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EP2656150B1 - Assembly process of a component which does not have a plastic domain - Google Patents

Assembly process of a component which does not have a plastic domain Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2656150B1
EP2656150B1 EP11787857.9A EP11787857A EP2656150B1 EP 2656150 B1 EP2656150 B1 EP 2656150B1 EP 11787857 A EP11787857 A EP 11787857A EP 2656150 B1 EP2656150 B1 EP 2656150B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aperture
opening
flared portion
assembly method
assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11787857.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2656150A2 (en
Inventor
Thierry Conus
Marco Verardo
Igor Saglini
Frédéric Kohler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Original Assignee
ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse filed Critical ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Priority to EP11787857.9A priority Critical patent/EP2656150B1/en
Publication of EP2656150A2 publication Critical patent/EP2656150A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2656150B1 publication Critical patent/EP2656150B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G04B13/022—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft with parts made of hard material, e.g. silicon, diamond, sapphire, quartz and the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/14—Mainsprings; Bridles therefor
    • G04B1/145—Composition and manufacture of the springs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G04B13/021—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots elastic fitting with a spindle, axis or shaft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G04B17/325—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton for fastening the hairspring in a fixed position, e.g. using a block
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G04B17/34—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton for fastening the hairspring onto the balance
    • G04B17/345—Details of the spiral roll
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D1/00—Gripping, holding, or supporting devices
    • G04D1/0007—Gripping, holding, or supporting devices for assembly entirely by hand
    • G04D1/0042—Gripping, holding, or supporting devices for assembly entirely by hand tools for setting, riveting or pressing, e.g. nippers for this purpose
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D3/00—Watchmakers' or watch-repairers' machines or tools for working materials
    • G04D3/04—Devices for placing bearing jewels, bearing sleeves, or the like in position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49579—Watch or clock making
    • Y10T29/49581—Watch or clock making having arbor, pinion, or balance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an assembly of a part whose material does not comprise a plastic field with a member comprising another type of material.
  • Document CH 700 260 gives an example of a current assembly. It discloses a rocker mounted elastically and then stuck on a tree.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing a glueless assembly capable of securing a part whose material does not include a plastic field with a member comprising a ductile material such as, for example, a metal or a metal alloy.
  • This method advantageously makes it possible to radially fasten the member and the workpiece without any axial force being applied to the workpiece. Indeed, advantageously according to the invention, only a radial elastic deformation is applied to the workpiece. Finally, such a method makes it possible to secure the whole piece - organ by adapting to the manufacturing dispersions of the various constituents.
  • the invention relates to an assembly and its method for joining a fragile material, that is to say not having a plastic domain such as a material based on silicon, with a ductile material such as a metal or a metal alloy.
  • This assembly was designed for applications in the watchmaking field. However, other areas can be perfectly imagined such as aeronautics, jewelery, automotive and tableware.
  • this assembly is made necessary by the growing share of fragile materials such as those based on silicon, quartz, corundum or more generally ceramic.
  • fragile materials such as those based on silicon, quartz, corundum or more generally ceramic.
  • the invention relates to an assembly between an axially extending member made of a first material, for example ductile such as steel, in the opening of a part made of a second material that does not include a domain.
  • plastic as a silicon-based material, by deformation of a portion of the member which is mounted in the opening of said piece.
  • said member comprises a radially flaring portion and elastically and plastically deformed in order to clamp radially the wall of said part surrounding the opening by biasing its elastic deformation means to non-destructively fasten the assembly for said part.
  • the outer wall of the radially flaring portion of the member present in the opening is substantially of corresponding shape to the opening of the part in order to exert a radial stress. substantially uniformly on the wall of the room surrounding said opening. Indeed, during the research carried out, it appeared preferable that the flared portion of the member present in the opening evenly distribute the radial stresses induced by its deformation on the wall of the room surrounding the opening.
  • the opening in the fragile part is circular, it is preferable that the outer wall of the flared part of the member present in the opening is in substantially continuous cylinder shape, that is to say without radial slot or axial opening, to avoid localized stresses on part of the wall of the room surrounding the opening which are suitable for initiating break points.
  • the shape of the opening in the fragile part may differ in being, for example, asymmetrical in order to avoid relative displacements between the elements of the assembly.
  • Such an asymmetric opening can thus be, for example, substantially elliptical.
  • the flared portion of the member present in the opening with a shape corresponding to the opening can be interpreted, if the section of the opening is circular, as a solid disc whose outer wall is continuous, c that is to say without groove or more generally material discontinuity.
  • the corresponding shape of the flared part of the member present in the opening thus makes it possible, by elastic and plastic deformation, to generating only substantially uniform radial stress on a maximized surface of the wall of the workpiece around the opening.
  • the piece comprises perforations forming elastic deformation means which are distributed around and away from its opening and which are intended to absorb said radial forces to restore them once the stress of the tools released in order to, in the end, fasten the assembly non-destructively for said part.
  • the anchor 1 as an example comprises two assemblies 2, 12 according to the invention intended respectively to secure the stinger 7 and the member, here a pivot axis 17, with its rod 5.
  • each assembly 2, 12 comprises a radially flaring portion 4, 14, substantially discoidal shaped with the stinger 7 or the member 17 and cooperating with the rod 5 of the anchor 1.
  • each assembly 2, 12 comprises perforations 6, 16 made in the rod 5 around an opening 8, 18 and which are intended to form elastic deformation means. It is therefore understood that the assembly 2, 12 is sufficiently strong not to generate relative movements between its components.
  • the escape wheel 3, and more generally the mobile 3, comprises, by way of example, an assembly 22 intended to secure the member, here a pivot axis 27, with the body 25 of the wheel 3.
  • the assembly 22 comprises a radially flaring portion 24, substantially discoidal in shape with the member 27 and cooperating with the body 25 of the wheel 3.
  • the assembly 22 comprises cut-outs 26 made in the hub around an opening 28 of the wheel 3 and which are intended to form elastic deformation means.
  • the example of the assembly 22 can be applied to any type of mobile.
  • the member 27 may comprise, in addition to the flared portion 24, in one piece a pinion to form the finished mobile.
  • Cut-outs 66 are formed in ferrule 63 of hairspring 61 and a disc-shaped portion 64 formed integrally with member 67 is mounted in aperture 68 of ferrule 63, similarly to the explanations above.
  • FIG. 3 to 8 Examples of openwork are presented to Figures 3 to 8 .
  • the perforations are formed at a distance and around the opening by two series of diamond-shaped holes distributed in a staggered manner to form beams divided into V secants.
  • the figure 3 is a representation of the perforations 6, 16, 26, 66 of figures 1 and 2 .
  • the latter shows cutouts 26 which, preferably, completely cross the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material.
  • the perforations 26 are distributed at a distance and around the opening 28 formed, preferably, also completely through in the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material.
