EP2684834B1 - Lifting table control - Google Patents
Lifting table control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2684834B1 EP2684834B1 EP13164259.7A EP13164259A EP2684834B1 EP 2684834 B1 EP2684834 B1 EP 2684834B1 EP 13164259 A EP13164259 A EP 13164259A EP 2684834 B1 EP2684834 B1 EP 2684834B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- scissor
- drive
- unit
- safety
- scissor lift
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
- B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
- B66F7/065—Scissor linkages, i.e. X-configuration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F17/00—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force
Definitions
- the invention relates to a scissor lift with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a scissor lift is for example from the document EP 1 454 873 B1 known and comprises a base unit, which may be provided for example with rollers or the like, and a support unit, which can be considered in the broadest sense as a height-adjustable table top and which is adjustable by means of a scissors unit, which is provided with a drive unit, plane-parallel to the base unit.
- the scissors unit comprises based on a vertical table longitudinal center plane on both sides in each case a pair of scissor members with two scissor members, which are interconnected via a hinge and one of which is mounted at one end to a fixedly arranged on the base unit, the first pivot bearing and the other end movable on the Carrying unit is guided.
- the other scissor member is mounted at one end to a stationary arranged on the support unit, the second pivot bearing and guided at its other end movable on the base unit.
- the drive unit has a complex lever construction on which a traction means in the form of a rope, a chain or a belt engages.
- Such a scissor lift is for example also from the document DE 10 2010 052 615 A1 and comprises a base unit, a catch cylinder, which as Safety device can be understood and a support unit, which is designed as a table forming upper frame and is height-adjustable by a scissor unit, wherein the scissors unit is adjustable by a drive.
- the scissors unit comprises based on a vertical table longitudinal center plane on both sides in each case a pair of scissor members with two scissor members, which are interconnected via a hinge and one of which is mounted at one end to a fixedly arranged on the base unit, the first pivot bearing and the other end movable on the Carrying unit is guided.
- the other scissor member is mounted at one end to a stationary arranged on the support unit, the second pivot bearing and guided at its other end movable on the base unit.
- a traction means is arranged on one side on the scissor members and on the other side on the drive, so that rolling up or unrolling of the traction means results in vertical movement of the carrier unit.
- the hitherto known scissor lift tables comprise, as a safety device, a catching cylinder which, in the event of a malfunction, is intended to prevent the carrying unit from sagging, in that the cylinder holds the carrying unit in a current position, either by a direct operative connection or an indirect operative connection via the scissor members.
- This design has several significant disadvantages.
- catch cylinders Since the catch cylinder at any time and thus in any position of the support unit must be ready for use, they follow the movement of the support unit with each movement. It is common to all catch cylinders that they require various lubrication and hydraulic materials in the sense of proper operation. Due to the constant tracking of motion and thus a high frequency of operation, catch cylinders over their lifetime delay lubricants and hydraulic substances, so that they are very maintenance-intensive and costly.
- the invention has for its object to provide a scissor lift of the aforementioned type with a high level of reliability.
- a scissor lifting table is proposed, with a base unit and a carrying unit which can be adjusted relative to the base unit by means of a scissor unit which is provided with a drive unit.
- the scissors unit comprises at least one pair of scissor members with two scissor members, which are connected to one another via a hinge and one of which is mounted with one end to a fixedly arranged on the base unit, the first pivot bearing and is guided at the other end movable on the support unit.
- the other scissor member is mounted at one end to a stationary arranged on the support unit, the second pivot bearing and guided at its other end movable on the base unit.
- a safety device of the scissor lifting table comprises a monitoring element which detects characteristic values of the motor and a safety element which processes safety-relevant signals.
- the safety device additionally comprises a drive control, and a drive brake, the drive control acting on the drive brake in the event of a fault.
- the drive-assigned monitoring element registers an interference signal and forwards it to the security element.
- the interference signal is transmitted by means of a wired signal connection. After the arrival of the interference signal, it is processed by the security element according to suitable processing schemes. Once the security element Based on the processed interference signal detects a malfunction, which makes a safety intervention necessary, the security element sends a stop signal to the drive brake. As soon as the stop signal, which is transmitted by means of a preferably wired signal connection, reaches the drive brake, it acts on the drive unit.
- the drive unit is in mutual operative connection with the support unit, so that a sagging support unit acts directly on the drive unit.
- the drive brake therefore acts on the drive unit such that it counteracts the sagging support unit. This ensures that the support unit remains in a current position and can not sag further.
- the drive brake and the drive unit are dimensioned such that they can slow down and hold the carrying unit together with the load. Through the interaction of these components, it is possible to stop the sagging of the support unit in the event of a malfunction, to hold the support unit safely and thus to produce a desired reliability.
- the drive control is designed as a fieldbus control.
- a fieldbus control establishes a signal connection between scissor-type table actuators, such as the drive brake, and scissor-lift table sensors, such as a motor encoder, and is usually associated with low installation effort, resulting in low material and labor input. Thus, a cost-effective producibility is achieved.
- a fieldbus control also has the option of self-diagnostics. This is particularly advantageous against the background of reliability, since lifting tables usually have to meet various safety standards. Such control is also durable and reliable. Reliability contributes to short signal connection paths, which are a characteristic of fieldbus control.
- the fieldbus control is also suitable in this regard in a special way, since it can be adapted by skilled personnel with little effort according to the new configuration to ensure operational safety.
- it is also any other controller and its adaptation conceivable for the system, such as, for example, real-time Ethernet or other controllers from automation technology or related fields.
- the drive control interacts with a PLC control (programmable logic controller) and the security element.
- a PLC is an electronic system having a programmable memory on which control instructions and processing schemes for implementing desired functions are stored, on the basis of which signals can be processed and the scissor lift can be controlled.
- the signaling connection of these components leads to a comprehensive processing of all safety-relevant signals, so that all signals are processed centrally.
- the drive control acts on the drive brake in the event of a fault by means of a straightening element.
- the straightening element generates desired values of an output voltage and thereby supplies the drive motor with electrical energy.
- An advantage of such use of the straightening element is the safe control of the drive brake.
- the drive unit comes to a halt very quickly and safely. It is conceivable to use a restoring straightening element, preferably in combination with a corresponding energy store. The occurring braking energy can be saved and be used if necessary. It can thus realize a four-quadrant operation, which is energy-saving and low operating costs.
- the straightening element is a frequency converter.
- the frequency converter is able to drive a drive motor of the drive unit.
- To increase the reliability of the frequency converter according to the invention can receive a stop signal of the security element and act on the drive brake so that it brings the drive for immediate and secure hold.
- the frequency converter cooperates with a lifting element.
- the lifting element has a sensor function and uses a cable absolute value transmitter and / or a absolute value encoder to measure the speed and distance when the carrying unit is moving and the position when the carrying unit is at a standstill.
- the monitoring element is a motor transmitter.
- the motor encoder can monitor the speed and the direction of rotation of the drive motor and thus contributes to operational safety.
- Via a signal connection which is preferably designed as a wired signal connection, the motor encoder constantly sends the speed and the direction of rotation to the security element.
