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EP2664849A2 - Combustible gas-air mixing device - Google Patents

Combustible gas-air mixing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2664849A2
EP2664849A2 EP13166357.7A EP13166357A EP2664849A2 EP 2664849 A2 EP2664849 A2 EP 2664849A2 EP 13166357 A EP13166357 A EP 13166357A EP 2664849 A2 EP2664849 A2 EP 2664849A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flap
air
mixing device
gas supply
latch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13166357.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2664849B1 (en
EP2664849A3 (en
Inventor
Jochen Wriske
Matthias Wodtke
Nicole Schmidt
Gabriele Lange
Thomas Messerschmidt
Bernhard Zscheile
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Publication of EP2664849A2 publication Critical patent/EP2664849A2/en
Publication of EP2664849A3 publication Critical patent/EP2664849A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2664849B1 publication Critical patent/EP2664849B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERALĀ ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
    • F23L13/02—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught pivoted about a single axis but having not other movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/027—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/02—Regulating draught by direct pressure operation of single valves or dampers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel gas-air mixing device for a heater.
  • Generic mixing devices are based on a mixing nozzle, usually a venturi nozzle, in which air is conveyed through the nozzle by means of a blower.
  • a mixing nozzle usually a venturi nozzle
  • fuel gas is supplied orthogonally.
  • a throttle in the gas path the amount of fuel gas required for clean combustion is adjusted in relation to the amount of air.
  • the venturi ensures that over a certain range of air mass flow, the fuel gas to air ratio remains constant within close tolerances.
  • the patent application DE 196 35 974 A1 describes a fuel gas-air mixing device for gas heaters, in which the opening cross section is adapted to the combustion chamber by a gravity-loaded pendulum flap depending on the volume flow.
  • the patent EP 1 183 483 B1 describes a mixing device for fuel gas and combustion air with two parallel air nozzles in the form of Venturi nozzles.
  • One or alternatively both air nozzles can be switched off by means of shut-off devices.
  • the shut-off devices are designed as flaps, wherein the flaps are held by springs against the flow direction. The spring rate thus determines the Absperr characterizing.
  • closure means which comprises the flap, is formed so that no enrichment of the fuel gas-air mixture takes place in the transition region.
  • the closure means comprises a locking means which is locked at low air mass flows and in the transition region to high mass air flows. As a result, the flap reliably remains in the closed position.
  • the locking means may be a drive such as a stepper motor.
  • the locking means may be an electromagnet. This makes it possible to control the locking means directly by means of a controller.
  • the locking means is a latch which locks the flap passively.
  • This is done by means of an aerodynamically acting body.
  • This body is provided in the air flow of the first air channel.
  • the aerodynamic effect can be caused by buoyancy or air resistance.
  • the aerodynamically acting body is designed so that the latch opens the flap only when the air mass flow is sufficiently large to open the door.
  • the flap has openings. This allows the air in the partially closed state of the flap to flow through the openings. This prevents high flow velocities occurring in the region of the second gas supply.
  • the second air duct in the region of the flap and the flap itself are shaped so that at low opening angles of the flap, the gap between the flap and the second air duct in the area outside the second gas supply opens faster than in the area of the second gas supply. This also prevents high flow velocities occurring in the region of the second gas supply.
  • the locking means is actuated depending on the rotational speed of a fan connected to the mixing device.
  • the actuation takes place in the form of a hysteresis.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show a sectional drawing of an embodiment of the mixing device according to the invention.
  • the mixing nozzle 1 which is designed as a Venturi nozzle.
  • the mixing nozzle 1 is divided into a first air channel 2 and a second air channel 3.
  • the second air channel 3 can be locked by a closure means 6 in the form of a flap 9.
  • the flap 9 is formed so that at the same time the second gas supply 5 can be locked.
  • the flap 9 is opened by the back pressure.
  • the second gas supply 5 is opened.
  • the flap 9 is connected via a shaft 7 with a drive 8. As a result, the flap 9 can be actively opened, so that an unwanted partial opening of the flap 9 is prevented.
  • an electromagnet 10 is shown, which cooperates with the flap 9.
  • This solenoid can be controlled so that the flap 9 is locked at low air mass flows and in the transition region. Only at sufficiently high air mass flows of the electromagnet 10, the flap 9 free, so this then opens reliably.
  • FIG. 3 shows a latch 11 which locks the flap 9 in a closed position.
  • the bolt 11 is connected to a biased by a spring latch actuator 12, which is arranged in the air flow of the first air duct 2.
  • High air mass flows cause that in this example designed as a support surface locking actuator 12 is actuated so that the latch 11, the flap 9 releases.
  • Latch 12 and flap 9 are coordinated so that the flap 9 opens reliably at this air mass flow.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional drawing of another embodiment of the mixing device according to the invention.
  • the flap 9 has a plurality of openings 13 through which air can flow.
  • a gap 14 is formed between the flap 9 and the second air channel 3.
  • the contours of the second air duct 3 and the outer edge of the flap 9 are designed so that at low opening angles of the flap 9, the gap opens faster outside the range of the second gas supply 5 than in the region of the second gas supply 5. This can be achieved, for example, that the second air duct in this area has no rotationally symmetrical cross section.
  • the cross section widens more outside the region of the second gas supply 5 than in the region of the second gas supply 5.
  • FIG. 5 represents a measured course of the fuel gas-air ratio over the entire power range of a heater.
  • a value of the fuel gas-air ratio greater than 1 corresponds to an excess of air, a value less than 1 corresponds to lack of air.
  • a value of 1.3 is considered optimal.
  • the measurement curve 15 was recorded with a mixing device according to the prior art. In the power range of the heater between 7 and 15 kW is a drop in the value of the fuel gas-air ratio recorded, which corresponds to an enrichment of the mixture and thus leads to higher pollutant emissions.
  • the measurement curve 16 was used with a mixing device according to the invention according to FIG. 4 added. The enrichment of the mixture can be significantly reduced here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