  • the perforations 26 form a first series of holes 31, furthest from the opening 28, and a second series of holes 33 which are diamond-shaped and distributed in staggered rows.
  • the perforations 31, 33 thus form V-shaped beams 32 which are intersecting with each other.
  • the perforations 26 take up the first and second series of holes 31, 33 with, in addition, a third series which, formed of holes 35 in the form of a triangle, is located between the first two series and the opening 28, c' that is to say the closest to the opening 28.
  • the third set of holes 35 is staggered with one of the first two sets to form beams 34 distributed in intersecting X's.
  • the cut-outs 26 "repeat the cut-outs 26 'of the figure 4 with, in addition, slots 36 for communicating the third set of holes 35 with the opening 28.
  • the series of holes 31, 33 and 35 and the slots 36 are used to form elastic deformation means capable of absorbing radial stresses, that is to say forces exerted from the center of the opening 28 to the wall of the body 25 surrounding said circular opening.
  • the two or three series may be more or less close to each other and / or different shapes and / or different dimensions depending on the desired maximum displacement and the desired stress to deform the beams 32, 34.
  • FIG. 5 For example, an alternative of the figure 5 is presented to the figure 6 . It can be seen that the cut-outs 26 '"are similar to those 26" of the figure 5 however, the three sets of holes are spaced apart from each other. In addition, it is visible that the shapes and dimensions of both holes and slots are different. So we understand that the alternative of figure 6 modifies the rigidity of the elastic deformation means in the brittle material.
  • the cut-outs 26, 26 ', 26 ", 26"' extend over a width of between 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m from the wall of the body 25 surrounding the opening 28.
  • the slots 36 are between 15 microns and 40 microns.
  • the section of the opening 28 is between 0.5 and 2 mm.
  • the perforations are formed at a distance and around the opening by a first series of oblong holes distributed in staggered rows with a second series of triangular shaped holes, the second series being the closest to the circular opening, each form hole triangular communicating with the opening by a notch to form radially movable beams according to the thickness of the oblong holes.
  • the figure 7 shows cutouts 46 which, preferably, completely cross the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material.
  • the perforations 46 are distributed at a distance and around the opening 28 formed, preferably, also completely through in the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material.
  • the perforations 46 form a first series of oblong holes 51 and a second series of holes 53 of triangular shape. According to the second embodiment, the two sets of holes 51, 53 are distributed in staggered rows.
  • each hole 53 of triangular shape communicates with the opening 28 by a notch 57. It can be seen at figure 7 that the perforations 46 thus form substantially trapezoidal beams 52 which are separated from each other by the notches 57. It is also noted that each beam 52 is centered on an oblong hole 51 which makes each beam 52 mobile radially according to the thickness an oblong hole 51.
  • the openwork 46 'reproduce the cut-outs 46 of the figure 7 with, in addition, a third series of holes 55 in the form of a triangle.
  • each hole 55 of the third series is distributed between two holes 53 of triangular shape of the second series and communicates with the opening 28 by a slot 56.
  • the perforations 46 'thus form beams 54 with two independent arms symmetrical and substantially L-shaped which are movable radially according to the thickness of the holes 51 oblong and tangentially according to the thickness of slots 56 and notches 57.
  • the two or three series may be more or less close to each other and / or different shapes and / or different dimensions depending on the desired maximum travel and the desired stress for deform the beams 52, 54.
  • the slots 56 and the notches 57 are between 15 ⁇ m. and 40 ⁇ m.
  • the section of the opening 28 is between 0.5 and 2 mm.
  • a first step consists in forming the part 3 in a material having no plastic domain with an opening 28 and perforations 26 distributed around the opening 28 intended to form elastic deformation means according to, for example, for example, the embodiments explained above.
  • the opening 28 has a section e 1 and the perforations 26 include in particular holes of section e 2 .
  • Such a step can be carried out by etching in dry or wet form, such as, for example, a deep reactive ion etching (also known as the English abbreviation "DRIE").
  • DRIE deep reactive ion etching
  • the method consists in forming the axially extending member, a pivot axis 27 in the example of the Figures 9 to 11 , in a second material with a main section e 3 and a radially flared portion 24 intended to be deformed with a maximum section e 4 .
  • the portion 24 may have a thickness between 100 and 300 microns.
  • the second step can be performed according to the usual processes for producing axes.
  • the member 27 is preferably metallic and may, for example, be formed of steel.
  • the first two steps have no consecutivity to respect and can even be performed at the same time.
  • the flared portion 24 is introduced without contact into the opening 28. This means as visible at the figure 10 that the section e 1 of the opening 28 is greater than or equal to the outer section e 4 of the flared portion 24 of the member 27.
  • the difference between the section e 1 of the opening 28 and the outer section e 4 of the flared portion 24 is about 10 ⁇ m, that is to say a gap of about 5 ⁇ m which separates the body 25 of the piece 3 with respect to the flared portion 24 of the member 27.
  • the flared portion 24 and, incidentally, the member 27, is held in the opening 28 with a 21 of the tools 20, 21 used for the deformation step.
  • the tool 21 comprises a recess 29 intended to receive a part of the member 27.
  • the method comprises a fourth step of elastically and plastically deforming the flared portion 24 of the member 27 by bringing the tools 20, 21 in the axial direction A in order to exert a uniform radial stress B against the wall of the part 3 surrounding the opening 28 by biasing the means of elastic deformation of the part 3, that is to say the cut-outs 26.
  • the deformation is parameterized so that the tightening is greater than the gap between the undeformed flared portion 24 and the wall of the body 25 surrounding the opening 28.
  • the tightening is between 8 and 20 ⁇ m.
  • the elastic and plastic deformation of the flared portion 24 exerts the elastic deformation of the body 25 around the opening 28 in order to secure together the member 27 and therefore its flared portion 24 deformed, with the body 25 of the wheel 3 as visible to the figure 11 .
  • this embodiment allows in particular an automatic centering of the entire body 27 - body 25.
  • the perforations 26 comprise a section referenced e 5 and no longer e 2 .
  • no axial force by definition likely to be destructive
  • a radial elastic deformation is applied to the body 25.
  • the use of the radially flared portion 24 allows, during the radial deformation B of the flared portion 24, to exert a uniform stress on a maximized surface of the wall of the body 25 around the opening 28 to prevent any breakage of the wheel 3 of fragile material and adapt to the manufacturing dispersions of the various elements.
  • the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art.
  • the perforations of the piece of fragile material may comprise more or fewer series of holes than the modes of realization presented above.
  • the presented embodiments are capable of being combined with one another according to the intended applications.
  • the radially flared portion 24 may also comprise a different geometry in order to optimize or "program" the deformation towards the body 25. It may be, for example, considered to minimize or locally increase the thickness of the flared portion 24 in order to favor one direction of deformation with respect to the other in the direction B. For example, it is thus possible to make a conical recess and coaxial with the member 27 to facilitate the radial orientation B but also to make the progressive induced stress.
  • the figures 1 and 2 have applications for an exhaust system such as the anchor 1 and the escape wheel 3 or a hairspring 61 of a watch movement.
  • an exhaust system such as the anchor 1 and the escape wheel 3 or a hairspring 61 of a watch movement.
  • the present assembly 2, 12, 22, 62 can be applied to other elements.
  • the assembly 2, 12, 22, 62 according to the invention can also allow the joining of any type of watchmaking member or not whose body is formed of a material having no plastic field (silicon, quartz, etc.) with an axis such as, for example, a resonator of the type tuning fork or more generally a MEMS (acronym from the English term "Micro-Electro-Mechanical System").

