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EP2534663B1 - Stepping switch having a freewheel element - Google Patents

Stepping switch having a freewheel element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2534663B1
EP2534663B1 EP10796278.9A EP10796278A EP2534663B1 EP 2534663 B1 EP2534663 B1 EP 2534663B1 EP 10796278 A EP10796278 A EP 10796278A EP 2534663 B1 EP2534663 B1 EP 2534663B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
mechanical
ttf
tap changer
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10796278.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2534663A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus HÖPFL
Gregor Wilhelm
Silke Wrede
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Publication of EP2534663A1 publication Critical patent/EP2534663A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2534663B1 publication Critical patent/EP2534663B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/02—Operating parts, i.e. for operating driving mechanism by a mechanical force external to the switch
    • H01H3/08—Turn knobs
    • H01H3/10—Means for securing to shaft of driving mechanism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/42—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using cam or eccentric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tap changer for uninterrupted switching between at least two winding taps of a tapped transformer having a rotatable switching shaft associated with the actuating elements for a plurality of actuation phases for mechanical switching elements or vacuum interrupters.
  • a tap changer which has a total of four vacuum interrupters per phase.
  • each of the two existing load branches each have a vacuum interrupter as the main contact and a further vacuum interrupter, in series with a cross-over resistance, provided as a resistor contact.
  • the main contact of the turn-off side is first opened, after which the resistance contact of the receiving side is closed, so that between the two stages n and n + 1 through the Overload resistors limited compensating current flows. After the previously closed resistive contact has opened the disconnecting side, then closes the main contact of the receiving side, so that the entire load current from the new winding tapping n + 1 leads to the load dissipation, whereby the switching is completed.
  • the vacuum interrupters used in this known tap-changer and numerous similar known embodiments instead of conventional mechanical contacts for load switching have a number of advantages. Since the contacts themselves are encapsulated in a vacuum, high switching capacities can be achieved. The encapsulated, hermetically sealed contacts also can not lead to the fouling and contamination of the surrounding insulating oil in the tap-changer by contact erosion or arcing. Furthermore, vacuum interrupters are now available as very compact components; they have a small footprint and require only relatively low actuation forces.
  • a diverter switch a tap changer for uninterrupted switching between at least two winding taps of a tapped transformer known.
  • This has a rotatable switching shaft, are arranged on the concentric cams with different peripheral contours.
  • mechanical switching elements or vacuum interrupters are actuated by different actuators for several actuation phases.
  • From the DE 21 61 677 A1 is a drive for a diverter switch has become known, in which the actuation of the individual switching elements by means of one or more cams occurs.
  • a switching arrangement consisting of several vacuum interrupters, known in which the movable contacts cooperate with provided on a drive shaft cam, so that the contacts undergo a rotation of the drive shaft, a predefined switching sequence.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose a tap changer of the type mentioned above with high surge voltage resistance, also referred to as a0-strength.
  • a tap changer for uninterrupted switching between at least two winding taps of a tapped transformer with the features of independent claim 1 is proposed.
  • a load branch is provided with at least two parallel paths.
  • Each of these paths can comprise a series arrangement of at least one vacuum interrupter and at least one mechanical switching element, which in the present context can also be referred to as a variably adjustable or switchable switching contact.
  • One of the at least two paths may be associated with a resistor arranged in series with the respective vacuum interrupter and the mechanical switching element.
  • the at least two winding taps can be variably coupled together and / or acted upon with a load dissipation.
  • the total of at least two vacuum interrupters and at least two mechanical switching elements with a defined time offset to each other in each case in different switching directions can be switched together.
  • at least one of the mechanical switching elements has a relation to the other switching elements or vacuum interrupters and independent of the switching direction temporally relocated switching or trip time, whereby certain switching states can be realized in a simple, reliable and exactly reproducible manner by mechanical means.