- the security element balances the signals with a desired operating state and can thus detect malfunctions. For example, there is no rotational speed of the drive motor in a holding position of the carrying unit. This value can thus represent a desired operating state. If the carrying unit sags, the drive motor rotates accordingly due to the operative connection, so that a speed not equal to zero is present.
- security-relevant queries of operating states are performed on the security element.
- This feature allows the security element to receive and process signals about malfunctions accordingly.
- Safety-related queries include determining the operating state of the fuses for a belt break, as well as an emergency end up position and an emergency end down position. It is conceivable to use a catch cylinder, so that the operating state of a backup of the catch cylinder can be queried security relevant.
- the sensors, fuses and switches to the security element are signal-technically connected, preferably via a wired signal connection.
- the scissor unit is provided with two drive-connected drive units, to each of which a motor transmitter is assigned functionally.
- the drive units serve to actuate the existing of the two pairs of scissor shears scissor mechanism of a scissor lift and each comprise a drive motor.
- the operative connection between the two drive units is preferably formed by a shaft or winding shaft, which engages with the two drive motors.
- the motor units associated with the drive units which are preferably designed as built-in encoders, monitor the speed and the direction of rotation of the drive motors and thus act as a sensor.
- the motor encoders are linked with the safety device or the safety element by signal technology.
- the safety device comprises a catching cylinder.
- a catch cylinder as an additional security element, the safety device can be redundant.
- the assignment of a further, independently functioning security element to the described arrangement of inventive cooperating, specific components leads to an even further increased security and an extended configuration possibility of scissor lift tables according to the invention for users or customers. So it is conceivable, for example, that both mentioned security elements are active and at the same time ensure the reliability. However, it is also possible to activate only one of the two security elements during operation and to activate the second security element only in the event of a malfunction.
- One conceivable possibility is an active arrangement of specific components cooperating according to the invention, which monitor the operation.
- the arrangement behaves in the manner already described, so that it holds the support unit in a current position.
- the catch cylinder is activated, which also fixes the support unit in the current position.
- the drive brake can be partially or completely released.
- the catch cylinder takes over a part of the load weight, so that the drive brake can be relieved and spared.
- a scissor lift 10 which serves for example for raising and lowering of high loads, for example in the field of a production line of an automobile manufacturer and arranged on a roller assembly, not shown, or can be mounted stationary.
- the scissor lift table 10 comprises a base unit 12 and a table-plate-like support unit arranged substantially plane-parallel to the base unit 12 14.
- the base unit 12 serves as a carrier for a scissor unit 16 and a drive unit 18 of the scissor unit 16.
- the scissors unit 16 comprises, relative to a vertical scissor table longitudinal center plane, a pair of scissor members 20A and 20B respectively formed from a first scissor member 22A and 22B and a second scissor member 24A and 24B crossing the respective first scissor member.
- the scissor members 22A and 24A and the scissor members 22B and 24B are connected to each other via transverse struts 26, 28 and 30 and 32, respectively.
- the first scissor members 22 A and 22 B are each pivotally mounted at one end to a pivot bearing 34 which is formed on the base unit 12. With the end facing away from the pivot bearing 34, the first scissor members 22A and 22B are each movably guided via a roller 36 in a guide rail 38A or 38B of the carrying unit 14.
- the second scissor members 24A and 24B are each pivotally mounted at one end to a pivot bearing 39, which is arranged on the support unit 14 above the pivot bearing 34 of the base unit 12. With the end facing away from the pivot bearing 38, the second scissor members 24A and 24B are each guided via a roller 40 in a guide rail 42A or 42B formed on the base unit 12.
- the scissor members 22A and 24A and the scissor members 22B and 24B are pivotally connected to each other via a hinge 44, respectively.
- the scissor lifting table 10 comprises a drive unit 18 which comprises a drive motor 46 which rotatably actuates a winding shaft 48 serving as a winding device.
- a drive motor 46 which rotatably actuates a winding shaft 48 serving as a winding device.
- On the winding shaft 48 four parallel aligned drive belt or bands 50 are attached, which depending on the direction of rotation of the winding shaft 48 of this unwindable or can be wound on this.
- the drive belt 50 are guided from the winding shaft 48 via a roller-like deflection roller 52 to a toggle lever assembly 54.
- the toggle lever assembly 54 has, relative to the vertical scissor table longitudinal center plane on both sides in each case a first lever member 56 which is connected via an axis 58 with the associated scissor member 22A and 22B and at its end facing away from the axis 58 via a joint formed by a hinge axis 60 with a second lever member 61 is connected, which is pivotally mounted on the base unit 12 via a formed on a bearing block 62 joint 64.
- the second lever element 61 is formed from two lateral lever shells 66 which are each pivotally mounted via the joint 64 on the associated bearing block 62 and are connected to one another via a baffle 68 forming a guide surface.
- the drive belt 50 each representing a tension element, put on the guide plate 68 at.
- the drive belts 50 starting from the deflection roller 52 via the guide plate 68 and a round bar 70, which is formed on the second lever element 61 at the end remote from the hinge axis 60, are guided to a suspension device 72, which is suspended from the hinge axis 60.
- the drive motor 46 is actuated in such a way that the winding shaft 48 in accordance with Fig. 2 is rotated clockwise.
- the drive belt 50 are wound on the winding shaft 48, so that a tensile force is exerted on the second lever member 61 of the toggle lever assembly 54 and this exerts a deployment movement about the hinge 64.
- the winding shaft 48 is rotated counterclockwise, so that the drive belt 50 are unwound from the winding shaft 48.
- the second lever member 61 is pivoted, that is in the direction of Base unit 12 pivoted so that the support unit 14 is lowered due to gravity.
- FIG. 3 a block diagram is shown, based on which an overview of relevant components of a control of the scissor lift 10 and corresponding connections is shown.
- the components are represented as object pictograms, grouped predominantly according to their functionalities, and their connections depicted by means of lines.
- the lines show no concrete connection, such as a cable, but an operative connection.
- a main switch 90 of the scissor lift 10 is connected to a local electrical power supply 91 of 3 x 400V.
- the power supply 91 passes through the main switch 90, which allows or inhibits an electric current flow, and terminates at a directional element 86 and a frequency converter, respectively.
- the frequency converter 86 converts the incoming electrical current to meet the requirements of two drive motors 46.
- the drive motors 46 are each connected to the frequency converter 86 via a power connection.
- the drive motors 46 are connected to one another via the shaft or winding shaft 48 arranged between them, which is illustrated as a thick dashed line.
- the winding shaft 48 establishes an operative connection between the drive motors 46.
- a monitoring element 76 and a motor encoder is respectively arranged, which monitors the rotational speed and the direction of rotation of the associated drive motor 46.
- Both motor encoders 76 are connected to a security element 78 via a signal connection.
- This security relevant connection is in FIG. 3 represented by a thin dashed line.
- the security element 78 comprises at least one fieldbus input card in order to make fieldbus subscribers signalable to the security element 78. Thus, it serves to bring together safety-related signals from connected sensors, fuses and switches. Another safety-related connection exists between the frequency converter 86 and the security element 78. Further components of the scissor lift 10 are connected to the security element 78 by means of the security-relevant connection.
- the fuses 95 to 98 of the four drive belt 50 are also connected by safety-related connection to the security element 78.