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à un assemblage d'une pièce dont le matériau ne comporte pas de domaine plastique avec un organe comportant un autre type de matériau.The invention relates to an assembly of a part whose material does not comprise a plastic field with a member comprising another type of material.

Arrière-plan de l'inventionBackground of the invention

Les assemblages actuels comportant une pièce à base de silicium sont généralement solidarisés par collage. Une telle opération nécessite une extrême finesse d'application ce qui la rend coûteuse.Current assemblies comprising a silicon-based part are generally bonded together. Such an operation requires extreme finesse of application which makes it expensive.

Le document CH 700 260 donne un exemple d'assemblage actuel. Il divulgue un balancier monté élastiquement puis collé sur un arbre.Document CH 700 260 gives an example of a current assembly. It discloses a rocker mounted elastically and then stuck on a tree.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier tout ou partie les inconvénients cités précédemment en proposant un assemblage sans colle capable de solidariser une pièce dont le matériau ne comporte pas de domaine plastique avec un organe comportant un matériau ductile comme, par exemple, un métal ou un alliage métallique.The object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above by proposing a glueless assembly capable of securing a part whose material does not include a plastic field with a member comprising a ductile material such as, for example, a metal or a metal alloy.

A cet effet, l'invention se rapporte à un procédé d'assemblage d'un organe s'étendant axialement en un premier matériau dans une pièce en un deuxième matériau ne comprenant pas de domaine plastique, ledit procédé comportant les étapes suivantes :

  1. a) former la pièce avec une ouverture et des ajourages distribués autour de l'ouverture destinés à former des moyens de déformation élastique ;
  2. b) introduire sans contrainte, dans l'ouverture, une partie évasée radialement dudit organe ;
  3. c) déformer élastiquement et plastiquement la partie évasée dudit organe dans l'ouverture par rapprochement axial de deux outils respectivement au niveau des parties supérieure et inférieure de ladite partie évasée afin d'exercer une contrainte radiale contre la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture en sollicitant lesdits moyens de déformation élastique de la pièce pour permettre de solidariser l'assemblage de manière non destructive pour ladite pièce.
For this purpose, the invention relates to a method for assembling an axially extending member made of a first material in a part made of a second material that does not comprise a plastic field, said method comprising the following steps:
  1. a) forming the part with an opening and cut-outs distributed around the opening to form elastic deformation means;
  2. b) introducing without constraint, in the opening, a flared portion radially of said member;
  3. c) elastically and plastically deforming the flared portion of said member in the opening by axial approximation of two tools respectively at the upper and lower portions of said flared portion in order to exert a radial stress against the wall of the part surrounding the opening by soliciting said elastic deformation means of the workpiece to allow the assembly to be non-destructively joined to said workpiece.

Ce procédé permet avantageusement de solidariser radialement l'organe et la pièce sans qu'aucun effort axial ne soit appliqué sur la pièce. En effet, de manière avantageuse selon l'invention, seule une déformation élastique radiale est appliquée sur la pièce. Enfin, un tel procédé permet de solidariser l'ensemble pièce - organe en s'adaptant aux dispersions de fabrication des différents constituants.This method advantageously makes it possible to radially fasten the member and the workpiece without any axial force being applied to the workpiece. Indeed, advantageously according to the invention, only a radial elastic deformation is applied to the workpiece. Finally, such a method makes it possible to secure the whole piece - organ by adapting to the manufacturing dispersions of the various constituents.

Conformément à d'autres caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention :

  • la paroi externe de la partie évasée dudit organe dans l'ouverture est sensiblement de forme correspondante à l'ouverture de la pièce afin d'exercer une contrainte radiale sensiblement uniforme sur la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture ;
  • l'ouverture de la pièce est circulaire ;
  • l'ouverture de la pièce est asymétrique afin d'éviter les déplacements relatifs entre les éléments dudit assemblage ;
  • lors de l'étape b), la différence entre la section de l'ouverture circulaire et la section externe de la partie évasée dudit organe dans l'ouverture est d'environ 10 µm ;
  • lors de l'étape c), la déformation exerce un serrage compris entre 8 et 20 µm ;
  • lors des étapes b) et c), la partie évasée de l'organe dans l'ouverture est maintenue dans l'ouverture à l'aide d'un des deux outils ;
  • le deuxième matériau est formé à base de silicium ;
  • le premier matériau est formé à base de métal ou d'alliage métallique ;
  • la pièce peut être, par exemple, un mobile d'horlogerie, une ancre d'horlogerie, un spiral d'horlogerie, un résonateur ou encore un MEMS.
According to other advantageous features of the invention:
  • the outer wall of the flared portion of said member in the opening is substantially of a shape corresponding to the opening of the part in order to exert a substantially uniform radial stress on the wall of the part surrounding the opening;
  • the opening of the room is circular;
  • the opening of the part is asymmetrical in order to avoid relative displacements between the elements of said assembly;
  • during step b), the difference between the section of the circular opening and the external section of the flared portion of said member in the opening is about 10 microns;
  • during step c), the deformation exerts a tightening of between 8 and 20 μm;
  • during steps b) and c), the flared portion of the member in the opening is held in the opening with one of the two tools;
  • the second material is formed based on silicon;
  • the first material is formed of metal or metal alloy;
  • the piece may be, for example, a watch mobile, a watch anchor, a watch winder, a resonator or a MEMS.

Description sommaire des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

D'autres particularités et avantages ressortiront clairement de la description qui en est faite ci-après, à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique partielle d'un mouvement horloger comportant trois assemblages selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique partielle d'un spiral horloger comportant un quatrième assemblage selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 3 à 6 sont des vues de variantes selon un premier mode de réalisation de moyens de déformation élastique selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 7 et 8 sont des vues de variantes selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de moyens de déformation élastique selon l'invention ;
  • les figures 9 à 11 sont des représentations schématiques d'étapes successives du procédé d'assemblage selon l'invention.
Other particularities and advantages will emerge clearly from the description which is given hereinafter, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a partial schematic view of a watch movement comprising three assemblies according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a partial schematic view of a watch hairspring comprising a fourth assembly according to the invention;
  • the Figures 3 to 6 are views of variants according to a first embodiment of elastic deformation means according to the invention;
  • the Figures 7 and 8 are views of variants according to a second embodiment of elastic deformation means according to the invention;
  • the Figures 9 to 11 are schematic representations of successive steps of the assembly method according to the invention.

Description détaillée des modes de réalisation préférésDetailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

Comme expliqué ci-dessus, l'invention se rapporte à un assemblage et son procédé destinés à solidariser un matériau fragile, c'est-à-dire ne comportant pas de domaine plastique comme un matériau à base de silicium, avec un matériau ductile comme un métal ou un alliage métallique.As explained above, the invention relates to an assembly and its method for joining a fragile material, that is to say not having a plastic domain such as a material based on silicon, with a ductile material such as a metal or a metal alloy.

Cet assemblage a été imaginé pour des applications dans le domaine horloger. Toutefois, d'autres domaines peuvent parfaitement être imaginés comme notamment l'aéronautique, la bijouterie, l'automobile ou les arts de la table.This assembly was designed for applications in the watchmaking field. However, other areas can be perfectly imagined such as aeronautics, jewelery, automotive and tableware.

Dans le domaine horloger, cet assemblage est rendu nécessaire par la part croissante que tiennent les matériaux fragiles comme ceux à base de silicium, de quartz, de corindon ou plus généralement de céramique. On peut à titre d'exemple envisager de former le spiral, le balancier, l'ancre, les ponts ou même les mobiles comme les roues d'échappement totalement ou partiellement à base de matériaux fragiles.In the field of watchmaking, this assembly is made necessary by the growing share of fragile materials such as those based on silicon, quartz, corundum or more generally ceramic. One can for example consider forming the hairspring, the balance, the anchor, bridges or even mobiles such as exhaust wheels totally or partially based on fragile materials.