  • the relocated switching or tripping time has a defined time interval to the other switching or trip times of the other mechanical switching elements and vacuum interrupters.
  • a temporally relocated switching or trip time having mechanical switching element switches all other switching elements and vacuum interrupters downstream.
  • the tap changer according to the invention provides a rotatable switching shaft, the actuators are assigned for each actuation phase for the mechanical switching elements or vacuum interrupters, the actuators are each assigned to the switching shaft rotatable, concentric cams with frontal contours. These end contours can be formed in particular by projections, cams o. The like., Which are suitable for operating the switching elements and / or vacuum interrupters.
  • the switching times triggered by the at least one cam plate corresponding to the mechanical switching element that is to be shifted in time are delayed in time regardless of its direction of rotation or of the direction of rotation of the switching shaft relative to the rotational movements of the other cams or of the other actuating elements.
  • an additional permanent main contact may be provided on the tap changer and / or coupled thereto.
  • each have a mechanical contact (MC) may be present, which carries a continuous current.
  • the contact of such a permanent main contact switch preferably opens on the disconnecting side before all other switching elements (MSV, TTV, MTF, TTF), while the contact closes on the aufcampusden page to all other switching elements.
  • the delayed in each switching direction switching or triggering of at least one mechanical switching element can be realized in the tap changer, that the at least one switching means and the cam associated therewith a freewheeling element for phase shifting the switching time is assigned depending on the direction of rotation of the switching shaft.
  • This freewheeling element may in particular comprise a circular segment-shaped, for switching shaft concentrically arranged guide slot for a driver of the cam and a sleeve-like separator which is fixed to the housing fixed against the rotatable shaft and cams and decouples the rotational movements of the shift shaft and mounted on this cam from each other.
  • the separator ensures in a simple and effective manner that the cam is not uncontrolled rotated when turning the shift shaft, for example.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of being able to realize the desired surge voltage resistance or a0 strength by respectively downstream switching of a mechanical switching element of one of several load branches independently of the respective switching direction. In this way, possibly occurring surge voltages do not burden the vacuum interrupters in the respective load branch not leading the load current and thus remain harmless for the vacuum interrupters.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show an exemplary embodiment of a tap changer 10, comprising a switching shaft 22 with actuating elements 24 arranged thereon and switching elements 26 coupled thereto.
  • the schematic representation of FIG Fig. 3 further shows a plan view of the tap changer 10 according to Fig. 1 from underneath.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 has a downstream switching or tripping time of one of two mechanical switching elements TTF a defined time interval to the other switching or Tripping times of a first mechanical switching element MTF and two vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV on.
  • a temporally relocated switching or triggering time having mechanical switching element TTF switches all other switching elements and vacuum interrupters downstream, regardless of the switching direction, ie the direction of rotation of the switching shaft 22nd
  • the in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown variant embodiment of the tap changer 10 according to the invention provides a rotatable about its axis in both directions switching shaft 22, the four parallel arranged disc-shaped actuators 24 for each actuation phase for the mechanical switching elements 26 and vacuum interrupters are assigned, the actuating elements 24 each by the shift shaft rotatable, concentric cams 28 are formed with peripheral contours or projections 30.
  • contours and / or projections could also be arranged on the front side of the cams.
  • These projections 30 trigger the respective switching elements 26 and vacuum interrupters in the switching block 27, by being in the outline of the switching block 27 and are rotated past it, where they rotate the respective mechanical switching element and / or the respective vacuum interrupter to a defined switching path or actuate.
  • each of the four existing cams 28 may each have a plurality of equally spaced projections or cams 30 on its outer circumference, so that for a complete switching cycle of the tap changer 10 no complete rotation of the switching shaft 22 is required by 360 degrees, but that, for example, already a 120 ° rotation can be sufficient for this.
