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EP2690709A1 - Antenna reflector, of diameter greater than 1 m, for high-frequency applications in a space environment - Google Patents

Antenna reflector, of diameter greater than 1 m, for high-frequency applications in a space environment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2690709A1
EP2690709A1 EP13176732.9A EP13176732A EP2690709A1 EP 2690709 A1 EP2690709 A1 EP 2690709A1 EP 13176732 A EP13176732 A EP 13176732A EP 2690709 A1 EP2690709 A1 EP 2690709A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
ribs
membrane
fopp
opposite face
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13176732.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Florent Lebrun
Eric Arnaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thales SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales SA filed Critical Thales SA
Publication of EP2690709A1 publication Critical patent/EP2690709A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q15/142—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

Definitions

  • the invention lies in the field of geostationary telecommunication satellites comprising different passive antennas equipped with large reflectors.
  • the invention is particularly intended for applications in very high frequency bands such as Ka and Q / V bands but also meets the lower technical needs of lower frequency bands such as the C and Ku bands.
  • the frequency band designated Ka corresponds to the frequencies between 26.5 and 40 GHz, ie a wavelength of between 11.3 and 7.5 mm.
  • the frequency band designated Q / V corresponds to frequencies between 33 and 75 GHz, ie a wavelength of between 9.1 and 3.3 mm.
  • the C and Ku frequency bands are currently widely used by operators.
  • the Ka frequency band is in full development while the Q / V band solutions are still just emerging.
  • the Ka frequency band more frequency is available than in Ku frequency bands.
  • the frequency band Ka makes it possible to multiply the offered capacity and thus to offer services at prices lower than those of the Ku frequency band.
  • Ka-band generated beams are much more directive than in lower frequency bands, the energy being concentrated and the spectrum reusable over a geographically separated area intensively.
  • a first conventional technology called “thick shell” technology is widespread. This technology is based on a structure called “sandwich”.
  • a reflector developed according to this technology comprises two membranes and a structure commonly called “spacer” located between the two membranes.
  • the membranes comprise carbon and the spacer "honeycomb” includes aluminum or CFRP, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, in English. Carbon is used for its low coefficient of expansion.
  • This concept does not achieve the objective of stability of the reflective profile temperature specified at 60 microns, so it is not suitable for use in Q / V band.
  • the reflector comprises a membrane on which is fixed a stiffener network for stiffening the reflector.
  • the stiffener network is a reinforcing grid forming a triangular pattern called "lsogrid" disposed adjacent to the first structure, the stiffener network being fixed to the membrane by gluing.
  • the glass transition temperature Tg of the adhesive used to ensure the mechanical connection between the stiffeners and the reflecting membrane is inherently incompatible with use at a temperature of + 165 ° C. This glass transition temperature is actually in the best of cases close to + 175 ° C. and is therefore too close to the upper limit of the useful temperature range sought for this type of application. Moreover, the complexity of assembly of the reinforcing grid makes this technology economically inefficient.
  • the product offered by EADS-CASA consists of an assembly of thin elements.
  • the active surface of the reflector comprises a "sandwich” structure with the desired RF profile.
  • a stiffening network composed of flat panels is associated with the active surface of the "sandwich” structure to provide stiffness.
  • This product achieves the objectives set in terms of surface quality but its mass is relatively high.
  • the assembly of the different panels requires a significant number of hours of labor which makes this product economically competitive.
  • EADS Astrium offers a reflector based on "Ultra Light Reflector” technology or URL, this type of reflector is particularly suitable for applications in frequencies ranging from the C-band to the Ku-band. They are also very powerful in terms of mass.
  • This product includes two perforated carbon membranes which makes the URL type reflector insensitive to vibro acoustic loading.
  • a reflector according to this technology is incompatible with applications in Ka or Q / V band.
  • An object of the invention is to develop a telecommunication antenna reflector alternative to existing technologies, compatible with high frequency applications, suitable for a space environment and whose development process requires little time to hand. in relation to known solutions.
  • an antenna reflector compatible with high frequency applications, between 50 and 75 GHz adapted for use in a spatial environment which comprises a paraboloid-shaped membrane comprising an active face to reflect electromagnetic radiation and a face opposite to the active face.
  • the opposite face comprises ribs for stiffening the reflector, the ribs being disposed on the opposite face forming between them a grid.
  • the dimension of the rib perpendicular to the point of attachment of the rib on the membrane increases as the distance from the edge of the reflector increases.
  • the arrangement of the ribs is in the form of a grid whose elementary pattern is rectangle or square. This type of pattern makes it possible to achieve the specified stiffness objectives while offering a great ease of assembly, which considerably reduces the labor time and thus optimizes the economic competitiveness of the product. This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the reflector.
  • the membrane comprises a single material comprising a carbon composite.
  • the ribs are surmounted by caps to increase the rigidity of the reflector, the caps are commonly called anti-pouring plates.
  • the caps comprise a single material comprising a carbon composite. The addition of hats avoids the lateral discharge of the ribs.
  • the reflector membrane has a diameter of between 1.8 and 2.5 m.
  • a method of manufacturing a reflector as described above, in which the ribs are reported.
  • the ribs are reported by gluing.
  • the ribs are assembled by a notch system which makes it possible to have continuous stiffening ribs from one edge to the other of the reflector.