- a manually operable key switch 100 and an emergency stop 102 is connected to the security element 78.
- the security element 78 is connected to a PLC control 84, which can optionally be operated by IR remote control.
- Hubabfrage To the PLC controller 84 and a lifting element 88 is connected to Hubabfrage, which measures the speed and distance at stroke of the support unit 14 and the position at standstill of the support unit 14 based on a Seilabsolutwertgebers and a hostednabsolutwertgebers.
- the lifting element 88 is connected to the frequency converter 86.
- the measured values are displayed on a control panel 104, which is connected to both the lifting element 88 and the PLC control 84.
- the control panel 104 also displays disturbance texts, allows manual operation of the scissor lift 10 and visualizes this manual operation.
- Sensors constantly measure an operating state and immediately send these measured values as sensor signal to the safety element 78.
- These sensors are the two motor encoders 76 which monitor the rotational speed and the direction of rotation of the drive motor 46.
- the security element 78 compares the currently measured actual value with a desired nominal value. For example, in a holding position of the carrying unit 14, the rotational speed of the drive motors 46 0 ⁇ U min , This speed value forms a DESIRED value for the security element 78 and serves as a reference. Sacks the carrying unit 14, determined the security element 78 a corresponding deviation of the actual value of the target value and thus detects a malfunction.
- Fuses recognize independently when a previously defined limit value has been exceeded due to the change of the operating state. If this is exceeded, sends the fuse concerned a corresponding security signal to the security element 78. Fuses are the emergency-end-top position 92 and the emergency-end-down position 94, which the power-operated lifting movement of the support unit 14 up and limit below. At the four drive belt 50 each have a sensor 95 to 98 arranged to monitor a possible belt breakage. The affected fuse sends an appropriate signal to the security element 78, which thereby detects a malfunction.
- Switches are manually operated and give a user the opportunity to display a malfunction.
- the key switch 100 can be activated by inserting and turning a suitable key.
- the emergency stop 102 can be activated by pressing a button. The button is safety-relevant and therefore visually striking.
- the switches 100 and 102 send when actuated a corresponding switch signal to the security element 78, which thereby detects a malfunction.
- the security element 78 If the security element 78 has detected a malfunction, it immediately sends a stop signal to the frequency converter 86.
- the sending of the stop signal is preferably independent of whether it was due to a sensor signal, a backup signal or a switch signal.
- the frequency converter 86 receives the stop signal of the security element 78 and acts immediately on the drive brake 82 so that the drive motors 46 come to immediate and secure hold. The carrying unit 14 is thus fixed.
- a release of this fixation is preferably possible by inputting a corresponding command or security feature, such as a numerical code, on the control panel 104.
- the release by means of a corresponding key on the key switch 100 is conceivable.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Scherenhubtisch mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a scissor lift with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
Ein derartiger Scherenhubtisch ist beispielsweise aus der Druckschrift
Ein derartiger Scherenhubtisch ist beispielsweise auch aus der Druckschrift
Die bisher bekannten Scherenhubtische umfassen als Sicherheitseinrichtung einen Fangzylinder, welcher im Fall einer Betriebsstörung das Absacken der Trageinheit verhindern soll, und zwar dadurch, dass der Zylinder die Trageinheit entweder durch eine direkte Wirkverbindung oder eine indirekte Wirkverbindung über die Scherenglieder in einer gegenwärtigen Stellung hält. Diese Konstruktion hat mehrere entscheidende Nachteile.The hitherto known scissor lift tables comprise, as a safety device, a catching cylinder which, in the event of a malfunction, is intended to prevent the carrying unit from sagging, in that the cylinder holds the carrying unit in a current position, either by a direct operative connection or an indirect operative connection via the scissor members. This design has several significant disadvantages.
Da die Fangzylinder jederzeit und somit in jeder Stellung der Trageinheit einsatzbereit sein müssen, folgen sie der Bewegung der Trageinheit bei jedem Bewegungsvorgang nach. Dabei ist allen Fangzylindern gemein, dass sie im Sinne eines einwandfreien Betriebs diverse Schmier- und Hydraulikstoffe benötigen. Aufgrund der immerwährenden Bewegungsnachfolgung und somit einer hohen Betätigungsfrequenz verschleppen Fangzylinder über ihre Lebensdauer Schmier- und Hydraulikstoffe, so dass sie sehr wartungsintensiv und kostspielig sind.Since the catch cylinder at any time and thus in any position of the support unit must be ready for use, they follow the movement of the support unit with each movement. It is common to all catch cylinders that they require various lubrication and hydraulic materials in the sense of proper operation. Due to the constant tracking of motion and thus a high frequency of operation, catch cylinders over their lifetime delay lubricants and hydraulic substances, so that they are very maintenance-intensive and costly.
Im Fall einer Betriebsstörung stoppen Fangzylinder konstruktionsbedingt das Absacken der Trageinheit nicht sofort. Erst nachdem innerhalb des Fangzylinders entsprechende Gegenkräfte wirken, kann dieser die Trageinheit und das Lastgewicht halten. Der Bremsweg des Fangzylinders kann dabei je nach Scherenhubtisch und Lastgewicht mitunter 100 cm betragen. Ein derart langer Bremsweg bei einer Sicherheitsbremsung ist jedoch unerwünscht, da sensible Lasten beschädigt werden könnten. Es ist auch denkbar, dass es trotz eines Fangzylinders zu Personenschäden kommt, so dass bisher bekannte Scherenhubtische keine adäquate Betriebsicherheit bieten und in einem arbeitswissenschaftlichen Sinne eine Gefahrenquelle darstellen.In the case of a malfunction catch cylinder stop design by design, the sagging of the support unit not immediately. Only after corresponding counter-forces act within the catch cylinder, this can hold the carrying unit and the load weight. The braking distance of the catch cylinder can vary depending on the scissor lift and load weight sometimes 100 cm. However, such a long braking distance during a safety braking is undesirable because sensitive loads could be damaged. It is also conceivable that there is personal injury despite a catch cylinder, so that previously known scissor lift tables do not provide adequate operational safety and represent a source of danger in a working scientific sense.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Scherenhubtisch der einleitend genannten Gattung mit einer hohen Betriebssicherheit zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide a scissor lift of the aforementioned type with a high level of reliability.
Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch den Scherenhubtisch mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the scissor lift with the features of claim 1.