  • the outer contours of the projections or cams 30 of the cams 28 and a special mechanism for supporting at least one of the cams 28 make it possible for the switching points triggered by the at least one cam plate 28 corresponding to the mechanical switching element TTF to be shifted in time to be triggered independently of its direction of rotation or from the direction of rotation of the switching shaft 22 with respect to the rotational movements of the other cams 28 and the other actuators 24 are delayed in time.
  • This freewheel element 34 is formed as a circular segment-shaped, to the switching shaft 22 concentrically arranged guide slot 36 for an annular driver of the corresponding cam 28 and a sleeve-like separator 38 which is fixed relative to the rotatable switching shaft 22 and guided thereon cam 28 by means of a boom fixed to the housing 40 and the rotational movements of the switching shaft 22 and the mounted on this cam 28 are decoupled from each other.
  • the separator 38 ensures in a simple and effective manner that the cam 28 is not uncontrolled rotated when turning the switching shaft 22, for example. By viscous effects of the oil bath in which the components of the tap changer 10 are arranged or immersed, but that the cam 22 is rotated solely by the cooperating driver elements and guide slots 36.
  • each of a plurality of load branches independent of the respective switching direction of the switching shaft 22 to ensure a desired surge voltage resistance or a0-strength by each downstream switching of the mechanical switching element 32 and TTF. In this way, possibly occurring surge voltages do not burden the vacuum interrupters in the respective load branch not leading the load current and thus remain harmless for the vacuum interrupters.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary and qualitative to understand flowchart to illustrate the switching sequences of an embodiment of the tap changer 10 of the invention (see. FIGS. 1 to 3 ) during a switching cycle in each case different switching directions.
  • the upper diagram illustrates the switching sequence of a total of four individual switching units tap changer in a first switching direction, while the lower diagram shows the switching sequence in the opposite direction of switching.
  • the schematic representations of Fig. 5 ( Figures 5a to 5h ) show in a total of nine Kunststoff woodenn the individual, successive switching states of the various components of the tap changer in a first switching direction, what in Fig. 5a is characterized by the switching direction n ⁇ n + 1.
  • the tap changer 10 forms a load branch with two parallel paths 18 and 20.
  • Each of these paths 18 and 20 each comprise a series arrangement of a vacuum interrupter MSV, TTV and a mechanical switching element MTF, TTF, which may be referred to in the present context as a variably adjustable or switchable switching contact.
  • the first path 18 is formed by the series-connected first vacuum interrupter MSV and the first mechanical switching element MTF.
  • the second path 20 is formed by a series connection of the second vacuum interrupter TTV, the second mechanical switching element TTF and a resistor R.
  • the two vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV and the two mechanical switching elements MTF and TTF are according to Fig. 4 with a defined time offset to each other in each case different switching directions (n ⁇ n + 1 or n + 1 ⁇ n) jointly switchable.
  • the second mechanical switching element TTF a relation to the first switching element MTF and the two vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV and independent of the switching direction temporally relocated switching or trip time, whereby certain switching states in a simple, reliable and exactly reproducible way Help mechanical means can be realized.
  • the second mechanical switching element TTF which has a time-shifted switching or triggering time, shifts downstream of all other switching elements and vacuum tubes.
  • the diagram of Fig. 4 shows the sequences in a complete switching operation, starting from the time zero, above for a drive direction from left to right (n ⁇ n + 1), ie ending at a definable time (see. Fig. 5 ) and down for a right-to-left drive direction (n + 1 ⁇ n), ie beginning at a definable time corresponding to the lower scale and ending at the far left at zero.
  • the switching position of the tap changer 10 at the start of switching is in Fig. 5a clarified.
  • the first vacuum interrupter MSV is in this case closed, while the switching contact of the second vacuum interrupter TTV is open.
  • the first mechanical switching element MTF is in a first switching position, in which the load current I L from the first winding tap 12 of the tapped transformer 16 via the first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV to load discharge LA can flow.