The mixing device has a mixing nozzle (1), particularly a Venturi nozzle, which has two air ducts (2,3) with a gas supply (4,5) in each case for guiding the air, and a closure unit (6), which comprises a flap (9). The closure unit is formed such that the flap closes the latter air duct or latter gas supply in a closed position during operation with low air mass flow rates. The air speed in the area of the latter gas supply in the transition area between low air mass flow rates and high air mass flow rates is so low that no enrichment of the combustion gas-air mixture takes place. An independent claim is included for a method for operating a mixing device.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brenngas-Luft-Mischvorrichtung fĆ¼r ein HeizgerƤt. GattungsgemƤƟe Mischvorrichtungen basieren auf einer MischdĆ¼se, Ć¼blicherweise einer VenturidĆ¼se, bei der mittels eines GeblƤses Luft durch die DĆ¼se gefƶrdert wird. Im Bereich des engen Querschnitts der VenturidĆ¼se wird orthogonal Brenngas zugefĆ¼hrt. Ɯber eine Drossel im Gasweg wird die fĆ¼r eine saubere Verbrennung benƶtigte Brenngasmenge im VerhƤltnis zur Luftmenge eingestellt. Die VenturidĆ¼se gewƤhrleistet, dass Ć¼ber einen bestimmten Bereich des Luftmassenstroms das Brenngas-Luft-VerhƤltnis in engen Toleranzen konstant bleibt.The invention relates to a fuel gas-air mixing device for a heater. Generic mixing devices are based on a mixing nozzle, usually a venturi nozzle, in which air is conveyed through the nozzle by means of a blower. In the region of the narrow cross-section of the Venturi nozzle, fuel gas is supplied orthogonally. Via a throttle in the gas path, the amount of fuel gas required for clean combustion is adjusted in relation to the amount of air. The venturi ensures that over a certain range of air mass flow, the fuel gas to air ratio remains constant within close tolerances.

Dies trifft jedoch unterhalb eines Grenzwerts, bei dem die Strƶmungsgeschwindigkeit zu gering wird, nicht mehr zu. FĆ¼r ein HeizungsgerƤt ist es vorteilhaft, wenn dieses Ć¼ber einen breiten Modulationsbereich, also einem groƟen VerhƤltnis zwischen maximaler und minimaler Leistung bei Nenn- bzw. bei Teillast verfĆ¼gt. Diese Systeme sind jedoch dahingehend begrenzt, dass der sich dabei Ć¼ber die VenturidĆ¼se einstellende Druckverlust von Teil- zu Nennlast quadratisch verhƤlt und dadurch das Gesamtsystem in der Nennlast durch die maximal mƶgliche Druckerhƶhung des verwendeten GeblƤses begrenzt ist.However, this no longer applies below a limit value at which the flow velocity becomes too low. For a heating device, it is advantageous if this has a wide modulation range, ie a large ratio between maximum and minimum power at rated or at partial load. These systems are, however, limited to the fact that the thereby adjusting over the Venturi nozzle pressure loss from part to nominal load squared and thus the overall system is limited in the nominal load by the maximum possible pressure increase of the blower used.