Erfindungsgemäß wird mithin ein Scherenhubtisch vorgeschlagen, mit einer Basiseinheit und einer Trageinheit, die mittels einer Schereneinheit, die mit einer Antriebseinheit versehen ist, gegenüber der Basiseinheit verstellbar ist. Die Schereneinheit umfasst mindestens ein Scherengliederpaar mit zwei Scherengliedern, die über ein Gelenk miteinander verbunden sind und von denen eines mit einem Ende an einem ortsfest an der Basiseinheit angeordneten, ersten Drehlager gelagert ist und mit dem anderen Ende verfahrbar an der Trageinheit geführt ist. Das andere Scherenglied ist mit einem Ende an einem ortsfest an der Trageinheit angeordneten, zweiten Drehlager gelagert und mit seinem anderen Ende verfahrbar an der Basiseinheit geführt. Eine Sicherheitseinrichtung des Scherenhubtischs umfasst ein Überwachungselement, welches Kennwerte des Motors erfasst und ein Sicherheitselement, welches sicherheitsrelevante Signale verarbeitet. Die Sicherheitseinrichtung umfasst zusätzlich eine Antriebssteuerung, und eine Antriebsbremse, wobei die Antriebssteuerung im Störfall auf die Antriebsbremse einwirkt.According to the invention, therefore, a scissor lifting table is proposed, with a base unit and a carrying unit which can be adjusted relative to the base unit by means of a scissor unit which is provided with a drive unit. The scissors unit comprises at least one pair of scissor members with two scissor members, which are connected to one another via a hinge and one of which is mounted with one end to a fixedly arranged on the base unit, the first pivot bearing and is guided at the other end movable on the support unit. The other scissor member is mounted at one end to a stationary arranged on the support unit, the second pivot bearing and guided at its other end movable on the base unit. A safety device of the scissor lifting table comprises a monitoring element which detects characteristic values of the motor and a safety element which processes safety-relevant signals. The safety device additionally comprises a drive control, and a drive brake, the drive control acting on the drive brake in the event of a fault.
Die geforderte Betriebssicherheit wird gewährleistet durch das erfindungsgemäße Zusammenwirken spezifischer Komponenten. Im Fall einer abrupten Störung des einwandfreien Betriebes bzw. im Fall des Absackens der Trageinheit registriert das antriebszugeordnete Überwachungselement ein Störsignal und leitet es an das Sicherheitselement weiter. Das Störsignal wird dabei mittels einer verdrahteten Signalverbindung übertragen. Nach dem Eintreffen des Störsignals wird es vom Sicherheitselement entsprechend geeigneter Verarbeitungsschemata verarbeitet. Sobald das Sicherheitselement anhand des verarbeiteten Störsignals eine Betriebsstörung erkennt, welche ein sicherheitstechnisches Eingreifen notwendig macht, sendet das Sicherheitselement ein Stoppsignal an die Antriebsbremse. Sobald das Stoppsignal, welches mittels einer vorzugsweise drahtgebundenen Signalverbindung übertragen wird, die Antriebsbremse erreicht, wirkt diese auf die Antriebseinheit ein. Die Antriebseinheit steht in einer wechselseitigen Wirkverbindung mit der Trageinheit, so dass eine absackende Trageinheit direkt auf die Antriebseinheit einwirkt. Die Antriebsbremse wirkt daher derart auf die Antriebseinheit ein, dass diese der absackenden Trageinheit entgegenwirkt. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, dass die Trageinheit in einer gegenwärtigen Stellung verbleibt und nicht weiter absacken kann. Die Antriebsbremse und die Antriebseinheit sind derart dimensioniert, dass sie die Trageinheit samt Traglast abbremsen und halten können. Durch das Zusammenwirken dieser Komponenten ist es möglich, im Fall einer Betriebsstörung das Absacken der Trageinheit zu stoppen, die Trageinheit sicher zu halten und somit eine gewünschte Betriebssicherheit herzustellen.The required operational safety is ensured by the interaction of specific components according to the invention. In the case of an abrupt failure of proper operation or in the case of sagging of the support unit, the drive-assigned monitoring element registers an interference signal and forwards it to the security element. The interference signal is transmitted by means of a wired signal connection. After the arrival of the interference signal, it is processed by the security element according to suitable processing schemes. Once the security element Based on the processed interference signal detects a malfunction, which makes a safety intervention necessary, the security element sends a stop signal to the drive brake. As soon as the stop signal, which is transmitted by means of a preferably wired signal connection, reaches the drive brake, it acts on the drive unit. The drive unit is in mutual operative connection with the support unit, so that a sagging support unit acts directly on the drive unit. The drive brake therefore acts on the drive unit such that it counteracts the sagging support unit. This ensures that the support unit remains in a current position and can not sag further. The drive brake and the drive unit are dimensioned such that they can slow down and hold the carrying unit together with the load. Through the interaction of these components, it is possible to stop the sagging of the support unit in the event of a malfunction, to hold the support unit safely and thus to produce a desired reliability.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung ist die Antriebssteuerung als Feldbus-Steuerung ausgeführt. Eine Feldbus-Steuerung stellt eine Signalverbindung zwischen Aktoren des Scherenhubtischs, wie der Antriebsbremse, und Sensoren des Scherenhubtischs, wie einem Motorgeber, her und ist in der Regel mit geringem Installationsaufwand verbunden, so dass dies zu einem niedrigen Material- und Arbeitszeiteinsatz führt. Somit wird eine kostengünstige Produzierbarkeit erzielt. Eine Feldbus-Steuerung weist zudem die Möglichkeit einer Selbstdiagnose auf. Diese ist gerade vor dem Hintergrund der Betriebssicherheit vorteilhaft, da Hubtische in der Regel diverse Sicherheitsnormen erfüllen müssen. Eine derartige Steuerung ist zudem langlebig und zuverlässig. Zur Zuverlässigkeit tragen kurze Signalverbindungswege bei, welche ein Charakteristikum der Feldbus-Steuerung sind. Im Fall einer Änderung von Komponenten oder Erweiterung um zusätzliche Komponenten des Scherenhubtisches bedarf es einer Anpassung der Feldbus-Steuerung an eine neue Konfiguration des Scherenhubtisches. Die Feldbus-Steuerung eignet sich auch in diesem Bezug in besonderer Weise, da sie von Fachpersonal mit wenig Aufwand entsprechend der neuen Konfiguration angepasst werden kann, um die Betriebssicherheit zu gewährleisten. Es ist jedoch auch jede andere Steuerung und deren Anpassung an das System denkbar, wie beispielsweise Echtzeit-Ethernet oder andere Steuerungen aus der Automatisierungstechnik oder verwandten Gebieten.In a preferred embodiment of the scissor lift according to the invention, the drive control is designed as a fieldbus control. A fieldbus control establishes a signal connection between scissor-type table actuators, such as the drive brake, and scissor-lift table sensors, such as a motor encoder, and is usually associated with low installation effort, resulting in low material and labor input. Thus, a cost-effective producibility is achieved. A fieldbus control also has the option of self-diagnostics. This is particularly advantageous against the background of reliability, since lifting tables usually have to meet various safety standards. Such control is also durable and reliable. Reliability contributes to short signal connection paths, which are a characteristic of fieldbus control. In the case of a change of components or extension to additional components of the scissor lift table, it is necessary to adapt the fieldbus control to a new configuration of the scissor lift. The fieldbus control is also suitable in this regard in a special way, since it can be adapted by skilled personnel with little effort according to the new configuration to ensure operational safety. However, it is also any other controller and its adaptation conceivable for the system, such as, for example, real-time Ethernet or other controllers from automation technology or related fields.