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EP2678874A2 - Electronic tap changer - Google Patents

Electronic tap changer

Info

Publication number
EP2678874A2
EP2678874A2 EP12703094.8A EP12703094A EP2678874A2 EP 2678874 A2 EP2678874 A2 EP 2678874A2 EP 12703094 A EP12703094 A EP 12703094A EP 2678874 A2 EP2678874 A2 EP 2678874A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
semiconductor switching
tap changer
switching units
winding
load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12703094.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Engel
Jochen Von Bloh
Dieter Dohnal
Karsten Viereck
Rik De Doncker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP2678874A2 publication Critical patent/EP2678874A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/257—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tap changer for voltage regulation with semiconductor switching elements
  • the secondary winding consists of a certain number of control winding parts, which are connected in a certain number of series
  • Winding groups are summarized, wherein each winding group contains two or three parallel-connected control winding parts. Each control winding part is provided with a contactless switching element.
  • the secondary winding of the transformer consists of a group of series-connected control winding parts, wherein each control winding part contains four contactless switching elements. The arrangement is equipped such that the direction of the voltage at the terminals of the control winding part reversible as well as optionally the entire control winding part can be bridged.
  • a further device for the stepwise switching of the secondary voltage of a transformer is known.
  • the secondary winding is grouped into partial windings, wherein also semiconductor switching elements can be provided for switching.
  • Tap changer for uninterrupted load switching known, with thyristors also serve as switching elements.
  • thyristors By means of antiparallel-connected thyristor pairs are different winding parts of a step winding as part of
  • semiconductor switching elements in fact take over the function of the mechanical selector arm in classical, mechanical tap changers.
  • semiconductor switching elements individual winding taps of the control windings can be switched on or off. It is also possible to subdivide the control winding into sub-windings, which are separate
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tap changer with semiconductor switching elements, which is simple. Furthermore, he should have a modular, expandable structure. Finally, the tap changer according to the invention should have a high
  • the general inventive idea is to build the tap changer modular and selectively connect or disconnect different partial windings of the control winding.
  • the tap changer according to the invention comprises two parallel switching branches, each having series-connected semiconductor switching units.
  • the individual semiconductor Switching units of the first load branch and the individual semiconductor switching units of the second load branch are each in pairs opposite.
  • Parallel between the two load branches, in each case between two semiconductor switching units of each load branch, partial electrical windings of the control winding are provided.
  • Partial windings are each magnetically coupled to the control winding, d. H. Applied to the respective transformer legs.
  • the electrical partial windings can be connected or disconnected as desired.
  • Particularly advantageous electrical part windings are dimensioned differently. If a first part winding has a certain number of turns, the other part electrical windings have turn numbers which are multiples. It is within the scope of the invention possible to vary the number of individual semiconductor switching units as well as the electrical part windings, which form in its entirety the tap changer according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a first semiconductor switching unit
  • a second semiconductor switching unit 4 shows a third semiconductor switching unit
  • Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows a special dimensioning of the tap changer shown in Fig. 1
  • FIG. 7 shows a special dimensioning of the tap changer shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first tap changer according to the invention.
  • the tap changer shown here has two parallel load branches 1 and 2.
  • semiconductor switching units S1 .1 ... S1.6 are provided in series connection.
  • semiconductor switching units S2.1 ... S2.6 are also provided in series connection.
  • a semiconductor switching unit of the first load branch 1 and a semiconductor switching unit of the second load branch 2 are opposite in pairs, namely the semiconductor switching units S1.1 and S2.1, S1.2 and S2.2, etc. to S1.6 and S2.6.
  • alternately between these pairwise opposite semiconductor switching units S1 .1 and S2.1, S1.2 and S2.2, etc. to S1 .6 and S2.6 are parallel between the two load branches 1 and 2 respectively partial windings W1, W2, W3 the
  • Control winding and electrical bridges B1 ... B3 connected.
  • a first partial winding W1 is connected between the semiconductor switching units S1 .2 and S2.2 on the one hand and S1.3 and S2.3
  • a first electrical bridge B1 is connected, between the semiconductor switching units S1.3 and S2.3, on the one hand, and S1.4 and S2.4, on the other hand, a second partial winding W2 is connected, etc.