  • the second vacuum interrupter TTV is closed (see. Fig. 5b ), after which the first vacuum interrupter MSV is opened (cf. Fig. 5c ).
  • This opening after a short time after the shift starts is in Fig. 5d clarified.
  • first switching position of the second mechanical switching element TTF flows the load current I L in the in the FIGS. 5d and 5e from the first winding tapping 12 of the tapped transformer 16 through the second load branch or second path 20, which can also be referred to as a resistance branch or R branch, to the load lead LA.
  • the first mechanical switching element MTF is switched over ( Fig. 5d, Fig. 5e ), whereby the closing of the first vacuum interrupter MSV ( Fig. 5e . Fig. 5f ) and the subsequent opening of the second vacuum interrupter TTV ( Fig. 5f, Fig. 5g ) is prepared.
  • the load current I L flows in the in Fig. 5g shown manner of the second winding tap 14 of the tapped transformer 16 through the correspondingly connected first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV for load dissipation LA.
  • the second mechanical switching element TTF is in turn switched over to the second winding tap 14 (FIG. Fig. 5g . Fig. 5h ), which completes the switching cycle.
  • the representations of the Fig. 6 show in several circuit diagrams, the individual, successive switching states of the various components of the tap changer in a second switching direction. So the lower diagram shows the Fig. 4 the processes in a complete downshift, for a drive direction from right to left (n + 1 ⁇ n), ie starting at a time corresponding to the lower scale and ending at the very left at zero.
  • the switching position of the tap changer 10 at the start of switching within a first period is in Fig. 6a clarified.
  • the first vacuum interrupter MSV is in this case closed, while the switching contact of the second vacuum interrupter TTV is open.
  • the first mechanical switching element MTF is in its second switching position, in which the load current I L from the second winding tap 14 of the tapped transformer 16 via the first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV to load discharge LA can flow. This is at the same time the switching position accordingly Fig. 5h , with which the first switching cycle according to the upper diagram of Fig. 4 was completed.
  • the invention provides in this case that the second mechanical switching element TTF is not switched at an early time, but first in the in Fig. 6a (as well as in the FIGS. 6b to 6f ) shown second switching position remains, which corresponds to the downshift Fig. 6 can only be realized that the switching movement of the second mechanical switching element TTF is at least partially decoupled from the switching movements of the other switching elements or vacuum interrupters, which means the freewheeling element according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 he follows.
  • the second vacuum interrupter TTV is closed (see. Fig. 6a ), after which the first vacuum interrupter MSV is opened (cf. Fig. 6b ).
  • This opening of the first vacuum interrupter MSV takes place within a definable period of time after the start of the shift, which results in Fig. 6b (Open) and in Fig. 6c (MSV open) is clarified.
  • Fig. 6b Open
  • Fig. 6c MSV open
  • the first mechanical switching element MTF is switched over ( Fig. 6c . Fig. 6d ), whereby the closing of the first vacuum interrupter MSV ( Fig. 6d, Fig. 6e ) and the subsequent opening of the second vacuum interrupter TTV ( Fig. 6e . Fig. 6f ) is prepared.
  • the load current I L thus flows back into the in Fig. 6f shown manner of the first winding tap 12 of the tapped transformer 16 through the correspondingly connected first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV for load dissipation LA.
  • the second mechanical switching element TTF is in turn switched over to the first winding tap 12 in the case of this switch-back cycle ( Fig. 6f, Fig.
  • the illustrated switching delays of the second mechanical switching element TTF form a realization of the general idea of the invention by means of a suitable freewheeling element in the tap changer by each downstream switching of the mechanical switching element TTF in one of two load branches independent of the respective switching direction to achieve the desired surge voltage resistance or a0-strength to be able to.
  • possibly occurring surge voltages burden the vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV in each case not the load current leading load branch and thus remain harmless for the vacuum interrupters.
  • FIG. 7 shows on the basis of a further circuit diagram a variant of a supplemented by two additional switches or permanent main contacts MC Step switch 10.
  • each mechanical contacts MC are additionally provided on the off and aufproofden side.
  • These permanent main contacts MC or additional switches each carry a continuous current.
  • they are switched so that the contact MC2 opens on the disconnecting side in front of all other switching elements (MSV, TTV, MTF, TTF) and the contact MC2 on the upstream side closes after all other switching elements.

