EP2662131B1 - Device for emulsification - Google Patents
Device for emulsification Download PDFInfo
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- EP2662131B1 EP2662131B1 EP13401048.7A EP13401048A EP2662131B1 EP 2662131 B1 EP2662131 B1 EP 2662131B1 EP 13401048 A EP13401048 A EP 13401048A EP 2662131 B1 EP2662131 B1 EP 2662131B1
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- Prior art keywords
- emulsifying chamber
- emulsifying
- emulsification
- chamber
- symmetry
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/10—Mixing by creating a vortex flow, e.g. by tangential introduction of flow components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
Definitions
- the invention relates to an emulsifying device having an emulsifying chamber with inflows and outlets for a fluid mixture of at least two fluid fractions to be mixed or dispersed or an emulsion according to claim 1.
- An emulsifying device is used for the fluidic mixing of at least two fluid streams which have no solubility or limited solubility to one another, to form an emulsion.
- An emulsion is a finely dispersed disperse mixture of at least two fluidic phases. In this case, at least one of the phases binds with the formation of droplets as a disperse phase in a common contiguous serving as a matrix carrier phase. The result is a disperse phase in carrier phase mixture.
- Classic examples are oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions.
- An emulsion is considered to be virtually stable over a period of time, i. she only slowly separates.
- Insoluble fluid phases have an interfacial tension which must be overcome upon emulsification by suitable means for introducing energy into the fluid mixture.
- the interfacial tension increases with decreasing droplet size of the disperse phase, i. in an emulsifier with constant energy input, e.g. A stirred tank is as long as a reduction in the droplet size of the disperse phase in the carrier phase, until due to the increasing interfacial energy sets an equilibrium.
- the droplet size in the emulsion can thus be varied by the energy converted in the emulsifier.
- an emulsifying device is different from a dispersing device in which a solid content of invariable particle size is mixed in a liquid.
- Emulsifiers preferably surfactants, are mixed into the fluid phases. They support the emulsification process and stabilize the emulsion by reducing the interfacial tensions of the disperse phases to the carrier phase.
- Known emulsifying devices employ mechanical stirrers for introducing energy into a fluid mixture, by means of which the fluid mixture is not only mixed, but additionally subjected to large shear pulses as homogeneously as possible.
- a first basic design of an emulsifier with mixing vessel with agitator is found, for example, in DE 348 667 ,
- DE-A 23 39 530 discloses with a stirrer having a plurality of serially arranged agitator chambers with blades having an outlet at the last chamber a more recent development for continuously mixing and emulsifying a multi-component mixture.
- Stirrers however, have stirring arms, blades and other moving parts in the mixing areas. Moving parts are not only subject to increased wear, but in principle also provide a source of unwanted contamination. Furthermore, the possibilities of miniaturization and detection of all volume ranges of the stirring chambers are limited.
- EP 0 545 334 B1 shows an example of an emulsifying device for the continuous emulsification of diesel fuel and water, which manages without moving parts.
- the emulsion is formed in a plurality of stages in a plurality of vortex chambers corresponding to one another via nozzles and bores, wherein a rapid change between clamping and relaxing promotes the process.
- vortex chambers in particular in interaction with nozzles cause high and thus favorable shear stresses in the forming emulsion, but increase the likelihood of larger and thus disadvantageous dwell differences Emulsion components in the emulsifier.
- EP 2 123 349 A2 discloses a continuous emulsifier for at least two immiscible fluid fractions which avoids such backmixing. It is proposed to introduce a first fluid tangentially and the second fluid axially into a round mixing chamber. In the mixing chamber, the first fluid flows around the second fluid, whereby shear arises between the two fluids. The fluid mixture begins to emulsify and is passed as an axially rotating emulsion strand axially to an axial outlet and further emulsified in this.
- the latter device requires at least one supply line per fluid fraction directly into the mixing chamber, which could limit a parallel connection of a plurality of emulsifying devices for the purpose of capacity expansion.
- the object of the invention is to propose a continuous emulsifier of the type mentioned, which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and limitations, doing without moving parts, Backmixing avoids and also characterized by a further simplified structure.
- an emulsifying device having at least one tubular emulsifying chamber with two end regions.
- a number of feeds for at least two fluid fractions to be dispersed each having at least one confluence with the emulsifying chamber and at least one orifice from the emulsifying chamber.
- all the junctions are located exclusively in one of the two end regions, while the orifice is preferably positioned in the other end region.
- junctions are technically reacted as at least one confluence for a fluid mixture of two immiscible fluid fractions, which includes both introduction via separate and via common junctions.
- junctions of the fluid fractions are preferably over the circumference of the lateral surface of the emulsification chamber, i. not arranged on the end face in alternating order in one or more planes.
- the emulsifying chamber has a symmetrical about an axis of symmetry cross section between the two end regions. Junctions and / or orifices are aligned askew to the axis of symmetry, which in the flow direction tangentially or at an acute angle to a directly surrounding this tube wall area in the emulsifying chamber or open.
- a helical flow with a helical flow direction around the axis of symmetry thus forms between the inlet and the outlet out.
- the axis of symmetry and the emulsifying chamber have at least one curved region. While the helical flow in a straight emulsifying chamber is exposed to a constant centrifugal force component oriented approximately radially away from the axis of symmetry, this centrifugal force additionally acts in a bend towards a centrifugal force directed radially towards the center of curvature. The two centrifugal forces add up. The volume fractions in the helical flow are exposed in the curvature alone by this no longer a constant centrifugal force, but by the additionally superimposed centrifugal force due to the curvature of a cyclically changing force.
- the flow thus advantageously produces a cyclic change between relaxation and tension and thus introduction of pulsed energy into the fluid mixture.
- the amplitude between relaxation and tension increases with decreasing radius of curvature.
- This dynamics causes in a particularly advantageous manner not only an acceleration of the emulsification, but compared to a non-curved rectilinear emulsification improved recoverability of smaller droplet sizes.
- One possible embodiment of the emulsifying device is characterized in that the symmetry axis is helical. This makes it possible to realize longer curved emulsifying chamber sections and thus a longer effect of a pulsating energy on the fluid mixture.