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung wirkt die Antriebssteuerung mit einer SPS-Steuerung (speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung) und dem Sicherheitselement zusammen. Eine SPS-Steuerung ist ein elektronisches System, welches einen programmierbaren Speicher aufweist, auf welchem Steuerungsanweisungen und Verarbeitungsschemata zur Implementierung von gewünschten Funktionen gespeichert werden, auf Basis derer Signale verarbeitet und der Scherenhubtisch gesteuert werden kann. Die signaltechnische Verknüpfung dieser Komponenten führt zu einer umfassenden Verarbeitung von allen sicherheitsrelevanten Signalen, so dass alle Signale zentral verarbeitet werden. Durch die Verknüpfung der Antriebssteuerung und der SPS-Steuerung ist es möglich, über das Sicherheitselement manuell aktivierbare Eingriffselemente, wie zum Beispiel einen Schlüsselschalter und/oder NOT-Stop Schalter, zu führen. Diese Verknüpfung fügt der automatisch gewährleisteten Betriebssicherheit eine manuell gewährleistbare Betriebssicherheit hinzu. Es ist möglich, dass es zu Störungen im Betrieb kommt, welche nicht von dem Überwachungselement registriert werden oder werden können. Denkbare Störungen sind beispielsweise ein Einklemmen von Personen oder eine sonstige eine Person gefährdende Situation. Wird einer der beiden Schalter aktiviert, sendet dieser ein Signal an das Sicherheitselement. Das Sicherheitselement empfängt über eine drahtgebundene Signalverbindung das Signal, verarbeitet es, und sendet ein Stoppsignal an die Antriebsbremse, welche auf die Antriebseinheit in bereits beschriebener Weise einwirkt und so die Trageinheit in einer aktuellen Stellung hält.In a preferred embodiment of the scissor lift table according to the invention, the drive control interacts with a PLC control (programmable logic controller) and the security element. A PLC is an electronic system having a programmable memory on which control instructions and processing schemes for implementing desired functions are stored, on the basis of which signals can be processed and the scissor lift can be controlled. The signaling connection of these components leads to a comprehensive processing of all safety-relevant signals, so that all signals are processed centrally. By linking the drive control and the PLC control, it is possible to use the security element manually activatable engagement elements, such as a key switch and / or emergency stop switch to lead. This link adds automatically guaranteed operational safety to a manually guaranteed operational safety. It is possible that malfunctions will occur in the operation which can not or will not be registered by the monitoring element. Conceivable disturbances are, for example, trapping of persons or other situation endangering a person. If one of the two switches is activated, it sends a signal to the security element. The security element receives the signal via a wired signal connection, processes it, and sends a stop signal to the drive brake, which acts on the drive unit in the manner already described and thus keeps the carrying unit in a current position.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung wirkt die Antriebssteuerung im Störfall mittels eines Richtelements auf die Antriebsbremse ein. Das Richtelement generiert Sollwerte einer Ausgangsspannung und versorgt dadurch den Antriebsmotor mit elektrischer Energie. Vorteilhaft an einem derartigen Einsatz des Richtelements ist die sichere Ansteuerung der Antriebsbremse. Somit kommt die Antriebseinheit sehr schnell und sicher zum Stehen. Denkbar ist der Einsatz eines rückspeisenden Richtelements, vorzugsweise in Kombination mit einem entsprechenden Energiespeicher. Die auftretende Bremsenergie kann dadurch gespeichert und bei Bedarf eingesetzt werden. Es lässt sich somit ein Vierquadrantenbetrieb realisieren, welcher energieschonend ist und niedrige Betriebskosten verursacht.In a further embodiment of the scissor lift table according to the invention, the drive control acts on the drive brake in the event of a fault by means of a straightening element. The straightening element generates desired values of an output voltage and thereby supplies the drive motor with electrical energy. An advantage of such use of the straightening element is the safe control of the drive brake. Thus, the drive unit comes to a halt very quickly and safely. It is conceivable to use a restoring straightening element, preferably in combination with a corresponding energy store. The occurring braking energy can be saved and be used if necessary. It can thus realize a four-quadrant operation, which is energy-saving and low operating costs.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung ist das Richtelement ein Frequenzumrichter. Der Frequenzumrichter ist in der Lage, einen Antriebsmotor der Antriebseinheit zu betreiben. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, zwei oder mehr als zwei Antriebsmotoren mit einem entsprechenden Frequenzumrichter zu betreiben. Zur Steigerung der Betriebssicherheit kann der Frequenzumrichter im Sinne der Erfindung ein Stoppsignal des Sicherheitselements empfangen und auf die Antriebsbremse derart einwirken, dass sie den Antrieb zum sofortigen und sicheren Halten bringt.In a further preferred embodiment of the scissor lift according to the invention, the straightening element is a frequency converter. The frequency converter is able to drive a drive motor of the drive unit. However, it is also conceivable to operate two or more than two drive motors with a corresponding frequency converter. To increase the reliability of the frequency converter according to the invention can receive a stop signal of the security element and act on the drive brake so that it brings the drive for immediate and secure hold.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung wirkt der Frequenzumrichter mit einem Hubelement zusammen. Das Hubelement weist eine Sensorfunktion auf und misst anhand eines Seilabsolutwertgebers und/oder eines Längenabsolutwertgebers die Geschwindigkeit und Wegstrecke bei Hub der Trageinheit und die Lage bei Stillstand der Trageinheit. Vorteilhaft an dem Zusammenwirken ist, dass der Frequenzumrichter im Störfall je nach Lageinformation der Trageinheit entsprechend auf die Antriebsbremsen einwirken kann.In a further embodiment of the scissor lift according to the invention, the frequency converter cooperates with a lifting element. The lifting element has a sensor function and uses a cable absolute value transmitter and / or a absolute value encoder to measure the speed and distance when the carrying unit is moving and the position when the carrying unit is at a standstill. An advantage of the interaction is that the frequency converter can act in case of failure depending on the position information of the support unit according to the drive brakes.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung ist das Überwachungselement ein Motorgeber. Der Motorgeber kann die Drehzahl und die Drehrichtung des Antriebsmotors überwachen und trägt somit zur Betriebssicherheit bei. Über eine Signalverbindung, welche vorzugsweise als drahtgebundene Signalverbindung ausgeführt ist, sendet der Motorgeber ständig die Drehzahl und die Drehrichtung an das Sicherheitselement. Das Sicherheitselement gleicht die Signale mit einem gewünschten Betriebszustand ab und kann somit Betriebsstörungen erkennen. Beispielsweise liegt in einer Halteposition der Trageinheit keine Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors vor. Dieser Wert kann somit einen gewünschten Betriebszustand abbilden. Sackt die Trageinheit ab, dreht sich der Antriebsmotor aufgrund der Wirkverbindung entsprechend mit, so dass eine Drehzahl ungleich Null vorliegt. Diese wird vom Motorgeber erfasst und an die Sicherheitseinrichtung gesendet. Diese erkennt durch eine Signalverarbeitung eine Abweichung zwischen dem Soll-Zustand und dem Ist-Zustand. Es liegt somit eine Betriebsstörung vor, welche zu einem Versenden des Stoppsignals führt, vorzugsweise an das Richtelement bzw. den Frequenzumrichter.In a further preferred embodiment of the scissor lift table according to the invention, the monitoring element is a motor transmitter. The motor encoder can monitor the speed and the direction of rotation of the drive motor and thus contributes to operational safety. Via a signal connection, which is preferably designed as a wired signal connection, the motor encoder constantly sends the speed and the direction of rotation to the security element. The security element balances the signals with a desired operating state and can thus detect malfunctions. For example, there is no rotational speed of the drive motor in a holding position of the carrying unit. This value can thus represent a desired operating state. If the carrying unit sags, the drive motor rotates accordingly due to the operative connection, so that a speed not equal to zero is present. This is detected by the motor encoder and sent to the safety device. This recognizes by a signal processing a deviation between the desired state and the It's on. There is thus a malfunction which leads to a sending of the stop signal, preferably to the straightening element or the frequency converter.
Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung werden auf dem Sicherheitselement sicherheitsrelevante Abfragen von Betriebszuständen geführt. Diese Funktion ermöglicht es dem Sicherheitselement, Signale über Betriebsstörungen entsprechend zu empfangen und zu verarbeiten. Zu den sicherheitsrelevanten Abfragen zählt die Ermittlung des Betriebszustands der Sicherungen für einen Riemenriss, sowie für eine Not-End-oben-Position und eine Not-End-unten-Position. Denkbar ist der Einsatz eines Fangzylinders, so dass auch der Betriebszustand einer Sicherung des Fangzylinders sicherheitsrelevant abgefragt werden kann. Zum Abfragen der Betriebszustände sind die Sensoren, Sicherungen und Schalter an das Sicherheitselement signaltechnisch, vorzugsweise über eine drahtgebundene Signalverbindung, angeschlossen.In a further embodiment of the scissor lift table according to the invention, security-relevant queries of operating states are performed on the security element. This feature allows the security element to receive and process signals about malfunctions accordingly. Safety-related queries include determining the operating state of the fuses for a belt break, as well as an emergency end up position and an emergency end down position. It is conceivable to use a catch cylinder, so that the operating state of a backup of the catch cylinder can be queried security relevant. To interrogate the operating states, the sensors, fuses and switches to the security element are signal-technically connected, preferably via a wired signal connection.
Bei einer weiteren speziellen Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung ist die Schereneinheit mit zwei wirkverbindungsmäßig verknüpften Antriebseinheiten versehen, welchen jeweils ein Motorgeber funktionsmäßig zugeordnet ist. Die Antriebseinheiten dienen zur Betätigung der aus den beiden Scherengliederpaaren bestehenden Scherenmechanik eines Scherenhubtisches und umfassen jeweils einen Antriebsmotor. Die Wirkverbindung zwischen den beiden Antriebseinheiten wird vorzugsweise von einer Welle bzw. Wickelwelle gebildet, welche mit den beiden Antriebsmotoren in Eingriff steht. Die den Antriebseinheiten zugeordneten Motorgeber, welche vorzugsweise als Einbaugeber ausgeführt sind, überwachen die Drehzahl und die Drehrichtung der Antriebsmotoren und fungieren somit als Sensor. Die Motorgeber sind mit der Sicherheitseinrichtung bzw. dem Sicherheitselement signaltechnisch verknüpft.In a further specific embodiment of the scissor-type lifting table according to the invention, the scissor unit is provided with two drive-connected drive units, to each of which a motor transmitter is assigned functionally. The drive units serve to actuate the existing of the two pairs of scissor shears scissor mechanism of a scissor lift and each comprise a drive motor. The operative connection between the two drive units is preferably formed by a shaft or winding shaft, which engages with the two drive motors. The motor units associated with the drive units, which are preferably designed as built-in encoders, monitor the speed and the direction of rotation of the drive motors and thus act as a sensor. The motor encoders are linked with the safety device or the safety element by signal technology.
Bei einer weiteren speziellen Ausführungsform des Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung umfasst die Sicherheitseinrichtung einen Fangzylinder. Mit einem Fangzylinder als zusätzliches Sicherheitselement lässt sich die Sicherheitseinrichtung redundant ausführen. Das Beiordnen eines weiteren, eigenständig funktionierenden Sicherheitselements zur beschriebenen Anordnung von erfindungsgemäß zusammenwirkenden, spezifischen Komponenten führt zu einer noch weiter gesteigerten Sicherheit und einer erweiterten Konfigurationsmöglichkeit von Scherenhubtischen nach der Erfindung für Nutzer bzw. Kunden. So ist es beispielsweise denkbar, dass beide erwähnten Sicherheitselemente aktiv sind und gleichzeitig die Betriebssicherheit gewährleisten. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, nur eines der beiden Sicherheitselemente während des Betriebes aktiv zu schalten und das zweite Sicherheitselement erst im Fall einer Betriebsstörung zu aktivieren. Eine denkbare Möglichkeit ist eine aktive Anordnung von erfindungsgemäß zusammenwirkenden spezifischen Komponenten, welche den Betrieb überwachen. Kommt es zu einer Betriebsstörung, verhält sich die Anordnung in bereits beschriebener Weise, so dass sie die Trageinheit in einer aktuellen Stellung hält. Im Moment der erkannten Betriebsstörung wird der Fangzylinder aktiviert, welcher ebenfalls die Trageinheit in der aktuellen Stellung fixiert. Die Antriebsbremse kann darauf teilweise oder ganz gelöst werden. Der Fangzylinder übernimmt dadurch einen Teil des Lastgewichtes, so dass die Antriebsbremse entlastet und geschont werden kann.In a further specific embodiment of the scissor lift table according to the invention, the safety device comprises a catching cylinder. With a catch cylinder as an additional security element, the safety device can be redundant. The assignment of a further, independently functioning security element to the described arrangement of inventive cooperating, specific components leads to an even further increased security and an extended configuration possibility of scissor lift tables according to the invention for users or customers. So it is conceivable, for example, that both mentioned security elements are active and at the same time ensure the reliability. However, it is also possible to activate only one of the two security elements during operation and to activate the second security element only in the event of a malfunction. One conceivable possibility is an active arrangement of specific components cooperating according to the invention, which monitor the operation. If there is a malfunction, the arrangement behaves in the manner already described, so that it holds the support unit in a current position. At the moment of the detected malfunction of the catch cylinder is activated, which also fixes the support unit in the current position. The drive brake can be partially or completely released. The catch cylinder takes over a part of the load weight, so that the drive brake can be relieved and spared.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Gegenstandes der Erfindung sind der Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are the description, the drawings and the claims removable.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch vereinfacht dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Scherenhubtisches nach der Erfindung;
- Fig. 2
- einen vertikalen Längsschnitt durch den Scherenhubtisch; und
- Fig. 3
- ein Blockschaltbild einer Hubtischsteuerung und einer Sicherheitseinrichtung.