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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Stufenschalter zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen wenigstens zwei Wicklungsanzapfungen eines Stufentransformators, der eine drehbare Schaltwelle aufweist, der Betätigungselemente für mehrere Betätigungsphasen für mechanische Schaltelemente bzw. Vakuumschaltröhren zugeordnet.The present invention relates to a tap changer for uninterrupted switching between at least two winding taps of a tapped transformer having a rotatable switching shaft associated with the actuating elements for a plurality of actuation phases for mechanical switching elements or vacuum interrupters.

Aus der DE 20 21 575 A ist ein Stufenschalter bekannt, der insgesamt vier Vakuumschaltröhren pro Phase aufweist. In jedem der beiden vorhandenen Lastzweige sind jeweils eine Vakuumschaltröhre als Hauptkontakt und jeweils eine weitere Vakuumschaltröhre, in Reihenschaltung mit einem Überschaltwiderstand, als Widerstandskontakt vorgesehen.From the DE 20 21 575 A is known a tap changer, which has a total of four vacuum interrupters per phase. In each of the two existing load branches each have a vacuum interrupter as the main contact and a further vacuum interrupter, in series with a cross-over resistance, provided as a resistor contact.

Bei einer unterbrechungslosen Lastumschaltung von der bisherigen Wicklungsanzapfung n auf eine neue, vorgewählte Wicklungsanzapfung n+1 wird zunächst der Hauptkontakt der abschaltenden Seite geöffnet, wonach der Widerstandskontakt der übernehmenden Seite geschlossen wird, so dass zwischen den beiden Stufen n und n+1 ein durch die Überschaltwiderstände begrenzter Ausgleichsstrom fließt. Nachdem der bisher geschlossene Widerstandskontakt der abschaltenden Seite geöffnet hat, schließt dann der Hauptkontakt der übernehmenden Seite, so dass der gesamte Laststrom von der neuen Wicklungsanzapfung n+1 zur Lastableitung führt, womit die Umschaltung beendet ist.In an uninterrupted load switching from the previous winding tap n to a new, preselected winding tap n + 1, the main contact of the turn-off side is first opened, after which the resistance contact of the receiving side is closed, so that between the two stages n and n + 1 through the Overload resistors limited compensating current flows. After the previously closed resistive contact has opened the disconnecting side, then closes the main contact of the receiving side, so that the entire load current from the new winding tapping n + 1 leads to the load dissipation, whereby the switching is completed.

Die bei diesem bekannten Stufenschalter und zahlreichen ähnlichen bekannten Ausführungsformen verwendeten Vakuumschaltröhren statt herkömmlicher mechanischer Kontakte zur Lastumschaltung besitzen eine Reihe von Vorteilen. Da die Kontakte selbst im Vakuum gekapselt sind, lassen sich hohe Schaltleistungen realisieren. Die gekapselten, hermetisch abgeschlossenen Kontakte können außerdem nicht zur Verrußung und Verschmutzung des sie umgebenden Isolieröls im Stufenschalter durch Kontaktabbrand oder Lichtbögen führen. Weiterhin sind Vakuumschaltröhren inzwischen als sehr kompakte Bauteile verfügbar; sie weisen einen geringen Platzbedarf auf und erfordern nur relativ geringe Betätigungskräfte.The vacuum interrupters used in this known tap-changer and numerous similar known embodiments instead of conventional mechanical contacts for load switching have a number of advantages. Since the contacts themselves are encapsulated in a vacuum, high switching capacities can be achieved. The encapsulated, hermetically sealed contacts also can not lead to the fouling and contamination of the surrounding insulating oil in the tap-changer by contact erosion or arcing. Furthermore, vacuum interrupters are now available as very compact components; they have a small footprint and require only relatively low actuation forces.

Bei verschiedenen Anwendungsfällen solcher bekannter Stufenschalter mit Vakuumschaltröhren zur Regelung von Leistungstransformatoren ist jedoch eine hohe Stoßspannungsfestigkeit von vorzugsweise bis zu Spannungen von 100 kV und deutlicher darüber hinaus erforderlich. Solche unerwünschte Stoßspannungen, deren Höhe wesentlich durch den Aufbau des Stufentransformators und der Wicklungsteile zwischen den einzelnen Anzapfstufen bedingt ist, sind zum einen Blitzstoßspannungen, die sich durch das Einschlagen von Blitzen im Netz ergeben. Zum anderen können auch Schaltstoßspannungen auftreten, die durch nicht vorhersehbare Schaltstöße im zu regelnden Netz verursacht sind. Bei nicht ausreichender Stoßspannungsfestigkeit des Stufenschalters kann es zu kurzzeitigem Stufenkurzschluss bzw. unerwünschtem Durchschlag an der Keramik bzw. dem Dampfschirm betroffener Vakuumschaltröhren im nicht den Laststrom führenden Lastzweig kommen, was nicht nur deren Langzeitschädigung verursachen kann, sondern generell unerwünscht ist.In various applications of such known tap changer with vacuum interrupters for controlling power transformers, however, a high surge voltage resistance of preferably up to voltages of 100 kV and moreover required beyond. Such unwanted surge voltages, the amount of which is largely due to the structure of the tapped transformer and the winding parts between the tapping stages are, on the one hand, lightning impulse voltages that result from the impact of lightning in the network. On the other hand, switching impulse voltages can occur, which are caused by unpredictable switching shocks in the network to be controlled. If the impulse withstand voltage of the on-load tap-changer is insufficient, short-term step short circuit or undesirable breakdown of the ceramic or vapor shield of affected vacuum interrupters may occur in the load branch not leading to the load current, which may not only cause their long-term damage, but is generally undesirable.