  • the method comprises a step of making and fixing hats on the ribs.
  • the fixing of the caps can be achieved by gluing, using a silicone type adhesive.
  • All the components of the reflector, membrane, ribs and hats comprise a single material comprising a carbon composite which ensures optimal geometric stability over the temperature range defined above.
  • the figure 1a illustrates an antenna reflector R in side view.
  • the antenna reflector R comprises a membrane M consisting of a carbon composite.
  • the membrane m comprises an active Fact face for reflecting electromagnetic radiation and an opposite Fopp face, the concave active Fact face and the opposite convex Fopp face.
  • the membrane M may comprise an opposite plane Fopp face.
  • the membrane M is cupola-shaped and comprises a convex active Fact face, for focusing an electromagnetic radiation, and a concave opposite Fopp face.
  • the figure 1b illustrates a top view of the reflector R corresponding to the active face Fact of the reflector R. It will be noted that the grids represented on the Figures 1a and 1b only allow a better visualization of the dome-shaped structure of the membrane M.
  • the figure 1c represents a bottom view of the reflector R corresponding to the opposite face Fopp of the reflector R.
  • the opposite face Fopp of the reflector R is of convex shape.
  • ribs N On the opposite face Fopp of the reflector are arranged ribs N forming a grid between them, the ribs N for stiffening of the membrane M.
  • a dimension of the rib perpendicular to the point of attachment of the rib on the membrane is constant.
  • the height H N of the ribs N is constant over the entire surface of the membrane m.
  • the height H N of the ribs N increases as the distance from the edge increases.
  • the ribs N near the edge of the reflector have a lower height than the ribs N near the middle of the reflector R, the stiffness of the stiffeners being greater in the middle of the reflector R than on the edges.
  • the ribs N are arranged on the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M, the ribs forming between them a grid of square or rectangular pattern.
  • the figure 2 illustrates a system of notches for fixing the ribs N between them.
  • the ribs N are assembled by a system of notches Enc.
  • the ribs N are cut or milled for fixing them to the square thus forming a grid.
  • the interlocking of the ribs in the form of a square or rectangle grid facilitates the assembly process.
  • the ribs can be assembled according to any other suitable assembly techniques.
  • the figure 3 illustrates the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M on which is arranged a rib N, the rib N being surmounted by a hat Chap or called platinum anti-pouring.
  • the cap Chap or platinum anti-pouring is cut in a plate comprising a single material comprising a carbon composite, it is fixed on the membrane by gluing, by a clip system or by any other method to maintain it on top of the rib N
  • the assembly of the membrane M, the rib N and hat Chap constitutes an IPN-type profile or I-shaped to further stiffen the reflector.
  • the figure 4a illustrates a mold MI necessary for the development of the reflector R.
  • the mold MI comprises a support Supp and a surface for developing the membrane M of the reflector R.
  • the mold MI comprises invar (trademark) or CFRP or Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, in English having a low coefficient of expansion thermo-elastic thus limiting the retreint during cooling.
  • the mold surface MI is concave.
  • the figure 4b represents the MI mold on which is disposed a membrane M.
  • the membrane M comprises a carbon monolith, in this case the membrane M is a monolithic CFRP.
  • a method of manufacturing the membrane M comprises depositing a material comprising carbon preimpregnated with an epoxy resin. The whole is polymerized in an autoclave. Alternatively, it is possible to deposit a woven or non-woven material comprising non-impregnated carbon and carry out an impregnation according to an infusion process and then a polymerization in an oven.
  • the membrane M thus formed on the mold MI is concave in shape, the exposed face corresponding to the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M of the reflector R.
  • the ribs are attached to the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M.
  • the membrane M is not demolded, the ribs are attached to the opposite face Fopp of the membrane still disposed on the mold.
  • N-ribs are made from monolithic carbon plates.
  • the ribs N are cut in the plates according to a method of cutting with water jet or by any other cutting techniques of this type of materials.
  • the ribs N are cut so as to allow assembly by the notch system presented above.
  • the ribs are cut according to the geometrical profile of the membrane M. This makes it possible, in particular, to apply this reflector technology to antennas on which the reflectors must have complex reflective profiles, composed of a parabola associated with specific undulatory variations.
  • the figure 4c represents the MI mold on which is disposed the membrane M on which ribs N are reported so as to form a grid.
  • the ribs N are attached to the membrane M by gluing, for example.
  • the MI mold for the development of the membrane M of the reflector R may comprise ribs N on the surface for developing the membrane M.
  • the membrane M formed on such a mold MI comprises N ribs for the stiffening of the reflector R .
  • caps Chap or anti-pouring plates can be fixed on the ribs.
  • a reflector R developed according to the proposed technology achieves the objectives necessary for applications in frequency bands up to the Q / V band, mass less than 14 kg for a reflector diameter of 2 m. Furthermore, the assembly of the ribs N in the form of grid saves a significant number of hours of labor making the proposed product more economically competitive than existing solutions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The reflector (R) has a paraboloidal membrane (M) including an active face allowing electromagnetic radiation to be reflected, and an opposite face (Fopp) having ribs (N) for allowing the stiffness of the reflector to be increased. The ribs are placed on the opposite face such that the ribs form a grid pattern between them, where the dimension of the rib perpendicular to a point where the rib is fastened to the paraboloidal membrane increases with distance from an edge of the reflector. The membrane is made of carbon composite, and the ribs are attached by silicone adhesive. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing the reflector.