Toutefois, le fait de toujours pouvoir utiliser des axes habituels en acier dont la fabrication est maîtrisée, est une contrainte qui est difficile à concilier avec l'utilisation de pièces ne comportant pas de domaine plastique. En effet, lors de tests effectués, le chassage d'un axe en acier est impossible et brise systématiquement les pièces fragiles, c'est-à-dire ne comportant pas de domaine plastique. Par exemple, il est apparu que le cisaillement généré par l'entrée de l'axe métallique dans l'ouverture d'une pièce en silicium brise systématique cette dernière.However, the fact of always being able to use usual steel axes whose production is controlled, is a constraint that is difficult to reconcile with the use of parts that do not include a plastic field. Indeed, during tests carried out, the driving of a steel shaft is impossible and systematically breaks the fragile parts, that is to say not having a plastic field. For example, it has been found that the shear generated by the entry of the metal axis into the opening of a silicon part breaks the latter systematically.

C'est pourquoi, l'invention se rapporte à un assemblage entre un organe s'étendant axialement en un premier matériau, par exemple ductile comme l'acier, dans l'ouverture d'une pièce en un deuxième matériau ne comportant pas de domaine plastique, comme un matériau à base de silicium, par déformation d'une partie de l'organe qui est montée dans l'ouverture de ladite pièce.This is why the invention relates to an assembly between an axially extending member made of a first material, for example ductile such as steel, in the opening of a part made of a second material that does not include a domain. plastic, as a silicon-based material, by deformation of a portion of the member which is mounted in the opening of said piece.

Selon l'invention, ledit organe comporte une partie évasée radialement et déformée élastiquement et plastiquement afin de serrer radialement la paroi de ladite pièce entourant l'ouverture en sollicitant ses moyens de déformation élastique pour solidariser l'assemblage de manière non destructive pour ladite pièce.According to the invention, said member comprises a radially flaring portion and elastically and plastically deformed in order to clamp radially the wall of said part surrounding the opening by biasing its elastic deformation means to non-destructively fasten the assembly for said part.

De plus, de manière préférée, la paroi externe de la partie évasée radialement de l'organe présente dans l'ouverture est sensiblement de forme correspondante à l'ouverture de la pièce afin d'exercer une contrainte radiale sensiblement uniforme sur la paroi de la pièce entourant ladite ouverture. En effet, lors des recherches effectuées, il est apparu préférable que la partie évasée de l'organe présente dans l'ouverture répartisse de manière uniforme les contraintes radiales induites par sa déformation sur la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture.In addition, preferably, the outer wall of the radially flaring portion of the member present in the opening is substantially of corresponding shape to the opening of the part in order to exert a radial stress. substantially uniformly on the wall of the room surrounding said opening. Indeed, during the research carried out, it appeared preferable that the flared portion of the member present in the opening evenly distribute the radial stresses induced by its deformation on the wall of the room surrounding the opening.

Par conséquent, si l'ouverture dans la pièce fragile est circulaire, il est préférable que la paroi externe de la partie évasée de l'organe présente dans l'ouverture soit en forme sensiblement de cylindre continu, c'est-à-dire sans fente radiale ou ajourage axial, pour éviter les contraintes localisées sur une partie de la paroi de la pièce entourant l'ouverture qui sont propres à amorcer des points de rupture.Therefore, if the opening in the fragile part is circular, it is preferable that the outer wall of the flared part of the member present in the opening is in substantially continuous cylinder shape, that is to say without radial slot or axial opening, to avoid localized stresses on part of the wall of the room surrounding the opening which are suitable for initiating break points.

Bien entendu, la forme de l'ouverture dans la pièce fragile peut différer en étant, par exemple, asymétrique afin d'éviter les déplacements relatifs entre les éléments de l'assemblage. Une telle ouverture asymétrique peut ainsi être, par exemple, sensiblement elliptique.Of course, the shape of the opening in the fragile part may differ in being, for example, asymmetrical in order to avoid relative displacements between the elements of the assembly. Such an asymmetric opening can thus be, for example, substantially elliptical.

Cette interprétation justifie également la non-utilisation d'une rondelle sur la partie supérieure ou inférieure de la partie évasée de l'organe présente dans l'ouverture. En effet, lors de la déformation, une telle rondelle transmettrait une partie de l'effort axial de déformation sur le dessus (ou le dessous) de la pièce fragile. Dès lors, le cisaillement exercé notamment par les bords de la rondelle sur le dessus (ou le dessous) de la pièce fragile engendre de la même manière des contraintes localisées propres à amorcer des points de rupture.This interpretation also justifies the non-use of a washer on the upper or lower part of the flared portion of the member present in the opening. Indeed, during the deformation, such a washer would transmit a portion of the axial strain force on the top (or bottom) of the fragile part. Therefore, the shear exerted in particular by the edges of the washer on the top (or bottom) of the fragile part generates in the same manner localized stresses suitable to initiate break points.

Par conséquent, la partie évasée de l'organe présente dans l'ouverture avec une forme correspondante à l'ouverture peut s'interpréter, si la section de l'ouverture est circulaire, comme un disque plein dont la paroi externe est continue, c'est-à-dire sans rainure ou plus généralement de discontinuité de matière. La forme correspondante de la partie évasée de l'organe présente dans l'ouverture permet donc, par déformation élastique et plastique, de générer uniquement une contrainte radiale sensiblement uniforme sur une surface maximisée de la paroi de la pièce autour de l'ouverture.Therefore, the flared portion of the member present in the opening with a shape corresponding to the opening can be interpreted, if the section of the opening is circular, as a solid disc whose outer wall is continuous, c that is to say without groove or more generally material discontinuity. The corresponding shape of the flared part of the member present in the opening thus makes it possible, by elastic and plastic deformation, to generating only substantially uniform radial stress on a maximized surface of the wall of the workpiece around the opening.

Enfin, selon l'invention, la pièce comporte des ajourages formant des moyens de déformation élastique qui sont distribués autour et à distance de son ouverture et qui sont destinés à absorber lesdits efforts radiaux pour les restituer une fois la contrainte des outils relâchée afin de, au final, solidariser l'assemblage de manière non destructive pour ladite pièce.Finally, according to the invention, the piece comprises perforations forming elastic deformation means which are distributed around and away from its opening and which are intended to absorb said radial forces to restore them once the stress of the tools released in order to, in the end, fasten the assembly non-destructively for said part.

L'assemblage selon l'invention sera mieux compris en relation avec les figures 1 à 8 présentant des exemples d'applications dans le domaine de l'horlogerie. On peut voir à la figure 1, un système d'échappement horloger comportant une ancre 1 et une roue d'échappement 3 et à la figure 2, un spiral 61.The assembly according to the invention will be better understood in relation to the Figures 1 to 8 presenting examples of applications in the field of watchmaking. We can see at the figure 1 , a watch exhaust system comprising an anchor 1 and an escape wheel 3 and at the figure 2 , a spiral 61.