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a scissor lift according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- a vertical longitudinal section through the scissor lift; and
- Fig. 3
- a block diagram of a Hubtischsteuerung and a safety device.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Scherenhubtisch 10 dargestellt, der beispielsweise zum Anheben und Absenken von hohen Lasten beispielsweise im Bereich einer Fertigungsstrasse eines Automobilherstellers dient und auf einer nicht näher dargestellten Rollenanordnung angeordnet oder auch ortsfest montiert sein kann.In the drawing, a
Der Scherenhubtisch 10 umfasst eine Basiseinheit 12 und eine im Wesentlichen planparallel zu der Basiseinheit 12 angeordnete, tischplattenartig ausgebildete Trageinheit 14. Die Basiseinheit 12 dient als Träger für eine Schereneinheit 16 und eine Antriebseinheit 18 der Schereneinheit 16.The scissor lift table 10 comprises a
Die Schereneinheit 16 umfasst bezogen auf eine vertikale Scherentischlängsmittelebene beidseits jeweils ein Scherengliederpaar 20A bzw. 20B, das jeweils aus einem ersten Scherenglied 22A bzw. 22B und einem zweiten, das jeweilige erste Scherenglied kreuzenden Scherenglied 24A bzw. 24B gebildet ist. Die Scherenglieder 22A und 24A und die Scherenglieder 22B und 24B sind jeweils über Querstreben 26, 28 bzw. 30 und 32 miteinander verbunden.The
Die ersten Scherenglieder 22A und 22B sind jeweils mit einem Ende an einem Drehlager 34 schwenkbar gelagert, das an der Basiseinheit 12 ausgebildet ist. Mit dem dem Drehlager 34 abgewandten Ende sind die ersten Scherenglieder 22A und 22B jeweils über eine Rolle 36 in einer Führungsschiene 38A bzw. 38B der Trageinheit 14 verfahrbar geführt.The
Die zweiten Scherenglieder 24A und 24B sind jeweils mit einem Ende an einem Drehlager 39 schwenkbar gelagert, das an der Trageinheit 14 oberhalb des Drehlagers 34 der Basiseinheit 12 angeordnet ist. Mit dem dem Drehlager 38 abgewandten Ende sind die zweiten Scherenglieder 24A und 24B jeweils über eine Rolle 40 in einer an der Basiseinheit 12 ausgebildeten Führungsschiene 42A bzw. 42B geführt.The
Des Weiteren sind die Scherenglieder 22A und 24A und die Scherenglieder 22B und 24B jeweils über ein Gelenk 44 schwenkbar miteinander verbunden.Further, the
Zur Betätigung der aus den beiden Scherengliederpaaren 20A und 20B bestehenden Scherenmechanik umfasst der Scherenhubtisch 10 eine Antriebseinheit 18, die einen Antriebsmotor 46 umfasst, der eine als Wickeleinrichtung dienende Wickelwelle 48 drehbar betätigt. An der Wickelwelle 48 sind vier parallel zueinander ausgerichtete Antriebsriemen bzw. Bänder 50 befestigt, die je nach Drehrichtung der Wickelwelle 48 von dieser abwickelbar oder auf diese aufwickelbar sind. Die Antriebsriemen 50 sind ausgehend von der Wickelwelle 48 über eine walzenartig ausgebildete Umlenkrolle 52 zu einer Kniehebelanordnung 54 geführt.To operate the scissors mechanism consisting of the two pair of
Die Kniehebelanordnung 54 weist bezogen auf die vertikale Scherentischlängsmittelebene beidseits jeweils ein erstes Hebelelement 56 auf, das über eine Achse 58 mit dem zugehörigen Scherenglied 22A bzw. 22B verbunden ist und an seinem der Achse 58 abgewandten Ende über ein von einer Gelenkachse 60 gebildeten Gelenk mit einem zweiten Hebelelement 61 verbunden ist, das über ein an einem Lagerblock 62 ausgebildetes Gelenk 64 schwenkbar an der Basiseinheit 12 gelagert ist. Das zweite Hebelelement 61 ist aus zwei seitlichen Hebelschalen 66 gebildet, die jeweils über das Gelenk 64 an dem zugehörigen Lagerblock 62 schwenkbar gelagert sind und über ein eine Leitfläche bildendes Leitblech 68 miteinander verbunden sind. Je nach Schwenkstellung des zweiten Hebelelements 61 legen sich die Antriebsriemen 50, die jeweils ein Zugelement darstellen, an dem Leitblech 68 an.The
Des Weiteren sind die Antriebsriemen 50 ausgehend von der Umlenkrolle 52 über das Leitblech 68 und ein Rundeisen 70, die an dem zweiten Hebelelement 61 an dem der Gelenkachse 60 abgewandten Ende ausgebildet ist, zu einer Einhängevorrichtung 72 geführt, die an der Gelenkachse 60 aufgehängt ist.Furthermore, the
Die Betätigung des vorstehend beschriebenen Scherenhubtisches 10 erfolgt in nachfolgend beschriebener Weise.The operation of the
Ausgehend von einer abgesenkten Senkposition der Trageinheit 14 wird der Antriebsmotor 46 derartig betätigt, dass die Wickelwelle 48 gemäß
Zum Absenken der Trageinheit 14 wird die Wickelwelle 48 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn gedreht, so dass die Antriebsriemen 50 von der Wickelwelle 48 abgewickelt werden. Durch die Last der Trageinheit 14 und der Scherengliederpaare 20A und 20B wird damit das zweite Hebelelement 61 eingeschwenkt, das heißt in Richtung der Basiseinheit 12 geschwenkt, so dass die Trageinheit 14 schwerkraftbedingt abgesenkt wird.To lower the carrying
In
Ein Hauptschalter 90 des Scherenhubtisches 10 ist an eine lokale, elektrische Stromversorgung 91 von 3 x 400V angeschlossen. Die Stromversorgung 91 durchläuft den Hauptschalter 90, welcher einen elektrischen Stromfluss zulässt oder unterbindet, und endet an einem Richtelement 86 bzw. einem Frequenzumrichter. Der Frequenzumrichter 86 wandelt den eingehenden elektrischen Strom derart um, dass er den Anforderungen von zwei Antriebsmotoren 46 entspricht. Die Antriebsmotoren 46 sind jeweils über eine Stromverbindung mit dem Frequenzumrichter 86 verbunden. Untereinander sind die Antriebsmotoren 46 über die zwischen ihnen angeordnete Welle bzw. Wickelwelle 48 verbunden, welche als dick gestrichelte Linie dargestellt ist. Die Wickelwelle 48 stellt eine Wirkverbindung zwischen den Antriebsmotoren 46 her. An den Antriebsmotoren 46 ist jeweils ein Überwachungselement 76 bzw. ein Motorgeber angeordnet, welcher die Drehzahl und die Drehrichtung des ihm zugeordneten Antriebsmotors 46 überwacht. Über eine Signalverbindung sind beide Motorgeber 76 an ein Sicherheitselement 78 angeschlossen. Diese sicherheitsrelevante Verbindung ist in
Der Fall einer Betriebsstörung bei einem Scherenhubtisch 10 nach der Erfindung, welcher sicherheitstechnisch von der beschriebenen Anordnung von erfindungsgemäß zusammenwirkenden spezifischen Komponenten überwacht ist, wird im Folgenden näher erläutert.The case of a malfunction in a
Tritt während des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebs eine Betriebsstörung auf, wird diese durch das Zusammenwirken von Sensoren, Sicherungen oder Schaltern mit dem Sicherheitselement 78 erfasst.If a malfunction occurs during normal operation, this is detected by the interaction of sensors, fuses or switches with the
Sensoren messen ständig einen Betriebszustand und senden diese Messwerte als Sensorsignal umgehend an das Sicherheitselement 78. Diese Sensoren sind die beiden Motorgeber 76, welche die Drehzahl und die Drehrichtung des Antriebsmotors 46 überwachen. Bei einem sensormäßig gemessenen Betriebszustand gleicht das Sicherheitselement 78 den aktuell gemessenen IST-Wert mit einem gewünschten SOLL-Wert ab. Beispielsweise beträgt in einer Halteposition der Trageinheit 14 die Drehzahl der Antriebsmotoren
Sicherungen erkennen eigenständig, wenn durch die Änderung des Betriebszustandes ein zuvor definierter Grenzewert überschritten ist. Wird dieser überschritten, sendet die betroffene Sicherung ein entsprechendes Sicherungssignal an das Sicherheitselement 78. Mit Sicherungen versehen sind die Not-End-oben-Position 92 und die Not-End-unten-Position 94, welche die kraftbetätigte Hubbewegung der Trageinheit 14 nach oben und unten begrenzen. An den vier Antriebsriemen 50 ist jeweils ein Sensor 95 bis 98 zur Überwachung eines möglichen Riemenrisses angeordnet. Die betroffene Sicherung sendet ein einsprechendes Signal an das Sicherheitselement 78, welches dadurch eine Betriebsstörung erkennt.Fuses recognize independently when a previously defined limit value has been exceeded due to the change of the operating state. If this is exceeded, sends the fuse concerned a corresponding security signal to the