- longer curved emulsifying chamber sections with small radii of curvature can also be realized with this design.
- the attributable to the curvature centrifugal force components increase with decreasing radius of curvature, ie low radii of curvature advantageously cause an increase in amplitude of the energy input to the volume fractions of the helical flow and thus the effect and speed of the emulsification.
- a further embodiment of the emulsifying apparatus is characterized in that the axis of symmetry has successive bends in different spatial directions and / or the cross section of the emulsifying chamber changes continuously or preferably abruptly (discontinuously) along the symmetry line. These measures generate additional impulses. Directional changes also cause additional directions of action of the energy input and thus discontinuities or disturbances in the cyclic resulting centrifugal forces in the flow. Thus, not only an additional advantageous process acceleration are achieved, but also settled emulsifying interrupted and driven by new directional change, the small size of the droplet sizes in the forming emulsion.
- the emulsification chamber has a round, elliptical, rectangular or square cross-section.
- a round cross-section represents the basic design of an emulsifying chamber.
- the cross-sectional shape corresponds to the extent of the helical flow minus a boundary layer on the Emulgierhuntwandung.
- the helical flow undergoes a special stabilization due to the constant centrifugal force components which radiate constantly from the symmetry axis.
- a circular cross-section with simple prefabricated means can be produced, for example by galvanic deposition around a round material such as a helical or spiral spring with subsequent detachment of the spring from the electrodeposited molded body.
- the round material is preferably due to its simple thermal or chemical removability made of an electrically conductive coated plastic.
- An elliptical cross section of the emulsifying chamber advantageously favors an elliptical helical flow adapted to the cross section. Only by this elliptical shape is a cyclically swelling centrifugal force on the fluid mixture (even without curvature). The effect is basically comparable to that of the centrifugal force acting on the flow by the curvature. However, the frequency of the swelling load is twice as high due to the elliptical cross-sectional shape (two maximum in a 360 ° pass of the helical flow in the ellipse). Together with a curvature, the forces acting on the flow add vectorially and thus their beneficial effects. The emulsification process is accelerated by the resulting dynamics in the aforementioned manner, the achievable droplet size further reduced.
- An angular, preferably rectangular or square cross-section of the emulsifying chamber advantageously promotes improved manufacturability, preferably with a film stack design established in micro process technology.
- the emulsification chamber extends flat on at least one plane, which are preferably formed by films.
- the emulsification chambers and other fluid guides are technically implemented by grooves or breakthroughs in the stacked films.
- the junctions and the openings are preferably also arranged parallel or perpendicular to the planes, wherein the axis of symmetry is arranged on or parallel to a plane.
- An integration as a component in micro-procedural devices is particularly favored by this design.
- the helical flow is not guided by the angular cross-section, but only limited. It forms in a free core region of the cross section preferably as a round or elliptical flow, while the corner regions of the cross section to passive low-flow Form dead zones.
- Embodiments are also conceivable which are characterized in that the emulsifying chamber has tempering means. If the emulsifying chamber is an integral part of a micro process device, the tempering device preferably comprises a microchannel structure with a temperature control medium flowing through it.
- a core is preferably arranged in the emulsifying chamber in its entire length.
- the core is rotationally symmetrical about the symmetry axis and arranged.
- the fluid volume of the emulsifying chamber is reduced to an annular gap volume between the core and the inner wall of the emulsifying chamber.
- the emulsification-promoting process of recurrent tension and relaxation in the helical flow is improved with the aforementioned core in that the annular gap volume has angle-dependent (starting from the line of symmetry) dimensional differences of the clear width and the helical flow has corresponding angle-dependent cross-sectional widenings or reductions.
- a horrsunter Kunststoffe be realized by the fact that the core is either eccentric in the arranged to the axis of symmetry or axial interference profiles such. Have incisions, grooves, flats or steps, the core but otherwise has a preferred rotationally symmetrical cross-section.
- Optional embodiments provide an emulsifying chamber with a variable cross section along the axis of symmetry, which in the axial direction cause back pressures or relaxations in the helical flow.
- the first embodiment acc. Fig.1 schematically shows a tubular emulsifying chamber 1 with a first end portion 2 with junction 3 and a second end portion 4 with orifice 5 and an axis of symmetry 6.
- a mixed fluid flow 7 enters via the confluence with the emulsifying and forms in this a helical flow 8 about the axis of symmetry Direction of the outlet.
- the helical flow extends over the entire emulsifying chamber between the two end regions 2 and 4, wherein the emulsifying chamber has a cross section symmetrical about an axis of symmetry between the two end regions.
- the main inflow direction of the fluid mixture flow 7 into the emulsification chamber preferably runs fluently, ie without a kink or deflection, tangentially into the main flow direction of the helical flow 8 . In doing so, it essentially determines or influences the flow direction of the helical flow in the emulsification chamber.
- the orientation of the orifice 4 for the emulsion stream is preferably oriented tangentially to the main flow direction of the helical flow 8 at the second end region. Consequently, according to these design criteria, the junction and the mouth of the emulsifying chamber discharge into or out of the emulsifying chamber, tangentially or at acute angles to a region of the tube wall immediately surrounding them.
- the tangential to the helical flow provided orientation of the inlet and outlet with the least possible flow deflection favors a possible laminar inlet or outlet of the fluid flow in or out of the emulsifying.
- This measure primarily serves to build and stabilize the helical flow starting from the two end regions.
- This guiding effect can be optionally improved by designing the emulsifying chamber only near the end regions, each with a rotationally symmetrical core (annular gap volume only in the end regions), which tapers from the end regions and preferably ends in a tip.
- the emulsification process is only indirectly influenced by a laminar inflow and outflow through the stable helical flow in the curved regions of the emulsification chamber.
- each one groove 12 each having a preferably semicircular cross-section, each forming a cavity with a round cross section when the discs are placed opposite one another ( 2b ).
- the junction 3 and orifice 5 are preferably introduced by means of drilling (round channel regions) and / or electrical erosion (angular channel regions) into the lower plate 10 according to the aforementioned design criteria.