Aus diesem Grund sind aus dem Stand der Technik verschiedene Lƶsungen bekannt, die auch im Teillastbereich mit geringen Leistungen ein ausreichend eng toleriertes Brenngas-Luft-VerhƤltnis aufweisen.For this reason, various solutions are known from the prior art, which also have a low-tolerance fuel gas to air ratio in the part load range with low power.

Die Patentanmeldung DE 196 35 974 A1 beschreibt eine Brenngas-Luft-Mischvorrichtung fĆ¼r GasheizgerƤte, bei dem der Ɩffnungsquerschnitt zur Brennkammer durch eine schwerkraftbelastete Pendelklappe je nach Volumenstrom angepasst wird.The patent application DE 196 35 974 A1 describes a fuel gas-air mixing device for gas heaters, in which the opening cross section is adapted to the combustion chamber by a gravity-loaded pendulum flap depending on the volume flow.

Das Patent EP 1 183 483 B1 beschreibt eine Mischvorrichtung fĆ¼r Brenngas und Verbrennungsluft mit zwei parallelen LuftdĆ¼sen in Form von VenturidĆ¼sen. Eine oder alternativ beide LuftdĆ¼sen sind durch Absperreinrichtungen abschaltbar. Die Absperreinrichtungen sind als Klappen ausgebildet, wobei die Klappen durch Federn gegen die Strƶmungsrichtung gehalten werden. Die Federrate bestimmt somit die Absperrcharakteristik.The patent EP 1 183 483 B1 describes a mixing device for fuel gas and combustion air with two parallel air nozzles in the form of Venturi nozzles. One or alternatively both air nozzles can be switched off by means of shut-off devices. The shut-off devices are designed as flaps, wherein the flaps are held by springs against the flow direction. The spring rate thus determines the Absperrcharakteristik.

Aus der Patentanmeldung WO 2012/007823 A1 ist eine Mischvorrichtungen bekannt, bei der ebenfalls eine Klappe im Luftweg den Strƶmungsquerschnitt bei Teillast verringern. Eine weitere durch den Luftdruck betƤtigte Klappe verschlieƟt den Brenngasweg.From the patent application WO 2012/007823 A1 is a mixing devices are known in which also reduce a flap in the air the flow cross-section at partial load. Another actuated by the air pressure flap closes the fuel gas path.

Die aus der Patentanmeldung WO 2012/007823 A1 bekannte Mischvorrichtungen hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass es bei kleinen Belastungen im Ɯbergangsbereich eine zu hohe Gasmenge beigemischt wird, was zu einer Anfettung des Gemisches fĆ¼hrt. Beispielsweise kann bei einem gesamten Modulationsbereich von 3,5 kW bis 35 kW dieser Ɯbergangsbereich im Bereich zwischen 7 kW und 15 kW liegen. Leistungsbereiche unterhalb des Ɯbergangsbereichs fĆ¼hren zu niedrigen Luftmassenstrƶmen. Die Anfettung des Gemischs ist darauf zurĆ¼ckzufĆ¼hren, dass die Klappe im Ɯbergangsbereich undefinierte ƖffnungszustƤnde aufweist und damit undefinierte StrƶmungsverhƤltnisse am Klappenrand herrschen, wodurch das vorgesehene MischungsverhƤltnis nicht mehr gewƤhrleistet ist.The from the patent application WO 2012/007823 A1 However, known mixing devices has the disadvantage that it is mixed with small loads in the transition region too high a gas amount, which leads to an enrichment of the mixture. For example, with a total modulation range of 3.5 kW to 35 kW, this transitional range can be in the range between 7 kW and 15 kW. Power ranges below the transition range lead to low air mass flows. The enrichment of the mixture is due to the fact that the flap in the transition region undefined opening states and thus prevail undefined flow conditions at the flap edge, whereby the intended mixing ratio is no longer guaranteed.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Mischvorrichtung gemƤƟ der Patentanmeldung WO 2012/007823 A1 dahingehend weiterzuentwickeln, dass im Ɯbergangsbereich keine Anfettung des Gemischs stattfindet.It is therefore an object of the invention, a mixing device according to the patent application WO 2012/007823 A1 to develop further so that no enrichment of the mixture takes place in the transition region.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemƤƟ dadurch gelƶst, dass das Verschlussmittel, welches die Klappe umfasst, so ausgebildet ist, dass im Ɯbergangsbereich keine Anfettung des Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches erfolgt.This object is achieved in that the closure means, which comprises the flap, is formed so that no enrichment of the fuel gas-air mixture takes place in the transition region.