Aus der DE 23 57 209 B1 und der DE 26 04 344 A1 ist es bereits bekannt, zur Bekämpfung zu hoher Stoßspannungsbeanspruchungen zwischen den Lastzweigen Schutzfunkenstrecken oder auch spannungsabhängige Widerstände oder auch beides vorzusehen; diese Mittel sind jedoch in verschiedenen Fällen unzureichend und können schädliche Stoßspannungsbeanspruchungen in ihrer Wirkung nicht oder nicht vollständig ausschließen.From the DE 23 57 209 B1 and the DE 26 04 344 A1 It is already known to provide protective spark gaps or voltage-dependent resistors or both to combat high surge voltages between the load branches; However, these agents are inadequate in various cases and can not or completely exclude harmful impulse stresses in their effect.

Aus der DE 195 10 809 C1 ist ein Lastumschalter eines Stufenschalters zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen wenigstens zwei Wicklungsanzapfungen eines Stufentransformators bekannt. Dieser weist eine drehbare Schaltwelle auf, an der konzentrische Kurvenscheiben mit unterschiedlichen umfangsseitigen Konturen angeordnet sind. Über die Konturen der Kurvenscheiben werden durch unterschiedliche Betätigungselemente für mehrere Betätigungsphasen mechanische Schaltelemente oder Vakuumschaltröhren betätigt. Dieses Dokument bildet den Oberbegriff des ersten Patentanspruches.From the DE 195 10 809 C1 is a diverter switch a tap changer for uninterrupted switching between at least two winding taps of a tapped transformer known. This has a rotatable switching shaft, are arranged on the concentric cams with different peripheral contours. About the contours of the cam disks mechanical switching elements or vacuum interrupters are actuated by different actuators for several actuation phases. This document forms the preamble of the first claim.

Aus der DE 21 61 677 A1 ist ein Antrieb für einen Lastumschalter bekannt geworden, bei dem die Betätigung der einzelnen Schaltorgane mittels einer oder mehrerer Kurvenscheiben erfolgt. Insbesondere wird hier vorgeschlagen, zwischen der vom Motorantrieb bzw. Stufenwähler kommenden Antriebswelle und dem Aufzugsmechanismus für den Kraftspeicher ein Ausgleichgetriebe vorzusehen, das unabhängig von der Drehrichtung der Antriebswelle den Aufzug des Kraftspeichers stets in nur einer Richtung zulässt.From the DE 21 61 677 A1 is a drive for a diverter switch has become known, in which the actuation of the individual switching elements by means of one or more cams occurs. In particular, it is proposed here, between the From the motor drive or tap selector drive shaft and the elevator mechanism for the energy storage to provide a differential gear, which always allows the elevator of the energy accumulator in one direction, regardless of the direction of rotation of the drive shaft.

Aus der GB 1 126 779 A eine Schaltanordnung, bestehend aus mehreren Vakuumschaltröhren, bekannt geworden, bei der die beweglichen Kontakte mit an einer Antriebswelle vorgesehenen Nocken zusammenwirken, so dass die Kontakte bei einer Rotation der Antriebswelle eine vordefinierte Umschaltsequenz durchlaufen.From the GB 1 126 779 A a switching arrangement consisting of several vacuum interrupters, known in which the movable contacts cooperate with provided on a drive shaft cam, so that the contacts undergo a rotation of the drive shaft, a predefined switching sequence.

Ein Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, einen Stufenschalter der eingangs genannten Art mit hoher Stoßspannungsfestigkeit, auch als a0-Festigkeit bezeichnet, vorzuschlagen.An object of the present invention is to propose a tap changer of the type mentioned above with high surge voltage resistance, also referred to as a0-strength.

