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EP2768891B1 - Fibre reinforced polyisocyanurate component and method for its production - Google Patents

Fibre reinforced polyisocyanurate component and method for its production Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2768891B1
EP2768891B1 EP12773313.7A EP12773313A EP2768891B1 EP 2768891 B1 EP2768891 B1 EP 2768891B1 EP 12773313 A EP12773313 A EP 12773313A EP 2768891 B1 EP2768891 B1 EP 2768891B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
polyisocyanurate
layer
fiber composite
production
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12773313.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2768891A1 (en
Inventor
Stefan Lindner
Klaus Franken
Dirk Passmann
Peter Nordmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Covestro Deutschland AG filed Critical Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority to EP12773313.7A priority Critical patent/EP2768891B1/en
Publication of EP2768891A1 publication Critical patent/EP2768891A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2768891B1 publication Critical patent/EP2768891B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/70—Completely encapsulating inserts
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B32B17/04—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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    • C08G18/092—Processes comprising oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates involving reaction of a part of the isocyanate or isothiocyanate groups with each other in the reaction mixture oligomerisation to isocyanurate groups
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7607—Compounds of C08G18/7614 and of C08G18/7657
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    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
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    • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2115/00—Oligomerisation
    • C08G2115/02—Oligomerisation to isocyanurate groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
    • C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31547—Of polyisocyanurate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heat-stable fiber-reinforced polyisocyanurate components, which are obtainable by impregnating fibers with a reaction resin mixture of polyisocyanates, polyols, trimerization catalyst and optionally additives, and to a process for their preparation.
  • the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of isocyanate-reactive groups is preferably between 0.9 and 1.5.
  • the examples were carried out with a ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of isocyanate-reactive groups of about 1.02.
  • a disadvantage of the method is that the viscosity of the mixture is higher and thereby makes it difficult to produce the plastic layer provided with fiber.
  • WO 2011/081622 A1 describes polyurethane compositions for composite structures.
  • the composite structures can be used for wind turbine rotor blades.
  • the OH / NCO ratio is at least 1, ie there are at least as many OH groups as NCO groups.
  • a disadvantage of the method is that the viscosity is relatively high and the processing period is very short, which makes the filling of large components very difficult.
  • Fiber-reinforced plastics are used as construction material because they have high mechanical strength combined with low weight.
  • the matrix material usually consists of unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins and epoxy resins.
  • Fiber composite materials can be used, for example, in aircraft construction, in automobile construction or in rotor blades of wind power plants.
  • the known processes for the production of fiber composite components can be used, such as e.g. Hand lamination, transfer molding, resin transfer molding (Resin Transfer Molding) or vacuum assisted infusion (eg VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding)) or prepreg technology. Particularly preferred are vacuum-assisted infusion methods, since large components can thus be produced.
  • the previous methods have the disadvantage that it takes a very long time until the reactive resin mixture is cured, resulting in low productivity.
  • the cure time should be as short as possible to reduce the cycle time. This significantly reduces the manufacturing time of fiber composite components. For economic reasons, a low curing temperature is desirable because it can save energy costs.
  • the fiber composite components should have a high heat stability, since the fiber composite components can be strongly heated, for example by sunlight and thereby not lose their mechanical stability.
  • this object has been achieved by fiber composite components which are obtainable from fiber layers and a reaction resin mixture of polyisocyanates, polyols, trimerization catalysts and optionally customary additives, the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of OH groups being selected such that a polyisocyanurate plastic is formed ,
  • Polyisocyanurates are formed by the trimerization of isocyanate groups.
  • the isocyanurate ring is very stable.
  • the formation of PIR structures is catalyzed by strong bases, especially by alkali acetates and alkali forms.
  • the reaction is known for the production of rigid PIR foams.
  • the isocyanates react at the beginning preferably with polyols to form polyurethanes and in the further course of the reaction, when most of the OH groups have reacted, it comes to Polyisocyanurat Guess.
  • the reaction could also be used to produce compact, optically transparent, fiber-reinforced PIR plates with good heat stability.
  • Trimerization catalysts initiate and accelerate the trimerization of isocyanate groups to isocyanurate groups.
  • the reaction mixture preferably has no epoxy resins.
  • the composite component according to the invention preferably has on one of the two sides of the polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer a so-called spacer material layer and optionally an additional, second adjoining the spacer layer, polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer which preferably has the same polyisocyanurate as the first-mentioned fiber layer.
  • Preferred fiber composite components have one or more protective and / or decorative layers on the other of the two sides of the first-mentioned polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer.
  • the protective layers are preferably one or more gelcoat layers, preferably of polyurethane (PUR), epoxy, unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins.
  • a preferred fiber composite component has a so-called spacer layer on the side of the polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer opposite the gelcoat layer, followed by a further polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer which preferably has the same polyisocyanurate as the first-mentioned fiber layer.
  • the spacer layer consists of balsa wood, PVC foam, PET foam or PUR foam.
  • the spacer layer may be formed over the entire surface or part of the area on the fiber layer. In addition, it may have a different thickness over the surface.
  • a fiber composite component which in the fiber layer comprises a polyisocyanurate, which from 60-90 wt .-%, preferably 65-85 wt .-% polyisocyanates (A), 10-40 wt .-%, preferably 15-35 wt % Polyols (B), 0.01-2% by weight, preferably 0.1-1% by weight trimerization catalysts (C), the sum of the proportions by weight of the components being 100% by weight.
  • a polyisocyanurate which from 60-90 wt .-%, preferably 65-85 wt .-% polyisocyanates (A), 10-40 wt .-%, preferably 15-35 wt % Polyols (B), 0.01-2% by weight, preferably 0.1-1% by weight trimerization catalysts (C), the sum of the proportions by weight of the components being 100% by weight.
  • the fiber content in the fiber composite part is preferably more than 50 wt .-%, more preferably more than 65 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the fiber composite component.
  • the fiber content can be subsequently determined in glass fibers, for example by ashing and the weight can be controlled.
  • the fiber composite component preferably the glass fiber composite component, is optically transparent, so that the component can be visually inspected for defects (eg air inclusions).
  • This preferably has Glass fiber composite part of an optical transparency according to ISO 13468-2 greater than 20%, more preferably greater than 60%, most preferably greater than 80%.
  • the mixture prepared under a) has no epoxy resins.
  • the mold half is provided with a release agent before the fiber material is introduced.
  • Further protective or decorative layers can be introduced into the mold half before the introduction of the fiber material, for example one or more gelcoat layers.
  • a so-called spacer layer is applied to the fiber material, which is already in the tool half, and a further fibrous material layer made of, for example, fiber mats, fiber webs or fiber webs. Subsequently, the polyisocyanurate mixture is poured into the layers.
  • the spacer layer consists for example of balsa wood, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam or polyurethane (PUR) foam.
  • VARTM Vauum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding
  • the mold is closed instead of the vacuum-tight film with a tool counterpart and the resin mixture optionally added under pressure to the mold.
  • reaction resin mixtures used according to the invention have low viscosities, long processing times and short curing times at low curing temperatures and thus enable the rapid production of fiber composite components.
  • reaction resin mixtures used according to the invention are the improved processing behavior.
  • the reaction resin mixtures can be prepared and processed at low temperatures. This leads to a slow curing of the components.
  • the components of the reaction resin mixtures can be mixed at 20 to 50 ° C, preferably at 30 to 40 ° C, and applied to the fiber material.
  • the reaction resin mixture should preferably be low-viscosity during filling and remain fluid as long as possible. This is particularly necessary for large components, since the filling time is very long (for example, up to one hour).
  • the viscosity of the reaction resin mixture according to the invention at 25 ° C directly after mixing between 10 and 300 mPas, preferably between 20 and 80 mPas, more preferably between 30 and 50 mPas.
  • the viscosity of the reaction resin mixture according to the invention at a constant temperature of 25 ° C 30 minutes after mixing the components is less than 1000 mPas, more preferably less than 500 mPas.
  • the viscosity was determined 30 minutes after mixing the components at a constant temperature of 25 ° C with a rotary viscometer at a shear rate of 60 1 / s.
  • reaction mixture used according to the invention can be processed on casting machines with static mixers or with dynamic mixers, since only a short mixing time is required. This is of great advantage in the production of the fiber composite components according to the invention, since the reactive resin mixture must be as thin as possible for a good impregnation.
  • the polyisocyanate component A) used are the customary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and in particular aromatic di- and / or polyisocyanates.
  • suitable polyisocyanates are 1,4-butylene diisocyanate, 1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, the isomers Bis (4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methanes or mixtures thereof of any isomer content, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,2'- and / or 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-dipheny
  • modified polyisocyanates having uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, carbodiimide, uretonimine, allophanate or biuret structures.
  • the isocyanate used is preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and in particular mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate (pMDI).
  • the mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyphenylenepolymethylene polyisocyanate (pMDI) have a preferred monomer content of between 60 and 100% by weight, preferably between 70 and 95% by weight, more preferably between 80 and 90% by weight.
  • the NCO content of the polyisocyanate used should preferably be above 25% by weight, preferably above 30% by weight, particularly preferably above 32% by weight.
  • the NCO content can be determined according to DIN 53185.
  • the viscosity of the isocyanate should preferably be ⁇ 150 mPas (at 25 ° C.), preferably ⁇ 50 mPas (at 25 ° C.) and particularly preferably ⁇ 30 mPas (at 25 ° C.).
  • the OH number of component B) indicates the OH number in the case of a single polyol added. In the case of mixtures, the number average OH number is given. This value can be determined using DIN 53240-2.
  • the polyol formulation preferably contains as polyols those which have a number-average OH number of 100 to 1000 mg KOH / g, preferably from 300 to 600 mg KOH / g and particularly preferably from 350 to 500 mg KOH / g.
  • the viscosity of the polyols is preferably ⁇ 800 mPas (at 25 ° C).
  • the polyols have at least 60% secondary OH groups, preferably at least 80% secondary OH groups and more preferably at least 90% secondary OH groups.
  • Polyether polyols based on propylene oxide are particularly preferred.
  • the polyols used preferably have an average functionality of 2.0 to 5.0, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5.
  • Polyether polyols, polyester polyols or polycarbonate polyols can be used according to the invention; polyether polyols are preferred.
  • Polyether polyols which can be used according to the invention are, for example, polytetramethylene glycol polyethers obtainable by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by means of cationic ring opening.
  • suitable polyether polyols are addition products of styrene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxides to di- or polyfunctional starter molecules.
  • Suitable starter molecules are, for example, water, ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, butyldiglycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, toluenediamine, triethanolamine, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and low molecular weight, hydroxyl-containing esters of such polyols with dicarboxylic acids or hydroxyl-containing oils.
  • Glycerin is preferred as a starter.
  • the viscosity of the polyols is preferably ⁇ 800 mPas (at 25 ° C).
  • the polyols have at least 60% secondary OH groups, preferably at least 80% secondary OH groups and more preferably 90% secondary OH groups.
  • Polyether polyols based on propylene oxide are particularly preferred.
  • the polyols B) may also contain fibers, fillers and polymers.
  • These latent-reactive trimerization catalysts can be obtained, for example, by chemical blocking of a catalytically active amine.
  • the chemical blocking can be accomplished by the protonation of a tertiary amine with an acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, ethylhexanoic acid or oleic acid or a phenol.
  • Trialkylamines and heterocyclic amines can be used as the amine, for example, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dibutylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N, N , N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylhexanediamine-1,6, N, N, N ', N', N "-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, bis (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) -methane, N , N, N'-trimethyl-N '- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenedi
  • trimerization catalysts are amines selected from the group consisting of trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, Dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dibutylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N', N'- Tetramethylhexanediamine-1,6, N, N, N ', N', N "-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, bis (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) -methane, N, N, N'-trimethyl-N '- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N-di
  • trimerization catalyst is 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, which is present as phenolate salt, ethylhexoate salt, oleate salt, acetate salt or formate salt.
  • additives D can be added. These include, for example, deaerators, defoamers, fillers, flame retardants and reinforcing agents. Other known additives and additives can be used as needed.
  • flame retardants may also be added to the foamable preparations, e.g. Phosphorus-containing compounds, especially phosphates and phosphonates, as well as halogenated polyesters and polyols or chlorinated paraffins.
  • non-volatile flame retardants such as melamine or expandable graphite (expandable graphite) can be added, which expands greatly under the action of flame, thereby sealing the surface from further heat.
  • the fiber material used can be lighted or uncoated fibers, for example glass fibers, carbon fibers, steel or iron fibers, natural fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers or basalt fibers. Particularly preferred are glass fibers.
  • the fibers can be used as short fibers with a length of 0.4 to 50 mm. Preference is given to continuous-fiber-reinforced composite components through the use of continuous fibers.
  • the fibers in the fiber layer may be unidirectional, randomly distributed or interwoven. In components with a fiber layer of several layers, there is the possibility of fiber orientation from layer to layer. Here one can produce unidirectional fiber layers, cross-laminated layers or multidirectional fiber layers, wherein unidirectional or woven layers are stacked one above the other.
  • Semi-finished fiber products are particularly preferably used as fiber material, such as, for example, fabrics, scrims, braids, mats, nonwovens, knitted fabrics and knitted fabrics or 3D fiber semi-finished products.
  • the polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has a PIR conversion of more than 20%, preferably more than 40% and particularly preferably more than 60%.
  • the PIR conversion is the proportion of isocyanate groups that has reacted to PIR. It can be detected by infrared spectroscopy.
  • the polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has a tensile strength according to DIN EN ISO 527 of more than 70 MPa, preferably more than 80 MPa, in order to withstand the high mechanical stresses in components such as a rotor blade.
  • the polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has an elastic modulus in the tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 527 of more than 2700 MPa, preferably more than 2900 MPa, in order to withstand the high mechanical stresses in components such as a rotor blade.
  • the polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has a heat resistance (HDT) according to DIN EN ISO 75-1 / 75 2004, Method A with a bending stress of 1.8 N / mm 2 of over 70 ° C, preferably above 75 ° C and more preferably above 80 ° C to withstand the high temperature loads in components.
  • HDT heat resistance
  • the fiber composite components according to the invention can be used for the production of rotor blades of wind power plants, for the manufacture of automotive body components or in aircraft construction, in structural building components (for example manhole covers) and other heavily loaded structures.
  • molded articles (plates) of different polyisocyanurate and polyurethane systems were prepared and compared.
  • the polyol mixtures containing the trimerization catalyst were degassed at a pressure of 1 mbar for 60 minutes and then admixed with the isocyanate. This mixture was degassed for about 5 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar and then poured into plate molds.
  • the plates were poured at room temperature and annealed overnight in a drying oven heated to 80 ° C. The thickness of the plates was 4 mm. Optically transparent plates were obtained. The quantities and properties are shown in the table.
  • the heat deflection temperature (HDT) was determined according to DIN EN ISO 75 1/75 2004 - Method A with a bending stress of 1.8 N / mm 2 and a heating rate of 120 K / h.
  • composition of Examples 1 to 4 optically transparent, glass fiber reinforced polyisocyanurate materials were produced by the vacuum infusion process with a glass fiber content of over 60% by weight.
  • four layers of a UD glass scrim with a glass surface weight of 1040 g / m 2 per layer were placed on a tool, sealed with a vacuum film and evacuated. Then, the composition of Example 1 to 4, which was previously degassed for about 5 minutes, was drawn in. After the mold was filled, the component was annealed at 80 ° C overnight.
  • the viscosity was determined 30 minutes after mixing the components at a constant temperature of 25 ° C with a rotary viscometer at a shear rate of 60 1 / s.
  • Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention give compact and optically transparent molded parts which combine very good mechanical properties, such as an E-modulus of more than 2700 MPa, a strength of more than 75 MPa and an HDT value of more than 75 ° C. Above all, a very low viscosity is necessary for the production of fiber-reinforced components, as this allows the molds to be filled much faster and more uniformly. This allows shorter cycle times, the forms need only be occupied for a shorter time.
  • the latent-reactive trimerization catalyst used leads to a very rapid curing at 80 ° C.
  • Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were prepared with a NCO / OH molar ratio of 1.1. Since the reaction with trimerization catalyst was already too fast, it was used without trimerization catalyst. With trimerization catalyst, the viscosity is 30 minutes after mixing at 25 ° C at 3320 mPas (0.5 parts by weight Polycat SA1 / 10 per 100 parts of polyol + isocyanate) for Comparative Example 5 and at 5980 mPas (0.5 wt. Parts on 100 Parts polyol and isocyanate) for Comparative Example 6.
  • the latent-reactive trimerization catalysts act especially at elevated temperatures and thus lead to rapid curing of the sample in the subsequent annealing process, but they catalyze even at 25 ° C, the polyurethane reaction to a small extent. However, this effect is significantly lower in Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention, since the subsequent crosslinking is carried out by the polyisocyanurate reaction.
  • the viscosity increase after 30 minutes is relatively high and especially the initial viscosity is significantly higher than in Examples 1 to 4.
  • the cycle time increases significantly and the single mold is used longer, resulting in significantly higher costs.
  • the wetting of the fibers at a higher viscosity is more difficult.
  • the vertical flame propagation at edge fire was determined with a small burner test based on DIN 53438-2.
  • example 1 self-extinguishing already occurred 5 seconds after flame pull and the flame height was max. 70 mm.
  • Comparative Example 6 showed no self-extinguishing and the flame height was greater than 150 mm, so that the test is failed.
  • Flame retardancy was significantly improved by the formation of polyisocyanurates. Flame retardancy is a critical feature in many composite fiber components because it increases the safety of the end use (e.g., a rotor blade, a body panel).