  • FIG. 2 shows a semiconductor switching unit which has an antiparallel-connected thyristor pair S as a semiconductor switch.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further semiconductor switching unit which has a series connection of two individual semiconductor switches Sa and Sb.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further semiconductor switching unit which has a series connection of four individual semiconductor switches Sa... Sd.
  • Thyristor pairs shown In the context of the invention, other known semiconductor switches, IGBTs, for example, are also possible.
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention.
  • a special switch assembly FS is provided, comprising four special semiconductor switching units S1 .7 and in series S1 .8 in the first load branch 1 and S2.7 and in series to S2.8 in the second load branch 2, between which the one partial winding W3 as arranged in parallel as described above.
  • These special semiconductor switching units S1 .7, S1 .8, S2.7 and S2.8 are IGBTs that can be controlled with a pulse width modulation (PWM) and thus allow a fine-level connection or disconnection of the partial winding W3.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the partial windings W1 and W2 depending on the switching state of the semiconductor switching units
  • S1 .1 ... S1 .4 and S2.1 ... S2.4 are connected or disconnected as required.
  • the partial winding W3 can be added or subtracted in any desired proportion, which makes possible a particularly fine control without grading.
  • FIG. 6 shows the tap changer from FIG. 1 with a particularly advantageous one
  • first partial winding W1 has nine times the number of turns of the third partial winding W3; the second partial winding W2 has three times
  • the middle position "0" in the tap-changer according to the invention results from the fact that the semiconductor switching units S1.1 ... S1.6 are closed, whereas the semiconductor switching units S2.1 ... S2.6 are open also the semiconductor switching units S1.1 ... S1 .6 open and the semiconductor switching units S2.1 ... S2.6 be closed. It can be seen that this position, and not only this, can be generated in a redundant manner.
  • Figure 7 shows the tap changer of Figure 5 with a likewise particularly advantageous dimensioning.
  • the position of the individual components again corresponds to the representation in FIG. 5, the reference symbols have accordingly also been omitted here for reasons of clarity. It is shown here that the first partial winding W1 is nine times
  • Winding number of the third partial winding W3 has; the second partial winding W2 has twice the number of turns of the third partial winding W3.
  • the semiconductor switching units in each case as a series circuit of a plurality of separate semiconductor switches, as described, for example, in US Pat Fig. 3 and 4 is shown.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tap changer for voltage regulation, comprising semiconductor switch units on a regulating transformer having a regulating winding, wherein two parallel load branches are provided, in each of which several series-connected semiconductor switch units are arranged. Parallel between the two load branches, alternating parts of the regulating winding as well as bridge circuits are provided such that by corresponding wiring of the semiconductor switch units in both load branches, the parts of the regulating wiring can be operated at will in a subtractive and/or additive manner.

Description

Stufenschalter  step switch
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stufenschalter zur Spannungsregelung mit Halbleiter- Schaltelementen, The invention relates to a tap changer for voltage regulation with semiconductor switching elements,
Bereits die DE 22 48 166 A beschreibt einen regelbaren Transformator mit Halbleiter- Schaltelementen. Dabei besteht die Sekundärwicklung aus einer bestimmten Anzahl von Regelwicklungsteilen, die in einer gewissen Anzahl von in Serie geschalteten Already DE 22 48 166 A describes a controllable transformer with semiconductor switching elements. In this case, the secondary winding consists of a certain number of control winding parts, which are connected in a certain number of series
Wicklungsgruppen zusammengefasst sind, wobei jede Wicklungsgruppe zwei oder drei parallel geschaltete Regelwicklungsteile enthält. Dabei ist jeder Regelwicklungsteil mit einem kontaktlosen Schaltelement versehen. In dieser Schrift ist auch eine andere Variante beschrieben, wobei die Sekundärwicklung des Transformators aus einer Gruppe von in Serie geschalteten Regelwicklungsteilen besteht, wobei jedes Regelwicklungsteil vier kontaktlose Schaltelemente enthält. Die Anordnung ist derart ausgestattet, dass die Richtung der Spannung an den Klemmen des Regelwicklungsteiles umkehrbar sowie auch wahlweise der gesamte Regelwicklungsteil überbrückbar ist. Winding groups are summarized, wherein each winding group contains two or three parallel-connected control winding parts. Each control winding part is provided with a contactless switching element. In this document, another variant is described, wherein the secondary winding of the transformer consists of a group of series-connected control winding parts, wherein each control winding part contains four contactless switching elements. The arrangement is equipped such that the direction of the voltage at the terminals of the control winding part reversible as well as optionally the entire control winding part can be bridged.
