EP2704838B1 - Device for the impact crushing and dispensing of materials, in particular wood, in several fractions - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for impact crushing and spreading of materials, in particular of wood, in several fractions, according to the preamble of claim 1.

From the prior art, it is known to process components composed of various materials, such as metal parts, glass, rubber, wood, polymers, fibrous materials, composite materials, with powder or plastic coated aluminum profiles or the like, in impact reactors, in which the components are crushed by the impact of baffle elements, which are accommodated on a rotor rotating at high speed in a cylindrical base body.

From the EP 0 859 693 B1 are in this context, a method and an apparatus for processing components of mixtures, in particular mixed plastics, known in which a baffle reactor, which is accommodated in a cylindrical body, having a rotatable by a drive motor rotor. The height-adjustable in the base body rotor is made of wear-resistant steel and has at its ends releasably received baffle elements, which crush the introduced components by the resulting impact impact stress in different sized fragments, which can then be separated from each other. The cited document gives no indication that the comminuted particles are deposited in several fractions with different particle sizes by means of downstream sieves arranged one above the other, which are directly downstream of the ejection opening of the impact reactor. Furthermore, a baffle device for crushing wood is made WO2004024331 known.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a compact apparatus with which a variety of materials can be crushed by impact stress and dispensed in different fractions.

This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.

Further features of the invention are described in the subclaims. According to the invention, a device for comminuting material, in particular of wood, comprises a baffle reactor which has a substantially cylindrical basic body in whose closed interior a rotor driven by a motor rotates with at least one baffle element which contacts the material and produces a crushed high momentum transfer into partial components. The device further comprises an ejection box which is connected to the interior of the cylindrical base body via an ejection opening, and a first auger arranged in the ejection box below the ejection opening for conveying the comminuted material from the ejection box. The device according to the invention is characterized in that below the ejection opening a first sieve with a first mesh width is arranged which, viewed from the ejection opening, extends inclined towards the first auger relative to the horizontal, and that below the first sieve one relative to the horizontal inclined sliding surface or a relative to the horizontal inclined second sieve is arranged, which has a relation to the first mesh size reduced second mesh size. The sliding surface, or the second sieve, extending from the cylindrical base body to a second screw conveyor, which is arranged below the first screw conveyor. By the invention there is the advantage that the ejection box of the device according to the invention can be kept comparatively compact in terms of its dimensions, since the required footprint for the sieves - which is determined by the vertical projection of the sieves - by the inclined arrangement of the same against their effectively reduced effective screen area.

Due to the inclination of the first sieve, there is the further advantage that the particles remaining on this remaining particles, which do not pass downwards through the sieve meshes, slip downwards in the direction of the feed screw due to their own weight and thereby the sieve surface in the region of the ejection opening for the following to release the particle mixture emerging from the ejection opening. As a result, clogging of the screen surface is counteracted in an advantageous manner. The aforementioned advantage also results for the second sieve, which is preferably arranged at the same angle of inclination as the first sieve on a plane extending substantially parallel to the sieve surface of the first sieve, below the first sieve.

Furthermore, in particular by equipping the ejection box with a second sieve has the advantage that desired cases, a fine fractionation of the crushed material can be made directly, which leaves the impingement reactor, without - as in the prior art - additional, away from Impeller reactor arranged screening devices are needed, which the material in a complex manner, for example must be supplied via conveyor belts.

Alternatively, instead of the second screen, a sliding surface may be provided, which is a falling out of the passing through the first sieve particles, which are also referred to below as undersize, down from the Ejector box prevented. Since the sliding surface, which closes the collecting container in this case preferably downwards dust-tight, all the particles passing through the first sieve particles to the second screw out, occurs in this embodiment of the invention, the entire sub-grain in the screw conveyor, whereby the formation of dust in Compared to the use of an immediately below the first screen surface set up open collection container is significantly reduced.

In the preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the ejection opening can be closed by a third sieve which has an enlarged mesh size compared to the mesh size of the first sieve.

Through the use of a third screen with a relation to the first sieve enlarged mesh size, which closes the ejection opening, there is the advantage that in a continuous process only the previously described manner on a predetermined by the mesh size of the third screen maximum size material particles through the pass third sieve into the ejection box. By contrast, the remaining material, which has not yet been sufficiently comminuted, remains in the impact space of the impact reactor and is continuously further comminuted there until it likewise assumes a diameter which is smaller than the mesh width of the third screen.