- 3a to c show in perspective views schematically other embodiments again.
- 3a and b disclose, by way of example, an emulsifying device, wherein the axis of symmetry has successive curvatures 14 in different spatial directions.
- the curvatures are in contrast to those in FIG 3b illustrated embodiment of larger transition radii 15 at.
- the curved portions thus include the curves 14 with the inlet paths.
- 3 c shows an emulsifying device, in which the axis of symmetry is helical and with the longer curvature paths can be realized even with small radii.
- the emulsifying chamber 1 is in the form of a slot-shaped opening 17 in FIG realized a foil which is covered on both sides by the adjacent foils.
- the adjacent films themselves have breakthroughs for the junction 3 and 5 Ausmündung.
- the cross-section of the emulsifying chamber 1 is quadrangular (see sectional view 4b ) .
- the films are bonded together by known methods such as, preferably, by gluing or diffusion bonding.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Emulgiervorrichtung mit einer Emulgierkammer mit Ein- und Ausmündungen für ein Fluidgemisch aus mindestens zwei zu mischende oder zu dispergierende Fluidfraktionen bzw. einer Emulsion gemäß Anspruch 1.The invention relates to an emulsifying device having an emulsifying chamber with inflows and outlets for a fluid mixture of at least two fluid fractions to be mixed or dispersed or an emulsion according to
Eine Emulgiervorrichtung dient der fluidischen Vermischung von mindestens zwei Fluidströmen, die keine oder nur eine begrenzte Löslichkeit zueinander aufweisen, zu einer Emulsion. Eine Emulsion ist eine fein verteilte disperse Mischung von mindestens zwei fluidischen Phasen. Dabei binden sich mindestens eine der Phasen unter Bildung von Tröpfchen als disperse Phase in eine gemeinsame zusammenhängende als Matrix dienende Trägerphase ein. Es entsteht ein disperse Phase in Trägerphase-Gemisch. Klassische Beispiele sind Öl-in-Wasser- oder Wasserin-Öl-Emulsionen. Eine Emulsion gilt über einen Zeitraum als praktisch stabil, d.h. sie entmischt sich nur langsam.An emulsifying device is used for the fluidic mixing of at least two fluid streams which have no solubility or limited solubility to one another, to form an emulsion. An emulsion is a finely dispersed disperse mixture of at least two fluidic phases. In this case, at least one of the phases binds with the formation of droplets as a disperse phase in a common contiguous serving as a matrix carrier phase. The result is a disperse phase in carrier phase mixture. Classic examples are oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions. An emulsion is considered to be virtually stable over a period of time, i. she only slowly separates.
Nicht lösbare Fluidphasen weisen eine Grenzflächenspannung auf, die es bei der Emulgierung mit geeigneten Mitteln zur Einbringung von Energie in das Fluidgemisch zu überwinden gilt. Die Grenzflächenspannung nimmt mit abnehmender Tröpfchengröße der dispersen Phase zu, d.h. in einer Emulgiervorrichtung mit konstanten Energieeintrag, z.B. einem Rührkessel erfolgt solange eine Reduzierung der Tröpfchengröße der dispersen Phase in der Trägerphase, bis sich aufgrund der zunehmenden Grenzflächenenergie ein Gleichgewicht einstellt.Insoluble fluid phases have an interfacial tension which must be overcome upon emulsification by suitable means for introducing energy into the fluid mixture. The interfacial tension increases with decreasing droplet size of the disperse phase, i. in an emulsifier with constant energy input, e.g. A stirred tank is as long as a reduction in the droplet size of the disperse phase in the carrier phase, until due to the increasing interfacial energy sets an equilibrium.
Die Tröpfchengröße in der Emulsion lässt sich folglich durch die in der Emulgiervorrichtung umgesetzten Energie variieren. Damit unterscheidet sich eine Emulgiervorrichtung von einer Dispergiervorrichtung, in der ein Feststoffanteil mit unveränderlicher Partikelgröße in eine Flüssigkeit eingemischt wird.The droplet size in the emulsion can thus be varied by the energy converted in the emulsifier. Thus, an emulsifying device is different from a dispersing device in which a solid content of invariable particle size is mixed in a liquid.
Emulgatoren, vorzugsweise Tenside werden in die Fluidphasen eingemischt. Sie unterstützen den Emulgiervorgang und stabilisieren die Emulsion, indem sie die Grenzflächenspannungen der dispersen Phasen zu der Trägerphase reduzieren.Emulsifiers, preferably surfactants, are mixed into the fluid phases. They support the emulsification process and stabilize the emulsion by reducing the interfacial tensions of the disperse phases to the carrier phase.
Bekannte Emulgiervorrichtungen setzen zur Einbringung von Energie in ein Fluidgemisch mechanische Rührwerke ein, durch die das Fluidgemsich nicht nur gemischt wird, sondern zusätzlich möglichst homogen mit großen Scherimpulsen beaufschlagt wird.Known emulsifying devices employ mechanical stirrers for introducing energy into a fluid mixture, by means of which the fluid mixture is not only mixed, but additionally subjected to large shear pulses as homogeneously as possible.
Eine erste Grundbauform einer Emulgiervorrichtung mit Mischgefäß mit Rührwerk findet sich z.B. in
Rührwerke weisen jedoch Rührarme, -schaufeln und andere bewegliche Teile in den Vermischungsbereichen auf. Bewegliche Teile unterliegen nicht nur einem erhöhten Verschleiß, sondern stellen grundsätzlich auch eine Quelle für ungewollte Kontaminationen dar. Ferner sind die Möglichkeiten einer Miniaturisierung sowie einer Erfassung aller Volumenbereiche der Rührkammern begrenzt.Stirrers, however, have stirring arms, blades and other moving parts in the mixing areas. Moving parts are not only subject to increased wear, but in principle also provide a source of unwanted contamination. Furthermore, the possibilities of miniaturization and detection of all volume ranges of the stirring chambers are limited.