Aus der DE 25 08 013 A ist eine weitere Vorrichtung zur stufenweisen Schaltung der Sekundärspannung eines Transformators bekannt. Auch hierbei ist die Sekundärwicklung in Teilwicklungen gruppiert, wobei ebenfalls Halbleiter-Schaltelemente zur Umschaltung vorgesehen werden können. From DE 25 08 013 A, a further device for the stepwise switching of the secondary voltage of a transformer is known. Again, the secondary winding is grouped into partial windings, wherein also semiconductor switching elements can be provided for switching.
Die DE 197 47 712 C2 beschreibt eine Anordnung eines Stufenschalters ähnlicher Art an einen als Spartransformator ausgebildeten Stufentransformator. Hierbei sind ebenfalls einzelne Wicklungsteile vorgesehen, die einzeln und voneinander unabhängig beschaltbar sind. Neben festen Anzapfungen der Regelwicklung sind bei dieser Anordnung zusätzlich separate Wicklungsteile an- bzw. zuschaltbar. Aus der WO 95/27931 sind verschiedene Ausführungsformen eines weiteren DE 197 47 712 C2 describes an arrangement of a tap changer of a similar kind to a stepped transformer designed as an autotransformer. Here, individual winding parts are also provided, which are individually and independently connected. In addition to fixed taps of the control winding separate winding parts are also switched on or added in this arrangement. From WO 95/27931 are various embodiments of another
Stufenschalters zur unterbrechungslosen Lastumschaltung bekannt, wobei ebenfalls Thyristoren als Schaltelemente dienen. Mittels antiparallel geschalteter Thyristorpaare sind dabei unterschiedliche Wicklungsteile einer Stufenwicklung als Teil der  Tap changer for uninterrupted load switching known, with thyristors also serve as switching elements. By means of antiparallel-connected thyristor pairs are different winding parts of a step winding as part of
Sekundärwicklung des jeweiligen Stufentransformators zu- oder abschaltbar. Zur Realisierung einer möglichst feinstufigen Spannungsregelung bei einer begrenzten Zahl vorhandener Wicklungsanzapfungen wird in dieser Schrift ferner ein als„discrete circle modulation" bezeichnetes Verfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem die Thyristoren derart angesteuert werden, dass sich Zwischenwerte der Sekundärspannung ergeben. Secondary winding of each stage transformer switched on or off. to Realization of the finest possible voltage control with a limited number of existing winding taps is also proposed in this document as a "discrete circle modulation" method, in which the thyristors are controlled such that there are intermediate values of the secondary voltage.
Bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Lösungen übernehmen Halbleiter- Schaltelemente de facto die Funktion des mechanischen Wählerarmes bei klassischen, mechanischen Stufenschaltern. Mittels der Halbleiter-Schaltelemente können einzelne Wicklungsanzapfungen der Regelwicklungen selbst zu- oder abgeschaltet werden. Es ist auch möglich, die Regelwicklung in Teilwicklungen zu unterteilen, die separat In the solutions known from the prior art, semiconductor switching elements in fact take over the function of the mechanical selector arm in classical, mechanical tap changers. By means of the semiconductor switching elements individual winding taps of the control windings can be switched on or off. It is also possible to subdivide the control winding into sub-windings, which are separate
zugeschaltet werden können. can be switched on.
Nachteilig bei diesem Stand der Technik sind der hohe Schaltungsaufwand und die notwendige spezielle Anpassung der Halbleiter-Schaltelemente. A disadvantage of this prior art, the high circuit complexity and the necessary special adaptation of the semiconductor switching elements.