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft wärmestabile faserverstärkte Polyisocyanuratbauteile, die durch Tränken von Fasern mit einer Reaktionsharzmischung aus Polyisocyanaten, Polyolen, Trimerisierungskatalysator sowie gegebenenfalls Additiven erhältlich sind, sowie ein Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.The present invention relates to heat-stable fiber-reinforced polyisocyanurate components, which are obtainable by impregnating fibers with a reaction resin mixture of polyisocyanates, polyols, trimerization catalyst and optionally additives, and to a process for their preparation.

DE 10 2009 058 101 A1 beschreibt die Verwendung von Schichtaufbauten in Windkraftanlagen, in denen Polyurethan als Kunststoff verwendet wird. Das Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl gegenüber Isocyanat reaktiven Gruppen beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,9 und 1,5. Die Beispiele wurden mit einem Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl gegenüber Isocyanat reaktiven Gruppen von ca. 1,02 durchgeführt. Nachteilig an dem Verfahren ist, dass die Viskosität der Mischung höher ist und sich dadurch die mit Kunststoff versehene Faserschicht schwieriger herstellen lässt. DE 10 2009 058 101 A1 describes the use of layer structures in wind turbines in which polyurethane is used as plastic. The ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of isocyanate-reactive groups is preferably between 0.9 and 1.5. The examples were carried out with a ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of isocyanate-reactive groups of about 1.02. A disadvantage of the method is that the viscosity of the mixture is higher and thereby makes it difficult to produce the plastic layer provided with fiber.

WO 2011/081622 A1 beschreibt Polyurethanzusammensetzungen für Kompositstrukturen. Die Kompositstrukturen können für Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen verwendet werden. Das OH/NCO Verhältnis ist mindestens 1, d.h. es gibt mindestens so viele OH-Gruppen wie NCO-Gruppen. Nachteilig an dem Verfahren ist, dass die Viskosität relativ hoch ist und der Verarbeitungszeitraum sehr kurz ist, was die Befüllung von großen Bauteilen sehr erschwert. WO 2011/081622 A1 describes polyurethane compositions for composite structures. The composite structures can be used for wind turbine rotor blades. The OH / NCO ratio is at least 1, ie there are at least as many OH groups as NCO groups. A disadvantage of the method is that the viscosity is relatively high and the processing period is very short, which makes the filling of large components very difficult.