In einer AusfĆ¼hrungsform der Erfindung umfasst das Verschlussmittel ein Verriegelungsmittel, das bei niedrigen Luftmassenstrƶmen sowie im Ɯbergangsbereich zu hohen Luftmassenstrƶmen verriegelt wird. Dadurch bleibt die Klappe zuverlƤssig in der Verschlussposition.In one embodiment of the invention, the closure means comprises a locking means which is locked at low air mass flows and in the transition region to high mass air flows. As a result, the flap reliably remains in the closed position.

In einer Variante kann das Verriegelungsmittel ein Antrieb wie beispielsweise ein Schrittmotor sein. In einer alternativen Variante kann das Verriegelungsmittel ein Elektromagnet sein. Dadurch ist es mƶglich, das Verriegelungsmittel mittels einer Steuerung direkt anzusteuern.In a variant, the locking means may be a drive such as a stepper motor. In an alternative variant, the locking means may be an electromagnet. This makes it possible to control the locking means directly by means of a controller.

In einer anderen Variante ist das Verriegelungsmittel ein Riegel, der die Klappe passiv verriegelt. Dies erfolgt mittels eines aerodynamisch wirkenden Kƶrpers. Dieser Kƶrper ist im Luftstrom des ersten Luftkanals vorgesehen. Die aerodynamische Wirkung kann durch Auftrieb oder Luftwiderstand bewirkt werden. Bevorzugt ist der aerodynamisch wirkende Kƶrper so ausgebildet, dass der Riegel die Klappe erst dann ƶffnet, wenn der Luftmassenstrom ausreichend groƟ ist, um die Klappe zu ƶffnen.In another variant, the locking means is a latch which locks the flap passively. This is done by means of an aerodynamically acting body. This body is provided in the air flow of the first air channel. The aerodynamic effect can be caused by buoyancy or air resistance. Preferably, the aerodynamically acting body is designed so that the latch opens the flap only when the air mass flow is sufficiently large to open the door.

In einer anderen AusfĆ¼hrungsform der Erfindung, die auch mit der dritten AusfĆ¼hrungsform kombinierbar ist, weist die Klappe Ɩffnungen auf. Dadurch kann die Luft im teilweise geschlossenen Zustand der Klappe durch die Ɩffnungen hindurch strƶmen. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr hohe Strƶmungsgeschwindigkeiten auftreten.In another embodiment of the invention, which is also combinable with the third embodiment, the flap has openings. This allows the air in the partially closed state of the flap to flow through the openings. This prevents high flow velocities occurring in the region of the second gas supply.

Der gleiche Effekt wird auch dadurch erzielt, dass der zweite Luftkanal im Bereich der Klappe sowie die Klappe selbst so geformt sind, dass sich bei geringen Ɩffnungswinkeln der Klappe der Spalt zwischen der Klappe und dem zweiten Luftkanal im Bereich auƟerhalb der zweiten Gaszufuhr schneller ƶffnet als im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr. Auch dadurch wird verhindert, dass im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr hohe Strƶmungsgeschwindigkeiten auftreten.The same effect is also achieved in that the second air duct in the region of the flap and the flap itself are shaped so that at low opening angles of the flap, the gap between the flap and the second air duct in the area outside the second gas supply opens faster than in the area of the second gas supply. This also prevents high flow velocities occurring in the region of the second gas supply.