Description

L'invention se situe dans le domaine des satellites géostationnaires de télécommunication comprenant différentes antennes passives équipés de réflecteurs de grandes tailles. L'invention est particulièrement destinée aux applications dans les très hautes bandes de fréquences telles que les bandes Ka et Q/V mais répond également aux besoins techniques moindres des bandes de fréquences inférieures telles que les bandes C et Ku.The invention lies in the field of geostationary telecommunication satellites comprising different passive antennas equipped with large reflectors. The invention is particularly intended for applications in very high frequency bands such as Ka and Q / V bands but also meets the lower technical needs of lower frequency bands such as the C and Ku bands.

La bande de fréquence désignée Ka correspond aux fréquences comprises entre 26,5 et 40 GHz soit une longueur d'onde comprise entre 11,3 et 7,5 mm. La bande de fréquence désignée Q/V correspond aux fréquences comprises entre 33 et 75 GHz soit une longueur d'onde comprise entre 9,1 et 3,3 mm.The frequency band designated Ka corresponds to the frequencies between 26.5 and 40 GHz, ie a wavelength of between 11.3 and 7.5 mm. The frequency band designated Q / V corresponds to frequencies between 33 and 75 GHz, ie a wavelength of between 9.1 and 3.3 mm.

Les bandes de fréquences C et Ku sont actuellement très utilisées par les opérateurs. La bande de fréquences Ka est en plein développement alors que les solutions en bandes Q/V sont encore tout juste émergentes. Sur la bande de fréquences Ka, on dispose de plus de fréquence qu'en bandes de fréquences Ku. Ainsi, la bande de fréquence Ka permet de multiplier la capacité offerte et donc de proposer des services à des prix inférieurs à ceux de la bande de fréquences Ku.The C and Ku frequency bands are currently widely used by operators. The Ka frequency band is in full development while the Q / V band solutions are still just emerging. In the Ka frequency band, more frequency is available than in Ku frequency bands. Thus, the frequency band Ka makes it possible to multiply the offered capacity and thus to offer services at prices lower than those of the Ku frequency band.

Par ailleurs, les faisceaux générés en bandes Ka sont beaucoup plus directifs que dans des bandes de fréquences inférieures, l'énergie étant concentrée et le spectre pouvant être réutilisé sur une zone séparée géographiquement de façon intensive.Furthermore, the Ka-band generated beams are much more directive than in lower frequency bands, the energy being concentrated and the spectrum reusable over a geographically separated area intensively.

L'invention concerne des produits de type « antenne passive embarquée » composé d'une source rayonnante sur un réflecteur de diamètre compris entre 1,8 et 2,5 m. L'utilisation de ce type d'antenne pour des applications en bande Ka et Q/V impose l'utilisation de réflecteurs :

  • présentant un profil réfléchissant de très grande précision. Si on définit le défaut de fabrication en terme de RMS, ce type d'application en bande Q/V nécessite d'atteindre un RMS de l'ordre de 60 microns, la valeur RMS étant la valeur moyenne des écarts type entre le profil de la surface élaborée et le profil de la surface théorique souhaitée,
  • affichant une grande stabilité du profil réfléchissant sur une large gamme de température comprise entre -200°C et +165°C. La déformation du profil du réflecteur sous chargement thermique est quantifiée en terme de RMS, la valeur RMS maximale acceptable étant de 60 microns.
The invention relates to products of the "embedded passive antenna" type consisting of a radiating source on a reflector with a diameter of between 1.8 and 2.5 m. The use of this type of antenna for Ka and Q / V applications requires the use of reflectors:
  • having a reflective profile of very high precision. If the manufacturing defect is defined in terms of RMS, this type of Q / V band application requires reaching an RMS of the order of 60 microns, the RMS value being the mean value of the standard deviations between the RMS profile. the elaborated surface and the profile of the desired theoretical surface,
  • displaying a high stability of the reflective profile over a wide temperature range of -200 ° C to + 165 ° C. The deformation of the reflector profile under thermal loading is quantified in terms of RMS, the maximum acceptable RMS value being 60 microns.

L'utilisation de ce type de réflecteur en condition « embarquée » impose également :

  • des contraintes en terme de masse, on définie une masse maximale d'environ 14 kg pour un réflecteur de 2 m de diamètre,
  • d'afficher un premier mode de résonnance suffisamment élevé pour se découpler des modes principaux du satellite. Le besoin spécifié est d'avoir un premier mode engageant plus de 10% de la masse du produit supérieur à 60 Hz,
  • de mise en oeuvre facile, de manière à limiter les coûts de production.
The use of this type of reflector in "embedded" condition also imposes:
  • constraints in terms of mass, a maximum mass of about 14 kg is defined for a reflector 2 m in diameter,
  • to display a first resonance mode sufficiently high to decouple from the main modes of the satellite. The specified need is to have a first mode engaging more than 10% of the mass of the product greater than 60 Hz,
  • easy to implement, so as to limit production costs.

Différentes technologies de réflecteurs existent sur le marché.Different reflector technologies exist on the market.