Faserverstärkte Kunststoffe werden als Konstruktionsmaterial verwendet, da diese eine hohe mechanische Festigkeit verbunden mit geringem Gewicht aufweisen. Dabei besteht das Matrixmaterial üblicherweise aus ungesättigten Polyesterharzen, Vinylesterharzen und Epoxidharzen.Fiber-reinforced plastics are used as construction material because they have high mechanical strength combined with low weight. The matrix material usually consists of unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl ester resins and epoxy resins.

Faserverbundwerkstoffe können beispielsweise im Flugzeugbau, im Automobilbau oder in Rotorblättern von Windkraftanlagen eingesetzt werden.Fiber composite materials can be used, for example, in aircraft construction, in automobile construction or in rotor blades of wind power plants.

Es können die bekannten Verfahren zur Herstellung von Faserverbundbauteilen genutzt werden, wie z.B. Handlaminieren, Spritzpressen, Harzinjektionsverfahren (=Resin Transfer Moulding) oder vakuumunterstützte Infusionsverfahren (beispielsweise VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding)) oder die Prepregtechnologie. Besonders bevorzugt sind vakuumunterstützte Infusionsverfahren, da damit große Bauteile hergestellt werden können.The known processes for the production of fiber composite components can be used, such as e.g. Hand lamination, transfer molding, resin transfer molding (Resin Transfer Molding) or vacuum assisted infusion (eg VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding)) or prepreg technology. Particularly preferred are vacuum-assisted infusion methods, since large components can thus be produced.

Die bisherigen Verfahren haben allerdings den Nachteil, dass es sehr lange dauert, bis die Reaktivharzmischung ausgehärtet ist, was zu einer geringen Produktivität führt. Zur Erhöhung der Produktivität ist es nötig, die Zykluszeit bei der Herstellung zu verringern. Dabei ist es wichtig, dass das Reaktionsharzgemisch sehr dünnflüssig ist und lange dünnflüssig bleibt, um die Fasern schnell und komplett zu tränken. Auf der anderen Seite sollte die Härtezeit möglichst kurz sein, um die Zykluszeit zu verringern. Dadurch lässt sich die Fertigungszeit von Faserverbundbauteilen signifikant verkürzen. Aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen ist eine niedrige Aushärttemperatur wünschenswert, da sich dadurch Energiekosten sparen lassen. Gleichzeitig sollen die Faserverbundbauteile eine hohe Wärmestabilität aufweisen, da die Faserverbundbauteile beispielsweise durch Sonnenlicht stark erhitzt werden können und dabei ihre mechanische Stabilität nicht verlieren dürfen.The previous methods, however, have the disadvantage that it takes a very long time until the reactive resin mixture is cured, resulting in low productivity. To increase the Productivity, it is necessary to reduce the cycle time in the production. It is important that the reaction resin mixture is very thin and remains fluid for a long time to soak the fibers quickly and completely. On the other hand, the cure time should be as short as possible to reduce the cycle time. This significantly reduces the manufacturing time of fiber composite components. For economic reasons, a low curing temperature is desirable because it can save energy costs. At the same time, the fiber composite components should have a high heat stability, since the fiber composite components can be strongly heated, for example by sunlight and thereby not lose their mechanical stability.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es daher, ein Matrixmaterial zur Verfügung zu stellen, das eine gute Tränkung und Benetzung der Fasern ermöglicht und gleichzeitig eine schnelle Aushärtung, und eine gute Hitzestabilität gewährleistet.It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide a matrix material which permits good impregnation and wetting of the fibers and at the same time ensures rapid curing and good heat stability.

Diese Aufgabe konnte überraschenderweise durch Faserverbundbauteile gelöst werden, die aus Faserschichten und einer Reaktionsharzmischung aus Polyisocyanaten, Polyolen, Trimerisierungskatalysatoren sowie gegebenenfalls üblichen Additiven erhältlich sind, wobei das Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl an OH-Gruppen so gewählt ist, dass sich ein Polyisocyanuratkunststoff bildet.Surprisingly, this object has been achieved by fiber composite components which are obtainable from fiber layers and a reaction resin mixture of polyisocyanates, polyols, trimerization catalysts and optionally customary additives, the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of OH groups being selected such that a polyisocyanurate plastic is formed ,

Polyisocyanurate (PIR) bilden sich durch die Trimerisation von Isocyanatgruppen. Der Isocyanuratring ist sehr stabil. Die Bildung von PIR-Strukturen wird durch starke Basen, besonders durch Alkaliacetate und Alkaliformiate katalysiert. Die Reaktion ist für die die Herstellung von PIR-Hartschaumstoffen bekannt. Dabei reagieren die Isocyanate am Anfang vorzugsweise mit Polyolen zu Polyurethanen und im weiteren Verlauf der Reaktion, wenn die meisten OH-Gruppen abreagiert haben, kommt es zur Polyisocyanuratbildung. Überraschenderweise konnte die Reaktion auch zur Herstellung von kompakten, optisch transparenten, faserverstärkten PIR-Platten mit einer guten Hitzestabilität verwendet werden.Polyisocyanurates (PIR) are formed by the trimerization of isocyanate groups. The isocyanurate ring is very stable. The formation of PIR structures is catalyzed by strong bases, especially by alkali acetates and alkali forms. The reaction is known for the production of rigid PIR foams. The isocyanates react at the beginning preferably with polyols to form polyurethanes and in the further course of the reaction, when most of the OH groups have reacted, it comes to Polyisocyanuratbildung. Surprisingly, the reaction could also be used to produce compact, optically transparent, fiber-reinforced PIR plates with good heat stability.

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Faserverbundbauteile enthaltend eine Faserschicht, die mit Polyisocyanurat getränkt ist, wobei das Polyisocyanurat aus einem Reaktionsgemisch erhältlich ist umfassend

  1. A) ein oder mehrere Polyisocyanate
  2. B) ein oder mehrere Polyole und
  3. C) ein oder mehrere Trimerisierungskatalysatoren,
wobei das Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl an OH-Gruppen zwischen 1,6 und 6,0 liegt und wobei der Trimerisierungskatalysator ein Salz eines tertiären Amins ist. Bevorzugt liegt das Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl an OH-Gruppen zwischen 1,8 und 4,0 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 2,1 und 3,5.The invention relates to fiber composite components comprising a fiber layer impregnated with polyisocyanurate, wherein the polyisocyanurate is obtainable from a reaction mixture comprising
  1. A) one or more polyisocyanates
  2. B) one or more polyols and
  3. C) one or more trimerization catalysts,
wherein the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of OH groups is between 1.6 and 6.0, and wherein the trimerization catalyst is a salt of a tertiary amine. Preferably, the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of OH groups is between 1.8 and 4.0, and more preferably between 2.1 and 3.5.

Trimerisierungkatalysatoren initiieren und beschleunigen die Trimerisierung von Isocyanatgruppen zu Isocyanuratgruppen.Trimerization catalysts initiate and accelerate the trimerization of isocyanate groups to isocyanurate groups.

Bevorzugt weist das Reaktionsgemisch keine Epoxidharze auf.The reaction mixture preferably has no epoxy resins.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verbundbauteil weist bevorzugt auf einer der beiden Seiten der Polyisocyanurat enthaltenden Faserschicht eine sogenannte Distanzmaterialschicht und gegebenenfalls eine zusätzliche, zweite sich an die Distanzschicht anschließende, Polyisocyanurat enthaltende Faserschicht auf, die bevorzugt dasselbe Polyisocyanurat wie die erstgenannte Faserschicht aufweist.The composite component according to the invention preferably has on one of the two sides of the polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer a so-called spacer material layer and optionally an additional, second adjoining the spacer layer, polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer which preferably has the same polyisocyanurate as the first-mentioned fiber layer.

Bevorzugte Faserverbundbauteile weisen auf der anderen der beiden Seiten der erstgenannten Polyisocyanurat enthaltenden Faserschicht eine oder mehrere Schutz- und/oder Dekorschichten auf. Bei den Schutzschichten handelt es sich bevorzugt um eine oder mehrere Gelcoatschichten, vorzugsweise aus Polyurethan(PUR)-, Epoxid-, ungesättigten Polyester- oder Vinylesterharzen.Preferred fiber composite components have one or more protective and / or decorative layers on the other of the two sides of the first-mentioned polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer. The protective layers are preferably one or more gelcoat layers, preferably of polyurethane (PUR), epoxy, unsaturated polyester or vinyl ester resins.

Ein bevorzugtes Faserverbundbauteil weist auf der der Gelcoatschicht gegenüberliegenden Seite der Polyisocyanurat enthaltenden Faserschicht eine sogenannte Distanzschicht auf, worauf eine weitere Polyisocyanurat enthaltende Faserschicht folgt, die bevorzugt dasselbe Polyisocyanurat wie die erstgenannte Faserschicht aufweist. Beispielsweise besteht die Distanzschicht aus Balsaholz, PVC-Schaum, PET-Schaum oder PUR-Schaum. Die Distanzschicht kann vollflächig oder teilflächig auf der Faserschicht ausgebildet sein. Außerdem kann sie über die Fläche eine unterschiedliche Dicke aufweisen.A preferred fiber composite component has a so-called spacer layer on the side of the polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer opposite the gelcoat layer, followed by a further polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer which preferably has the same polyisocyanurate as the first-mentioned fiber layer. For example, the spacer layer consists of balsa wood, PVC foam, PET foam or PUR foam. The spacer layer may be formed over the entire surface or part of the area on the fiber layer. In addition, it may have a different thickness over the surface.

Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Faserverbundbauteil, welches in der Faserschicht ein Polyisocyanurat aufweist, das aus 60-90 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 65-85 Gew.-% Polyisocyanaten (A), 10-40 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 15-35 Gew.-% Polyolen (B), 0,01-2 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,1-1 Gew.-% Trimerisierungskatalysatoren (C), wobei die Summe der Gewichtsanteile der Komponenten 100 Gew.-% ergibt.Particularly preferred is a fiber composite component, which in the fiber layer comprises a polyisocyanurate, which from 60-90 wt .-%, preferably 65-85 wt .-% polyisocyanates (A), 10-40 wt .-%, preferably 15-35 wt % Polyols (B), 0.01-2% by weight, preferably 0.1-1% by weight trimerization catalysts (C), the sum of the proportions by weight of the components being 100% by weight.

Der Faseranteil im Faserverbundteil beträgt vorzugsweise mehr als 50 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 65 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des Faserverbundbauteils. Der Faseranteil kann bei Glasfasern beispielsweise durch Veraschung nachträglich bestimmt und die Einwaage kontrolliert werden.The fiber content in the fiber composite part is preferably more than 50 wt .-%, more preferably more than 65 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the fiber composite component. The fiber content can be subsequently determined in glass fibers, for example by ashing and the weight can be controlled.

Das Faserverbundbauteil, vorzugsweise das Glasfaserverbundbauteil, ist optisch transparent, damit das Bauteil auf Fehler (z.B. Lufteinschlüsse) optisch untersucht werden kann. Bevorzugt weist das Glasfaserverbundteil eine optische Transparenz gemäß ISO 13468-2 größer 20 %, besonders bevorzugt größer 60 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt größer 80 % auf.The fiber composite component, preferably the glass fiber composite component, is optically transparent, so that the component can be visually inspected for defects (eg air inclusions). This preferably has Glass fiber composite part of an optical transparency according to ISO 13468-2 greater than 20%, more preferably greater than 60%, most preferably greater than 80%.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbundbauteile, wobei

  1. a) eine Mischung enthaltend
    1. A) ein oder mehrere Polyisocyanate
    2. B) ein oder mehrere Polyole und
    3. C) ein oder mehrere Trimerisierungskatalysatoren
    wobei das Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl an OH-Gruppen zwischen 1,6 und 6,0 liegt und wobei der Trimerisierungskatalysator ein Salz eines tertiären Amins ist.
  2. b) ein Fasermaterial in einer Werkzeughälfte vorgelegt wird,
  3. c) die unter a) hergestellte Mischung in das Fasermaterial aus b) zur Herstellung eines getränkten Fasermaterials eingebracht wird,
  4. d) das getränkte Fasermaterial bei einer Temperatur von 20 bis 120°C, bevorzugt von 70 bis 100°C, aushärtet.
Bevorzugt liegt das Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl an OH-Gruppen zwischen 1,8 und 4,0 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 2,1 und 3,5.Another object of the invention is a method for producing the fiber composite components according to the invention, wherein
  1. a) containing a mixture
    1. A) one or more polyisocyanates
    2. B) one or more polyols and
    3. C) one or more trimerization catalysts
    wherein the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of OH groups is between 1.6 and 6.0, and wherein the trimerization catalyst is a salt of a tertiary amine.
  2. b) a fiber material is presented in a mold half,
  3. c) the mixture produced under a) is introduced into the fiber material from b) to produce a impregnated fiber material,
  4. d) the impregnated fiber material at a temperature of 20 to 120 ° C, preferably from 70 to 100 ° C, cures.
Preferably, the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of OH groups is between 1.8 and 4.0, and more preferably between 2.1 and 3.5.

Bevorzugt weist die unter a) hergestellte Mischung keine Epoxidharze auf.Preferably, the mixture prepared under a) has no epoxy resins.

Vorzugsweise wird die Werkzeughälfte mit einem Trennmittel versehen, bevor das Fasermaterial eingebracht wird. Es können weitere Schutz- oder Dekor-Schichten vor dem Einbringen des Fasermaterials in die Werkzeughälfte eingetragen werden, wie beispielsweise eine oder mehrere Gelcoatschichten.Preferably, the mold half is provided with a release agent before the fiber material is introduced. Further protective or decorative layers can be introduced into the mold half before the introduction of the fiber material, for example one or more gelcoat layers.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird auf das Fasermaterial, das sich bereits in der Werkzeughälfte befindet, eine sogenannte Distanzschicht und darauf eine weitere Fasermaterialschicht, aus beispielsweise Fasermatten, Fasergewebe oder Fasergelege, aufgebracht. Anschließend wird die Polyisocyanuratmischung in die Schichten gegossen. Die Distanzschicht besteht beispielsweise aus Balsaholz, Polyvinylchlorid(PVC)-Schaum, Polyethylenterephthalat(PET)-Schaum oder Polyurethan(PUR)-Schaum.In a preferred embodiment, a so-called spacer layer is applied to the fiber material, which is already in the tool half, and a further fibrous material layer made of, for example, fiber mats, fiber webs or fiber webs. Subsequently, the polyisocyanurate mixture is poured into the layers. The spacer layer consists for example of balsa wood, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam or polyurethane (PUR) foam.

Vorzugsweise wird nach dem Einlegen des Fasermaterials in die Werkzeughälfte eine Folie auf das Fasermaterial gelegt, Vakuum zwischen der Folie und der Werkzeughälfte erzeugt und durch die Folie die Reaktionsmischung eingetragen (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM)). Durch dieses Verfahren lassen sich auch große Bauteile wie Rotorblätter von Windkraftanlagen herstellen. Falls erforderlich können zwischen der Folie und dem Fasermaterial noch sogenannte Fließhilfen (z.B. in Form von druckstabilen, aber harzdurchlässigen Matten) eingebracht werden, die nach der Aushärtung wieder entfernt werden können.Preferably, after inserting the fiber material into the tool half, a film is placed on the fiber material, vacuum is created between the film and the tool half and the reaction mixture is introduced through the film (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM)). By this method, large components such as rotor blades of wind turbines can be produced. If necessary, so-called flow aids (for example in the form of pressure-stable, but resin-permeable mats) can be introduced between the film and the fiber material and can be removed again after curing.

Beim ebenfalls bevorzugten RTM-Verfahren (Resin Transfer Molding) wird anstelle der vakuumfesten Folie mit einem Werkzeuggegenstück die Form geschlossen und die Harzmischung gegebenenfalls unter Druck in die Form gegeben.In the likewise preferred RTM process (Resin Transfer Molding), the mold is closed instead of the vacuum-tight film with a tool counterpart and the resin mixture optionally added under pressure to the mold.

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Reaktionsharzmischungen haben niedrige Viskositäten, lange Verarbeitungszeiten und weisen kurze Aushärtezeiten bei niedrigen Aushärtetemperaturen auf und ermöglichen so die schnelle Fertigung von Faserverbundbauteilen.The reaction resin mixtures used according to the invention have low viscosities, long processing times and short curing times at low curing temperatures and thus enable the rapid production of fiber composite components.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Reaktionsharzmischungen ist das verbesserte Verarbeitungsverhalten. Die Reaktionsharzmischungen können bei niedrigen Temperaturen hergestellt und verarbeitet werden. Dies führt zu einer langsamen Aushärtung der Komponenten. Die Komponenten der Reaktionsharzmischungen können bei 20 bis 50 °C, bevorzugt bei 30 bis 40 °C, gemischt und auf das Fasermaterial aufgetragen werden.Another advantage of the reaction resin mixtures used according to the invention is the improved processing behavior. The reaction resin mixtures can be prepared and processed at low temperatures. This leads to a slow curing of the components. The components of the reaction resin mixtures can be mixed at 20 to 50 ° C, preferably at 30 to 40 ° C, and applied to the fiber material.

Um eine gute Tränkung der Fasern zu gewährleisten, sollte die Reaktionsharzmischung beim Einfüllen vorzugsweise dünnflüssig sein und möglichst lange dünnflüssig bleiben. Dies ist besonders bei großen Bauteilen nötig, da hier die Füllzeit sehr lang ist (beispielsweise bis zu einer Stunde). Vorzugsweise liegt die Viskosität der erfindungsgemäßen Reaktionsharzmischung bei 25°C direkt nach dem Vermischen zwischen 10 und 300 mPas, bevorzugt zwischen 20 und 80 mPas, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 30 und 50 mPas. Bevorzugt ist die Viskosität der erfindungsgemäßen Reaktionsharzmischung bei einer konstanten Temperatur von 25°C 30 Minuten nach dem Vermischen der Komponenten kleiner als 1000 mPas, besonders bevorzugt kleiner 500 mPas. Die Viskosität wurde 30 Minuten nach dem Vermischen der Komponenten bei einer konstanten Temperatur von 25 °C mit einem Rotationsviskosimeter bei einer Scherrate von 60 1/s bestimmt.In order to ensure a good impregnation of the fibers, the reaction resin mixture should preferably be low-viscosity during filling and remain fluid as long as possible. This is particularly necessary for large components, since the filling time is very long (for example, up to one hour). Preferably, the viscosity of the reaction resin mixture according to the invention at 25 ° C directly after mixing between 10 and 300 mPas, preferably between 20 and 80 mPas, more preferably between 30 and 50 mPas. Preferably, the viscosity of the reaction resin mixture according to the invention at a constant temperature of 25 ° C 30 minutes after mixing the components is less than 1000 mPas, more preferably less than 500 mPas. The viscosity was determined 30 minutes after mixing the components at a constant temperature of 25 ° C with a rotary viscometer at a shear rate of 60 1 / s.

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Reaktionsmischung kann auf Gießmaschinen mit Statikmischern oder mit dynamischen Mischern verarbeitet werden, da nur eine kurze Mischzeit benötigt wird. Dies ist bei der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbundbauteile von großem Vorteil, da die Reaktivharzmischung für eine gute Tränkung möglichst dünnflüssig sein muss.The reaction mixture used according to the invention can be processed on casting machines with static mixers or with dynamic mixers, since only a short mixing time is required. This is of great advantage in the production of the fiber composite components according to the invention, since the reactive resin mixture must be as thin as possible for a good impregnation.