Dieses Ziel der Erfindung wird mit dem Gegenstand des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs erreicht. Merkmale vorteilhafter Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen. Zur Erreichung des Ziels der Erfindung wird ein Stufenschalter zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen wenigstens zwei Wicklungsanzapfungen eines Stufentransformators mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 vorgeschlagen. Bei diesem Stufenschalter ist ein Lastzweig mit wenigstens zwei parallelen Pfaden vorgesehen. Jeder dieser Pfade kann eine Serienanordnung aus wenigstens einer Vakuumschaltröhre und wenigstens einem mechanischen Schaltelement umfassend, der im vorliegenden Zusammenhang auch als variabel einstellbarer oder umschaltbarer Schaltkontakt bezeichnet werden kann. Einem der wenigstens zwei Pfade kann ein in Serie mit der jeweiligen Vakuumschaltröhre und dem mechanischen Schaltelement angeordneter Widerstand zugeordnet sein. Auf diese Weise können die wenigstens zwei Wicklungsanzapfungen variabel miteinander gekoppelt und/oder mit einer Lastableitung beaufschlagt werden. Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die insgesamt wenigstens zwei Vakuumschaltröhren und wenigstens zwei mechanischen Schaltelemente mit definiertem zeitlichem Versatz zueinander in jeweils unterschiedliche Schaltrichtungen gemeinsam schaltbar. Zudem weist wenigstens eines der mechanischen Schaltelemente einen gegenüber den übrigen Schaltelementen bzw. Vakuumschaltröhren und von der Schaltrichtung unabhängigen zeitlich nachverlagerten Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkt auf, wodurch bestimmte Schaltzustände auf einfache, zuverlässige und exakt reproduzierbare Weise mit Hilfe mechanischer Mittel realisiert werden können.This object of the invention is achieved with the subject matter of the independent patent claim. Features of advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. To achieve the object of the invention, a tap changer for uninterrupted switching between at least two winding taps of a tapped transformer with the features of independent claim 1 is proposed. In this tap changer, a load branch is provided with at least two parallel paths. Each of these paths can comprise a series arrangement of at least one vacuum interrupter and at least one mechanical switching element, which in the present context can also be referred to as a variably adjustable or switchable switching contact. One of the at least two paths may be associated with a resistor arranged in series with the respective vacuum interrupter and the mechanical switching element. In this way, the at least two winding taps can be variably coupled together and / or acted upon with a load dissipation. According to the present invention, the total of at least two vacuum interrupters and at least two mechanical switching elements with a defined time offset to each other in each case in different switching directions can be switched together. In addition, at least one of the mechanical switching elements has a relation to the other switching elements or vacuum interrupters and independent of the switching direction temporally relocated switching or trip time, whereby certain switching states can be realized in a simple, reliable and exactly reproducible manner by mechanical means.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters weist der nachverlagerte Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkt einen definierten zeitlichen Abstand zu den übrigen Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkten der weiteren mechanischen Schaltelemente und Vakuumschaltröhren auf. Zudem schaltet das einen zeitlich nachverlagerten Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkt aufweisende mechanische Schaltelement allen übrigen Schaltelementen und Vakuumschaltröhren nachgeordnet.According to a preferred embodiment of the tap changer according to the invention, the relocated switching or tripping time has a defined time interval to the other switching or trip times of the other mechanical switching elements and vacuum interrupters. In addition, a temporally relocated switching or trip time having mechanical switching element switches all other switching elements and vacuum interrupters downstream.

Der erfindungsgemäße Stufenschalters sieht eine drehbare Schaltwelle vor, der Betätigungselemente für jede Betätigungsphase für die mechanischen Schaltelemente bzw. Vakuumschaltröhren zugeordnet sind, wobei die Betätigungselemente jeweils von der Schaltwelle drehbaren, konzentrischen Kurvenscheiben mit stirnseitigen Konturen zugeordnet sind. Diese stirnseitigen Konturen können insbesondere durch Vorsprünge, Nocken o. dgl. gebildet sein, die zur Betätigung der Schaltelemente und/oder Vakuumschaltröhren geeignet sind. Zudem sind die von der wenigstens einen mit dem zeitlich verzögert zu schaltenden mechanischen Schaltelement korrespondierenden Kurvenscheibe ausgelösten Schaltzeitpunkte unabhängig von ihrer Drehrichtung bzw. von der Drehrichtung der Schaltwelle gegenüber den Drehbewegungen der übrigen Kurvenscheiben bzw. der übrigen Betätigungselemente zeitlich verzögert.The tap changer according to the invention provides a rotatable switching shaft, the actuators are assigned for each actuation phase for the mechanical switching elements or vacuum interrupters, the actuators are each assigned to the switching shaft rotatable, concentric cams with frontal contours. These end contours can be formed in particular by projections, cams o. The like., Which are suitable for operating the switching elements and / or vacuum interrupters. In addition, the switching times triggered by the at least one cam plate corresponding to the mechanical switching element that is to be shifted in time are delayed in time regardless of its direction of rotation or of the direction of rotation of the switching shaft relative to the rotational movements of the other cams or of the other actuating elements.