Une première technologie classique dite technologie « coque épaisse » est largement répandue. Cette technologie repose sur une structure dite « sandwich ». Un réflecteur élaboré selon cette technologie comprend deux membranes et une structure couramment appelée « espaceur » situé entre les deux membranes. Les membranes comprennent du carbone et l'espaceur de type « nid d'abeilles » comprend de l'aluminium ou du CFRP, Carbone Fiber Reinforced Polymer, en langue anglaise. Le carbone est utilisé pour son faible cefficient de dilatation.A first conventional technology called "thick shell" technology is widespread. This technology is based on a structure called "sandwich". A reflector developed according to this technology comprises two membranes and a structure commonly called "spacer" located between the two membranes. The membranes comprise carbon and the spacer "honeycomb" includes aluminum or CFRP, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, in English. Carbon is used for its low coefficient of expansion.

Ce concept ne permet pas d'atteindre l'objectif de stabilité du profil réfléchissant en température spécifié à 60 µm, il n'est donc pas adapté pour une utilisation en bande Q/V.This concept does not achieve the objective of stability of the reflective profile temperature specified at 60 microns, so it is not suitable for use in Q / V band.

Une deuxième technologie dite « Isogrid » est techniquement très performante.A second technology called "Isogrid" is technically very powerful.

Le réflecteur comprend une membrane sur laquelle est fixé un réseau de raidisseur permettant de rigidifier le réflecteur. Le réseau de raidisseur est une grille de renfort formant un motif triangulaire dit « lsogrid » disposée de manière adjacente à la première structure, le réseau de raidisseur étant fixé à la membrane par collage.The reflector comprises a membrane on which is fixed a stiffener network for stiffening the reflector. The stiffener network is a reinforcing grid forming a triangular pattern called "lsogrid" disposed adjacent to the first structure, the stiffener network being fixed to the membrane by gluing.

La température de transition vitreuse Tg de la colle utilisée pour assurer la jonction mécanique entre les raidisseurs et la membrane réfléchissante est par nature non compatible avec une utilisation à une température de +165°C. Cette température de transition vitreuse est effectivement dans le meilleur des cas voisine de +175°C et est donc trop proche de la limite haute du domaine de température utile recherché pour ce type d'application. Par ailleurs, la complexité d'assemblage de la grille de renfort rend cette technologie économiquement peu performante.The glass transition temperature Tg of the adhesive used to ensure the mechanical connection between the stiffeners and the reflecting membrane is inherently incompatible with use at a temperature of + 165 ° C. This glass transition temperature is actually in the best of cases close to + 175 ° C. and is therefore too close to the upper limit of the useful temperature range sought for this type of application. Moreover, the complexity of assembly of the reinforcing grid makes this technology economically inefficient.

Le produit proposé par EADS-CASA est composé d'un assemblage d'éléments de faible épaisseur. La surface active du réflecteur comprend une structure « sandwich » au profil RF souhaité. Un réseau de raidissage composés de panneaux plans est associé à la surface active de la structure « sandwich » pour lui apporter de la raideur.The product offered by EADS-CASA consists of an assembly of thin elements. The active surface of the reflector comprises a "sandwich" structure with the desired RF profile. A stiffening network composed of flat panels is associated with the active surface of the "sandwich" structure to provide stiffness.

Ce produit atteint les objectifs fixés en terme de qualité de surface en revanche sa masse est relativement élevée. De plus, l'assemblage des différents panneaux nécessite un nombre important d'heures de main d'oeuvre ce qui rend ce produit peu compétitif d'un point de vue économique.This product achieves the objectives set in terms of surface quality but its mass is relatively high. In addition, the assembly of the different panels requires a significant number of hours of labor which makes this product economically competitive.

EADS Astrium propose un réflecteur selon une technologie « Ultra Light Reflector » ou URL, ce type de réflecteur est particulièrement adapté pour des applications dans des fréquences allant de la bande C à la bande Ku. Ils sont aussi très performants en terme de masse. Ce produit comprend deux membranes de carbone ajourées ce qui rend le réflecteur de type URL insensible aux chargements vibro acoustiques. Toutefois, un réflecteur selon cette technologie est incompatible avec des applications en bande Ka ou Q/V.EADS Astrium offers a reflector based on "Ultra Light Reflector" technology or URL, this type of reflector is particularly suitable for applications in frequencies ranging from the C-band to the Ku-band. They are also very powerful in terms of mass. This product includes two perforated carbon membranes which makes the URL type reflector insensitive to vibro acoustic loading. However, a reflector according to this technology is incompatible with applications in Ka or Q / V band.

EADS Astrium développe un deuxième produit, qui est une évolution du concept URL. Toutefois des mesures des déformations thermo-élastiques ont d'ores et déjà mis en évidence l'incompatibilité de ce type de réflecteur avec des applications en bande Q/V voire Ka. Par ailleurs, ce réflecteur n'est pas assez rigide, il présente une fréquence de résonance très inférieure au besoin de 60 HzEADS Astrium is developing a second product, which is an evolution of the URL concept. However, measurements of the thermoelastic deformations have already highlighted the incompatibility of this type of reflector with Q / V or even Ka band applications. Moreover, this reflector is not rigid enough, it has a resonance frequency much lower than the need of 60 Hz