Als Polyisocyanatkomponente A) kommen die üblichen aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen und insbesondere aromatischen Di- und/oder Polyisocyanate zum Einsatz. Beispiele solcher geeigneten Polyisocyanate sind 1,4-Butylendiisocyanat, 1,5-Pentandiisocyanat, 1,6-Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), Isophorondiisocyanat (IPDI), 2,2,4- und/oder 2,4,4-Trimethylhexamethylendiisocyanat, die isomeren Bis(4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl)methane oder deren Mischungen beliebigen Isomerengehalts, 1,4-Cyclohexylendiisocyanat, 1,4-Phenylendiisocyanat, 2,4- und/oder 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI), 1,5-Naphthylendiisocyanat, 2,2'-und/oder 2,4'- und/oder 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) und/oder höhere Homologe (pMDI), 1,3- und/oder 1,4-Bis-(2-isocyanato-prop-2-yl)-benzol (TMXDI), 1,3-Bis-(isocyanatomethyl)benzol (XDI). Neben den vorstehend genannten Polyisocyanaten können anteilig auch modifizierte Polyisocyanate mit Uretdion-, Isocyanurat-, Urethan-, Carbodiimid-, Uretonimin-, Allophanat- oder Biuretstruktur eingesetzt werden. Als Isocyanat wird vorzugsweise Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) und insbesondere Gemische aus Diphenylmethandiisocyanat und Polyphenylenpolymethylenpolyisocyanat (pMDI) verwendet. Die Gemische aus Diphenylmethandiisocyanat und Polyphenylenpolymethylenpolyisocyanat (pMDI) haben einen bevorzugten Monomergehalt von zwischen 60 und 100 Gew.-%, bevorzugt zwischen 70 und 95 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 80 und 90 Gew.-%. Der NCO-Gehalt des verwendeten Polyisocyanates sollte vorzugsweise über 25 Gew.-%, bevorzugt über 30 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt über 32 Gew.% liegen. Der NCO-Gehalt kann nach DIN 53185 bestimmt werden. Die Viskosität des Isocyanates sollte vorzugsweise ≤ 150 mPas (bei 25°C), bevorzugt ≤ 50 mPas (bei 25°C) und besonders bevorzugt von ≤ 30 mPas (bei 25°C) sein.The polyisocyanate component A) used are the customary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and in particular aromatic di- and / or polyisocyanates. Examples of such suitable polyisocyanates are 1,4-butylene diisocyanate, 1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, the isomers Bis (4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methanes or mixtures thereof of any isomer content, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,2'- and / or 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and / or higher homologues (pMDI), 1,3- and / or 1,4-bis (2-methyl) isocyanato-prop-2-yl) -benzene (TMXDI), 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene (XDI). In addition to the abovementioned polyisocyanates, it is also possible proportionally to use modified polyisocyanates having uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, carbodiimide, uretonimine, allophanate or biuret structures. The isocyanate used is preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and in particular mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate (pMDI). The mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyphenylenepolymethylene polyisocyanate (pMDI) have a preferred monomer content of between 60 and 100% by weight, preferably between 70 and 95% by weight, more preferably between 80 and 90% by weight. The NCO content of the polyisocyanate used should preferably be above 25% by weight, preferably above 30% by weight, particularly preferably above 32% by weight. The NCO content can be determined according to DIN 53185. The viscosity of the isocyanate should preferably be ≦ 150 mPas (at 25 ° C.), preferably ≦ 50 mPas (at 25 ° C.) and particularly preferably ≦ 30 mPas (at 25 ° C.).

Die OH-Zahl der Komponente B) gibt im Falle eines einzelnen zugesetzten Polyols dessen OH-Zahl an. Im Falle von Mischungen wird die zahlenmittlere OH-Zahl angegeben. Dieser Wert kann anhand von DIN 53240-2 bestimmt werden. Die Polyolformulierung enthält vorzugsweise als Polyole solche, die eine zahlenmittlere OH-Zahl von 100 bis 1000 mg KOH/g, bevorzugt von 300 bis 600 mg KOH/g und besonders bevorzugt von 350 bis 500 mg KOH/g aufweisen. Die Viskosität der Polyole ist vorzugsweise ≤ 800 mPas (bei 25°C). Vorzugsweise haben die Polyole mindestens 60 % sekundäre OH-Gruppen, bevorzugt mindestens 80 % sekundäre OH-Gruppen und besonders bevorzugt mindestens 90 % sekundäre OH-Gruppen. Polyetherpolyole auf Basis Propylenoxid sind besonders bevorzugt. Bevorzugt haben die eingesetzten Polyole eine mittlere Funktionalität von 2,0 bis 5,0, besonders bevorzugt 2,5 bis 3,5.The OH number of component B) indicates the OH number in the case of a single polyol added. In the case of mixtures, the number average OH number is given. This value can be determined using DIN 53240-2. The polyol formulation preferably contains as polyols those which have a number-average OH number of 100 to 1000 mg KOH / g, preferably from 300 to 600 mg KOH / g and particularly preferably from 350 to 500 mg KOH / g. The viscosity of the polyols is preferably ≦ 800 mPas (at 25 ° C). Preferably, the polyols have at least 60% secondary OH groups, preferably at least 80% secondary OH groups and more preferably at least 90% secondary OH groups. Polyether polyols based on propylene oxide are particularly preferred. The polyols used preferably have an average functionality of 2.0 to 5.0, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5.

Erfindungsgemäß können Polyetherpolyole, Polyesterpolyole oder Polycarbonatpolyole eingesetzt werden, bevorzugt sind Polyetherpolyole. Erfindungsgemäß verwendbare Polyetherpolyole sind beispielsweise Polytetramethylenglykolpolyether, wie sie durch Polymerisation von Tetrahydrofuran mittels kationischer Ringöffnung erhältlich sind. Ebenfalls geeignete Polyetherpolyole sind Additionsprodukte von Styroloxid, Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxide an di- oder polyfunktionelle Startermoleküle. Geeignete Startermoleküle sind zum Beispiel Wasser, Ethylenglykol, Diethylenglykol, Butyldiglykol, Glycerin, Diethylenglykol, Trimethylolpropan, Propylenglykol, Pentaerythrit, Sorbit, Saccharose, Ethylendiamin, Toluoldiamin, Triethanolamin, 1,4-Butandiol, 1,6-Hexandiol sowie niedermolekulare, Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Ester derartiger Polyole mit Dicarbonsäuren oder Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Öle. Bevorzugt ist Glyzerin als Starter. Die Viskosität der Polyole ist vorzugsweise ≤ 800 mPas (bei 25°C). Vorzugsweise haben die Polyole mindestens 60 % sekundäre OH-Gruppen, bevorzugt mindestens 80 % sekundäre OH-Gruppen und besonders bevorzugt 90 % sekundäre OH-Gruppen. Polyetherpolyole auf Basis Propylenoxid sind besonders bevorzugt.Polyether polyols, polyester polyols or polycarbonate polyols can be used according to the invention; polyether polyols are preferred. Polyether polyols which can be used according to the invention are, for example, polytetramethylene glycol polyethers obtainable by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by means of cationic ring opening. Also suitable polyether polyols are addition products of styrene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxides to di- or polyfunctional starter molecules. Suitable starter molecules are, for example, water, ethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, butyldiglycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, toluenediamine, triethanolamine, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and low molecular weight, hydroxyl-containing esters of such polyols with dicarboxylic acids or hydroxyl-containing oils. Glycerin is preferred as a starter. The viscosity of the polyols is preferably ≦ 800 mPas (at 25 ° C). Preferably, the polyols have at least 60% secondary OH groups, preferably at least 80% secondary OH groups and more preferably 90% secondary OH groups. Polyether polyols based on propylene oxide are particularly preferred.

Die Polyole B) können auch Fasern, Füllstoffe und Polymere enthalten.The polyols B) may also contain fibers, fillers and polymers.

Als Trimerisierungskatalysatoren werden.As trimerization catalysts.

Salze von tertiären Aminen eingesetzt. Diese latent-reaktiven Trimerisierungskatalysatoren lassen sich beispielsweise durch chemische Blockierung eines katalytisch aktiven Amins erhalten. Die chemische Blockierung kann durch die Protonierung eines tertiären Amins mit einer Säure wie zum Beispiel Ameisensäure, Essigsäure, Ethylhexansäure oder Ölsäure oder eines Phenols erfolgen. Trialkylamine und heterozyklische Amine können als Amin verwendet werden, beispielsweise Trimethylamin, Triethylamin, Tripropylamin, Tributylamin, Dimethylcyclohexylamin, Dimethylbenzylamin, Dibutylcyclohexylamin, Dimethylethanolamin, Triethanolamin, Diethylethanolamin, Ethyldiethanolamin, Dimethylisopropanolamin, Triisopropanolamin, Triethylenediamin, Tetramethyl-1,3-butandiamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylendiamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylhexandiamin-1,6, N,N,N',N',N"-Pentamethyldiethylentriamin, Bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-methan, N,N,N'-Trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylendiamin, N,N-Dimethyl-N',N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylendiamin, Tetramethylguanidin, N-Methylpiperidin, N-Ethylpiperidin, N-Methylmorpholin, N-Ethylmorpholin, 1,4-Dimethylpiperidin, 1,2,4-Trimethylpiperidin, N-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-morpholin, 1-Methyl-4-(2-dimethylamino)-piperidin, 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oktan, 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en, und 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonan. Besonders bevorzugt ist 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en.Salts of tertiary amines used. These latent-reactive trimerization catalysts can be obtained, for example, by chemical blocking of a catalytically active amine. The chemical blocking can be accomplished by the protonation of a tertiary amine with an acid such as formic acid, acetic acid, ethylhexanoic acid or oleic acid or a phenol. Trialkylamines and heterocyclic amines can be used as the amine, for example, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dibutylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N, N , N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethylhexanediamine-1,6, N, N, N ', N', N "-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, bis (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) -methane, N , N, N'-trimethyl-N '- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N-dimethyl-N', N '- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, tetramethylguanidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N Methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, 1,4-dimethylpiperidine, 1,2,4-trimethylpiperidine, N- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) -morpholine, 1-methyl-4- (2-dimethylamino) -piperidine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, and 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonane. Particularly preferred is 1,8-diazabicyclo o [5.4.0] undec-7-ene.