Wirbelkammern, insbesondere im Zusammenspiel mit Düsen bewirken zwar hohe und damit günstige Scherbelastungen in der sich bildenden Emulsion, erhöhen jedoch die Wahrscheinlichkeit von größeren und damit nachteilhaften Verweilzeitunterschieden der Emulsionsbestandteile in der Emulgiervorrichtung.Although vortex chambers, in particular in interaction with nozzles cause high and thus favorable shear stresses in the forming emulsion, but increase the likelihood of larger and thus disadvantageous dwell differences Emulsion components in the emulsifier.
In der
In der letztgenannten Emulsionsvorrichtung erfolgt jedoch der größte Energieeintrag zur Bildung einer Emulsion jedoch unmittelbar bei Beginn des Vorgangs, d.h. mit dem ersten Aufeinandertreffen der Fluidfraktionen. Es erfolgt ein schnelles anfängliches Emulgieren, während in den darauf folgenden Abschnitten, in denen es zu einer weiteren Tropfenzerkleinerung ankommt, eben nur geringere Geschwindigkeitsunterschiede und damit nur geringere Energieeinträge zwischen den Fluidfraktionen auftreten. Aber genau in den fortgeschrittenen Emuligerstadien kommt es auf einen hohen Energieeintrag an, wenn eine weitere Reduzierung der Teilchengröße in der sich bildenden Emulsion stattfinden soll. Die durch Scherung erzeugten Impulse und damit der Energieeintrag nehmen dagegen kontinuierlich ab.However, in the latter emulsifier, the largest energy input to form an emulsion occurs immediately at the beginning of the process, i. with the first meeting of the fluid fractions. There is a rapid initial emulsification, while in the subsequent sections, in which it comes to a further drop comminution, only lower speed differences and thus only lower energy inputs between the fluid fractions occur. But it is precisely in the advanced emuliger stages that a high energy input is important if a further reduction of the particle size in the forming emulsion is to take place. In contrast, the pulses generated by shear and thus the energy input decrease continuously.
Ferner erfordert die letztgenannte Vorrichtung mindestens je eine Zuleitung je Fluidfraktion direkt in die Mischkammer, was eine Parallelschaltung einer Vielzahl von Emulgiervorrichtungen zwecks Kapazitätserweiterung einschränken könnte.Furthermore, the latter device requires at least one supply line per fluid fraction directly into the mixing chamber, which could limit a parallel connection of a plurality of emulsifying devices for the purpose of capacity expansion.
Davon ausgehend liegt die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, eine kontinuierliche Emulgiervorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art vorzuschlagen, welche die vorgenannten Nachteile und Einschränkungen nicht aufweist, dabei ohne bewegte Teile auskommt, Rückvermischung vermeidet und sich zudem durch einen weiter vereinfachten Aufbau auszeichnet.On this basis, the object of the invention is to propose a continuous emulsifier of the type mentioned, which does not have the aforementioned disadvantages and limitations, doing without moving parts, Backmixing avoids and also characterized by a further simplified structure.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale in Anspruch 1 gelöst; die hierauf bezogenen Unteransprüche beinhalten vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen dieser Lösung.This object is solved by the characterizing features in
Zur Lösung der Aufgabe wird eine Emulgiervorrichtung mit mindestens einer rohrförmigen Emulgierkammer mit zwei Endbereichen vorgeschlagen. Eine Anzahl von Zuführungen für mindestens zwei zu dispergierende Fluidfraktionen mit je mindestens einer Einmündung in die Emulgierkammer sowie mindestens eine Ausmündung aus der Emulgierkammer. Vorzugsweise alle Einmündungen befinden sich ausschließlich in einem der beiden Endbereiche, während die Ausmündung bevorzugt im anderen Endbereich positioniert ist.To solve the problem, an emulsifying device having at least one tubular emulsifying chamber with two end regions is proposed. A number of feeds for at least two fluid fractions to be dispersed, each having at least one confluence with the emulsifying chamber and at least one orifice from the emulsifying chamber. Preferably, all the junctions are located exclusively in one of the two end regions, while the orifice is preferably positioned in the other end region.
Die Einmündungen werden technisch als mindestens eine Einmündung für ein Fluidgemisch aus zwei nicht mischbaren Fluidfraktionen umgesetzt, was sowohl eine Einleitung über getrennte wie auch über gemeinsame Einmündungen beinhaltet.The junctions are technically reacted as at least one confluence for a fluid mixture of two immiscible fluid fractions, which includes both introduction via separate and via common junctions.
Ist mehr als eine Einmündung vorgesehen, sind die Einmündungen der Fluidfraktionen vorzugsweise über dem Umfang der Mantelfläche der Emulgierkammer, d.h. nicht auf der Stirnfläche in abwechselnder Reihenfolge in einer oder mehreren Ebene angeordnet.If more than one confluence is provided, the junctions of the fluid fractions are preferably over the circumference of the lateral surface of the emulsification chamber, i. not arranged on the end face in alternating order in one or more planes.
Die Emulgierkammer weist zwischen den beiden Endbereichen einen um eine Symmetrieachse symmetrischen Querschnitt auf. Einmündungen und/oder Ausmündungen sind windschief zur Symmetrieachse ausgerichtet, wobei diese in Strömungsrichtung tangential oder in spitzen Winkel zu einem diesen unmittelbar umgebenden Rohrwandungbereich in die Emulgierkammer aus- bzw. einmünden. In der Emulgierkammer bildet sich damit zwischen Ein- und Ausmündungen eine wendelförmige Strömung mit wendelförmiger Strömungsrichtung um die Symmetrieachse aus.The emulsifying chamber has a symmetrical about an axis of symmetry cross section between the two end regions. Junctions and / or orifices are aligned askew to the axis of symmetry, which in the flow direction tangentially or at an acute angle to a directly surrounding this tube wall area in the emulsifying chamber or open. In the emulsifying chamber, a helical flow with a helical flow direction around the axis of symmetry thus forms between the inlet and the outlet out.