Dans le cas de la figure 1, l'ancre 1 à titre d'exemple comporte deux assemblages 2, 12 selon l'invention destinés respectivement à solidariser le dard 7 et l'organe, ici un axe de pivotement 17, avec sa baguette 5. Comme visible à la figure 1, chaque assemblage 2, 12 comporte une partie évasée radialement 4, 14, sensiblement discoïdale venue de forme avec le dard 7 ou l'organe 17 et coopérant avec la baguette 5 de l'ancre 1. De plus, chaque assemblage 2, 12 comporte des ajourages 6, 16 réalisés dans la baguette 5 autour d'une ouverture 8, 18 et qui sont destinés à former des moyens de déformation élastique. On comprend donc que l'assemblage 2, 12 est suffisamment résistant pour ne pas générer de mouvements relatifs entre ses constituants.In the case of figure 1 , the anchor 1 as an example comprises two assemblies 2, 12 according to the invention intended respectively to secure the stinger 7 and the member, here a pivot axis 17, with its rod 5. As visible in FIG. figure 1 each assembly 2, 12 comprises a radially flaring portion 4, 14, substantially discoidal shaped with the stinger 7 or the member 17 and cooperating with the rod 5 of the anchor 1. In addition, each assembly 2, 12 comprises perforations 6, 16 made in the rod 5 around an opening 8, 18 and which are intended to form elastic deformation means. It is therefore understood that the assembly 2, 12 is sufficiently strong not to generate relative movements between its components.

La roue d'échappement 3, et plus généralement le mobile 3, comporte, à titre d'exemple, un assemblage 22 destiné à solidariser l'organe, ici un axe de pivotement 27, avec le corps 25 de la roue 3. Comme visible à la figure 1, l'assemblage 22 comporte une partie évasée radialement 24, sensiblement discoïdale venue de forme avec l'organe 27 et coopérant avec le corps 25 de la roue 3. De plus, l'assemblage 22 comporte des ajourages 26 réalisés dans le moyeu autour d'une ouverture 28 de la roue 3 et qui sont destinés à former des moyens de déformation élastique.The escape wheel 3, and more generally the mobile 3, comprises, by way of example, an assembly 22 intended to secure the member, here a pivot axis 27, with the body 25 of the wheel 3. As visible to the figure 1 , the assembly 22 comprises a radially flaring portion 24, substantially discoidal in shape with the member 27 and cooperating with the body 25 of the wheel 3. In addition, the assembly 22 comprises cut-outs 26 made in the hub around an opening 28 of the wheel 3 and which are intended to form elastic deformation means.

On comprend donc immédiatement que l'exemple de l'assemblage 22 peut s'appliquer à tout type de mobile. De plus, l'organe 27 peut comporter, en plus de la partie évasée 24, en une seule pièce un pignon afin de former le mobile fini.It is therefore immediately understood that the example of the assembly 22 can be applied to any type of mobile. In addition, the member 27 may comprise, in addition to the flared portion 24, in one piece a pinion to form the finished mobile.

Comme illustré à la figure 2, il est possible de fixer un spiral 61 sur un organe, ici un axe de balancier 67, à l'aide d'un assemblage 62 selon l'invention. Des ajourages 66 sont formés dans la virole 63 du spiral 61 et une partie 64 discoïdale venue de forme avec l'organe 67 est montée dans l'ouverture 68 de la virole 63, de manière similaire aux explications ci-dessus.As illustrated in figure 2 it is possible to fix a hairspring 61 on a member, here a balance shaft 67, with the aid of an assembly 62 according to the invention. Cut-outs 66 are formed in ferrule 63 of hairspring 61 and a disc-shaped portion 64 formed integrally with member 67 is mounted in aperture 68 of ferrule 63, similarly to the explanations above.

Des exemples d'ajourages sont présentés aux figures 3 à 8. Selon un premier mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 3 à 6, les ajourages sont formés à distance et autour de l'ouverture par deux séries de trous en forme de losange distribuées en quinconce afin de former des poutres réparties en V sécants.Examples of openwork are presented to Figures 3 to 8 . According to a first embodiment illustrated in Figures 3 to 6 , the perforations are formed at a distance and around the opening by two series of diamond-shaped holes distributed in a staggered manner to form beams divided into V secants.

La figure 3 est une représentation des ajourages 6, 16, 26, 66 des figures 1 et 2. Pour plus de simplicité seules les références de la roue 3 sont reprises à la figure 3. Cette dernière montre des ajourages 26 qui, préférentiellement, traversent totalement l'épaisseur du corps 25 en matériau fragile. Les ajourages 26 sont distribués à distance et autour de l'ouverture 28 formée, de manière préférée, également totalement traversant dans l'épaisseur du corps 25 en matériau fragile.The figure 3 is a representation of the perforations 6, 16, 26, 66 of figures 1 and 2 . For simplicity only the references of the wheel 3 are included in the figure 3 . The latter shows cutouts 26 which, preferably, completely cross the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material. The perforations 26 are distributed at a distance and around the opening 28 formed, preferably, also completely through in the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material.

Comme visible à la figure 3, les ajourages 26 forment une première série de trous 31, les plus éloignés de l'ouverture 28, et une deuxième série de trous 33 qui sont en forme de losange et distribuées en quinconce. On s'aperçoit à la figure 3 que les ajourages 31, 33 forment ainsi des poutres 32 en forme de V qui sont sécantes entre elles.As visible at figure 3 , the perforations 26 form a first series of holes 31, furthest from the opening 28, and a second series of holes 33 which are diamond-shaped and distributed in staggered rows. We notice at the figure 3 that the perforations 31, 33 thus form V-shaped beams 32 which are intersecting with each other.

Dans une première variante du premier mode de réalisation illustrée à la figure 4, les ajourages 26' reprennent les première et deuxième séries de trous 31, 33 avec, en plus, une troisième série qui, formée de trous 35 en forme de triangle, est située entre les deux premières séries et l'ouverture 28, c'est-à-dire la plus proche de l'ouverture 28. Comme visible à la figure 4, la troisième série de trous 35 est distribuée en quinconce avec l'une 33 des deux premières séries afin de former des poutres 34 réparties en X sécants.In a first variant of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 4 , the perforations 26 'take up the first and second series of holes 31, 33 with, in addition, a third series which, formed of holes 35 in the form of a triangle, is located between the first two series and the opening 28, c' that is to say the closest to the opening 28. As visible in the figure 4 the third set of holes 35 is staggered with one of the first two sets to form beams 34 distributed in intersecting X's.

Dans une deuxième variante du premier mode de réalisation illustrée à la figure 5, les ajourages 26" reprennent les ajourages 26' de la figure 4 avec, en plus, des fentes 36 permettant de faire communiquer la troisième série de trous 35 avec l'ouverture 28.In a second variant of the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 5 , the cut-outs 26 "repeat the cut-outs 26 'of the figure 4 with, in addition, slots 36 for communicating the third set of holes 35 with the opening 28.

Avantageusement selon l'invention, les séries de trous 31, 33 et 35 et les fentes 36 sont utilisés pour former des moyens de déformation élastique aptes à absorber des contraintes radiales, c'est-à-dire des efforts exercés du centre de l'ouverture 28 vers la paroi du corps 25 entourant ladite ouverture circulaire.Advantageously according to the invention, the series of holes 31, 33 and 35 and the slots 36 are used to form elastic deformation means capable of absorbing radial stresses, that is to say forces exerted from the center of the opening 28 to the wall of the body 25 surrounding said circular opening.

Bien entendu, les deux ou trois séries peuvent être plus ou moins rapprochées les unes des autres et/ou de formes différentes et/ou de dimensions différentes en fonction du débattement maximal souhaité et de la contrainte voulue pour déformer les poutres 32, 34.Of course, the two or three series may be more or less close to each other and / or different shapes and / or different dimensions depending on the desired maximum displacement and the desired stress to deform the beams 32, 34.