Alternatively or simultaneously with the use of a third screen, it can also be provided that the ejection opening can be closed by a flap or a slide, whereby the possibility of a discontinuous transfer of the comminuted material from the baffle space into the ejection box is created in an advantageous manner. This alternative embodiment has the advantage that the supply amount of crushed material controlled in the ejection box to regulate, if desired, the amount of shredded material on the first and / or second screen. As a result, it is possible in particular to effectively prevent overflowing or overshooting of the sieves and clogging of the conveying screws. In addition, in this alternative embodiment, the additional advantage that the removal of the crushed material from the baffle out can be made controlled by other parameters, for example, based on the located in the crushed particles, or in the baffle moisture, which to avoid a lump formation and an associated clogging of the sieves must not be too high.

Furthermore, it has been found to be particularly advantageous when a combination of the third sieve and a flap or slider is used to allow a discontinuous discharge of the material from the baffle into the ejection box.

In an advantageous further development of the device according to the invention, it may further be provided that below the second screen a sliding surface inclined relative to the horizontal or one or more further screens inclined relative to the horizontal are arranged, which have a reduced mesh size compared to the mesh size of the second screen. The one or more screens each extend from the cylindrical base body with the same angle of inclination as the first and second screens to a respective further conveyor screw, which is preferably arranged directly below the second conveyor screw. The screw conveyors preferably extend in one and the same vertical plane, which extends in particular parallel to the axis of rotation of the rotor outside the baffle space.

This has the advantage that a fine compact fractionation of the comminuted material can be carried out in a single compact device without additional downstream separation devices, as is desirable, for example, in the comminution of a starting material for immediate further processing of the individual fractions of the comminuted material. Thus, in the comminution of wood for chipboard production, which is the impact space in the form of roughly pre-shredded pieces of wood with a diameter of e.g. 20 to 50 cm, three sieve fractions having a grain size in the range of e.g. 20 to 15 mm, 15 to 5 mm and 5 to 0 mm in one operation and produce with one and the same compact device. These three fractions can be fed directly into the production process of chipboard as starting material for the different layers of chipboard to be produced, which considerably reduces the device outlay and thus the production costs.

As has already been carried out in connection with the first sieve, below the second, or lowermost further sieve, a sliding surface inclined relative to the horizontal is arranged, which extends from the cylindrical basic body to a corresponding further conveying screw. As a result, a conclusion of the ejection box is formed downwards in an advantageous manner. This embodiment has in particular the further advantage that the entire, passed through the overlying sieves sieved undersize is passed over the inclined sliding surface in a screw trough, in which rotates the lowermost screw conveyor, whereby the dust can be further reduced in addition.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the first and / or the second screw conveyor are rotatably mounted within an open at its top tubular tube trough, in which screen openings are formed, the have one of the mesh size of each adjacent screen corresponding opening size. The use of a snail trough equipped with sieve openings has the advantage that particles with a smaller diameter in relation to the mesh size of a sieve, which inadvertently get into the worm trough associated with the sieve in question, still pass through the sieve openings in the worm trough below lying sieve or fall into the underlying screw trough and thereby be applied according to their size in the correct sieve fraction. This is additionally promoted by the rotating conveying movement of the screws in the screw trough and the resulting mixing and circulation of the particles in the screw trough.

Due to the conveying and circulating movement of the material within the screw troughs provided with openings at least partially on their underside, there is the further advantage that particles which merely adhere loosely to one another or are connected to one another only at a comparatively narrow connection point, by the conveying movement and thus accompanying mechanical friction are separated from each other and then pass according to their size through the screen openings on the underlying sieves, or augers.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, it may be advantageous if the third sieve has a mesh size in the range of 20 mm, the first sieve a mesh width in the range of 15 mm and the second sieve a mesh width in the range of 5 mm. As a result, a uniform fractionation with corresponding size ranges is achieved in an advantageous manner, as required for example by the woodworking industry for the production of wood chip materials, such as pressboard. The wood particles must be present in different sizes to a particle board on the one hand the smoothest possible surface and on the other hand a high To give resilience. For this purpose, in the load-receiving middle layer preferably larger and flatter particles are used, which ensure a more uniform surface distribution of the forces acting on the plate. To produce the smooth cover layer on the top and bottom of the chipboard, however, the smallest possible particles are applied.

Alternatively, a different assignment of the mesh sizes of the sieves can also be carried out, so that, for example, by approximating the mesh sizes of the first and second sieve advantageously with a reduction of the statistical portion of the corresponding size range undesirable, too large or too small particles, the purity of the variety the material particle is increased. Furthermore, by reducing and thus approaching the mesh size of the third screen to the mesh size of the first screen, the amount of particles above the desired area can also be reduced because, on the one hand, the particles stay longer in the baffle space to be sufficiently crushed and, on the other hand, through a narrower range between the mesh sizes of the first and third screen, the proportion of too large particles in the particle mixture is reduced, which passes through the third sieve.