Wesentlich ist, dass die Symmetrieachse und die Emulgierkammer mindestens einen gekrümmten Bereich aufweisen. Während die wendelförmige Strömung in einer geraden Emulgierkammer einer näherungsweise radial von der Symmetrieachse weg orientierten konstanten Zentrifugalkraftkomponente ausgesetzt ist, wirkt auf diese Strömung in einer Krümmung zusätzlich eine radial zum Krümmungsmittelpunkt weg gerichtete Zentrifugalkraft nach außen. Die beiden Zentrifugalkräfte addieren sich. Die Volumenanteile in der wendelförmigen Strömung sind in der Krümmung allein durch diese nicht mehr einer konstanten Zentrifugalkraft, sondern durch die zusätzlich überlagerte Zentrifugalkraft aufgrund der Krümmung einer sich zyklisch wechselnden Krafteinwirkung ausgesetzt. In der Strömung entstehen so in vorteilhafter Weise ein zyklischer Wechsel zwischen einer Entspannung und Anspannung und damit eine Einleitung von gepulster Energie in das Fluidgemisch. Die Amplitude zwischen Entspannung und Anspannung steigt mit abnehmendem Krümmungsradius. Diese Dynamik bewirkt in besonders vorteilhafter Weise nicht nur eine Beschleunigung des Emulgierprozesses, sondern gegenüber einer nicht gebogenen geradlinigen Emulgierkammer verbesserte Erzielbarkeit von geringeren Tröpfchengrößen.It is essential that the axis of symmetry and the emulsifying chamber have at least one curved region. While the helical flow in a straight emulsifying chamber is exposed to a constant centrifugal force component oriented approximately radially away from the axis of symmetry, this centrifugal force additionally acts in a bend towards a centrifugal force directed radially towards the center of curvature. The two centrifugal forces add up. The volume fractions in the helical flow are exposed in the curvature alone by this no longer a constant centrifugal force, but by the additionally superimposed centrifugal force due to the curvature of a cyclically changing force. The flow thus advantageously produces a cyclic change between relaxation and tension and thus introduction of pulsed energy into the fluid mixture. The amplitude between relaxation and tension increases with decreasing radius of curvature. This dynamics causes in a particularly advantageous manner not only an acceleration of the emulsification, but compared to a non-curved rectilinear emulsification improved recoverability of smaller droplet sizes.
Eine mögliche Ausführung der Emulgiervorrichtung kennzeichnet sich dadurch, dass die Symmetrieachse wendelförmig ausgebildet ist. Damit lassen sich längere gekrümmte Emulgierkammerabschnitte und damit eine längere Einwirkung einer pulsierenden Energie auf das Fluidgemisch realisieren. Insbesondere lassen sich mit dieser Ausführung auch längere gekrümmte Emulgierkammerabschnitte mit kleinen Krümmungsradien realisieren. Die auf die Krümmung zurückzuführenden Zentrifugalkraftanteile steigen mit abnehmendem Krümmungsradius, d.h. geringe Krümmungsradien bewirken vorteilhaft eine Amplitudenerhöhung des Energieeintrags auf die Volumenanteile der wendelförmigen Strömung und damit die Wirkung und Geschwindigkeit des Emulgierprozesses.One possible embodiment of the emulsifying device is characterized in that the symmetry axis is helical. This makes it possible to realize longer curved emulsifying chamber sections and thus a longer effect of a pulsating energy on the fluid mixture. In particular, longer curved emulsifying chamber sections with small radii of curvature can also be realized with this design. The attributable to the curvature centrifugal force components increase with decreasing radius of curvature, ie low radii of curvature advantageously cause an increase in amplitude of the energy input to the volume fractions of the helical flow and thus the effect and speed of the emulsification.
Eine weitere Ausführung der Emulgiervorrichtung kennzeichnet sich dadurch, dass die Symmetrieachse aufeinander folgende Krümmungen in verschiedene Raumrichtungen aufweist und/oder der Querschnitt der Emulgierkammer sich kontinuierlich oder bevorzugt abrupt (unstetig) entlang der Symmetrielinie ändert. Diese Maßnahmen bewirken zusätzliche Impulse. Richtungswechsel bewirken zudem zusätzliche Wirkungsrichtungen des Energieeintrags und damit Unstetigkeiten oder Störungen in den zyklischen resultierenden Zentrifugalkräften in der Strömung. Damit werden nicht nur eine zusätzliche vorteilhafte Prozessbeschleunigung erzielt, sondern auch eingeschwungene Emulgierprozesse unterbrochen und durch neue Richtungswechsel die Kleinheit der Tröpfchengrößen in der sich bildenden Emulsion vorangetrieben.A further embodiment of the emulsifying apparatus is characterized in that the axis of symmetry has successive bends in different spatial directions and / or the cross section of the emulsifying chamber changes continuously or preferably abruptly (discontinuously) along the symmetry line. These measures generate additional impulses. Directional changes also cause additional directions of action of the energy input and thus discontinuities or disturbances in the cyclic resulting centrifugal forces in the flow. Thus, not only an additional advantageous process acceleration are achieved, but also settled emulsifying interrupted and driven by new directional change, the small size of the droplet sizes in the forming emulsion.
Zur Ausbildung einer stabilen wendelförmigen Strömung, die auch gegenüber krümmungsbedingten Krafteinwirkungen stabil verläuft, ist neben der vorgenannten Gestaltung der Ein- und/oder Ausmündungen von Vorteil, den Querschnitt der Emulgierkammer um die Symmetrieachse rotationssymmetrisch zu gestalten. Vorzugsweise weist die Emulgierkammer einen runden, elliptischen, rechteckigen oder quadratischen Querschnitt auf.In order to form a stable helical flow, which is also stable with respect to curvature-induced force effects, in addition to the aforementioned design of the inputs and / or orifices advantageous to make the cross section of the emulsifying chamber about the symmetry axis rotationally symmetrical. Preferably, the emulsification chamber has a round, elliptical, rectangular or square cross-section.