Un but de l'invention est d'élaborer un réflecteur d'antenne de télécommunication alternatif aux technologies existantes, compatible avec des applications à hautes fréquences, adapté pour un environnement spatial et dont le processus d'élaboration nécessite peu de temps de main d'oeuvre par rapport aux solutions connues.An object of the invention is to develop a telecommunication antenna reflector alternative to existing technologies, compatible with high frequency applications, suitable for a space environment and whose development process requires little time to hand. in relation to known solutions.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un réflecteur d'antenne compatible avec des applications à hautes fréquences, comprises entre 50 et 75 GHz adapté pour une utilisation dans un environnement spatial qui comprend une membrane en forme de paraboloïde comprenant une face active permettant de réfléchir un rayonnement électromagnétique et une face opposée à la face active. La face opposée comprend des nervures permettant de raidir le réflecteur, les nervures étant disposées sur la face opposée formant entre elles un quadrillage. La dimension de la nervure perpendiculaire au point d'accrochage de la nervure sur la membrane croit à mesure que la distance du bord du réflecteur augmente.According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an antenna reflector compatible with high frequency applications, between 50 and 75 GHz adapted for use in a spatial environment which comprises a paraboloid-shaped membrane comprising an active face to reflect electromagnetic radiation and a face opposite to the active face. The opposite face comprises ribs for stiffening the reflector, the ribs being disposed on the opposite face forming between them a grid. The dimension of the rib perpendicular to the point of attachment of the rib on the membrane increases as the distance from the edge of the reflector increases.

La disposition des nervures est sous forme de quadrillage dont le motif élémentaire est rectangle ou carré. Ce type de motif permet d'atteindre les objectifs de raideur spécifiés tout en offrant une grande facilité d'assemblage ce qui permet de réduire considérablement le temps de main d'oeuvre et ainsi d'optimiser la compétitivité économique du produit. Ce mode de réalisation permet de diminuer la masse du réflecteur.The arrangement of the ribs is in the form of a grid whose elementary pattern is rectangle or square. This type of pattern makes it possible to achieve the specified stiffness objectives while offering a great ease of assembly, which considerably reduces the labor time and thus optimizes the economic competitiveness of the product. This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the reflector.

Préférentiellement, la membrane comprend un unique matériau comprenant un composite de carbone.Preferably, the membrane comprises a single material comprising a carbon composite.

Selon une autre variante de l'invention, les nervures sont surmontées de chapeaux permettant d'augmenter la rigidité du réflecteur, les chapeaux sont communément appelés platines anti-versement. Avantageusement, les chapeaux comprennent un unique matériau comprenant un composite de carbone. L'ajout des chapeaux permet d'éviter le versement latéral des nervures.According to another variant of the invention, the ribs are surmounted by caps to increase the rigidity of the reflector, the caps are commonly called anti-pouring plates. Advantageously, the caps comprise a single material comprising a carbon composite. The addition of hats avoids the lateral discharge of the ribs.

Préférentiellement, la membrane du réflecteur a un diamètre compris entre 1,8 et 2,5 m.Preferably, the reflector membrane has a diameter of between 1.8 and 2.5 m.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un procédé de fabrication d'un réflecteur, tel que décrit précédemment, dans lequel les nervures sont rapportées. Eventuellement, les nervures sont rapportées par collage. Préférentiellement à l'aide d'une colle de type silicone.According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a reflector, as described above, in which the ribs are reported. Optionally, the ribs are reported by gluing. Preferably using a silicone type adhesive.

Un procédé de fabrication comprend :

  • une étape de fabrication d'un moule,
  • une étape d'élaboration de la membrane sur le moule,
  • une étape d'élaboration des nervures,
  • une étape d'assemblage des nervures directement sur la face opposée de la membrane encore disposée sur le moule.
A manufacturing process comprises:
  • a step of manufacturing a mold,
  • a step of producing the membrane on the mold,
  • a step of forming the ribs,
  • a step of assembling the ribs directly on the opposite face of the membrane still disposed on the mold.

Avantageusement, les nervures sont assemblées par un système d'encoche ce qui permet d'avoir des nervures de raidissage continues d'un bord à l'autre du réflecteur.Advantageously, the ribs are assembled by a notch system which makes it possible to have continuous stiffening ribs from one edge to the other of the reflector.

Préférentiellement, le procédé comprend une étape d'élaboration et de fixation de chapeaux sur les nervures. Eventuellement la fixation des chapeaux peut être réalisée par collage, à l'aide d'une colle de type silicone.Preferably, the method comprises a step of making and fixing hats on the ribs. Optionally the fixing of the caps can be achieved by gluing, using a silicone type adhesive.

Tous les éléments constitutifs du réflecteur, membrane, nervures et chapeaux, comprennent un unique matériau comprenant un composite de carbone ce qui assure une stabilité géométrique optimale sur la gamme de température définie précédemment.All the components of the reflector, membrane, ribs and hats comprise a single material comprising a carbon composite which ensures optimal geometric stability over the temperature range defined above.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude de quelques modes de réalisation décrits à titre d'exemples nullement limitatifs, et illustrés par des dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • les figures 1a, 1b et 1c représentent un réflecteur, selon un aspect de l'invention, respectivement en vue de côté, en vue de dessus et en vue de dessous,
  • la figure 2 représente un système d'encoche permettant l'assemblage des nervures selon un aspect de l'invention,
  • La figure 3 représente des chapeaux permettant d'augmenter le raidissage du réflecteur, et
  • les figures 4a, 4b et 4c représentent les principales étapes du procédé de fabrication du réflecteur, selon un aspect de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood by studying a few embodiments described by way of non-limiting examples, and illustrated by appended drawings in which:
  • the Figures 1a, 1b and 1 C represent a reflector, according to one aspect of the invention, respectively in side view, in top view and in view from below,
  • the figure 2 represents a notch system enabling the ribs to be assembled according to one aspect of the invention,
  • The figure 3 represents hats making it possible to increase the stiffening of the reflector, and
  • the Figures 4a, 4b and 4c represent the main steps of the reflector manufacturing process, according to one aspect of the invention.