According to a further idea underlying the invention, horizontally extending barrier strips can be arranged on the first screen, which reduce the speed of the comminuted material emerging from the ejection opening as it moves along the inclined screen. The resulting advantage is that the residual proportion of smaller particles in the particle mixture discharged by the first screw conveyor is minimized, since the residence time on the first screen is increased by the barrier strips. This allows for a more precise overall separation of the particles by the first Sieve, as the risk of a crossing of the sieve is reduced by the longer residence time.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the first and / or the second sieve each have a sieve bottom or an effective sieve surface which is inclined relative to the horizontal at an angle in the range of 20 ° and 70 °, in particular in the range of 30 ° to 45 ° is, and which can be advantageously changed within these limits.

This opens up the possibility that, for example, a high ejection speed of the particles passing through the ejection opening onto the first screen, e.g. may be required for the separation of mixtures by a corresponding peripheral speed of the rotor, can be compensated by an appropriate choice of the inclination of the sieve plate of the first sieve. If necessary, it may even be necessary for this purpose to orient the first sieve at an angle which is negative with respect to the other sieves, so that the particles exiting through the ejection orifice directly impinge upon it at an angle of e.g. 45 ° tilted arranged first sieve and then slide down towards the outside of the baffle reactor on the first sieve bottom. The first auger is in this case located below the discharge opening in the region near the outer wall of the impact reactor, and the second sieve is located in the same direction of inclination or the opposite direction of inclination in the manner previously described below the first sieve.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the first and / or second sieve and / or optionally the further sieve has one or more unbalance motors through which the respective sieve can be set in vibration. Here, the first and second sieve preferably via vibration-damped elastic Suspensions or buffers attached to the peripheral surfaces of the ejection box and are, for example, via a coupled to the respective screen, offset by a motor in rotation, eccentrically mounted flywheel vibrated.

The excitation of the first and second sieve to oscillations advantageously results in that the particle mixture is fluidized on the respective sieve, whereby with a corresponding choice of the oscillation frequency and the type of oscillation, the larger particles on the sieve upwards and the smaller particles migrate downwards, which additionally supports the screening process and improves the quality of the fractions obtained.

The invention will be described below with reference to the drawings with reference to a preferred embodiment.

In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a schematic side view of the device according to the invention,

Fig. 2

a perspective view of the device without wall portions of the ejection box, and

Fig. 3

a schematic plan view of the device according to the invention.

As in Fig. 1 is shown, a device 1 according to the invention for crushing of different materials such as wood, metals, plastics and mixtures and composites of these substances comprises a baffle reactor 2, which has a substantially cylindrical base body 4, in its closed interior 6, a rotor 8 with a high Rotates speed at which a plurality of preferably replaceable baffle elements 10 are arranged made of a high-strength material. The drive of the rotor 8 via a motor 12, which is preferably an electric motor, but also an internal combustion engine or the engine a motor vehicle, such as a tractor, may be that drives the rotor 8 via a PTO and a not-shown angle gear.

Furthermore, the device 1 of the invention comprises an outwardly closed ejection box 14 which is arranged on the outer wall of the cylindrical base body 4 and communicates with the interior 6 of the cylindrical base body 4 via an ejection opening 16 in fluid communication. The ejection opening 16, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, a continuous third screen 20c with a mesh size of preferably 20 mm. The sieve 20c can be covered by a flap 18a or a slide 18b which can be folded, for example, along the double arrow shown, in such a way that the ejection opening 16 is partially or completely closed and the passage of comminuted material is prevented.

The third screen 20c inserted in the ejection port 16 fractionates the particles circulating in the interior 6 of the impingement reactor 2 by allowing such particles smaller than the mesh size of the third screen 20c of preferably 20 mm to enter the ejection box 14, and larger particles and pieces from not yet sufficiently comminuted material in the interior 6 of the impingement reactor 2 withholds to supply them there to a further crushing process. Here controls the in Fig. 1 shown flap 18a the influx of crushed particles in the ejection box 14 by the flap 18a - or the in Fig. 3 shown two-piece slide 18b - is locked, for example, in a partially open position and thus the relative passage area of the discharge opening 16 can be continuously reduced. Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the discharge chute 14 to be charged batchwise with comminuted material by cyclically opening and closing the flap 18a or the slide 18b.