Ein runder Querschnitt repräsentiert die Grundbauform einer Emulgierkammer. Die Querschnittform entspricht der Ausdehnung der wendelförmigen Strömung abzüglich einer Grenzschicht an der Emulgierkammerwandung. Die wendelförmige Strömung erfährt aufgrund der konstant radial von der Symmetrieachse ausgehenden konstanten Zentrifugalkraftanteile eine besondere Stabilisierung. Außerdem ist insbesondere ein kreisförmiger Querschnitt mit einfachen vorzugsweise konfektionierten Mitteln herstellbar, z.B. durch galvanische Abscheidung um ein Rundmaterial wie z.B. einer Wendel- oder spiralförmigen Feder mit anschließendem Herauslösen der Feder aus dem galvanisch abgeschiedenen Formkörpers. Das Rundmaterial besteht vorzugsweise aufgrund seiner einfachen thermischen oder chemischen Entfernbarkeit aus einem elektrisch leitfähig beschichteten Kunststoff.A round cross-section represents the basic design of an emulsifying chamber. The cross-sectional shape corresponds to the extent of the helical flow minus a boundary layer on the Emulgierkammerwandung. The helical flow undergoes a special stabilization due to the constant centrifugal force components which radiate constantly from the symmetry axis. In addition, in particular, a circular cross-section with simple prefabricated means can be produced, for example by galvanic deposition around a round material such as a helical or spiral spring with subsequent detachment of the spring from the electrodeposited molded body. The round material is preferably due to its simple thermal or chemical removability made of an electrically conductive coated plastic.
Ein elliptischer Querschnitt der Emulgierkammer begünstigt in vorteilhafter Weise eine an den Querschnitt angepasste elliptische wendelförmige Strömung. Allein durch diese Ellipsenform erfolgt eine zyklisch schwellende Zentrifugalkrafteinwirkung auf das Fluidgemisch (auch ohne Krümmung). Die Wirkung ist grundsätzlich vergleichbar mit der der durch die Krümmung auf die Strömung eingreifenden Zentrifugalkraft. Die Frequenz der schwellenden Belastung ist jedoch aufgrund der elliptischen Querschnittsform doppelt so hoch (zwei Maximal bei einem 360°-Durchlauf der wendelförmigen Strömung in der Ellipse). Zusammen mit einer Krümmung addieren sich die auf die Strömung einwirkenden Kräfte vektoriell und damit deren vorteilhaften Wirkungen. Der Emulgierprozess wird durch die entstandene Dynamik auf vorgenannte Weise beschleunigt, die erzielbare Tröpfchengröße weiter reduziert.An elliptical cross section of the emulsifying chamber advantageously favors an elliptical helical flow adapted to the cross section. Only by this elliptical shape is a cyclically swelling centrifugal force on the fluid mixture (even without curvature). The effect is basically comparable to that of the centrifugal force acting on the flow by the curvature. However, the frequency of the swelling load is twice as high due to the elliptical cross-sectional shape (two maximum in a 360 ° pass of the helical flow in the ellipse). Together with a curvature, the forces acting on the flow add vectorially and thus their beneficial effects. The emulsification process is accelerated by the resulting dynamics in the aforementioned manner, the achievable droplet size further reduced.
Ein eckiger, bevorzugt rechteckiger oder quadratischer Querschnitt der Emulgierkammer begünstigt in vorteilhafter Weise eine verbesserte Herstellbarkeit vorzugsweise mit einer in der Mikroverfahrenstechnik etablierten Folienstapelbauweise. Vorzugsweise erstreckt sich die Emulgierkammer plan auf mindestens eine Ebene, die vorzugsweise durch Folien gebildet werden. Die Emulgierkammern und andere Fluidführungen werden durch Rillen oder Durchbrüche in den gestapelten Folien technisch umgesetzt. Die Einmündungen und die Ausmündungen sind vorzugsweise ebenfalls parallel oder senkrecht zu den Ebenen angeordnet, wobei die Symmetrieachse auf oder parallel zu einer Ebene angeordnet ist. Eine Integration als Komponente in mikroverfahrenstechnischen Vorrichtungen wird durch diese Bauform besonders begünstigt. Die wendelförmige Strömung wird durch den eckigen Querschnitt nicht geführt, sondern nur begrenzt. Sie bildet sich in einem freien Kernbereich des Querschnitts bevorzugt als runde oder elliptische Strömung aus, während die Eckbereiche des Querschnitts zu passiven strömungsarmen Totbereichen ausbilden.An angular, preferably rectangular or square cross-section of the emulsifying chamber advantageously promotes improved manufacturability, preferably with a film stack design established in micro process technology. Preferably, the emulsification chamber extends flat on at least one plane, which are preferably formed by films. The emulsification chambers and other fluid guides are technically implemented by grooves or breakthroughs in the stacked films. The junctions and the openings are preferably also arranged parallel or perpendicular to the planes, wherein the axis of symmetry is arranged on or parallel to a plane. An integration as a component in micro-procedural devices is particularly favored by this design. The helical flow is not guided by the angular cross-section, but only limited. It forms in a free core region of the cross section preferably as a round or elliptical flow, while the corner regions of the cross section to passive low-flow Form dead zones.
Es sind auch Ausführungen denkbar, die sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass die Emulgierkammer Temperierungsmittel aufweist. Ist die Emulgierkammer integraler Bestandteil einer mikroverfahrenstechnischen Vorrichtung, umfasst die Temperierungsvorrichtung vorzugsweise eine Mikrokanalstruktur mit einem durchfließenden Temperiermedium.Embodiments are also conceivable which are characterized in that the emulsifying chamber has tempering means. If the emulsifying chamber is an integral part of a micro process device, the tempering device preferably comprises a microchannel structure with a temperature control medium flowing through it.