In einem erfindungsgemƤƟen Verfahren wird das Verriegelungsmittel abhƤngig von der Drehzahl eines GeblƤses, das mit der Mischvorrichtung verbunden ist, betƤtigt. In einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante des Verfahrens erfolgt die BetƤtigung in Form einer Hysterese.In a method according to the invention, the locking means is actuated depending on the rotational speed of a fan connected to the mixing device. In a particularly advantageous variant of the method, the actuation takes place in the form of a hysteresis.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Figuren detailliert erlƤutert.The invention will now be explained in detail with reference to FIGS.

Es stellen dar:

  • Figur 1: eine Schnittzeichnung einer erfindungsgemƤƟen Mischvorrichtung.
  • Figur 2: eine Schnittzeichnung einer AusfĆ¼hrungsvariante einer erfindungsgemƤƟen Mischvorrichtung.
  • Figur 3: eine Schnittzeichnung einer weiteren AusfĆ¼hrungsvariante einer erfindungsgemƤƟen Mischvorrichtung.
They show:
  • FIG. 1 : a sectional view of a mixing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 : A sectional drawing of an embodiment of a mixing device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 : A sectional drawing of another embodiment of a mixing device according to the invention.

Die Figuren 1 bis 3 zeigen eine Schnittzeichnung einer AusfĆ¼hrungsform der erfindungsgemƤƟen Mischvorrichtung. Von links strƶmt Luft durch die MischdĆ¼se 1, die als eine VenturidĆ¼se ausgebildet ist. Die MischdĆ¼se 1 teilt sich auf in einen ersten Luftkanal 2 und einen zweiten Luftkanal 3. Der zweite Luftkanal 3 ist durch ein Verschlussmittel 6 in Form einer Klappe 9 verriegelbar. Dabei ist die Klappe 9 so ausgebildet, dass zugleich auch die zweite Gaszufuhr 5 verriegelbar ist. Bei hohen Luftmassenstrƶmen wird die Klappe 9 durch den Staudruck geƶffnet. Zugleich wird auch die zweite Gaszufuhr 5 geƶffnet.The FIGS. 1 to 3 show a sectional drawing of an embodiment of the mixing device according to the invention. From the left air flows through the mixing nozzle 1, which is designed as a Venturi nozzle. The mixing nozzle 1 is divided into a first air channel 2 and a second air channel 3. The second air channel 3 can be locked by a closure means 6 in the form of a flap 9. In this case, the flap 9 is formed so that at the same time the second gas supply 5 can be locked. At high air mass flows, the flap 9 is opened by the back pressure. At the same time, the second gas supply 5 is opened.

In Figur 1 die Klappe 9 Ć¼ber eine Welle 7 mit einem Antrieb 8 verbunden. Dadurch kann die Klappe 9 aktiv geƶffnet werden, so dass ein ungewolltes teilweises Ɩffnen der Klappe 9 verhindert wird.In FIG. 1 the flap 9 is connected via a shaft 7 with a drive 8. As a result, the flap 9 can be actively opened, so that an unwanted partial opening of the flap 9 is prevented.

In Figur 2 ist ein Elektromagnet 10 dargestellt, der mit der Klappe 9 zusammenwirkt. Dieser Elektromagnet kann so angesteuert werden, dass die Klappe 9 bei niedrigen Luftmassenstrƶmen und im Ɯbergangsbereich verriegelt ist. Erst bei ausreichend hohen Luftmassenstrƶmen gibt der Elektromagnet 10 die Klappe 9 frei, so das diese dann zuverlƤssig ƶffnet.In FIG. 2 an electromagnet 10 is shown, which cooperates with the flap 9. This solenoid can be controlled so that the flap 9 is locked at low air mass flows and in the transition region. Only at sufficiently high air mass flows of the electromagnet 10, the flap 9 free, so this then opens reliably.