A titre d'exemple, une alternative de la figure 5 est présentée à la figure 6. On peut voir que les ajourages 26'" sont similaires à ceux 26" de la figure 5, toutefois, les trois séries de trous sont plus espacées les unes des autres. De plus, il est visible que les formes et dimensions aussi bien des trous que des fentes sont différentes. On comprend donc que l'alternative de la figure 6 modifie la rigidité des moyens de déformations élastiques dans la matière fragile.For example, an alternative of the figure 5 is presented to the figure 6 . It can be seen that the cut-outs 26 '"are similar to those 26" of the figure 5 however, the three sets of holes are spaced apart from each other. In addition, it is visible that the shapes and dimensions of both holes and slots are different. So we understand that the alternative of figure 6 modifies the rigidity of the elastic deformation means in the brittle material.

Préférentiellement, les ajourages 26, 26', 26", 26"' s'étendent sur une largeur comprise entre 100 µm et 500 µm à partir de la paroi du corps 25 entourant l'ouverture 28. De plus, les fentes 36 sont comprises entre 15 µm et 40 µm. Enfin, de manière préférée, la section de l'ouverture 28 est comprise entre 0,5 et 2 mm.Preferably, the cut-outs 26, 26 ', 26 ", 26"' extend over a width of between 100 μm and 500 μm from the wall of the body 25 surrounding the opening 28. In addition, the slots 36 are between 15 microns and 40 microns. Finally, preferably, the section of the opening 28 is between 0.5 and 2 mm.

Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 7 et 8, les ajourages sont formés à distance et autour de l'ouverture par une première série de trous oblongues distribuée en quinconce avec une deuxième série de trous de forme triangulaire, la deuxième série étant la plus proche de l'ouverture circulaire, chaque trou de forme triangulaire communiquant avec l'ouverture par une entaille afin de former des poutres mobiles radialement selon l'épaisseur des trous oblongues.According to a second embodiment illustrated in Figures 7 and 8 , the perforations are formed at a distance and around the opening by a first series of oblong holes distributed in staggered rows with a second series of triangular shaped holes, the second series being the closest to the circular opening, each form hole triangular communicating with the opening by a notch to form radially movable beams according to the thickness of the oblong holes.

Ainsi, la figure 7 montre des ajourages 46 qui, préférentiellement, traversent totalement l'épaisseur du corps 25 en matériau fragile. Les ajourages 46 sont distribués à distance et autour de l'ouverture 28 formée, de manière préférée, également totalement traversant dans l'épaisseur du corps 25 en matériau fragile.So, the figure 7 shows cutouts 46 which, preferably, completely cross the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material. The perforations 46 are distributed at a distance and around the opening 28 formed, preferably, also completely through in the thickness of the body 25 of fragile material.

Comme visible à la figure 7, les ajourages 46 forment une première série de trous oblongues 51 et une deuxième série de trous 53 de forme triangulaire. Selon le deuxième mode de réalisation, les deux séries de trous 51, 53 sont distribuées en quinconce.As visible at figure 7 , the perforations 46 form a first series of oblong holes 51 and a second series of holes 53 of triangular shape. According to the second embodiment, the two sets of holes 51, 53 are distributed in staggered rows.

De plus, chaque trou 53 de forme triangulaire communique avec l'ouverture 28 par une entaille 57. On s'aperçoit à la figure 7 que les ajourages 46 forment ainsi des poutres 52 sensiblement en forme de trapèze qui sont séparées entre elles par les entailles 57. On remarque également que chaque poutre 52 est centrée sur un trou oblongue 51 ce qui rend chaque poutre 52 mobile radialement selon l'épaisseur d'un trou oblongue 51.In addition, each hole 53 of triangular shape communicates with the opening 28 by a notch 57. It can be seen at figure 7 that the perforations 46 thus form substantially trapezoidal beams 52 which are separated from each other by the notches 57. It is also noted that each beam 52 is centered on an oblong hole 51 which makes each beam 52 mobile radially according to the thickness an oblong hole 51.

Dans une variante du deuxième mode de réalisation illustrée à la figure 8, les ajourages 46' reprennent les ajourages 46 de la figure 7 avec, en plus, une troisième série de trous 55 en forme de triangle. De plus, chaque trou 55 de la troisième série est distribué entre deux trous 53 de forme triangulaire de la deuxième série et communique avec l'ouverture 28 par une fente 56. Les ajourages 46' forment ainsi des poutres 54 à deux bras indépendants symétriques et sensiblement en forme de L qui sont mobiles radialement selon l'épaisseur des trous 51 oblongues et tangentiellement selon l'épaisseur des fentes 56 et des entailles 57.In a variant of the second embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 8 , the openwork 46 'reproduce the cut-outs 46 of the figure 7 with, in addition, a third series of holes 55 in the form of a triangle. In addition, each hole 55 of the third series is distributed between two holes 53 of triangular shape of the second series and communicates with the opening 28 by a slot 56. The perforations 46 'thus form beams 54 with two independent arms symmetrical and substantially L-shaped which are movable radially according to the thickness of the holes 51 oblong and tangentially according to the thickness of slots 56 and notches 57.

Bien entendu, comme pour le premier mode de réalisation, les deux ou trois séries peuvent être plus ou moins rapprochées les unes des autres et/ou de formes différentes et/ou de dimensions différentes en fonction du débattement maximal souhaité et de la contrainte voulue pour déformer les poutres 52, 54.Of course, as for the first embodiment, the two or three series may be more or less close to each other and / or different shapes and / or different dimensions depending on the desired maximum travel and the desired stress for deform the beams 52, 54.

Préférentiellement, les ajourages 46, 46' s'étendent sur une largeur comprise entre 100 µm et 500 µm à partir de la paroi du corps 25 entourant l'ouverture 28. De plus, les fentes 56 et les entailles 57 sont comprises entre 15 µm et 40 µm. Enfin, de manière préférée, la section de l'ouverture 28 est comprise entre 0,5 et 2 mm.Preferably, the openings 46, 46 'extend over a width of between 100 μm and 500 μm from the wall of the body 25 surrounding the opening 28. In addition, the slots 56 and the notches 57 are between 15 μm. and 40 μm. Finally, preferably, the section of the opening 28 is between 0.5 and 2 mm.

Le procédé d'assemblage va maintenant être expliqué en relation avec les figures schématiques 9 à 11. Pour plus de simplicité, seules les références de la roue 3 sont reprises aux figures 9 à 11. Selon l'invention, une première étape consiste à former la pièce 3 en un matériau n'ayant pas de domaine plastique avec une ouverture 28 et des ajourages 26 distribués autour de l'ouverture 28 destinés à former des moyens de déformation élastique selon, par exemple, les modes de réalisation expliqués ci-dessus. Comme visible à la figure 9, l'ouverture 28 comporte une section e1 et les ajourages 26 comprennent notamment des trous de section e2.The assembly process will now be explained in relation to the schematic figures 9 to 11. For simplicity, only the references of the wheel 3 are included in the drawings. Figures 9 to 11 . According to the invention, a first step consists in forming the part 3 in a material having no plastic domain with an opening 28 and perforations 26 distributed around the opening 28 intended to form elastic deformation means according to, for example, for example, the embodiments explained above. As visible at figure 9 , the opening 28 has a section e 1 and the perforations 26 include in particular holes of section e 2 .

Une telle étape peut être réalisée par gravage sous forme sèche ou humide comme, par exemple, un gravage ionique réactif profond (également connu sous l'abréviation anglaise « DRIE »).Such a step can be carried out by etching in dry or wet form, such as, for example, a deep reactive ion etching (also known as the English abbreviation "DRIE").