Weiter bevorzugt ist in die Emulgierkammer bevorzugt in ihrer gesamten Länge ein Kern angeordnet. Der Kern ist in einer möglichen Ausführung um die Symmetrieachse rotationssymmetrisch gestaltet und angeordnet. Das Fluidvolumen der Emulgierkammer reduziert sich auf ein Ringspaltvolumen zwischen Kern und Innenwandung der Emulgierkammer. Diese Ausführung hat den weiteren Vorteil von zusätzlichen feststehenden Wandungen, womit zu der wendelförmigen Strömung Grenzschichten aufgebaut werden und dabei zusätzliche fluidische Scherbelastungen in die wendelförmige Strömung einbringen.More preferably, a core is preferably arranged in the emulsifying chamber in its entire length. In one possible embodiment, the core is rotationally symmetrical about the symmetry axis and arranged. The fluid volume of the emulsifying chamber is reduced to an annular gap volume between the core and the inner wall of the emulsifying chamber. This embodiment has the further advantage of additional fixed walls, whereby boundary layers are built up to the helical flow and thereby introduce additional fluidic shear loads in the helical flow.
Den die Emulgierung fördernden Prozess der wiederkehrenden Anspannung und Entspannung in der wendelförmigen Strömung wird mit vorgenanntem Kern dadurch verbessert, dass das Ringspaltvolumen winkelabhängige (ausgehend von der Symmetrielinie) Abmessungsunterschiede der lichten Weite aufweist und die wendelförmige Strömung entsprechende winkelabhängige Querschnittserweiterungen oder -reduzierungen aufweist. Diese Amessungsunterschiede werden dadurch realisiert, dass der Kern entweder exzentrisch in der zur Symmetrieachse angeordnet ist oder axiale Störprofile wie z.B. Einschnitte, Rillen, Flachstellen oder Stufen aufweisen, der Kern aber ansonsten einen bevorzugt rotationssymmetrische Querschnitt aufweist.The emulsification-promoting process of recurrent tension and relaxation in the helical flow is improved with the aforementioned core in that the annular gap volume has angle-dependent (starting from the line of symmetry) dimensional differences of the clear width and the helical flow has corresponding angle-dependent cross-sectional widenings or reductions. These Amessungsunterschiede be realized by the fact that the core is either eccentric in the arranged to the axis of symmetry or axial interference profiles such. Have incisions, grooves, flats or steps, the core but otherwise has a preferred rotationally symmetrical cross-section.
Optionale Ausgestaltungen sehen eine Emulgierkammer einen veränderlichen Querschnitt entlang der Symmetrieachse vor, die in axiale Richtung Staudrücke oder Entspannungen in der wendelförmigen Strömung hervorrufen.Optional embodiments provide an emulsifying chamber with a variable cross section along the axis of symmetry, which in the axial direction cause back pressures or relaxations in the helical flow.
Die Erfindung sowie Details dieser werden beispielhaft anhand von Ausführungsformen und folgenden Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen
-
Fig.1 eine prinzipielle perspektive Darstellung einer Emulgierkammer einer ersten Ausführungsform mit Ein- und Ausmündung, -
Fig.2a und b die perspektivische Ansicht bzw. Schnittdarstellung einer technischen Umsetzung der inFig.1 dargestellten ASusfürhungsform, -
Fig.3a bis c jeweils perspektivische Ansichten weiterer Ausführungsformen sowie -
Fig.4a und b eine weitere Ausführungsform in Schichtbausweise.
-
Fig.1 a schematic perspective view of an emulsifying chamber of a first embodiment with inlet and outlet, -
2a and b is the perspective view and sectional view of a technical implementation of the inFig.1 illustrated ASusfürhungsform, -
3a to c respectively perspective views of further embodiments and -
4a and b is another embodiment in a layered construction.
Die erste Ausführungsform gem.
Die Haupteinströmungsrichtung des Fluidgemischstroms 7 in die Emulgierkammer verläuft vorzugsweise fließend, d.h. ohne Knick oder Umlenkung tangential in die Hauptströmungsrichtung der wendelförmigen Strömung 8 ein. Dabei bestimmt oder beeinflusst sie wesentlich die Strömungsrichtung der wendelförmigen Strömung in der Emulgierkammer. Ebenso ist die Ausrichtung der Ausmündung 4 für den Emulsionsstrom vorzugsweise tangential zu der Hauptströmungsrichtung der wendelförmigen Strömung 8 am zweiten Endbereich ausgerichtet. Diesen Auslegungskriterien folgend münden die Einmündung und die Ausmündung Emulgierkammer folglich tangential oder in spitzen Winkel zu einem diesen unmittelbar umgebenden Rohrwandungbereich in die bzw. aus der Emulgierkammer aus- bzw. ein.The main inflow direction of the
Die tangential zur wendelförmigen Strömung vorgesehene Ausrichtung der Ein- und Ausmündung mit möglichst geringer Strömungsumlenkung begünstigt eine möglichst eine laminare Ein- bzw. Ausleitung des Fluidstroms in die bzw. aus der Emulgierkammer. Diese Maßnahme dient primär dem Aufbau und der Stabilisierung der wendelförmigen Strömung ausgehend von den beiden Endbereichen. Dieser Führungseffekt ist optional verbesserbar, indem die Emulgierkammer nur nahe der Endbereiche jeweils mit einem rotationssymmetrischen Kern ausgestaltet ist (Ringspaltvolumen nur in den Endbereichen), der sich von den Endbereichen hinweg verjüngt und vorzugsweise in einer Spitze endet. Der Emulgierprozess wird zwar durch eine laminare Ein- und Ausströmung nur mittelbar durch die stabile wendelförmige Strömung in den gekrümmten Bereichen der Emulgierkammer.The tangential to the helical flow provided orientation of the inlet and outlet with the least possible flow deflection favors a possible laminar inlet or outlet of the fluid flow in or out of the emulsifying. This measure primarily serves to build and stabilize the helical flow starting from the two end regions. This guiding effect can be optionally improved by designing the emulsifying chamber only near the end regions, each with a rotationally symmetrical core (annular gap volume only in the end regions), which tapers from the end regions and preferably ends in a tip. Although the emulsification process is only indirectly influenced by a laminar inflow and outflow through the stable helical flow in the curved regions of the emulsification chamber.