Ein weiterer Nachteil des Standes der Technik besteht darin, dass beim Ausfall einzelner Halbleiter-Schaltelemente keine Regelung oder jedenfalls keine befriedigende Regelung mehr möglich ist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Stufenschalter mit Halbleiter-Schaltelementen anzugeben, der einfach aufgebaut ist. Weiterhin soll er einen modularen, erweiterbaren Aufbau besitzen. Schließlich soll der erfindungsgemäße Stufenschalter eine hohe Another disadvantage of the prior art is that in case of failure of individual semiconductor switching elements no regulation or at least no satisfactory regulation is possible. The object of the invention is to provide a tap changer with semiconductor switching elements, which is simple. Furthermore, he should have a modular, expandable structure. Finally, the tap changer according to the invention should have a high
Regelsicherheit und -genauigkeit auch beim Ausfall einzelner Schaltelemente, quasi als Notbetrieb, ermöglichen. Control safety and accuracy even in case of failure of individual switching elements, quasi as emergency operation, enable.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Stufenschalter mit den Merkmalen des ersten This task is accomplished by a tap changer with the characteristics of the first
Patentanspruches gelöst. Die Unteransprüche betreffen besonders vorteilhafte Claim solved. The subclaims relate to particularly advantageous
Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. Die allgemeine erfinderische Idee besteht darin, den Stufenschalter modular aufzubauen und unterschiedliche Teilwicklungen der Regelwicklung gezielt zu- bzw. gegenzuschalten. Further developments of the invention. The general inventive idea is to build the tap changer modular and selectively connect or disconnect different partial windings of the control winding.
Der erfindungsgemäße Stufenschalter umfasst zwei parallele Schaltzweige, die jeweils in Reihe geschaltete Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten aufweisen. Die einzelnen Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten des ersten Lastzweiges und die einzelnen Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten des zweiten Lastzweiges liegen sich jeweils paarweise gegenüber. Parallel zwischen den beiden Lastzweigen, jeweils zwischen zwei Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten jedes Lastzweiges, sind elektrische Teilwicklungen der Regelwicklung vorgesehen. Die elektrischen The tap changer according to the invention comprises two parallel switching branches, each having series-connected semiconductor switching units. The individual semiconductor Switching units of the first load branch and the individual semiconductor switching units of the second load branch are each in pairs opposite. Parallel between the two load branches, in each case between two semiconductor switching units of each load branch, partial electrical windings of the control winding are provided. The electrical
Teilwicklungen sind jeweils mit der Regelwicklung magnetisch gekoppelt, d. h. auf dem jeweiligen Trafoschenkel aufgebracht. Partial windings are each magnetically coupled to the control winding, d. H. Applied to the respective transformer legs.
Durch die jeweiligen Schaltzustände der Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten in beiden Lastzweigen lassen sich die elektrischen Teilwicklungen beliebig zu- bzw. gegenschalten. Due to the respective switching states of the semiconductor switching units in both load branches, the electrical partial windings can be connected or disconnected as desired.
Besonders vorteilhaft sind die elektrischen Teilwicklungen unterschiedlich dimensioniert. Weist eine erste Teilwicklung eine bestimmte Zahl von Windungen auf, besitzen die anderen elektrischen Teilwicklungen Windungszahlen, die ein Mehrfaches darstellen. Es ist im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, die Zahl der einzelnen Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten als auch der elektrischen Teilwicklungen, die in der Gesamtheit den erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter bilden, zu variieren. Particularly advantageous electrical part windings are dimensioned differently. If a first part winding has a certain number of turns, the other part electrical windings have turn numbers which are multiples. It is within the scope of the invention possible to vary the number of individual semiconductor switching units as well as the electrical part windings, which form in its entirety the tap changer according to the invention.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter sind mit nur wenigen Bauteilen zum gezielten Zu- bzw. Gegenschalten der einzelnen Teilwicklungen eine große Zahl von When the tap changer according to the invention are with only a few components for targeted Zu- or counter-switching of the individual part windings a large number of
Spannungsstufungen erreichbar. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter ist weiterhin eine redundante Erzeugung einzelner Teilspannungen möglich; beim im praktischen Betrieb nie auszuschließenden Ausfall einzelner Schaltelemente kann die Regelung dennoch im Wesentlichen fortgeführt werden.  Voltage ratings achievable. In the tap changer according to the invention, furthermore, a redundant generation of individual partial voltages is possible; In the case of failure of individual switching elements, which can never be excluded in practical operation, the regulation can still essentially be continued.