De plus, dans une deuxième étape, le procédé consiste à former l'organe s'étendant axialement, un axe de pivotement 27 dans l'exemple des figures 9 à 11, en un deuxième matériau avec une section principale e3 et une partie évasée radialement 24 destinée à être déformée avec une section maximale e4. La partie 24 peut comporter une épaisseur comprise entre 100 et 300 µm. Comme expliqué ci-dessus, la deuxième étape peut être réalisée selon les processus habituels de fabrication d'axes. L'organe 27 est préférentiellement métallique et peut, par exemple, être formé en acier.In addition, in a second step, the method consists in forming the axially extending member, a pivot axis 27 in the example of the Figures 9 to 11 , in a second material with a main section e 3 and a radially flared portion 24 intended to be deformed with a maximum section e 4 . The portion 24 may have a thickness between 100 and 300 microns. As explained above, the second step can be performed according to the usual processes for producing axes. The member 27 is preferably metallic and may, for example, be formed of steel.

Bien entendu, les deux premières étapes n'ont pas de consécutivité à respecter et peuvent même être réalisées en même temps.Of course, the first two steps have no consecutivity to respect and can even be performed at the same time.

Dans une troisième étape, la partie évasée 24 est introduite sans contact dans l'ouverture 28. Cela signifie comme visible à la figure 10 que la section e1 de l'ouverture 28 est plus grande ou égale à la section externe e4 de la partie évasée 24 de l'organe 27.In a third step, the flared portion 24 is introduced without contact into the opening 28. This means as visible at the figure 10 that the section e 1 of the opening 28 is greater than or equal to the outer section e 4 of the flared portion 24 of the member 27.

De manière préférée, la différence entre la section e1 de l'ouverture 28 et la section externe e4 de la partie évasée 24 est d'environ 10 µm, c'est-à-dire un interstice d'environ 5 µm qui sépare le corps 25 de la pièce 3 par rapport à la partie évasée 24 de l'organe 27.Preferably, the difference between the section e 1 of the opening 28 and the outer section e 4 of the flared portion 24 is about 10 μm, that is to say a gap of about 5 μm which separates the body 25 of the piece 3 with respect to the flared portion 24 of the member 27.

De plus, préférentiellement selon l'invention, la partie évasée 24 et, incidemment, l'organe 27, est maintenue dans l'ouverture 28 à l'aide d'un 21 des outils 20, 21 utilisés pour l'étape de déformation. Enfin, de manière préférée, l'outil 21 comporte un évidement 29 destiné à recevoir une partie de l'organe 27.In addition, preferably according to the invention, the flared portion 24 and, incidentally, the member 27, is held in the opening 28 with a 21 of the tools 20, 21 used for the deformation step. Finally, preferably, the tool 21 comprises a recess 29 intended to receive a part of the member 27.

Enfin, le procédé comporte une quatrième étape consistant à déformer élastiquement et plastiquement la partie évasée 24 de l'organe 27 par rapprochement des outils 20, 21 selon la direction axiale A afin d'exercer une contrainte radiale B uniforme contre la paroi de la pièce 3 entourant l'ouverture 28 en sollicitant les moyens de déformation élastique de la pièce 3, c'est-à-dire les ajourages 26.Finally, the method comprises a fourth step of elastically and plastically deforming the flared portion 24 of the member 27 by bringing the tools 20, 21 in the axial direction A in order to exert a uniform radial stress B against the wall of the part 3 surrounding the opening 28 by biasing the means of elastic deformation of the part 3, that is to say the cut-outs 26.

Ainsi, comme visible à la figure 11, le pressage de la partie évasée 24 déformée au niveau de ses parties supérieure et inférieure respectivement par l'outil 20 et 21 selon la direction axiale A va induire une déformation élastique et plastique de la partie évasée 24 de manière exclusivement radiale selon la direction B, c'est-à-dire vers le corps 25.So, as visible at the figure 11 pressing the deformed flared portion 24 at its upper and lower portions, respectively by the tool 20 and 21 in the axial direction A will induce an elastic and plastic deformation of the flared portion 24 in an exclusively radial manner in the direction B, that is to say towards the body 25.

De manière préférée selon l'invention, la déformation est paramétrée afin que le serrage soit supérieur à l'interstice entre la partie évasée 24 non déformée et la paroi du corps 25 entourant l'ouverture 28. Préférentiellement, le serrage est compris entre 8 et 20 µm.In a preferred manner according to the invention, the deformation is parameterized so that the tightening is greater than the gap between the undeformed flared portion 24 and the wall of the body 25 surrounding the opening 28. Preferably, the tightening is between 8 and 20 μm.

Par conséquent, il est voulu que la déformation élastique et plastique de la partie évasée 24 exerce la déformation élastique du corps 25 autour de l'ouverture 28 afin de solidariser ensemble l'organe 27 et donc sa partie évasée 24 déformée, avec le corps 25 de la roue 3 comme visible à la figure 11. Il est à noter que ce mode de réalisation autorise notamment un centrage automatique de l'ensemble organe 27 - corps 25. A ce titre, à la figure 11, on remarque que les ajourages 26 comportent une section référencée e5 et non plus e2.Therefore, it is desired that the elastic and plastic deformation of the flared portion 24 exerts the elastic deformation of the body 25 around the opening 28 in order to secure together the member 27 and therefore its flared portion 24 deformed, with the body 25 of the wheel 3 as visible to the figure 11 . It should be noted that this embodiment allows in particular an automatic centering of the entire body 27 - body 25. As such, at the figure 11 it is noted that the perforations 26 comprise a section referenced e 5 and no longer e 2 .

Avantageusement selon l'invention, il est possible de solidariser l'organe 27 de n'importe quel côté du corps 25 de la roue 3. De plus, aucun effort axial (par définition risquant d'être destructif) n'est appliqué sur le corps 25 de la roue 3 pendant le procédé. Seule une déformation élastique radiale est appliquée sur le corps 25. Il est également à noter que, préférentiellement, l'utilisation de la partie évasée radialement 24 permet, lors de la déformation radiale B de la partie évasée 24, d'exercer une contrainte uniforme sur une surface maximisée de la paroi du corps 25 autour de l'ouverture 28 afin d'éviter tout amorce de rupture de la roue 3 en matériau fragile et s'adapter aux dispersions de fabrication des différents éléments.Advantageously according to the invention, it is possible to secure the member 27 of any side of the body 25 of the wheel 3. In addition, no axial force (by definition likely to be destructive) is applied to the body 25 of the wheel 3 during the process. Only a radial elastic deformation is applied to the body 25. It should also be noted that, preferably, the use of the radially flared portion 24 allows, during the radial deformation B of the flared portion 24, to exert a uniform stress on a maximized surface of the wall of the body 25 around the opening 28 to prevent any breakage of the wheel 3 of fragile material and adapt to the manufacturing dispersions of the various elements.

Bien entendu, la présente invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré mais est susceptible de diverses variantes et modifications qui apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, les ajourages de la pièce en matériau fragile peuvent comporter plus ou moins de série de trous que les modes de réalisation présentés ci-dessus. De plus, les modes de réalisation présentés sont susceptibles d'être combinés entre eux suivant les applications prévues.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated example but is susceptible of various variations and modifications that will occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, the perforations of the piece of fragile material may comprise more or fewer series of holes than the modes of realization presented above. In addition, the presented embodiments are capable of being combined with one another according to the intended applications.