Ausgehend von bevorzugt zwei runden Scheiben (untere Scheibe 10, obere Scheibe 11) werden in jede eine Rille 12 jeweils mit vorzugsweise halbrunden Querschnitt eingedreht, die bei einem Aufeinanderlegen der Scheiben jeweils gegenüberliegend einen Hohlraum mit runden Querschnitt bilden (
Eine beispielhafte Ausführungsform in Schichtbauweise mit gestapelten strukturierten Einzelfolien 16 zeigen
- 11
- Emulgierkammeremulsifying
- 22
- erster Endbereichfirst end area
- 33
- Einmündungjunction
- 44
- zweiter Endbereichsecond end area
- 55
- Ausmündungorifice
- 66
- Symmetrieachseaxis of symmetry
- 77
- FluidgemischstromFluid mixture stream
- 88th
- wendelförmige Strömunghelical flow
- 99
- Emulsionsstromemulsion stream
- 1010
- Untere ScheibeLower disc
- 1111
- Obere ScheibeUpper disc
- 1212
- Rillegroove
- 1313
- Schnittflächesection
- 1414
- Krümmungcurvature
- 1515
- ÜbergangsradiusTransition radius
- 1616
- EinzelfolieSingle sheet
- 1717
- Durchbruchbreakthrough
Claims (9)
- Device for emulsification comprisinga) a tubular emulsifying chamber (1) with a tube wall and two end regions (2, 4) for a helical flow (8) with a helical flow direction,b) at least one inlet (3) for a fluid mixture of two non-mixable fluid fractions into the emulsifying chamber at the first end region (2) andc) at least one outlet (5) for the fluid mixture out of the emulsifying chamber at the second end region (4)
whereind) the emulsifying chamber (1) exhibits between the two end regions (2, 4) a cross-section symmetrical about an axis of symmetry (6), wherein the outlets (5) and the inlets (3) in the flow direction open, tangentially or at an acute angle to an immediately surrounding pipe wall region, into or out of the emulsifying chamber, whereine) the axis of symmetry (6) and the emulsifying chamber (1) comprise at least one curved region, andf) the inlets (3) and outlets (45) are arranged skewed to the axis of symmetry (6), characterised in that the device for emulsification is realised without moving parts. - Device for emulsification according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of the emulsifying chamber (1) is rotationally symmetrical about the axis of symmetry.
- Device for emulsification according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of the emulsifying chamber (1) exhibits an elliptical cross-section.
- Device for emulsification according to claim 1, characterised in that the cross-section of the emulsifying chamber (1) is rectangular or square.
- Device for emulsification according to claim 4, characterised in that the emulsifying chamber (1), the inlets (3), and the outlets (5) are arranged in planes, wherein the axis of symmetry (6) is arranged on or parallel to a plane.
- Device for emulsification according to claim 5, characterised in that the planes are formed by stacked films (16) with grooves or film passage apertures (17) as fluid guides.
- Device for emulsification according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a core is arranged in the emulsifying chamber (1) in its entire length, wherein the emulsifying chamber comprises an annular gap volume.
- Device for emulsification according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the emulsifying chamber (1) comprises a changing cross-section.
- Device for emulsification according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the emulsifying chamber (1) comprises temperature adjustment means.
Priority Applications (1)
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PL13401048T PL2662131T3 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-05-07 | Device for emulsification |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102012104053A DE102012104053B3 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | emulsifying |
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EP2662131A2 EP2662131A2 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
EP2662131A3 EP2662131A3 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
EP2662131B1 true EP2662131B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
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EP (1) | EP2662131B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2815228A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102012104053B3 (en) |
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PL (1) | PL2662131T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE348667C (en) * | 1913-11-25 | 1922-02-14 | Emilio Fiorini | Mixing and emulsifying device |
DE1642794A1 (en) * | 1967-06-16 | 1971-04-29 | Stockhausen & Cie Chem Fab | Device for mixing Trueben and Schleemmen with solutions of flocculants |
US3807703A (en) * | 1972-10-12 | 1974-04-30 | Usm Corp | Mixer-emulsators |
FR2339430A1 (en) * | 1976-02-02 | 1977-08-26 | Cem Comp Electro Mec | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE LIQUIDS, MISCIBLE OR NON-MISCIBLE |
US4126425A (en) * | 1977-06-15 | 1978-11-21 | Hatch Associates Ltd. | Gas mixer for sublimation purposes |
US4234349A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1980-11-18 | Davies Hamakua Sugar Co., A Division Of Theo. H. Davies, Ltd. | Apparatus for the purification of evaporated sugar solutions |
US4345841A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1982-08-24 | Geosource Inc. | Multi-stage centrifugal mixer |
DE4139782C2 (en) * | 1991-12-03 | 1994-05-19 | Roland Steinmaier | Emulsifying device for emulsifying diesel fuel and water |
DE19628427A1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-01-22 | Dorstener Maschf Ag | Metal powder, esp. aluminium, dispersal unit for use in porous concrete prodn. |
US7485454B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2009-02-03 | Bioprocessors Corp. | Microreactor |
US8376053B2 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2013-02-19 | Premium Artificial Lift Systems Ltd. | Fluid flow conduit, method and use |
JP5172294B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2013-03-27 | 佳和 福井 | Muddy water purification device |
JP4798174B2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2011-10-19 | 株式会社日立プラントテクノロジー | Emulsifying device |
WO2010047168A1 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-29 | 旭有機材工業株式会社 | Spiral fluid mixer and device using spiral fluid mixer |
WO2011136295A1 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | 株式会社多自然テクノワークス | Micro-bubble generator and micro-bubble generation device using same |
-
2012
- 2012-05-09 DE DE102012104053A patent/DE102012104053B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-05-07 PL PL13401048T patent/PL2662131T3/en unknown
- 2013-05-07 EP EP13401048.7A patent/EP2662131B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-05-07 DK DK13401048.7T patent/DK2662131T3/en active
- 2013-05-08 CA CA2815228A patent/CA2815228A1/en not_active Abandoned
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PL2662131T3 (en) | 2017-06-30 |
EP2662131A2 (en) | 2013-11-13 |
DE102012104053B3 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
CA2815228A1 (en) | 2013-11-09 |
DK2662131T3 (en) | 2017-01-16 |
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