Die Erfindung soll nachstehend an Hand von Zeichnungen beispielhaft noch näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen: The invention will be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to drawings. Show it:
Figur 1 eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention
Figur 2 eine erste Halbleiter-Schalteinheit eine zweite Halbleiter-Schalteinheit Figur 4 eine dritte Halbleiter-Schalteinheit FIG. 2 shows a first semiconductor switching unit, a second semiconductor switching unit 4 shows a third semiconductor switching unit
Figur 5 eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters Figur 6 eine besondere Dimensionierung des in Fig. 1 gezeigten Stufenschalters Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention Figure 6 shows a special dimensioning of the tap changer shown in Fig. 1
Figur 7 eine besondere Dimensionierung des in Fig. 5 gezeigten Stufenschalters FIG. 7 shows a special dimensioning of the tap changer shown in FIG
Figur 1 zeigt einen ersten erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter. FIG. 1 shows a first tap changer according to the invention.
Zwischen dem festen, ungeregelten Teil der Regelwicklung oberhalb der Klemme R und der Lastableitung LA ist der hier gezeigte Stufenschalter angeordnet. Er besitzt zwei parallele Lastzweige 1 und 2. Im ersten Lastzweig 1 sind in Reihenschaltung Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten S1 .1...S1.6 vorgesehen. Im zweiten Lastzweig 2 sind ebenfalls in Reihenschaltung weitere Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S2.1 ...S2.6 vorgesehen. Dabei liegen sich jeweils eine Halbleiter-Schalteinheit des ersten Lastzweiges 1 und eine Halbleiter- Schalteinheit des zweiten Lastzweiges 2 paarweise gegenüber, nämlich die Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten S1.1 und S2.1 , S1.2 und S2.2 usw. bis S1.6 und S2.6. Jeweils abwechselnd zwischen diesen paarweise sich gegenüberliegenden Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten S1 .1 und S2.1 , S1.2 und S2.2 usw. bis S1 .6 und S2.6 sind parallel zwischen die beiden Lastzweige 1 und 2 jeweils Teilwicklungen W1 , W2, W3 derBetween the fixed, unregulated part of the control winding above the terminal R and the load lead LA of the tap changer shown here is arranged. It has two parallel load branches 1 and 2. In the first load branch 1 semiconductor switching units S1 .1 ... S1.6 are provided in series connection. In the second load branch 2 further semiconductor switching units S2.1 ... S2.6 are also provided in series connection. In each case, a semiconductor switching unit of the first load branch 1 and a semiconductor switching unit of the second load branch 2 are opposite in pairs, namely the semiconductor switching units S1.1 and S2.1, S1.2 and S2.2, etc. to S1.6 and S2.6. In each case alternately between these pairwise opposite semiconductor switching units S1 .1 and S2.1, S1.2 and S2.2, etc. to S1 .6 and S2.6 are parallel between the two load branches 1 and 2 respectively partial windings W1, W2, W3 the
Regelwicklung und elektrische Brücken B1...B3 geschaltet. In der Figur 1 ist gezeigt, dass zwischen die Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S1 .1 und S2.1 einerseits und S1 .2 und S2.2 andererseits eine erste Teilwicklung W1 geschaltet ist, zwischen die Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten S1 .2 und S2.2 einerseits und S1.3 und S2.3 andererseits eine erste elektrische Brücke B1 geschaltet ist, zwischen die Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S1.3 und S2.3 einerseits und S1.4 sowie S2.4 andererseits eine zweite Teilwicklung W2 geschaltet ist usw. Control winding and electrical bridges B1 ... B3 connected. In the figure 1 it is shown that between the semiconductor switching units S1 .1 and S2.1 on the one hand and S1 .2 and S2.2 on the other hand, a first partial winding W1 is connected between the semiconductor switching units S1 .2 and S2.2 on the one hand and S1.3 and S2.3, on the other hand, a first electrical bridge B1 is connected, between the semiconductor switching units S1.3 and S2.3, on the one hand, and S1.4 and S2.4, on the other hand, a second partial winding W2 is connected, etc.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Halbleiter-Schalteinheit, die ein antiparallel geschaltetes Thyristorpaar S als Halbleiterschalter besitzt. FIG. 2 shows a semiconductor switching unit which has an antiparallel-connected thyristor pair S as a semiconductor switch.