In the preferred embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention is within the ejection box 14, a first plane from a relative to the Horizontal inclined first wire 20 a arranged with a first mesh width, which extends from the lower end of the discharge opening 16 to the disposed below the discharge opening 16 first screw trough 26 a, in which a first screw conveyor 24 a is added to the crushed material from the ejection box 14th to promote. The mesh size of the first screen 20a is hereby preferably smaller than the mesh width of the third screen 20c, whereby a further fractionation of the comminuted material corresponding to the mesh width of preferably 15 mm takes place with this first plane. The particles, whose diameter is smaller than 15 mm, thereby fall through the meshes of the first screen 20a, the particles having a size between 15 and 20 mm above the first screen 20a remain and due to the inclination of the first screen 20a in the downward direction be passed into the first screw trough 26a. There they are conveyed laterally out of the ejection box 14 by the first screw conveyor 24a through an opening, not shown, for further processing or storage.

Like the presentation of Fig. 1 It can furthermore be seen in detail that the first screw trough 26a has screen openings 28 whose mesh width substantially corresponds to the mesh width of the first screen 20a. This makes it possible for particles which erroneously pass into the first screw trough 26a by passing the first sieve 20a to pass through the sieve openings 28 and still be separated from the larger particles according to the mesh size of the first sieve 20a.

The representation of Fig. 1 further shows that below the first screen plane consisting of the first screen 20a and the first scroll trough 26a, one of the first screen plane is arranged structurally substantially equal to the second screen plane comprising a second screen 20b inclined relative to the horizontal and a second conveyor screw 24b second screw trough 26b includes. The second wire 20b has a second mesh size of preferably 5 mm, which is smaller than the mesh size of the first screen 20a, preferably 15 mm, in order to separate the particles having a size in the range of 5 to 15 mm, which has passed through the first screen 20a, from those components having a size of less than 5 mm own. Due to the inclination of the second screen 20b, the particles remaining above the second screen 20b and having a diameter in the range of 5 to 15 mm are guided into the second screw trough 26b and conveyed out of the ejection box 14 by the second conveyor worm 24b. On the underside of the second screw trough 26b, which may consist of a tube in the same way as the first screw trough 26a, which has an upwardly facing opening only within the discharge box 14 in the connection region of the screen plane, preferably also screen openings are introduced which have an opening width which substantially corresponds to the mesh size of the second screen 20b.

According to another idea underlying the invention, the first and the second wire 20a, 20b - as in the illustration of Fig. 1 shown - on its underside an unbalance motor 32, which is preferably in mechanical connection with the not shown illustrative reasons side walls of the ejection box 14, whereby the sieves are set into vibration. The further shown vibration dampers or buffers 34, over which the first and second wires 20a, 20b are preferably supported on the side walls of the ejection box 14, are preferably arranged in the region of the edge facing the respective first and second screw troughs 26a, 26b so as to be able to oscillate about the wires store and at the same time to reduce the oscillation amplitude in the region of the first and second scroll troughs 26a, 26b. As a result, the vibrations of the sieves are decoupled from each other and also from the outwardly closed housing of the ejection box 14 and the screw conveyors 24a, 24b, whereby the vibration modes and amplitudes for each sieve can be optimally adapted to the material to be shredded. moreover The other components, such as in particular the screw conveyor, are not affected by the vibrations, so that increases their life in an advantageous manner.

Like the presentation of Fig. 1 can be removed, in the preferred embodiment of the invention below the second screen 20b a relative to the horizontal inclined sliding surface 22 is provided, which preferably also substantially parallel to the first and second wire 20a, 20b from the cylindrical base body 4 to a below the second screw conveyor 24b arranged third screw conveyor 24c extends, which is in a closed down third screw trough 26c - ie a screw trough, which in contrast to the screw troughs 26a and 26b has no screen openings 28 - is added. By the closed sliding surface 22 in conjunction with the third closed on the bottom screw trough 26 c, the finest passed through the first and the second wire 20 a, 20 b material components are conveyed out of the ejection box 14 out into a collecting container not shown in detail.

The second screen 24b preferably has the same angle of inclination to the horizontal as the first screen 24a, which is advantageously variable and, for example, in the range of 30 to 50 °.

The representation of Fig. 2 shows a schematic spatial side view of the impact reactor with the ejection box 14, in which the side walls are not shown for better representation of the screen planes, and the different mesh sizes are to be indicated by the different patterns of the first, second and third screen 20a, 20b, 20c. It can also be seen from this illustration that the barrier strips 30 extend over the entire width of the first screen 20a.