Figur 3 zeigt einen Riegel 11, der die Klappe 9 in einer geschlossenen Position verriegelt. Der Riegel 11 ist mit einer durch eine Feder vorgespannte RiegelbetƤtigung 12 verbunden, die im Luftstrom des ersten Luftkanals 2 angeordnet ist. Hohe Luftmassenstrƶme bewirken, dass die in diesem Beispiel als TragflƤche ausgebildete RiegelbetƤtigung 12 so betƤtigt wird, dass der Riegel 11 die Klappe 9 freigibt. RiegelbetƤtigung 12 und Klappe 9 sind dabei so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass bei diesem Luftmassenstrom die Klappe 9 zuverlƤssig ƶffnet. FIG. 3 shows a latch 11 which locks the flap 9 in a closed position. The bolt 11 is connected to a biased by a spring latch actuator 12, which is arranged in the air flow of the first air duct 2. High air mass flows cause that in this example designed as a support surface locking actuator 12 is actuated so that the latch 11, the flap 9 releases. Latch 12 and flap 9 are coordinated so that the flap 9 opens reliably at this air mass flow.

Figur 4 zeigt eine Schnittzeichnung einer weiteren AusfĆ¼hrungsform der erfindungsgemƤƟen Mischvorrichtung. Die Klappe 9 weist mehrere Ɩffnungen 13 auf, durch die Luft strƶmen kann. Ebenso ist zwischen der Klappe 9 und dem zweiten Luftkanal 3 ein Spalt 14 ausgebildet. Die Konturen des zweiten Luftkanals 3 und der AuƟenrand der Klappe 9 sind so ausgebildet, dass sich bei geringen Ɩffnungswinkeln der Klappe 9 der Spalt auƟerhalb des Bereichs der zweiten Gaszufuhr 5 schneller ƶffnet als im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr 5. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch erreicht werden, dass der zweite Luftkanal in diesem Bereich keinen rotationssymmetrischen Querschnitt ausweist. Vielmehr weitet sich der Querschnitt auƟerhalb des Bereichs der zweiten Gaszufuhr 5 stƤrker auf als im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr 5. FIG. 4 shows a sectional drawing of another embodiment of the mixing device according to the invention. The flap 9 has a plurality of openings 13 through which air can flow. Likewise, a gap 14 is formed between the flap 9 and the second air channel 3. The contours of the second air duct 3 and the outer edge of the flap 9 are designed so that at low opening angles of the flap 9, the gap opens faster outside the range of the second gas supply 5 than in the region of the second gas supply 5. This can be achieved, for example, that the second air duct in this area has no rotationally symmetrical cross section. On the contrary, the cross section widens more outside the region of the second gas supply 5 than in the region of the second gas supply 5.

Figur 5 stellt einen gemessenen Verlauf des Brenngas-Luft-VerhƤltnisses Ć¼ber dem gesamten Leistungsbereich eines HeizgerƤts dar. Ein Wert des Brenngas-Luft-VerhƤltnisses grĆ¶ĆŸer 1 entspricht einem LuftĆ¼berschuss, ein Wert kleiner 1 entspricht Luftmangel. Im Sinne einer Schadstoffarmen Verbrennung ist ein Wert von 1,3 als optimal anzusehen. FIG. 5 represents a measured course of the fuel gas-air ratio over the entire power range of a heater. A value of the fuel gas-air ratio greater than 1 corresponds to an excess of air, a value less than 1 corresponds to lack of air. In terms of low-emission combustion, a value of 1.3 is considered optimal.

Die Messkurve 15 wurde mit einer Mischvorrichtung gemƤƟ dem Stand der Technik aufgenommen. In dem Leistungsbereich des HeizgerƤts zwischen 7 und 15 kW ist ein Abfallen des Wertes des Brenngas-Luft-VerhƤltnisses zu verzeichnen, was einer Anfettung des Gemischs entspricht und somit zu hƶheren Schadstoffemissionen fĆ¼hrt.The measurement curve 15 was recorded with a mixing device according to the prior art. In the power range of the heater between 7 and 15 kW is a drop in the value of the fuel gas-air ratio recorded, which corresponds to an enrichment of the mixture and thus leads to higher pollutant emissions.