La figure 1a illustre un réflecteur R d'antenne en vue de côté. Le réflecteur R d'antenne comprend une membrane M constitué d'un composite de carbone.The figure 1a illustrates an antenna reflector R in side view. The antenna reflector R comprises a membrane M consisting of a carbon composite.

La membrane m comprend une face Fact active permettant de réfléchir un rayonnement électromagnétique et une face Fopp opposée, la face active Fact concave et la face Fopp opposée convexe. Alternativement, la membrane M peut comprendre une face Fopp opposée plane.The membrane m comprises an active Fact face for reflecting electromagnetic radiation and an opposite Fopp face, the concave active Fact face and the opposite convex Fopp face. Alternatively, the membrane M may comprise an opposite plane Fopp face.

En l'espèce, la membrane M est en forme de coupole et comprend une face Fact active convexe, permettant de focaliser un rayonnement électromagnétique, et une face Fopp opposée concave.In this case, the membrane M is cupola-shaped and comprises a convex active Fact face, for focusing an electromagnetic radiation, and a concave opposite Fopp face.

La figure 1b illustre une vue de dessus du réflecteur R correspondant à la face active Fact du réflecteur R. On notera que les quadrillages représentés sur les figures 1a et 1b permettent uniquement une meilleure visualisation de la structure en forme de coupole de la membrane M.The figure 1b illustrates a top view of the reflector R corresponding to the active face Fact of the reflector R. It will be noted that the grids represented on the Figures 1a and 1b only allow a better visualization of the dome-shaped structure of the membrane M.

La figure 1c représente une vue de dessous du réflecteur R correspondant à la face opposée Fopp du réflecteur R. En l'espèce, la face opposée Fopp du réflecteur R est de forme convexe.The figure 1c represents a bottom view of the reflector R corresponding to the opposite face Fopp of the reflector R. In this case, the opposite face Fopp of the reflector R is of convex shape.

Sur la face opposée Fopp du réflecteur sont disposées des nervures N formant un quadrillage entre elles, les nervures N permettant un raidissage de la membrane M.On the opposite face Fopp of the reflector are arranged ribs N forming a grid between them, the ribs N for stiffening of the membrane M.

Selon un mode de réalisation, une dimension de la nervure perpendiculaire au point d'accrochage de la nervure sur la membrane est constante. En d'autres termes, la hauteur HN des nervures N est constante sur toute la surface de la membrane m. Ce mode de réalisation permet d'automatiser la fabrication des nervures N et ainsi de diminuer les coûts de fabrication du réflecteur R.According to one embodiment, a dimension of the rib perpendicular to the point of attachment of the rib on the membrane is constant. In other words, the height H N of the ribs N is constant over the entire surface of the membrane m. This embodiment makes it possible to automate the manufacture of the ribs N and thus to reduce the manufacturing costs of the reflector R.

Alternativement, la hauteur HN des nervures N augmente à mesure que la distance par rapport au bord augmente. En d'autres termes, les nervures N proches du bord du réflecteur ont une hauteur inférieure aux nervures N proches du milieu du réflecteur R, les raideurs des raidisseurs étant plus importantes au milieu du réflecteur R que sur les bords. Ce mode de réalisation permet de diminuer la masse du réflecteur R en diminuant la quantité de matière due aux nervures N.Alternatively, the height H N of the ribs N increases as the distance from the edge increases. In other words, the ribs N near the edge of the reflector have a lower height than the ribs N near the middle of the reflector R, the stiffness of the stiffeners being greater in the middle of the reflector R than on the edges. This embodiment makes it possible to reduce the mass of the reflector R by decreasing the amount of material due to the ribs N.

Les nervures N sont disposées sur la face opposée Fopp de la membrane M, les nervures formant entre elles un quadrillage de motif carré ou rectangulaire. La figure 2 illustre un système d'encoches permettant de fixer les nervures N entre elles.The ribs N are arranged on the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M, the ribs forming between them a grid of square or rectangular pattern. The figure 2 illustrates a system of notches for fixing the ribs N between them.

Selon un aspect de l'invention, les nervures N sont assemblées par un système d'encoches Enc. Les nervures N sont taillées ou fraisées pour une fixation entre elles à l'équerre formant ainsi un quadrillage.According to one aspect of the invention, the ribs N are assembled by a system of notches Enc. The ribs N are cut or milled for fixing them to the square thus forming a grid.

L'emboîtement des nervures sous forme de quadrillage carré ou rectangle permet de faciliter le processus d'assemblage.The interlocking of the ribs in the form of a square or rectangle grid facilitates the assembly process.

Les nervures peuvent être assemblées selon toutes autres techniques d'assemblage adaptées.The ribs can be assembled according to any other suitable assembly techniques.

