra cependant suffire et même être plus favorable, notamment pour le nettoyage de surfaces peu sale et/ou particulièrement fragile.In another variant, not shown, the nozzle does not include diverging. Its outlet is at the level of his collar. The acceleration obtained will thus be limited to that offered by the sonic collar, which may however be sufficient and even more favorable, especially for the cleaning of lightly soiled and / or particularly fragile surfaces.

Claims (7)

  1. Device for spraying particles of dry ice, in particular for cleaning surfaces, comprising a spray nozzle (4), allowing passage of a drive fluid entraining said particles, said nozzle (4) having an outlet orifice (5) and comprising a neck (6) and a divergent part (7), said divergent part (7) extending between the neck (6) and the outlet orifice of the nozzle (5), characterised in that said divergent part (7) has at least a first stage extending between the neck (6) and an outlet orifice of said first stage (5, 12) where the ratio between the surface area of the neck (6) and the surface area of said outlet orifice (5, 12) of the first stage of the divergent part is greater than 0.2, and where said divergent part (7) has a rectangular cross section, the width h of which is substantially decreasing in the direction from the neck (6) towards the outlet orifice (5) of the nozzle.
  2. Device according to claim 1, in which the length l of said cross section increases linearly at the or each of said stages of the divergent part (7), going from the neck (6) towards the outlet orifice (5) of the nozzle.
  3. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said divergent part (7) has a single stage, said stage being provided with an angle of divergence α of around 6°.
  4. Device according to any one of claim 1 or claim 2, in which said divergent part (7) has a single stage, said stage being provided with an angle of divergence α greater than 7°.
  5. Device according to any one of claim 1 or claim 2, in which said divergent part (7) has a second stage, said first stage (20) having an angle of divergence of around 6° and the second stage (21) an angle of divergence greater than 7°.
  6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the neck (6) is a sonic neck.
  7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the nozzle (4) has a convergent part (8), provided upstream of the neck in the direction of flow of the drive fluid, containing said particles, and in which the convergent part (8) and the divergent part (7) are connected directly to each other at the neck (6).
EP12734970.2A 2011-06-29 2012-06-19 Nozzle for spraying dry ice, notably dry ice made from carbon dioxide Active EP2726211B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1155802A FR2977183B1 (en) 2011-06-29 2011-06-29 DEVICE FOR PROJECTING DRY ICE, IN PARTICULAR CARBON ICE
PCT/FR2012/051375 WO2013001205A1 (en) 2011-06-29 2012-06-19 Nozzle for spraying dry ice, notably dry ice made from carbon dioxide

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EP2726211A1 EP2726211A1 (en) 2014-05-07
EP2726211B1 true EP2726211B1 (en) 2018-01-03

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FR3080791B1 (en) * 2018-05-04 2021-06-04 Critt Techniques Jet Fluide Et Usinage DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF A MATERIAL
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US12103018B2 (en) 2019-07-30 2024-10-01 HEN Nozzles Inc. High-efficiency smooth bore nozzles
BR112022013018A2 (en) 2019-12-31 2022-09-06 Cold Jet Llc METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVED BLASTING FLOW
CA3223691A1 (en) * 2021-06-22 2022-12-29 Sunny Sethi Nozzle with adjustable spray

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WO2013001205A1 (en) 2013-01-03
CA2835359C (en) 2020-03-24
WO2013001205A9 (en) 2013-02-21
EP2726211A1 (en) 2014-05-07
FR2977183A1 (en) 2013-01-04
US20140131484A1 (en) 2014-05-15
CA2835359A1 (en) 2013-01-03

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