Besonders bevorzugte Trimerisierungskatalysatoren sind Amine ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Trimethylamin, Triethylamin, Tripropylamin, Tributylamin, Dimethylcyclohexylamin, Dimethylbenzylamin, Dibutylcyclohexylamin, Dimethylethanolamin, Triethanolamin, Diethylethanolamin, Ethyldiethanolamin, Dimethylisopropanolamin, Triisopropanolamin, Triethylenediamin, Tetramethyl-1,3-butandiamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethylendiamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylhexandiamin-1,6, N,N,N',N',N"-Pentamethyldiethylentriamin, Bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-methan, N,N,N'-Trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylendiamin, N,N-Dimethyl-N',N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylendiamin, Tetramethylguanidin, N-Methylpiperidin, N-Ethylpiperidin, N-Methylmorpholin, N-Ethylmorpholin, 1,4-Dimethylpiperidin, 1,2,4-Trimethylpiperidin, N-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-morpholin, 1-Methyl-4-(2-dimethylamino)-piperidin, 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oktan, 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en, und 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonan, die jeweils als Phenolatsalz, Ethylhexoatsalz, Oleatsalz, Acetatsalz oder Formiatsalz vorliegen.Particularly preferred trimerization catalysts are amines selected from the group consisting of trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, Dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, dibutylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N', N'- Tetramethylhexanediamine-1,6, N, N, N ', N', N "-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, bis (2-dimethylaminoethoxy) -methane, N, N, N'-trimethyl-N '- (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N, N-dimethyl-N ', N' - (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, tetramethylguanidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, 1,4-dimethylpiperidine, 1,2,4- Trimethylpiperidine, N- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) morpholine, 1-methyl-4- (2-dimethylamino) -piperidine, 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undecarboxylic acid, 7-ene, and 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] -5-nonane, each of which is present as a phenolate salt, ethylhexoate salt, oleate salt, acetate salt or formate salt.

Beispiele für kommerziell verfügbare latent-reaktive Trimerisierungskatalysatoren sind das Polycat® SA1/10 (Phenol-blockiertes 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en (=DBU)), Polycat® SA 102/10, DABCO® 8154 (Ameisensäure-blockiertes Triethylendiamin) oder DABCO® WT.Examples of commercially available latent-reactive trimerization catalysts are the Polycat® SA1 / 10 (phenol-blocked 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (= DBU)), Polycat® SA 102/10, DABCO® 8154 (Formic acid-blocked triethylenediamine) or DABCO® WT.

Besonders bevorzugt als Trimerisierungskatalysator ist 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en, das als Phenolatsalz, Ethylhexoatsalz, Oleatsalz, Acetatsalz oder Formiatsalz vorliegt.Particularly preferred as a trimerization catalyst is 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene, which is present as phenolate salt, ethylhexoate salt, oleate salt, acetate salt or formate salt.

Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, dass diese latent-reaktiven Polyurethan(PUR)-Katalysatoren auch die Bildung von Polyisocyanuraten (PIR) bei erhöhter Temperatur katalysieren. Dies ermöglicht die Herstellung von großen Faserverbundbauteilen, da bei der Fülltemperatur die Polyisocyanuratbildung noch nicht auftritt und die mit Fasern gefüllten Formen durch die niedrige Viskosität schnell getränkt werden können und erst bei der späteren Temperung die Aushärtung erfolgt.Surprisingly, it has been found that these latent-reactive polyurethane (PUR) catalysts also catalyze the formation of polyisocyanurates (PIR) at elevated temperature. This allows the production of large fiber composite components, since at the filling temperature, the Polyisocyanuratbildung does not occur and the filled with fibers molds can be quickly soaked by the low viscosity and only at the later annealing takes place curing.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Faserverbundbauteile enthaltend eine Faserschicht, die mit Polyisocyanurat getränkt ist, wobei das Polyisocyanurat aus einem Reaktionsgemisch erhältlich ist umfassend

  1. A) ein oder mehrere Polyisocyanate
  2. B) ein oder mehrere Polyole und
  3. C) ein oder mehrere Trimerisierungskatalysatoren,
wobei das Verhältnis von Anzahl an Isocyanatgruppen zu Anzahl an OH-Gruppen zwischen 1,6 und 6,0 liegt.Another object of the invention are fiber composite components comprising a fiber layer, which is impregnated with polyisocyanurate, wherein the polyisocyanurate is obtainable from a reaction mixture comprising
  1. A) one or more polyisocyanates
  2. B) one or more polyols and
  3. C) one or more trimerization catalysts,
wherein the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of OH groups is between 1.6 and 6.0.

Gegebenenfalls können Additive D) zugesetzt werden. Hierbei handelt es sich beispielsweise um Entlüfter, Entschäumer, Füllstoffe, Flammschutzmittel und Verstärkungsstoffe. Weitere bekannte Additive und Zusatzmittel können bei Bedarf verwendet werden.Optionally, additives D) can be added. These include, for example, deaerators, defoamers, fillers, flame retardants and reinforcing agents. Other known additives and additives can be used as needed.

Zur Verbesserung der Brandbeständigkeit können den schäumbaren Zubereitungen zudem Flammschutzmittel zugesetzt werden, z.B. phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, vor allem Phosphate und Phosphonate, sowie auch halogenierte Polyester und Polyole oder Chlorparaffine. Ferner können auch nicht-flüchtige Flammschutzmittel wie Melamin oder expandierbarer Graphit (Blähgraphit) zugesetzt werden, welches sich unter Flammeinwirkung stark ausdehnt und dabei die Oberfläche vor weiterer Hitzeeinwirkung versiegelt.To improve the fire resistance, flame retardants may also be added to the foamable preparations, e.g. Phosphorus-containing compounds, especially phosphates and phosphonates, as well as halogenated polyesters and polyols or chlorinated paraffins. Furthermore, non-volatile flame retardants such as melamine or expandable graphite (expandable graphite) can be added, which expands greatly under the action of flame, thereby sealing the surface from further heat.

Als Fasermaterial können beschlichtete oder unbeschlichtete Fasern, beispielsweise Glasfasern, Kohlefasern, Stahl- bzw. Eisenfasern, Naturfasern, Aramidfasern, Polyethylenfasern oder Basaltfasern eingesetzt werden. Besonders bevorzugt sind Glasfasern. Die Fasern können als Kurzfasern mit einer Länge von 0,4 bis 50 mm verwendet werden. Bevorzugt sind endlosfaserverstärkte Verbundbauteile durch den Einsatz von kontinuierlichen Fasern. Die Fasern in der Faserschicht können unidirektional, regellos verteilt oder verwoben angeordnet sein. In Bauteilen mit einer Faserschicht aus mehreren Lagen besteht die Möglichkeit der Faserorientierung von Lage zu Lage. Hierbei kann man unidirektionale Faserschichten, Kreuzverbundschichten oder multidirektionale Faserschichten herstellen, wobei unidirektionale oder verwebte Lagen übereinander geschichtet werden. Besonders bevorzugt werden Faser-Halbzeuge als Fasermaterial, wie beispielsweise Gewebe, Gelege, Geflechte, Matten, Vliese, Gestricke und Gewirke oder 3D-Faser-Halbzeuge, eingesetzt.The fiber material used can be lighted or uncoated fibers, for example glass fibers, carbon fibers, steel or iron fibers, natural fibers, aramid fibers, polyethylene fibers or basalt fibers. Particularly preferred are glass fibers. The fibers can be used as short fibers with a length of 0.4 to 50 mm. Preference is given to continuous-fiber-reinforced composite components through the use of continuous fibers. The fibers in the fiber layer may be unidirectional, randomly distributed or interwoven. In components with a fiber layer of several layers, there is the possibility of fiber orientation from layer to layer. Here one can produce unidirectional fiber layers, cross-laminated layers or multidirectional fiber layers, wherein unidirectional or woven layers are stacked one above the other. Semi-finished fiber products are particularly preferably used as fiber material, such as, for example, fabrics, scrims, braids, mats, nonwovens, knitted fabrics and knitted fabrics or 3D fiber semi-finished products.

Das erhaltene Polyisocyanurat hat vorzugsweise einen PIR-Umsatz von über 20 %, bevorzugt über 40 % und besonders bevorzugt über 60 %. Der PIR-Umsatz ist der Anteil an Isocyanatgruppen, der zu PIR reagiert hat. Er kann durch Infrarot-Spektroskopie nachgewiesen werden.The polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has a PIR conversion of more than 20%, preferably more than 40% and particularly preferably more than 60%. The PIR conversion is the proportion of isocyanate groups that has reacted to PIR. It can be detected by infrared spectroscopy.

Das erhaltene Polyisocyanurat hat vorzugsweise eine Festigkeit im Zugversuch nach DIN EN ISO 527 von über 70 MPa, bevorzugt über 80 MPa, um den hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen in Bauteilen wie beispielsweise einem Rotorblatt standzuhalten.The polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has a tensile strength according to DIN EN ISO 527 of more than 70 MPa, preferably more than 80 MPa, in order to withstand the high mechanical stresses in components such as a rotor blade.

Das erhaltene Polyisocyanurat hat vorzugsweise eine E-Modul im Zugversuch nach DIN EN ISO 527 von über 2700 MPa, bevorzugt über 2900 MPa, um den hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen in Bauteilen wie beispielsweise einem Rotorblatt standzuhalten.The polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has an elastic modulus in the tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 527 of more than 2700 MPa, preferably more than 2900 MPa, in order to withstand the high mechanical stresses in components such as a rotor blade.