Figur 3 zeigt eine weitere Halbleiter-Schalteinheit, die eine Reihenschaltung von zwei einzelnen Halbleiterschaltern Sa und Sb aufweist. Figur 4 zeigt eine weitere Halbleiter-Schalteinheit, die eine Reihenschaltung von vier einzelnen Halbleiterschaltern Sa...Sd aufweist. FIG. 3 shows a further semiconductor switching unit which has a series connection of two individual semiconductor switches Sa and Sb. FIG. 4 shows a further semiconductor switching unit which has a series connection of four individual semiconductor switches Sa... Sd.
Die einzelnen Halbleiterschalter sind hier beispielhaft als antiparallel geschaltete The individual semiconductor switches are exemplified here as antiparallel connected
Thyristorpaare dargestellt; es sind im Rahmen der Erfindung auch andere bekannte Halbleiter-Schalter, IGBTs etwa, möglich. Thyristor pairs shown; In the context of the invention, other known semiconductor switches, IGBTs, for example, are also possible.
Figur 5 zeigt eine zweite Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters. Hierbei ist eine besondere Schaltbaugruppe FS vorgesehen, umfassend vier spezielle Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S1 .7 und in Reihe S1 .8 im ersten Lastzweig 1 und S2.7 und in Reihe dazu S2.8 im zweiten Lastzweig 2, zwischen denen die eine Teilwicklung W3 wie oben beschrieben parallel angeordnet ist. Diese speziellen Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S1 .7, S1 .8, S2.7 und S2.8 sind IGBTs, die mit einer Pulsweitenmodulation (PWM) angesteuert werden können und damit eine feinstufige Zu- bzw. Abschaltung der Teilwicklung W3 gestatten. Bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Teilwicklungen W1 und W2 je nach Schaltzustand der Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention. Here, a special switch assembly FS is provided, comprising four special semiconductor switching units S1 .7 and in series S1 .8 in the first load branch 1 and S2.7 and in series to S2.8 in the second load branch 2, between which the one partial winding W3 as arranged in parallel as described above. These special semiconductor switching units S1 .7, S1 .8, S2.7 and S2.8 are IGBTs that can be controlled with a pulse width modulation (PWM) and thus allow a fine-level connection or disconnection of the partial winding W3. In this embodiment of the invention, the partial windings W1 and W2, depending on the switching state of the semiconductor switching units
S1 .1...S1 .4 und S2.1...S2.4 beliebig zu- oder gegengeschaltet. Die Teilwicklung W3 kann in beliebiger Teiligkeit entsprechend addiert oder subtrahiert werden, was insgesamt eine besonders feine Regelung ohne Stufung ermöglicht. S1 .1 ... S1 .4 and S2.1 ... S2.4 are connected or disconnected as required. The partial winding W3 can be added or subtracted in any desired proportion, which makes possible a particularly fine control without grading.
Figur 6 zeigt den Stufenschalter aus Figur 1 mit einer besonders vorteilhaften FIG. 6 shows the tap changer from FIG. 1 with a particularly advantageous one
Dimensionierung. Die Lage der einzelnen Bauteile entspricht der Darstellung in Figur 1 , auf die Bezugszeichen wurde demgemäß aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit verzichtet. Es ist hier gezeigt, dass die erste Teilwicklung W1 die neunfache Windungszahl der dritten Teilwicklung W3 aufweist; die zweite Teilwicklung W2 weist die dreifache Dimensioning. The position of the individual components corresponds to the illustration in Figure 1, to the reference numerals has been omitted accordingly for reasons of clarity. It is shown here that the first partial winding W1 has nine times the number of turns of the third partial winding W3; the second partial winding W2 has three times
Windungszahl der dritten Teilwicklung W3 auf. Durch gezieltes Zu- und Gegenschalten der drei Teilwicklungen W1...W3 lassen sich im gezeigten Beispiel damit insgesamt 27 Spannungsstufen erzeugen. Beispielsweise ergibt sich die Mittelstellung„0" beim erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalter dadurch, dass die Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S1.1 ...S1.6 geschlossen, die Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten S2.1 ...S2.6 hingegen geöffnet sind. Auf redundante Weise können auch die Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S1.1 ...S1 .6 geöffnet und die Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S2.1 ...S2.6 geschlossen sein. Es ist zu sehen, dass sich diese Stellung, und nicht nur diese, auf redundante Weise erzeugen lässt. Number of turns of the third partial winding W3. By selective connection and counter-switching of the three partial windings W1... W3, a total of 27 voltage stages can thus be generated in the example shown. For example, the middle position "0" in the tap-changer according to the invention results from the fact that the semiconductor switching units S1.1 ... S1.6 are closed, whereas the semiconductor switching units S2.1 ... S2.6 are open also the semiconductor switching units S1.1 ... S1 .6 open and the semiconductor switching units S2.1 ... S2.6 be closed. It can be seen that this position, and not only this, can be generated in a redundant manner.