Schalter sind manuell betätigbar und geben einem Nutzer die Möglichkeit eine Betriebsstörung anzuzeigen. Der Schlüsselschalter 100 ist aktivierbar durch das Einstecken und Drehen eines passenden Schlüssels. Der NOT-Stop 102 ist aktivierbar durch Drücken eines Knopfes. Der Knopf ist sicherheitsrelevant und daher optisch auffallend gestaltet. Die Schalter 100 und 102 senden bei Betätigung ein entsprechendes Schaltersignal an das Sicherheitselement 78, welches dadurch eine Betriebsstörung erkennt.Switches are manually operated and give a user the opportunity to display a malfunction. The
Hat das Sicherheitselement 78 eine Betriebsstörung erkannt, sendet es umgehend ein Stoppsignal an den Frequenzumrichter 86. Das Versenden des Stoppsignals ist vorzugsweise unabhängig davon, ob es aufgrund eines Sensorsignals, eines Sicherungssignals oder eines Schaltersignals zustande gekommen bzw. ausgelöst ist. Der Frequenzumrichter 86 empfängt das Stoppsignal des Sicherheitselements 78 und wirkt sofort auf die Antriebsbremse 82 derart ein, dass die Antriebsmotoren 46 zum sofortigen und sicheren Halten kommen. Die Trageinheit 14 ist somit fixiert.If the
Ein Lösen dieser Fixierung ist vorzugsweise mittels Eingabe eines entsprechenden Befehls oder Sicherheitsmerkmals, wie zum Beispiel eines Zahlencodes, am Bedienpanel 104 möglich. Auch das Lösen mittels eines entsprechenden Schlüssels am Schlüsselschalter 100 ist denkbar. Möglich ist auch das selbstständige Aufheben der Fixierung durch den Hubtisch 100 nach einem Beheben der Betriebsstörung, vorzugsweise nach einer entsprechenden scherenhubtischseitigen Vorankündigung, wie beispielsweise einem akustischen Signal oder einem optischen Hinweis. Diese Vorankündigung hilft, das Personal vor Verletzungen zu schützen, wenn es sich im Gefahrenbereich des Hubtisches 10 aufhält und durch das Lösen der Fixierung, wodurch ein verletzungsbewirkender Faktor entstehen kann, in Gefahr gerät.
Claims (10)
- A scissor lift table comprising a base unit (12) and a carrier unit (14) being adjustable relative to the base unit (12) by means of a scissor unit (16) provided with a drive unit (18), wherein the drive unit (18) comprises a motor (46) and wherein the scissor unit (16) comprises at least one pair of scissor members (20A, 20B) having two scissor members (22A, 24A, 22B, 24B), which are connected to each other by a joint and one of which is mounted with one end on a first pivot bearing (34), arranged stationary on the base unit (12), and is movably guided with the other end on the carrier unit (14), and the other scissor member is mounted with one end on a second pivot bearing (39), arranged stationary on the carrier unit (14), and is movably guided with its other end on the base unit (12), and comprising a safety device (74),
characterized in that
the safety device (74) comprises a monitoring element (76), which receives parameters of the motor (46), and a safety element (78), which processes safety-related signals, wherein the safety device (74) additionally comprises a drive control (80) and a drive brake (82), wherein the drive control (80) actuates the drive brake (82) in the event of a disruption. - The scissor lift table according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the drive control (80) is realized as a fieldbus control. - The scissor lift table according to any one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the drive control (80) interacts with a PLC control (84) and the safety element (78). - The scissor lift table according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
in the event of a disruption, the drive control (80) acts on the drive brake (82) via an adjusting element (86). - The scissor lift table according to claim 4,
characterized in that
the adjusting element (86) is a frequency converter. - The scissor lift table according to claim 5,
characterized in that
the frequency converter cooperates with a lifting element (88). - The scissor lift table according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that
the monitoring element (76) is a motor encoder. - The scissor lift table according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that
on the safety element (78), safety-related queries of operation states take place. - The scissor lift table according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized in that
the scissor unit (16) is provided with two drive units (18), which are coupled, preferably via a shaft, and to each of which a monitoring element is assigned. - The scissor lift table according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized in that
the safety device (74) comprises a safety cylinder.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL13164259T PL2684834T3 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2013-04-18 | Lifting table control |
SI201330179A SI2684834T1 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2013-04-18 | Lifting table control |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202012102606 | 2012-07-13 | ||
DE202013100340U DE202013100340U1 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2013-01-24 | Hubtischsteuerung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2684834A1 EP2684834A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
EP2684834B1 true EP2684834B1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
Family
ID=47879148
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13164259.7A Not-in-force EP2684834B1 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2013-04-18 | Lifting table control |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20140014886A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2684834B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE202013100340U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2684834T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2566207T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE028883T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2684834T3 (en) |
SI (1) | SI2684834T1 (en) |
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2013
- 2013-01-24 DE DE202013100340U patent/DE202013100340U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2013-04-18 SI SI201330179A patent/SI2684834T1/en unknown
- 2013-04-18 PL PL13164259T patent/PL2684834T3/en unknown
- 2013-04-18 ES ES13164259.7T patent/ES2566207T3/en active Active
- 2013-04-18 HU HUE13164259A patent/HUE028883T2/en unknown
- 2013-04-18 EP EP13164259.7A patent/EP2684834B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-04-18 DK DK13164259.7T patent/DK2684834T3/en active
- 2013-05-23 US US13/901,264 patent/US20140014886A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI2684834T1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
US20140014886A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
PL2684834T3 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
DK2684834T3 (en) | 2016-05-23 |
EP2684834A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
HUE028883T2 (en) | 2017-01-30 |
ES2566207T3 (en) | 2016-04-11 |
DE202013100340U1 (en) | 2013-02-08 |
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