Das erhaltene Polyisocyanurat hat vorzugsweise eine Wärmeformbeständigkeit (HDT) nach DIN EN ISO 75 - 1/75 2004, Methode A mit einer Biegespannung von 1,8 N/mm2 von über 70 °C, bevorzugt über 75°C und besonders bevorzugt über 80 °C um den hohen Temperaturbelastungen in Bauteilen standzuhalten.The polyisocyanurate obtained preferably has a heat resistance (HDT) according to DIN EN ISO 75-1 / 75 2004, Method A with a bending stress of 1.8 N / mm 2 of over 70 ° C, preferably above 75 ° C and more preferably above 80 ° C to withstand the high temperature loads in components.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Faserverbundbauteile können zur Herstellung von Rotorblättern von Windkraftanlagen, zur Herstellung von Karosseriebauteilen von Automobilen oder im Flugzeugbau, in Bauteilen des Gebäude- bzw. Straßenbaus (z.B. Kanaldeckel) und sonstigen hochbelasteten Strukturen verwendet werden.The fiber composite components according to the invention can be used for the production of rotor blades of wind power plants, for the manufacture of automotive body components or in aircraft construction, in structural building components (for example manhole covers) and other heavily loaded structures.

Die Erfindung soll anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele näher erläutert werden.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples.

BeispieleExamples

Um die Matrixeigenschaften zu bestimmen, wurden Formkörper (Platten) aus verschiedenen Polyisocyanurat- und Polyurethansystemen hergestellt und verglichen. Die Polyolmischungen, die den Trimerisierungskatalysator enthalten, wurden bei einem Druck von 1 mbar für 60 Minuten entgast und danach mit dem Isocyanat versetzt. Diese Abmischung wurde für ca. 5 Minuten bei einem Druck von 1 mbar entgast und danach in Plattenformen gegossen. Die Platten wurden bei Raumtemperatur gegossen und über Nacht in einem auf 80 °C geheizten Trockenschrank getempert. Die Dicke der Platten war 4 mm. Man erhielt optisch transparente Platten. Die Mengenangaben und Eigenschaften sind der Tabelle zu entnehmen.To determine the matrix properties, molded articles (plates) of different polyisocyanurate and polyurethane systems were prepared and compared. The polyol mixtures containing the trimerization catalyst were degassed at a pressure of 1 mbar for 60 minutes and then admixed with the isocyanate. This mixture was degassed for about 5 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar and then poured into plate molds. The plates were poured at room temperature and annealed overnight in a drying oven heated to 80 ° C. The thickness of the plates was 4 mm. Optically transparent plates were obtained. The quantities and properties are shown in the table.

Aus den Platten wurden Probenkörper für einen Zugversuch nach DIN EN ISO 527 hergestellt und der E-Modul und die Festigkeit bestimmt.From the plates specimens were prepared for a tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 527 and determined the modulus of elasticity and strength.

Die Wärmeformbeständigkeit (Heat Deflection Temperature - HDT) wurde nach DIN EN ISO 75 1/75 2004 - Methode A mit einer Biegespannung von 1,8 N/mm2 und einer Aufheizrate von 120 K/h bestimmt.The heat deflection temperature (HDT) was determined according to DIN EN ISO 75 1/75 2004 - Method A with a bending stress of 1.8 N / mm 2 and a heating rate of 120 K / h.

Mit der Zusammensetzung aus Beispiel 1 bis 4 wurden optisch transparente, glasfaserverstärkte Polyisocyanuratwerkstoffe durch das Vakuuminfusionsverfahren mit einem Glasfasergehalt von über 60 Gew.-% hergestellt werden. Dazu wurden vier Lagen eines UD-Glasgeleges mit einem Glasflächengewicht von 1040 g/m2 je Lage auf ein Werkzeug gegeben, mit einer Vakuumfolie abgedichtet und evakuiert. Dann wurde die Zusammensetzung aus Beispiel 1 bis 4, die vorab für ca. 5 Minuten entgast wurde, eingesogen. Nachdem die Form gefüllt war, wurde das Bauteil bei 80 °C über Nacht getempert.With the composition of Examples 1 to 4, optically transparent, glass fiber reinforced polyisocyanurate materials were produced by the vacuum infusion process with a glass fiber content of over 60% by weight. For this purpose, four layers of a UD glass scrim with a glass surface weight of 1040 g / m 2 per layer were placed on a tool, sealed with a vacuum film and evacuated. Then, the composition of Example 1 to 4, which was previously degassed for about 5 minutes, was drawn in. After the mold was filled, the component was annealed at 80 ° C overnight.

Die Viskosität wurde 30 Minuten nach dem Vermischen der Komponenten bei einer konstanten Temperatur von 25 °C mit einem Rotationsviskosimeter bei einer Scherrate von 60 1/s bestimmt.The viscosity was determined 30 minutes after mixing the components at a constant temperature of 25 ° C with a rotary viscometer at a shear rate of 60 1 / s.

Ausgangsverbindungen:Starting Compounds:

  • Polyol1: Glyzerin gestartetes Polypropylenoxidpolyol mit einer Funktionalität von 3 und einer OH-Zahl von 400 mg KOH/g und einer Viskosität von 375 mPas (bei 25°C).Polyol 1: Glycerol-initiated polypropylene oxide polyol having a functionality of 3 and an OH number of 400 mg KOH / g and a viscosity of 375 mPas (at 25 ° C).
  • Polyol2: Glyzerin gestartetes Polypropylenoxidpolyol mit einer Funktionalität von 3 und einer OH-Zahl von 450 mg KOH/g und einer Viskosität von 420 mPas (bei 25°C).Polyol 2: Glycerine-initiated polypropylene oxide polyol having a functionality of 3 and an OH number of 450 mg KOH / g and a viscosity of 420 mPas (at 25 ° C).
  • Polycat® SA 1/10: Produkt der Firma Air Products. Phenolsalz von 1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-en in Dipropylenglykol. Die OH-Zahl betrug 83 mg KOH/g.Polycat® SA 1/10: product of Air Products. Phenol salt of 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene in dipropylene glycol. The OH number was 83 mg KOH / g.
  • Isocyanat1: Gemisch von Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat (MDI) mit Isomeren und höherfunktionellen Homologen mit einem NCO-Gehalt von 32,5 Gew.-%; Viskosität bei 25°C: 20 mPas. Die Mischung enthält ca. 51 Gew.-% Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat, 30 Gew.-% Diphenylmethan-2,4'-diisocyanat, 6 Gew.-% Diphenylmethan-2,2'-diisocyanat und 13 Gew.-% höherfunktionelle Homologe von MDI.Isocyanate 1: mixture of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) with isomers and higher functional homologues with an NCO content of 32.5% by weight; Viscosity at 25 ° C: 20 mPas. The mixture contains about 51 wt .-% diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, 30 wt .-% diphenylmethane-2,4'-diisocyanate, 6 wt .-% diphenylmethane-2,2'-diisocyanate and 13 wt. -% higher functional homologs of MDI.
  • Isocyanat2: Gemisch von Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat (MDI) mit Isomeren und höherfunktionellen Homologen mit einem NCO-Gehalt von 32,6 Gew.-%; Viskosität bei 25°C: 20 mPas. Die Mischung enthält ca. 60 Gew.-% Diphenylmethan-4,4'-diisocyanat, 22 Gew.-% Diphenylmethan-2,4'-diisocyanat, 3 Gew.-% Diphenylmethan-2,2'-diisocyanat und 15 Gew.-% höherfunktionelle Homologe von MDI.Isocyanate 2: mixture of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) with isomers and higher functional homologues with an NCO content of 32.6% by weight; Viscosity at 25 ° C: 20 mPas. The mixture contains about 60 wt .-% diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, 22 wt .-% diphenylmethane-2,4'-diisocyanate, 3 wt .-% diphenylmethane-2,2'-diisocyanate and 15 wt. -% higher functional homologs of MDI.

Alle Mengenangaben in der folgenden Tabelle sind in Gewichtsteilen. Tabelle: Beispiel 1 Beispiel 2 Beispiel3 Beispiel 4 Vergleichsbeispiels Vergleichsbeispiel6 Polyol1 100 118 130 98 200 - Polyol2 - - - - - 200 Polycat SA1/10 2 2 2 2 - - Isocyanat1 300 280 268 - - - Isocyanat2 - - - 300 202 227 Molares Verhältnis NCO/OH 3,2 2,6 2,2 3,3 1,1 1,1 Viskosität direkt nach dem Vermischen bei 25°C [mPas] 34 45 49 49 112 122 Viskosität 30 min. nach dem Vermischen bei 25°C [mPas] 173 352 461 625 504 716 Zugversuch: E-Modul [MPa] 2966 2773 2819 2981 2936 3038 Zugversuch: Festigkeit [MPa] 80,9 83,7 83,5 79,7 72,9 80,3 HDT [°C] 78 89 81 77 66 73 All quantities in the following table are in parts by weight. Table: example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative example Comparative Example 6 Polyol1 100 118 130 98 200 - Polyol2 - - - - - 200 Polycat SA1 / 10 2 2 2 2 - - Isocyanat1 300 280 268 - - - Isocyanat2 - - - 300 202 227 Molar ratio NCO / OH 3.2 2.6 2.2 3.3 1.1 1.1 Viscosity directly after mixing at 25 ° C [mPas] 34 45 49 49 112 122 Viscosity 30 min. after mixing at 25 ° C [mPas] 173 352 461 625 504 716 Tensile test: modulus of elasticity [MPa] 2966 2773 2819 2981 2936 3038 Tensile test: strength [MPa] 80.9 83.7 83.5 79.7 72.9 80.3 HDT [° C] 78 89 81 77 66 73

Die erfindungsgemäßen Beispiele 1 bis 4 ergeben kompakte und optisch transparente Formteile, die sehr gute mechanische Eigenschaften wie einem E-Modul von über 2700 MPa, einer Festigkeit von über 75 MPa und einem HDT-Wert von über 75 °C vereinen. Für die Herstellung von faserverstärkten Bauteilen ist vor allem eine sehr niedrige Viskosität nötig, da dadurch die Formen deutlich schneller und gleichmäßiger gefüllt werden können. Dies ermöglich kürzere Zykluszeiten, die die Formen nur kürzer belegt werden müssen. Der verwendete latent-reaktive Trimerisierungskatalysator führt zu einer sehr schnellen Aushärtung bei 80 °C.Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention give compact and optically transparent molded parts which combine very good mechanical properties, such as an E-modulus of more than 2700 MPa, a strength of more than 75 MPa and an HDT value of more than 75 ° C. Above all, a very low viscosity is necessary for the production of fiber-reinforced components, as this allows the molds to be filled much faster and more uniformly. This allows shorter cycle times, the forms need only be occupied for a shorter time. The latent-reactive trimerization catalyst used leads to a very rapid curing at 80 ° C.