La partie évasée radialement 24 peut également comporter une géométrie différente afin d'optimiser ou « programmer » la déformation vers le corps 25. Il peut être, par exemple, envisagé de minimiser ou augmenter localement l'épaisseur de la partie évasée 24 afin de privilégier un sens de déformation par rapport à l'autre selon la direction B. A titre d'exemple, il est ainsi envisageable de réaliser un évidement conique et coaxial par rapport l'organe 27 afin de faciliter l'orientation radiale B mais également rendre la contrainte induite progressive.The radially flared portion 24 may also comprise a different geometry in order to optimize or "program" the deformation towards the body 25. It may be, for example, considered to minimize or locally increase the thickness of the flared portion 24 in order to favor one direction of deformation with respect to the other in the direction B. For example, it is thus possible to make a conical recess and coaxial with the member 27 to facilitate the radial orientation B but also to make the progressive induced stress.

Les figures 1 et 2 présentent des applications pour un système d'échappement tel que l'ancre 1 et la roue d'échappement 3 ou un spiral 61 d'un mouvement horloger. Bien entendu, le présent assemblage 2, 12, 22, 62 peut être appliqué à d'autres éléments. On peut, de manière non exhaustive, envisager de former un balancier, un pont ou plus généralement un mobile à l'aide d'un assemblage 2, 12, 22, 62 comme expliqué ci-dessus.The figures 1 and 2 have applications for an exhaust system such as the anchor 1 and the escape wheel 3 or a hairspring 61 of a watch movement. Of course, the present assembly 2, 12, 22, 62 can be applied to other elements. One can, in a non-exhaustive way, consider forming a pendulum, a bridge or more generally a mobile with an assembly 2, 12, 22, 62 as explained above.

Il est également possible d'utiliser l'assemblage 2, 12, 22, 62 en remplacement des moyens de déformation élastique 48 ou des cylindres 63, 66 du document WO 2009/115463 afin de fixer un résonateur du type balancier - spiral monobloc sur un axe de pivotement.It is also possible to use the assembly 2, 12, 22, 62 instead of the elastic deformation means 48 or the cylinders 63, 66 of the document WO 2009/115463 in order to fix a resonator type balancer - spiral monobloc on a pivot axis.

Bien entendu, deux pièces telles que décrites ci-dessus peuvent également être assujettis sur le même axe à l'aide de deux assemblages distincts 2, 12, 22, 62 afin de solidariser leur mouvement respectif. On comprend alors que le même axe sera formé avec deux parties évasées radialement 4, 14, 24, 64 destinées à être déformées.Of course, two parts as described above can also be secured on the same axis with two separate assemblies 2, 12, 22, 62 to secure their respective movement. It is then understood that the same axis will be formed with two radially flared portions 4, 14, 24, 64 intended to be deformed.

Enfin, l'assemblage 2, 12, 22, 62 selon l'invention peut également permettre la solidarisation de tout type d'organe horloger ou non dont le corps est formé d'un matériau ne comportant pas de domaine plastique (silicium, quartz, etc.) avec un axe comme, par exemple, un résonateur du type diapason ou plus généralement un MEMS (acronyme provenant des termes anglais « Micro-Electro-Mechanical System »).Finally, the assembly 2, 12, 22, 62 according to the invention can also allow the joining of any type of watchmaking member or not whose body is formed of a material having no plastic field (silicon, quartz, etc.) with an axis such as, for example, a resonator of the type tuning fork or more generally a MEMS (acronym from the English term "Micro-Electro-Mechanical System").

Claims (14)

  1. Method of assembling an axially extending member (7, 17, 27, 67) made of a first material in a part (1, 3, 61) made of a second material having no plastic domain, including the following steps:
    a) forming the part (1, 3, 61) with an aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) and pierced holes (6, 16, 26, 26', 26", 26"', 46, 46', 66) distributed around the aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) intended to form elastic deformation means;
    b) inserting a radially flared portion (4, 14, 24, 64) of said member into the aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) without any stress;
    c) elastically and plastically deforming the flared portion (4, 14, 24, 64) of said member in the aperture by moving two tools (20, 21) towards each other axially, respectively on the top and bottom parts of said flared portion, so as to exert a radial stress (B) against the wall of the part (1, 3, 61) surrounding the aperture (8, 18, 28, 68), by stressing said elastic deformation means of the part (1, 3, 61), in order to secure the assembly (2, 12, 22, 62) in a manner that is not destructive for said part.
  2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the shape of the external wall of the flared portion (4, 14, 24, 64) of said member substantially matches the aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) of the part (1, 3, 61), so as to exert a substantially uniform radial stress (B) on the wall of the part (1, 3, 61) surrounding the aperture (4, 14, 24, 64).
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) of the part (1, 3, 61) is circular.
  4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) of the part (1, 3, 61) is asymmetrical to prevent any relative movement between the elements of said assembly.
  5. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in step b), the difference between the section (e1) of the circular aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) and the external section (e4) of the flared portion (4, 14, 24, 64) of said member in the aperture is approximately 10 µm.
  6. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in step c), the deformation exerts a clamping force which generates a displacement comprised between 8 and 20 µm.
  7. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in steps b) and c), the flared portion (4, 14, 24, 64) of the member (7, 17, 27, 67) in the aperture is held in the aperture (8, 18, 28, 68) via one of the two tools (20, 21).
  8. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second material is silicon-based.
  9. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first material is formed from a metal or metal alloy base.
  10. Assembly method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the part is a timepiece wheel set (3).
  11. Assembly method according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the part is timepiece pallets (1).
  12. Assembly method according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the part is a timepiece balance spring (61).
  13. Assembly method according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the part is a resonator.
  14. Assembly method according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the part is a MEMS.
EP11787857.9A 2010-12-22 2011-11-22 Assembly process of a component which does not have a plastic domain Active EP2656150B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11787857.9A EP2656150B1 (en) 2010-12-22 2011-11-22 Assembly process of a component which does not have a plastic domain

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10196597A EP2469353A1 (en) 2010-12-22 2010-12-22 Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range
PCT/EP2011/070693 WO2012084384A2 (en) 2010-12-22 2011-11-22 Assembly of a component which does not have a plastic domain
EP11787857.9A EP2656150B1 (en) 2010-12-22 2011-11-22 Assembly process of a component which does not have a plastic domain

Publications (2)

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EP2656150A2 EP2656150A2 (en) 2013-10-30
EP2656150B1 true EP2656150B1 (en) 2017-01-04

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US (1) US9128463B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2469353A1 (en)
JP (1) JP5671155B2 (en)
CN (1) CN103299245B (en)
HK (1) HK1189281A1 (en)
TW (1) TWI564107B (en)
WO (1) WO2012084384A2 (en)

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EP2469352A1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-27 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Assembly of a part not comprising a plastic range
CH707503A2 (en) * 2013-01-17 2014-07-31 Omega Sa Pivoting axle i.e. non-magnetic balance axle, for clockwork movement of timepiece, has pivot made of composite material having metal matrix charged with hard particles in order to limit sensitivity of axle to magnetic fields
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Publication number Publication date
US9128463B2 (en) 2015-09-08
CN103299245B (en) 2016-06-15
CN103299245A (en) 2013-09-11
TW201240763A (en) 2012-10-16
WO2012084384A3 (en) 2012-08-16
JP5671155B2 (en) 2015-02-18
US20130286795A1 (en) 2013-10-31
TWI564107B (en) 2017-01-01
HK1189281A1 (en) 2014-05-30
WO2012084384A2 (en) 2012-06-28
JP2014501923A (en) 2014-01-23
EP2656150A2 (en) 2013-10-30
EP2469353A1 (en) 2012-06-27

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