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EP2600120B1 - Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la vitesse d'écoulement de fluides - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la vitesse d'écoulement de fluides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2600120B1
EP2600120B1 EP12007871.2A EP12007871A EP2600120B1 EP 2600120 B1 EP2600120 B1 EP 2600120B1 EP 12007871 A EP12007871 A EP 12007871A EP 2600120 B1 EP2600120 B1 EP 2600120B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor
sensor
heating
integrator
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12007871.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2600120A1 (fr
Inventor
Burghard SCHÄFER
Anh Tuan Chu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sensus Spectrum LLC
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Sensus Spectrum LLC
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2600120A1 publication Critical patent/EP2600120A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/696—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters
    • G01F1/698—Feedback or rebalancing circuits, e.g. self heated constant temperature flowmeters
    • G01F1/6986—Feedback or rebalancing circuits, e.g. self heated constant temperature flowmeters with pulsed heating, e.g. dynamic methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/688—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element
    • G01F1/69—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow using a particular type of heating, cooling or sensing element of resistive type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/696—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters
    • G01F1/698—Feedback or rebalancing circuits, e.g. self heated constant temperature flowmeters
    • G01F1/699—Feedback or rebalancing circuits, e.g. self heated constant temperature flowmeters by control of a separate heating or cooling element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for measuring the flow velocity of fluids.
  • thermal sensors with at least one heating resistor and at least one sensor resistor are used.
  • the heating resistor is heated by means of a pulsed current.
  • WO 2008/139237 A1 describes the pulse-shaped power supply avoids the formation of gas bubbles on the surface of the sensor.
  • the DE 199 39 942 A1 describes a method for measuring a flow rate of a flowing fluid, wherein the heating element or the sensor element is pulsed heated, so that the sensor element is heated.
  • the sensor element is in operative connection with the fluid to be measured. From the time course of taking place in the sensor element heating and cooling process, the flow rate is calculated.
  • the temperature increases of the sensor elements due to the heating process are low and are about 0.1 ° C to 2 ° C.
  • the maximum temperature difference that occurs between maximum and minimum measurable flow rates is only a fraction of the temperature increases of the sensor elements due to the heating process, this means that very small temperature fluctuations must be precisely detected to indicate flow with high accuracy. Consequently, high demands are placed on the measuring devices of such flow meters, which in turn leads to high operating and manufacturing costs.
  • Instrument amplifiers are known to have good common-mode rejection against disturbances. Furthermore, the offset voltages of the inputs are very low. Due to the measurement of the reference resistance value and the formation of the difference with the measured sensor resistance value, offset voltages of the integrators can be almost eliminated.
  • the result is an exact indication of a measure of the flow velocity.
  • the power consumption is comparatively low in the described method, so that the method can also be used in battery-operated thermal sensors for measuring the flow velocity of fluids.
  • the first and second integrators essentially detect, during the entire duration of the heating current pulse, the current flowing through the sensor resistor or the current flowing through the reference resistor.
  • the maximum possible measuring interval is utilized in order to obtain an optimum averaging of the measured values from the sensor resistor or from the reference resistor.
  • the sensor resistance to a temperature coefficient ⁇ and a base resistance R0, which are comparatively large, preferably wherein the temperature coefficient ⁇ > 0.003 1 / K and the base resistance R0> 10k ⁇ .
  • Base resistance R0 is the resistance in the unheated state.
  • a measuring device for measuring the flow rate of fluids, configured for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a thermal sensor with at least one heating resistor and at least one sensor resistor, wherein the heating resistor is thermally coupled to the sensor resistor, and a measuring circuit, wherein the measuring circuit comprises a first integrator for integrally measuring a current flowing through the sensor resistor current, a second integrator for integrating measurement of a current flowing through a reference resistor current, an instrument amplifier, an analog / digital converter and an output unit for the signal detected by the measuring circuit.
  • the measuring device makes it possible to carry out the method according to the invention, so that with the aid of the measuring device the flow rate can be specified with a high degree of accuracy.