Bei der Stellung„13" bei der alle Teilwicklungen W1 ...W3 gleichsinnig zugeschaltet sind, ergeben sich beispielsweise folgende Stellungen der Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten:  In the position "13" in which all partial windings W1 ... W3 are connected in the same direction, the following positions of the semiconductor switching units result, for example:
S1.1 geschlossen, S1.2 offen, S1.3 geschlossen, S1 .4 offen, S1.5 geschlossen, S1 .6 offen; S2.1 offen, S2.2 geschlossen, S2.3 offen, S2.4 geschlossen, S2.5 offen, S2.6 geschlossen. Auf ganz analoge Weise lassen sich alle anderen Stellungen des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters, d. h. Spannungsstufen, herstellen. Um die entsprechenden Schaltleistungen zu beherrschen, kann es vorteilhaft sein, die einzelnen Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten jeweils als Reihenschaltung aus mehreren separaten Halbleiterschaltern vorzusehen, wie dies beispielsweise in Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigt ist. S1.1 closed, S1.2 open, S1.3 closed, S1.4 open, S1.5 closed, S1.6 open; S2.1 open, S2.2 closed, S2.3 open, S2.4 closed, S2.5 open, S2.6 closed. In a very analogous manner, all other positions of the tap changer according to the invention, i. H. Voltage levels, produce. In order to master the corresponding switching powers, it may be advantageous to provide the individual semiconductor switching units in each case as a series circuit of a plurality of separate semiconductor switches, as shown for example in FIGS. 3 and 4.
Figur 7 zeigt den Stufenschalter aus Figur 5 mit einer ebenfalls besonders vorteilhaften Dimensionierung. Die Lage der einzelnen Bauteile entspricht wiederum der Darstellung in Figur 5, auf die Bezugszeichen wurde demgemäß aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit auch hier verzichtet. Es ist hier gezeigt, dass die erste Teilwicklung W1 die neunfache Figure 7 shows the tap changer of Figure 5 with a likewise particularly advantageous dimensioning. The position of the individual components again corresponds to the representation in FIG. 5, the reference symbols have accordingly also been omitted here for reasons of clarity. It is shown here that the first partial winding W1 is nine times
Windungszahl der dritten Teilwicklung W3 aufweist; die zweite Teilwicklung W2 weist die doppelte Windungszahl der dritten Teilwicklung W3 auf. Durch gezieltes Zu- und Winding number of the third partial winding W3 has; the second partial winding W2 has twice the number of turns of the third partial winding W3. Through targeted Zu- and
Gegenschalten der beiden Teilwicklungen W1 und W2 und schnelles zeitweises Schalten der Teilwicklung W3 ist eine feinstufige Regelung möglich Um die entsprechenden Schaltspannungen zu beherrschen, kann es auch hier vorteilhaft sein, die Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten jeweils als Reihenschaltung aus mehreren separaten Halbleiterschaltern vorzusehen, wie dies beispielsweise in Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigt ist. In order to master the corresponding switching voltages, it may also be advantageous here to provide the semiconductor switching units in each case as a series circuit of a plurality of separate semiconductor switches, as described, for example, in US Pat Fig. 3 and 4 is shown.