Die Messkurve 16 wurde mit einer erfindungsgemƤƟen Mischvorrichtung gemƤƟ Figur 4 aufgenommen. Die Anfettung des Gemischs kann hier deutlich reduziert werden. Bezugszeichenliste 1 MischdĆ¼se 2 Erster Luftkanal 3 Zweiter Luftkanal 4 Erste Gaszufuhr 5 Zweite Gaszufuhr 6 Verschlussmittel 7 Welle 8 Antrieb 9 Klappe 10 Magnet 11 Riegel 12 RiegelbetƤtigung 13 Ɩffnung 14 Spalt 15 Messwerte bei Verwendung einer Klappe ohne Ɩffnungen 16 Messwerte bei Verwendung einer Klappe mit Ɩffnungen The measurement curve 16 was used with a mixing device according to the invention according to FIG. 4 added. The enrichment of the mixture can be significantly reduced here. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 mixing nozzle 2 First air duct 3 Second air duct 4 First gas supply 5 Second gas supply 6 closure means 7 wave 8th drive 9 flap 10 magnet 11 bars 12 bolt operation 13 opening 14 gap 15 Measured values when using a flap without openings 16 Measured values when using a flap with openings

Claims (14)

Mischvorrichtung (1) zum Mischen von Brenngas und Luft in einem definierten MischungsverhƤltnis, umfassend eine MischdĆ¼se (1), bevorzugt eine VenturidĆ¼se, welche einen ersten Luftkanal (2) mit einer ersten Gaszufuhr (4) und einen zweiten Luftkanal (3) mit einer zweiten Gaszufuhr (5) beinhaltet, durch die Luft leitbar ist, und umfassend ein Verschlussmittel (6), welches zumindest eine Klappe (9) umfasst, wobei das Verschlussmittel (6) derart ausgebildet ist, dass im Betrieb bei niedrigen Luftmassenstrƶmen die Klappe (9) in einer Verschlussposition den zweiten Luftkanal (3) und/oder die zweite Gaszufuhr (5) verschlieƟt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verschlussmittel (6) so ausgebildet ist, dass die Luftgeschwindigkeit im zweiten Luftkanal im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr im Ɯbergangesbereich zwischen niedrigen Luftmassenstrƶmen und hohen Luftmassenstrƶmen so gering ist, dass keine Anfettung des Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches erfolgt.Mixing device (1) for mixing fuel gas and air in a defined mixing ratio, comprising a mixing nozzle (1), preferably a venturi, which has a first air duct (2) with a first gas supply (4) and a second air duct (3) with a second Gas supply (5), is guided through the air, and comprising a closure means (6) comprising at least one flap (9), wherein the closure means (6) is designed such that in operation at low air mass flows, the flap (9) closes in a closed position the second air duct (3) and / or the second gas supply (5), characterized in that the closing means (6) is designed so that the air velocity in the second air duct in the region of the second gas supply in the transition region between low air mass flows and high air mass flows is so low that no enrichment of the fuel gas-air mixture takes place. Mischvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Verschlussmittel (6) ferner ein Verriegelungsmittel (8, 10, 11) umfasst und wobei das Verriegelungsmittel (8, 10, 11) so ausgebildet ist, dass die Klappe (9) bei niedrigen Luftmassenstrƶmen, insbesondere im Ɯbergangsbereich zu hohen Luftmassenstrƶmen, in der Verschlussposition gehalten wird, so dass ein teilweises Ɩffnen der Klappe verhindert wird.Mixing device according to claim 1, wherein the closure means (6) further comprises a locking means (8, 10, 11) and wherein the locking means (8, 10, 11) is formed so that the flap (9) at low air mass flows, in particular in the transition region To high air mass flows, is held in the closed position, so that a partial opening of the flap is prevented. Mischvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Verriegelungsmittel ein Antrieb (8), insbesondere ein Schrittmotor ist, der Ć¼ber eine Welle (7) mit der Klappe (9) verbunden ist.Mixing device according to claim 2, wherein the locking means is a drive (8), in particular a stepper motor, which is connected via a shaft (7) with the flap (9). Mischvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Verriegelungsmittel ein Magnet (10), insbesondere ein Elektromagnet ist.Mixing device according to claim 2, wherein the locking means is a magnet (10), in particular an electromagnet. Mischvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Verriegelungsmittel ein Riegel (11) ist, welcher mit einer RiegelbetƤtigung (12) so zusammenwirkt, dass der Riegel (11) bei niedrigen Luftmassenstrƶmen die Klappe verriegelt.A mixing device according to claim 2, wherein the locking means is a latch (11) which cooperates with a latch actuator (12) such that the latch (11) locks the latch at low air mass flows. Mischvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die RiegelbetƤtigung (12) ein im ersten Luftkanal (2) angeordnetes aerodynamisch wirkender Kƶrper ist.Mixing device according to claim 5, wherein the latch actuator (12) is an aerodynamically acting body arranged in the first air duct (2). Mischvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die RiegelbetƤtigung (12) so ausgebildet ist, dass sie im Luftstrom einen Auftrieb erfƤhrt und dadurch den Riegel (11) entriegelt.Mixing device according to claim 6, wherein the latch actuator (12) is designed so that it experiences a buoyancy in the air flow and thereby unlocks the latch (11). Mischvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, wobei die RiegelbetƤtigung (12) so ausgebildet ist, dass sie im Luftstrom eine Kraft aufgrund des Luftwiderstands erfƤhrt und dadurch den Riegel (11) entriegelt.A mixing device according to claim 6, wherein the latch actuator (12) is adapted to receive a force due to air resistance in the air flow and thereby unlock the latch (11). Mischvorrichtung nach einem der AnsprĆ¼che 5 bis 8, wobei die RiegelbetƤtigung (12) und die Klappe (9) so zusammenwirken, dass im Betrieb die RiegelbetƤtigung (12) den Riegel (11) erst dann ƶffnet, wenn der Luftmassenstrom ausreichend groƟ ist, um die Klappe (9) zuverlƤssig zu ƶffnen.Mixing device according to one of claims 5 to 8, wherein the latch actuator (12) and the flap (9) cooperate so that in operation the latch actuator (12) the latch (11) opens only when the air mass flow is sufficiently large to the Reliable opening of flap (9). Mischvorrichtung nach einem der AnsprĆ¼che 1 bis 9, wobei die Klappe (9) Ɩffnungen (13) aufweist, durch die Luft in der Verschlussposition der Klappe (9) oder in der NƤhe der Verschlussposition der Klappe (9) strƶmen kann, so dass die Strƶmungsgeschwindigkeit im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr (5) reduziert wird.Mixing device according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the flap (9) has openings (13) through which air in the closed position of the flap (9) or in the vicinity the closure position of the flap (9) can flow, so that the flow velocity in the region of the second gas supply (5) is reduced. Mischvorrichtung nach einem der AnsprĆ¼che 1 bis 10, wobei die Klappe (9) und der zweite Luftkanal im Bereich der Klappe und die Klappe so geformt sind, dass sich in der NƤhe der Verschlussposition der Klappe (9) zwischen Klappe (9) und dem zweiten Luftkanal (3) ein Spalt bildet und dass der Spalt im Bereich der zweiten Gaszufuhr (5) kleiner ist als im Bereich neben der zweiten Gaszufuhr (5), so dass ein GroƟteil der Luft neben der zweiten Gaszufuhr (5) durch den Spalt strƶmt.Mixing device according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the flap (9) and the second air duct in the region of the flap and the flap are shaped so that in the vicinity of the closed position of the flap (9) between the flap (9) and the second Air duct (3) forms a gap and that the gap in the region of the second gas supply (5) is smaller than in the region adjacent to the second gas supply (5), so that a large part of the air next to the second gas supply (5) flows through the gap. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Mischvorrichtung nach einem der AnsprĆ¼che 1 bis 4, wobei die Mischvorrichtung mit einem GeblƤse mit verƤnderbarer Drehzahl verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antrieb (8) oder der Magnet (10) so angesteuert wird, dass die Klappe unterhalb einer ersten Drehzahl verriegelt und oberhalb einer zweiten Drehzahl entriegelt wird.Method for operating a mixing device according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mixing device is connected to a fan with variable speed, characterized in that the drive (8) or the magnet (10) is driven so that the flap below a first Locked speed and unlocked above a second speed. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die erste und die zweite Drehzahl identisch ist.The method of claim 12, wherein the first and second speeds are identical. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die erste Drehzahl kleiner als die zweite Drehzahl ist.The method of claim 12, wherein the first speed is less than the second speed.
EP13166357.7A 2012-05-15 2013-05-03 Combustible gas-air mixing device Active EP2664849B1 (en)

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US11143399B2 (en) * 2018-05-09 2021-10-12 Paloma Co., Ltd Premixing device and combustion device
EP4056897A1 (en) 2021-03-10 2022-09-14 BDR Thermea Group B.V. Mixing device for a gas heater
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DE102012009628A1 (en) 2013-11-21
EP2664849A3 (en) 2017-03-15

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