  • the inventive method is thus preferably used in a device in which the heating resistor is thermally coupled to the sensor resistor, wherein the sensor resistor is thermally heated by the heating resistor and in which the heating resistor is in thermal communication with the flowing fluid. It is true that at high flow velocities of the fluid, a large heat transfer from the heating resistor takes place in the fluid, while at low flow rates, only a small transfer of heat from the heating resistor takes place in the fluid. At high flow velocities of the fluid, the sensor resistance is heated to a lower value than at low flow velocities of the fluid. Since the resistance value of the sensor resistance is temperature-dependent, the current flow through the sensor resistance can be used to deduce the temperature of the sensor resistance and thus the flow velocity of the fluid.
  • the first integrator and the second integrator are arranged on a chip in a preferred embodiment.
  • a reference resistance is selected which has a resistance value which is approximately in the middle of the minimum and maximum resistance values of the sensor resistance.
  • the instrumentation amplifier preferably has a high amplification factor, so that the A / D converter detects only the signal changes caused by the change in the flow rate. Thus, both at high flow rates and at low flow rates, the flow rate can be specified with high accuracy.
  • the reference resistor In order to keep the temperature influences of the reference resistance as low as possible, the reference resistor has a very small temperature coefficient.
  • a battery can be provided in the measuring device.
  • Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of a measuring device 10.
  • the measuring device 10 includes a thermal sensor 12 with a heating resistor 14 and a sensor resistor 16, a power source in the form of a battery 17 and a measuring circuit 18th
  • the heating resistor 14 of the thermal sensor 12 is heated by means of a current from the current source 17, wherein the heating resistor 14 in turn heats the sensor resistor 16.
  • the measuring device 10 comprises a measuring circuit 18 with a first integrator 20 and a second integrator 22. Furthermore, an instrument amplifier 24, an A / D converter 26, an evaluation and control unit 28 and a display device 30 are provided.
  • the thermal sensor 12 is arranged on a measuring tube 32 through which the fluid to be measured flows.
  • the heating resistor 14 is pulsed with a constant current by closing a switch 17 on the power supply for a predetermined period of time.
  • the heating resistor 14 of the thermal sensor 12 is in thermal contact with a fluid flowing through the measuring tube 32. Depending on the flow rate of the fluid, heat is released to the fluid. Since the heating resistor 14 is thermally coupled to the sensor resistor 16, the sensor resistor 16 is heated in response to the flow rate of the fluid through the heating resistor 14 to a certain temperature.
  • a current applied to the sensor resistor 16 in the first integrator 20 is detected integrating.
  • the detected value of the current is dependent on the temperature of the sensor resistor 16.
  • the current flowing through a reference resistor 34 is integrally detected in the second integrator 22.
  • the integrated values determined in the integrators 20, 22, namely the average sensor resistance value and the averaged reference resistance value, are input to the instrumentation amplifier 24. Subsequently, the difference signal is converted in an analog / digital converter 26 from an analog signal to a digital signal.
  • the digital signal is a measure of the flow velocity of the fluid to be measured and is provided with a reference value in an evaluation unit 28 for indicating the actual flow rate compared. The thus determined value of the flow velocity is output in the display unit 30.
  • Both integrators 20, 22 are located on a chip, so that the difference signal is offset-independent.
  • the resistance of the sensor resistor 16 varies from a minimum resistance achieved at high flow rates to a maximum resistance achieved at near zero flow rates.
  • the temperature-sensitive sensor resistor 16 has a temperature coefficient ⁇ and a base resistance which are as large as possible.