Die Vergleichsbeispiele 5 und 6 wurden mit einem molaren Verhältnis NCO/OH von 1,1 hergestellt. Da die Reaktion mit Trimerisierungskatalysator schon zu schnell war, wurde hier ohne Trimerisierungskatalysator gearbeitet werden. Mit Trimerisierungskatalysator liegt die Viskosität 30 Minuten nach dem Vermischen bei 25 °C bei 3320 mPas (0,5 Gew.-Teile Polycat SA1/10 auf 100 Teile Polyol + Isocyanat) für Vergleichsbeispiel 5 und bei 5980 mPas (0,5 Gew.-Teile auf 100 Teile Polyol und Isocyanat) für Vergleichsbeispiel 6. Die latent-reaktiven Trimerisierungskatalysatoren wirken zwar vor allem bei erhöhten Temperaturen und führen so zu einer schnellen Aushärtung der Probe bei dem späteren Tempervorgang, aber sie katalysieren auch bereits bei 25 °C die Polyurethanreaktion in geringem Maße. Dieser Effekt ist aber bei den erfindungsgemäßen Beispielen 1 bis 4 deutlich geringer, da die spätere Vernetzung durch die Polyisocyanuratreaktion erfolgt. Obwohl bei Vergleichsbeispiel 5 und 6 ohne Trimerisierungskatalysator gearbeitet wurde, ist der Viskositätsanstieg nach 30 Minuten relativ hoch und vor allem die Anfangsviskosität ist deutlich höher als in den Beispielen 1 bis 4. Da der Füllvorgang länger dauert, steigt die Zykluszeit deutlich an und die einzelne Form wird länger benutzt, was zu deutlich höheren Kosten führt. Außerdem ist die Benetzung der Fasern bei einer höheren Viskosität schwieriger.Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were prepared with a NCO / OH molar ratio of 1.1. Since the reaction with trimerization catalyst was already too fast, it was used without trimerization catalyst. With trimerization catalyst, the viscosity is 30 minutes after mixing at 25 ° C at 3320 mPas (0.5 parts by weight Polycat SA1 / 10 per 100 parts of polyol + isocyanate) for Comparative Example 5 and at 5980 mPas (0.5 wt. Parts on 100 Parts polyol and isocyanate) for Comparative Example 6. Although the latent-reactive trimerization catalysts act especially at elevated temperatures and thus lead to rapid curing of the sample in the subsequent annealing process, but they catalyze even at 25 ° C, the polyurethane reaction to a small extent. However, this effect is significantly lower in Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention, since the subsequent crosslinking is carried out by the polyisocyanurate reaction. Although working in Comparative Example 5 and 6 without Trimerisierungskatalysator, the viscosity increase after 30 minutes is relatively high and especially the initial viscosity is significantly higher than in Examples 1 to 4. As the filling process takes longer, the cycle time increases significantly and the single mold is used longer, resulting in significantly higher costs. In addition, the wetting of the fibers at a higher viscosity is more difficult.

In Vergleichsbeispiel 6 wurde die OH-Zahl des Polyols erhöht um die mechanischen Kennwerte des PUR-Systems weiter zu erhöhen. Dies erfolgt aber auf Kosten einer erhöhten Viskosität und einem erhöhten Viskositätsanstieg.In Comparative Example 6, the OH number of the polyol was increased in order to further increase the mechanical characteristics of the PUR system. However, this occurs at the expense of increased viscosity and increased viscosity increase.

Die sehr guten mechanischen Kennwerte und ein HDT von über 75 °C in Kombination mit einer sehr niedrigen Anfangsviskosität von kleiner 50 mPas, was zu einer hohen Produktivität bei der Herstellung von großen faserverstärkten Bauteilen führt, wurde nur mit den erfindungsgemäßen Beispielen erreicht.The very good mechanical characteristics and an HDT of over 75 ° C in combination with a very low initial viscosity of less than 50 mPas, which leads to high productivity in the production of large fiber-reinforced components, has been achieved only with the inventive examples.

Für die Bestimmung der Flammwidrigkeit wurde die vertikale Flammenausbreitung bei Kantenbeflammung mit einem Kleinbrennertest in Anlehnung an DIN 53438-2 bestimmt. Bei Beispiel 1 trat Selbstverlöschung bereits 5 Sekunden nach Flammentzug auf und die Flammhöhe war max. 70 mm. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte sich bei Vergleichsbeispiel 6 keine Selbstverlöschung und die Flammhöhe war größer als 150 mm, damit ist der Test nicht bestanden.For the determination of the flame retardance, the vertical flame propagation at edge fire was determined with a small burner test based on DIN 53438-2. In example 1 self-extinguishing already occurred 5 seconds after flame pull and the flame height was max. 70 mm. In contrast, Comparative Example 6 showed no self-extinguishing and the flame height was greater than 150 mm, so that the test is failed.

Die Flammwidrigkeit wurde durch die Bildung von Polyisocyanuraten deutlich verbessert. Die Flammwidrigkeit ist bei vielen Faserverbundbauteilen eine entscheidende Eigenschaft, da sie die Sicherheit der Endanwendung (z.B. eines Rotorblattes, eines Karosserieteiles) erhöht.The flame retardancy was significantly improved by the formation of polyisocyanurates. Flame retardancy is a critical feature in many composite fiber components because it increases the safety of the end use (e.g., a rotor blade, a body panel).

Claims (12)

  1. Fiber composite component comprising a polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer, where the polyisocyanurate is obtainable from a reaction mixture comprising
    A) one or more polyisocyanates
    B) one or more polyols, and
    C) one or more trimerization catalysts,
    where the ratio of number of isocyanate groups to number of OH groups is from 1.6 to 6.0, and where the trimerization catalyst is a salt of a tertiary amine.
  2. Fiber composite component according to Claim 1, where a latently reactive trimerization catalyst is used as catalyst C).
  3. Fiber composite part according to Claim 1, where the tertiary amine is selected from the group consisting of trimethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, dimethylcyclohexyl-amine, dimethylbenzylamine, dibutylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyldiethanolamine, dimethylisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, triethylenediamine, tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine, N,N,N',N',N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)methane, N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N',N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, tetramethylguanidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, 1,4-dimethylpiperidine, 1,2,4-trimethylpiperidine, N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) morpholine, 1-methyl-4-(2-dimethylamino)piperidine, 1,4-diaza bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, and 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonane.
  4. Fiber composite part according to Claim 1, where the salt is selected from the group consisting of phenolates, ethylhexoates, oleates, acetates, and formates.
  5. Fiber composite component according to Claim 1, where there are one or more gelcoat layers present on one side of the polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer.
  6. Fiber composite component according to Claim 5, where on that side of the polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer that is opposite to the gelcoat layer there is a spacer layer present, which is followed by another polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer.
  7. Fiber composite component according to Claim 1, where there is, on one side of the polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer, a spacer layer which is followed by another polyisocyanurate-containing fiber layer.
  8. Process for the production of the fiber composite components according to Claim 1, where
    a) a mixture is produced comprising
    A) one or more polyisocyanates
    B) one or more polyols, and
    C) one or more trimerization catalysts,
    where the ratio of number of isocyanate groups to number of OH groups is from 1.6 to 6.0,
    b) a fiber material is used as initial charge in a mold half,
    c) the mixture produced in a) is introduced into the fiber material of b) for the production of a saturated fiber material,
    d) the saturated fiber material hardens at a temperature of from 20 to 120°C, preferably from 70 to 100°C.
  9. Process according to Claim 8, where before the step b)
    b') one or more gelcoat layers are introduced into the mold half.
  10. Process according to Claim 8 or 9, where after the step b) or b') and before the step c) a spacer-material layer and then a fiber-material layer are introduced into the mold half.
  11. Process according to Claim 8, where step c) is carried out by the vacuum infusion process.
  12. Use of the fiber composite components according to any of Claims 1 to 7 for the production of rotor blades of wind turbines, for the production of bodywork components of automobiles or in aircraft construction, in components used to construct in the construction of buildings or of roads (e.g. manhole cover), and in other structures subject to high loads.
EP12773313.7A 2011-10-21 2012-10-15 Fibre reinforced polyisocyanurate component and method for its production Active EP2768891B1 (en)

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EP12773313.7A EP2768891B1 (en) 2011-10-21 2012-10-15 Fibre reinforced polyisocyanurate component and method for its production
PCT/EP2012/070391 WO2013057070A1 (en) 2011-10-21 2012-10-15 Fibre-reinforced polyisocyanurate component and a method for production thereof

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BR112014009576A2 (en) 2017-05-09
CN103890059B (en) 2017-07-18
EP2768891A1 (en) 2014-08-27
WO2013057070A1 (en) 2013-04-25
ES2690972T3 (en) 2018-11-23
CN103890059A (en) 2014-06-25
DK2768891T3 (en) 2018-10-29
US9334379B2 (en) 2016-05-10
US20150125703A1 (en) 2015-05-07
ZA201403674B (en) 2016-10-26

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