La figure 3 illustre la face Fopp opposée de la membrane M sur laquelle est disposée une nervure N, la nervure N étant surmontée d'un chapeau Chap ou encore appelé platine anti-versement.The figure 3 illustrates the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M on which is arranged a rib N, the rib N being surmounted by a hat Chap or called platinum anti-pouring.

Le chapeau Chap ou platine anti-versement est découpé dans une plaque comprenant un seul matériau comprenant un composite de carbone, il est fixé sur la membrane par collage, par un système de clip ou par toutes autres méthodes permettant de le maintenir sur le dessus de la nervure N.The cap Chap or platinum anti-pouring is cut in a plate comprising a single material comprising a carbon composite, it is fixed on the membrane by gluing, by a clip system or by any other method to maintain it on top of the rib N

L'assemblage de la membrane M, de la nervure N et du chapeau Chap constitue un profil de type IPN ou en forme de I permettant de rigidifier davantage le réflecteur.The assembly of the membrane M, the rib N and hat Chap constitutes an IPN-type profile or I-shaped to further stiffen the reflector.

Les figures 4a, 4b et 4c représentent les différentes étapes du procédé de fabrication du réflecteur.The Figures 4a, 4b and 4c represent the different steps of the reflector manufacturing process.

La figure 4a illustre un moule MI nécessaire à l'élaboration du réflecteur R. Le moule MI comprend un support Supp et une surface permettant de d'élaborer la membrane M du réflecteur R. Le moule MI comprend de l'invar (marque déposée) ou de CFRP ou Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, en langue anglaise ayant un faible coefficient de dilatation thermo-élastique permettant ainsi de limiter le retreint lors du refroidissement. En l'espèce, la surface du moule MI est de forme concave. La figure 4b représente le moule MI sur lequel est disposée une membrane M. La membrane M comprend un monolithe de carbone, en l'espèce la membrane M est un CFRP monolithique.The figure 4a illustrates a mold MI necessary for the development of the reflector R. The mold MI comprises a support Supp and a surface for developing the membrane M of the reflector R. The mold MI comprises invar (trademark) or CFRP or Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, in English having a low coefficient of expansion thermo-elastic thus limiting the retreint during cooling. In this case, the mold surface MI is concave. The figure 4b represents the MI mold on which is disposed a membrane M. The membrane M comprises a carbon monolith, in this case the membrane M is a monolithic CFRP.

Un procédé de fabrication de la membrane M consiste à déposer un matériau comprenant du carbone pré imprégné d'une résine de type époxyde. L'ensemble est polymérisé en autoclave. Alternativement, il est possible de déposer un matériau tissé ou non comprenant du carbone non imprégné et réaliser une imprégnation selon un procédé d'infusion puis une polymérisation en étuve.A method of manufacturing the membrane M comprises depositing a material comprising carbon preimpregnated with an epoxy resin. The whole is polymerized in an autoclave. Alternatively, it is possible to deposit a woven or non-woven material comprising non-impregnated carbon and carry out an impregnation according to an infusion process and then a polymerization in an oven.

En l'espèce, la membrane M ainsi formée sur le moule MI est de forme concave, la face exposée correspondant à la face Fopp opposée de la membrane M du réflecteur R.In this case, the membrane M thus formed on the mold MI is concave in shape, the exposed face corresponding to the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M of the reflector R.

Selon une variante de l'invention, les nervures sont rapportées sur la face Fopp opposée de la membrane M.According to one variant of the invention, the ribs are attached to the opposite face Fopp of the membrane M.

Dans le procédé de fabrication du réflecteur R, la membrane M n'est pas démoulée, les nervures sont rapportées sur la face opposée Fopp de la membrane encore disposée sur le moule. Les nervures N sont élaborées à partir de plaques de carbone monolithique. Les nervures N sont découpées dans les plaques suivant un procédé de découpe au jet d'eau ou par toutes autres techniques de découpe de ce type de matériaux. De plus les nervures N sont taillées de manière à permettre un assemblage par le système d'encoche présenté ci-dessus.In the manufacturing process of the reflector R, the membrane M is not demolded, the ribs are attached to the opposite face Fopp of the membrane still disposed on the mold. N-ribs are made from monolithic carbon plates. The ribs N are cut in the plates according to a method of cutting with water jet or by any other cutting techniques of this type of materials. In addition the ribs N are cut so as to allow assembly by the notch system presented above.

Selon un variante de l'invention, les nervures sont découpées en suivant le profil géométrique de la membrane M. Ceci permet notamment l'application de cette technologie de réflecteur à des antennes sur lesquelles les réflecteurs doivent avoir des profils réfléchissants complexes, composé d'une parabole associée à des variations ondulatoires spécifiques.According to one variant of the invention, the ribs are cut according to the geometrical profile of the membrane M. This makes it possible, in particular, to apply this reflector technology to antennas on which the reflectors must have complex reflective profiles, composed of a parabola associated with specific undulatory variations.

La figure 4c représente le moule MI sur lequel est disposée la membrane M sur laquelle des nervures N sont rapportées de manière à former un quadrillage. Les nervures N sont fixées à la membrane M par collage par exemple.The figure 4c represents the MI mold on which is disposed the membrane M on which ribs N are reported so as to form a grid. The ribs N are attached to the membrane M by gluing, for example.