  • the reference resistor 34 should be as temperature-independent as possible, a very small temperature coefficient is selected at the reference resistor 34. Furthermore, the reference resistor 34 has a resistance value which lies between the minimum and maximum resistance value of the sensor resistor 16.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé de mesure de la vitesse d'écoulement de fluides au moyen d'un capteur thermique comprenant au moins une résistance chauffante (14) et au moins une résistance de détection (16), la résistance chauffante (14) étant couplée thermiquement avec la résistance de détection (16), caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    - mise en chauffe de l'au moins une résistance chauffante (14) pendant la durée d'une impulsion d'un courant de chauffage ;
    - acquisition avec intégration simultanée d'un courant qui circule à travers la résistance de détection (16) dans un premier intégrateur (20) pendant une durée prédéfinie et acquisition avec intégration simultanée d'un courant qui circule à travers une résistance de référence (34) dans un deuxième intégrateur (22) pendant la durée prédéfinie ;
    - détermination d'une valeur moyenne de la résistance de détection et d'une valeur moyenne de la résistance de référence ;
    - amplification de la valeur moyenne de la résistance de détection et de la valeur moyenne de la résistance de référence et formation d'un signal différentiel à partir de la valeur moyenne de la résistance de détection et de la valeur moyenne de la résistance de référence dans un amplificateur de mesure (24) ;
    - délivrance du signal différentiel.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier et le deuxième intégrateur acquièrent avec intégration le courant qui circule à travers la résistance de détection ou à travers la résistance de référence sensiblement pendant toute la durée de l'impulsion du courant de chauffage.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le signal différentiel est un signal analogique qui est converti en un signal numérique au moyen d'un convertisseur A/N (26).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de détection possède un coefficient de température α et une résistance de base R0 qui sont relativement grands, de préférence α > 0,003 1/K et R0 > 10 kΩ.
  5. Dispositif de mesure destiné à mesurer la vitesse d'écoulement de fluides, conçu pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant un capteur thermique (12) doté d'au moins une résistance chauffante (14) et d'au moins une résistance de détection (16), la résistance chauffante étant couplée thermiquement avec la résistance de détection, et un circuit de mesure (18), le circuit de mesure (18) comprenant :
    - un premier intégrateur (20) destiné à la mesure avec intégration d'un courant à travers la résistance de détection (16),
    - un deuxième intégrateur (22) destiné à la mesure avec intégration d'un courant à travers une résistance de référence (34),
    - un amplificateur différentiel (24) et
    - une unité de sortie (28) pour le signal déterminé au moyen du circuit de mesure (18).
  6. Dispositif de mesure selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le premier intégrateur (20) et le deuxième intégrateur (22) sont disposés sur une puce.
  7. Dispositif de mesure selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de référence (34) possède une valeur de résistance qui se situe approximativement au centre des valeurs de résistance minimale et maximale de la résistance de détection (16).
  8. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'amplificateur différentiel possède un facteur d'amplification élevé.
  9. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de détection possède un coefficient de température α et une résistance de base R0 qui sont relativement grands, de préférence α > 0,003 1/K et R0 > 10 kΩ.
  10. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la résistance de référence (34) présente un très faible coefficient de température.
  11. Dispositif de mesure selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'une batterie (17) est présente en tant que source de courant.
EP12007871.2A 2011-12-01 2012-11-22 Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la vitesse d'écoulement de fluides Active EP2600120B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011119823A DE102011119823A1 (de) 2011-12-01 2011-12-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Strömungegeschwindigkeit von Fluiden

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EP2600120A1 EP2600120A1 (fr) 2013-06-05
EP2600120B1 true EP2600120B1 (fr) 2017-07-12

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN113172206B (zh) * 2021-04-09 2022-07-29 北京科技大学 一种基于电流变化的结晶器内钢液流场测量方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19654014C1 (de) * 1996-12-21 1998-07-02 Afm Sensorik Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Strömungsmessung
DE19939942A1 (de) 1999-08-23 2001-03-01 Abb Research Ltd Thermischer Durchflussmesser
JP2002181606A (ja) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-26 Yazaki Corp ガスメータ
JP4161078B2 (ja) * 2005-11-22 2008-10-08 三菱電機株式会社 熱式流量センサ
US20100162809A1 (en) 2007-05-10 2010-07-01 Acque Ingegneria S.R.L. Flow rate sensor for water ducts and a method for measuring water flow
JP4861481B2 (ja) * 2007-09-12 2012-01-25 ビ−エイイ− システムズ パブリック リミテッド カンパニ− 流体の流れの監視

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EP2600120A1 (fr) 2013-06-05
DE102011119823A1 (de) 2013-06-06

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