Es sind im Rahmen der Erfindung auch andere Dimensionierungen der Teilwicklungen W1 ...W3 als auch der Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten S1 .1 ...S2.8 möglich. Within the scope of the invention, other dimensions of the partial windings W1... W3 as well as of the semiconductor switching units S1 .1... S2.8 are also possible.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Stufenschalter zur Spannungsregelung mit Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten an einem 1 . Tap changer for voltage regulation with semiconductor switching units on one
Regeltransformator mit einer Regelwicklung,  Control transformer with a control winding,
wobei der Stufenschalter zwischen einem festen, ungeregelten Teil der Regelwicklung und einer Lastableitung (LA) angeordnet ist,  the tap changer being arranged between a fixed, unregulated part of the control winding and a load drain (LA),
wobei der Stufenschalter zwei parallele Lastzweige (1 , 2) besitzt,  wherein the tap changer has two parallel load branches (1, 2),
wobei im ersten Lastzweig (1 ) in Reihenschaltung Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten  wherein in the first load branch (1) in series semiconductor switching units
(S1.1 ...S1.6) vorgesehen sind,  (S1.1 ... S1.6) are provided,
wobei im zweiten Lastzweig (2) ebenfalls in Reihenschaltung weitere Halbleiter- Schalteinheiten (S2.1 ...S2.6) vorgesehen sind, derart, dass sich jeweils eine  wherein in the second load branch (2) also in series connection further semiconductor switching units (S2.1 ... S2.6) are provided, such that in each case one
Halbleiter-Schalteinheit des ersten Lastzweiges (1 ) und eine Halbleiter-Schalteinheit des zweiten Lastzweiges (2) paarweise gegenüberliegen,  Semiconductor switching unit of the first load branch (1) and a semiconductor switching unit of the second load branch (2) in pairs opposite,
wobei jeweils alternierend zwischen den sich paarweise gegenüberliegenden  each alternating between the pairwise opposite
Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten (S1.1 , S2.1 ; S1.2, S2.2;...;S1 .6, S2.6) parallel zwischen die beiden Lastzweige (1 , 2) jeweils Teilwicklungen (W1 , W2, W3) der Regelwicklung und elektrische Brücken (B1 , B2, B3) geschaltet sind.  Semiconductor switching units (S1.1, S2.1, S1.2, S2.2; ...; S1 .6, S2.6) in parallel between the two load branches (1, 2) each partial windings (W1, W2, W3 ) of the control winding and electrical bridges (B1, B2, B3) are connected.
2. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 , 2. tap changer according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die Teilwicklungen (W1 , W2, W3) unterschiedliche Wicklungszahlen besitzen.  that the partial windings (W1, W2, W3) have different numbers of turns.
3. Stufenschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. tap changer according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass die einzelnen Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten (S1.1 ...S2.6) aus antiparallel geschalteten Thyristorpaaren bestehen.  that the individual semiconductor switching units (S1.1 ... S2.6) consist of antiparallel-connected thyristor pairs.
4. Stufen Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, 4. step switch according to one of claims 1 to 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,  characterized,
dass mindestens eine der Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten (S1.1 ...S2.6) aus einer  that at least one of the semiconductor switching units (S1.1 ... S2.6) from a
Reihenschaltung von zwei oder mehreren einzelnen Halbleiterschaltern bestehen.  Series connection of two or more individual semiconductor switches exist.
5. Stufenschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, 5. Tap changer according to one of claims 1 to 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Halbleiter-Schalteinheiten (S1.7, S1.8; S2.7, S2.8) mit einer Pulsweitenmoduiation ansteuerbar ist. characterized, in that at least one of the semiconductor switching units (S1.7, S1.8, S2.7, S2.8) can be controlled with a pulse width modulation.
EP12703094.8A 2011-02-23 2012-02-06 Electronic tap changer Withdrawn EP2678874A2 (en)

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DE102011012080A DE102011012080A1 (en) 2011-02-23 2011-02-23 step switch
PCT/EP2012/051962 WO2012113641A2 (en) 2011-02-23 2012-02-06 Tap changer

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KR20140004178A (en) 2014-01-10
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WO2012113641A2 (en) 2012-08-30
US20140354390A1 (en) 2014-12-04
RU2013142935A (en) 2015-04-10
CN103534768A (en) 2014-01-22
BR112013018587A2 (en) 2016-09-27
CA2847956A1 (en) 2012-08-30
JP2014506733A (en) 2014-03-17
AU2012219902A1 (en) 2013-09-19

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