Alternativement, le moule MI permettant l'élaboration de la membrane M du réflecteur R peut comprendre des nervures N sur la surface destinée à élaborer la membrane M. La membrane M formée sur un tel moule MI comprend des nervures N permettant le raidissage du réflecteur R.Alternatively, the MI mold for the development of the membrane M of the reflector R may comprise ribs N on the surface for developing the membrane M. The membrane M formed on such a mold MI comprises N ribs for the stiffening of the reflector R .

Dans une autre étape d'élaboration, des chapeaux Chap ou platines anti-versement peuvent être fixés sur les nervures.In another development step, caps Chap or anti-pouring plates can be fixed on the ribs.

Un réflecteur R élaboré selon la technologie proposée permet d'atteindre les objectifs nécessaires pour des applications dans des bandes de fréquences pouvant aller jusqu'à la bande Q/V, de masse inférieure à 14 kg pour un diamètre de réflecteur de 2 m. Par ailleurs, l'assemblage des nervures N sous forme de quadrillage permet d'économiser un nombre important d'heures de main d'oeuvre rendant le produit proposé plus compétitif économiquement que les solutions existant actuellement.A reflector R developed according to the proposed technology achieves the objectives necessary for applications in frequency bands up to the Q / V band, mass less than 14 kg for a reflector diameter of 2 m. Furthermore, the assembly of the ribs N in the form of grid saves a significant number of hours of labor making the proposed product more economically competitive than existing solutions.

Claims (11)

Réflecteur (R) d'antenne compatible avec des applications à hautes fréquences, comprises entre 50 et 75 GHz et adapté pour une utilisation dans un environnement spatial géostationnaire comprenant une membrane (M) en forme paraboloïdale comprenant une face active (Fact) permettant de réfléchir un rayonnement électromagnétique et une face opposée (Fopp) à la face active (Fact) caractérisé en ce que la face opposée (Fopp) comprend des nervures (N) permettant de raidir le réflecteur (R), et en ce que les nervures (N) sont disposées sur la face opposée (Fopp) en formant entre elles un quadrillage, la dimension (hN) de la nervure (N) perpendiculaire au point d'accrochage de la nervure (N) sur la membrane (M) étant croissante à mesure que la distance du bord du réflecteur (R) augmente.Antenna reflector (R) compatible with high frequency applications between 50 and 75 GHz and adapted for use in a geostationary space environment comprising a paraboloidal membrane (M) having an active face (Fact) for reflection an electromagnetic radiation and an opposite face (Fopp) to the active face (Fact) characterized in that the opposite face (Fopp) comprises ribs (N) for stiffening the reflector (R), and in that the ribs (N) ) are arranged on the opposite face (Fopp) forming between them a grid, the dimension (h N ) of the rib (N) perpendicular to the point of attachment of the rib (N) on the membrane (M) being increased to as the distance from the edge of the reflector (R) increases. Réflecteur (R) selon la revendication 1 dans lequel la membrane (M) comprend un unique matériau comprenant un composite de carbone.The reflector (R) of claim 1 wherein the membrane (M) comprises a single material comprising a carbon composite. Réflecteur (R) selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel les nervures (N) sont surmontées de chapeaux (Chap) permettant d'augmenter la raideur du réflecteur (R).Reflector (R) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the ribs (N) are surmounted by caps (Chap) to increase the stiffness of the reflector (R). Réflecteur (R) selon la revendication 3 dans lequel un chapeau (Chap) comprend un composite de carbone.Reflector (R) according to claim 3 wherein a cap (Chap) comprises a carbon composite. Réflecteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la membrane (M) du réflecteur (R) a un diamètre compris entre 1,8 et 2,5 m.Reflector according to one of the preceding claims wherein the membrane (M) of the reflector (R) has a diameter of between 1.8 and 2.5 m. Procédé de fabrication d'un réflecteur (R) selon l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les nervures (N) sont rapportées.A method of manufacturing a reflector (R) according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the ribs (N) are reported. Procédé selon la revendication 6 dans lequel les nervures (N) sont rapportées par collage.The method of claim 6 wherein the ribs (N) are reported by gluing. Procédé selon la revendication 7 dans lequel la colle utilisée pour le collage est de type silicone.Process according to Claim 7, in which the glue used for bonding is of the silicone type. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : - une étape de fabrication d'un moule (MI), - une étape d'élaboration de la membrane (M) sur le moule (MI), - une étape d'élaboration des nervures (N), - une étape d'assemblage des nervures (N) directement sur la face opposée (Fopp) de la membrane (M) encore disposée sur le moule. Process according to one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that it comprises: a step of manufacturing a mold (MI), a step of elaboration of the membrane (M) on the mold (MI), a step of forming the ribs (N), - A step of assembling the ribs (N) directly on the opposite face (Fopp) of the membrane (M) still disposed on the mold. Procédé selon la revendication 9 dans lequel les nervures sont assemblées par un système d'encoche (Enc).The method of claim 9 wherein the ribs are joined by a notch system (Enc). Procédé selon la revendication 10 comprenant en outre une étape de fixation des chapeaux (Chap).The method of claim 10 further comprising a step of securing the caps (Chap).
EP13176732.9A 2012-07-27 2013-07-16 Antenna reflector, of diameter greater than 1 m, for high-frequency applications in a space environment Withdrawn EP2690709A1 (en)

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