Furthermore, in Fig. 3 a schematic plan view of the device 1 according to the invention shown. It can be seen in detail from this illustration that the ejection opening 16 can be closed by the slide 18b, which comprises two slide parts and is shown in a partially opened position, by sliding the slide parts along the two double arrows. However, it is also conceivable that the slider 18b is made of a single slide plate, which can be moved or pivoted, for example by a vertical, for example upward sliding movement, to open the ejection opening 16. However, the slider 18b may also have an arcuate shape adapted to the rounding of the outer surface of the impingement reactor 2, and may be slidable in the circumferential direction or in the vertical direction to expose the ejection port 16.

The resulting due to the rounding of the outer wall of the baffle reactor 2 and the preferably rectilinear terminal edge of the first screen 20a intermediate region 21 is preferably formed as a closed and inclined sliding surface, along which the at low speed from the discharge opening 16 emerging shredded material, which is not from the front impinges on the screen surface of the first screen 20a, can slide in the direction of the first screen out.

In Fig. 3 is further exemplified a delivery pipe 38 in the axial extension of the first auger 24a is shown, which is received on the outside of the discharge box 14 in order to promote the material transported by the first screw conveyor 24a, for example, to a collecting container not shown further. The screw conveyor 24a is - in the same way as the other aforementioned screw conveyors - driven by a screw motor 36 shown by way of example in this illustration.

List of reference numbers

1

contraption

2

baffle reactor

4

body

6

Interior / baffle room

8th

rotor

10

baffle

12

engine

14

eject box

16

ejection port

18a

flap

18b

pusher

20a

first sieve

20b

second sieve

20c

third sieve

21

intermediate area

22

sliding surface

24a

first conveyor screw

24b

second screw conveyor

24c

third screw conveyor

26a

first snail trough

26b

second snail trough

26c

third snail trough

28

screen openings

30

barrier strips

32

Unbalance motor

34

vibration

36

auger motor

38

delivery pipe

Claims (8)

1. Device (1) for comminuting material, in particular wood, comprising an impact reactor (2) which has a substantially cylindrical base body (4) in the closed interior (6) of which a rotor (8), having at least one impact element (10) which contacts the material and comminutes it into subcomponents by generating a high pulse transmission, rotates, and comprising an ejection box (6) which is connected to the interior (6) of the cylindrical base body (4) via an ejection opening (16), and a first conveyor screw (24a), arranged in the ejection box (14) below the ejection opening (16), for conveying the comminuted material out of the ejection box (14),
   characterised in that
   a first sieve (20a) having a first mesh size is arranged below the ejection opening (16), and extends from the ejection opening (16) towards the first conveyor screw (24a) at an inclination to the horizontal, and in that a sliding face (22) at an inclination to the horizontal or a second sieve (20b) at an inclination to the horizontal having a reduced second mesh size in comparison with the first mesh size is arranged below the first sieve (20a), and extends from the cylindrical base body (4) towards a second conveyor screw (24b) arranged below the first conveyor screw (24a).
2. Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the ejection opening (16) can be sealed by a third sieve (20c) having an increased mesh width in comparison with the mesh width of the first sieve (20a) and/or by a flap (18a) and/or by a slide (18b).
3. Device according to either claim 1 or claim 2,
   characterised in that
   a sliding face (22) at an inclination to the horizontal or one or more further sieves at an inclination to the horizontal having a reduced mesh size in comparison with the second mesh size are arranged below the second sieve (20b), and each extend from the cylindrical base body (4) towards the associated further conveyor screws arranged below the second conveyor screw (24b).
4. Device according to any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that
   the first and/or second conveyor screws (24a, 24b) rotate in a tube-like screw trough (26a, 26b) which is open on the upper face thereof on in which sieve openings (28) are formed which have an opening size corresponding to the mesh size of the adjacent sieve (20a, 20b).
5. Device according to any of claims 1 to 4,
   characterised in that
   the third sieve (20c) has a mesh size in the region of 20 mm, the first sieve (20a) has a mesh size in the region of 15 mm, and the second sieve (20b) has a mesh size in the region of 5 mm.
6. Device according to any of claims 1 to 5,
   characterised in that
   horizontally extending barrier bars (30) are arranged on the first sieve (20a), and reduce the speed of the comminuted material exiting the ejection opening (16) during the movement thereof along the inclined sieve (20a).
7. Device according to any of claims 1 to 6,
   characterised in that
   the first and/or the second sieve (20a, 20b) each have a sieve base which is arranged at an inclination to the horizontal at an angle in the range between 20° and 70°, in particular in the range of 30° to 45°.
8. Device according to any of claims 1 to 7,
   characterised in that
   the first and/or the second sieve (20a, 20b) and/or the further sieve comprise unbalance motors (32) for setting the respective sieves in oscillation.

Images