Weiterhin kann ein zusätzlicher Dauerhauptkontakt am Stufenschalter vorgesehen und/oder mit diesem gekoppelt sein. Bei einem solchen Stufenschalter kann zusätzlich auf der ab- und/oder aufschaltenden Seite jeweils ein mechanischer Kontakt (MC) vorhanden sein, der einen Dauerstrom führt. Der Kontakt eines solchen Dauerhauptkontaktschalters öffnet vorzugsweise auf der abschaltenden Seite vor allen übrigen Schaltelementen (MSV, TTV, MTF, TTF), während der Kontakt auf der aufschaltenden Seite nach allen übrigen Schaltelementen schließt.Furthermore, an additional permanent main contact may be provided on the tap changer and / or coupled thereto. In such a tap changer In addition, on the off and / or aufschaltenden side each have a mechanical contact (MC) may be present, which carries a continuous current. The contact of such a permanent main contact switch preferably opens on the disconnecting side before all other switching elements (MSV, TTV, MTF, TTF), while the contact closes on the aufschaltenden page to all other switching elements.

Das in jeder Schaltrichtung verzögerte Schalten bzw. Auslösen des wenigstens einen mechanischen Schaltelements kann bei dem Stufenschalter dadurch realisiert sein, dass dem wenigstens einen Schaltmittel und der diesem zugeordneten Kurvenscheibe ein Freilaufelement zur Phasenverschiebung des Schaltzeitpunkts je nach Drehrichtung der Schaltwelle zugeordnet ist. Dieses Freilaufelement kann insbesondere eine kreissegmentförmige, zur Schaltwelle konzentrisch angeordnete Führungskulisse für einen Mitnehmer der Kurvenscheibe sowie ein hülsenartiges Trennelement umfassen, das gegenüber den drehbaren Schaltwellen und Kurvenscheiben gehäusefest verankert ist und die Drehbewegungen der Schaltwelle und der auf dieser gelagerten Kurvenscheibe voneinander entkoppelt. Das Trennelement sorgt auf einfache und effektive Weise dafür, dass die Kurvenscheibe beim Drehen der Schaltwelle nicht unkontrolliert mitgedreht wird, bspw. durch viskose Effekte des Ölbads, in dem die Bestandteile des Stufenschalters angeordnet sind, sondern dass die Kurvenscheibe ausschließlich durch die zusammenwirkenden Mitnehmerelemente und Führungskulissen gedreht wird. Diese zusammenwirkenden Mitnehmerelemente und Führungskulissen definieren durch ihre Abmessungen und Anordnungen die Hysterese des Freilaufs, d.h., die Schaltverzögerung, die in jeder Drehrichtung der Schaltwelle einen exakt gleichgroßen zeitlichen Abstand zum Schaltbeginn aufweist.The delayed in each switching direction switching or triggering of at least one mechanical switching element can be realized in the tap changer, that the at least one switching means and the cam associated therewith a freewheeling element for phase shifting the switching time is assigned depending on the direction of rotation of the switching shaft. This freewheeling element may in particular comprise a circular segment-shaped, for switching shaft concentrically arranged guide slot for a driver of the cam and a sleeve-like separator which is fixed to the housing fixed against the rotatable shaft and cams and decouples the rotational movements of the shift shaft and mounted on this cam from each other. The separator ensures in a simple and effective manner that the cam is not uncontrolled rotated when turning the shift shaft, for example. By viscous effects of the oil bath, in which the components of the tap changer are arranged, but that the cam exclusively by the cooperating driver elements and guide slots is turned. These co-operating cam elements and guide slots define by their dimensions and arrangements the hysteresis of the freewheel, that is, the shift delay, which in each direction of rotation of the shift shaft has an exactly equal time interval from the shift start.

Der Erfindung liegt die allgemeine Idee zu Grunde, durch jeweils nachgelagertes Schalten eines mechanischen Schaltelements eines von mehreren Lastzweigen unabhängig von der jeweiligen Schaltrichtung die gewünschte Stoßspannungsfestigkeit bzw. a0-Festigkeit realisieren zu können. Auf diese Weise belasten eventuell auftretende Stoßspannungen die Vakuumschaltröhren im jeweils nicht den Laststrom führenden Lastzweig nicht und bleiben damit für die Vakuumschaltröhren unschädlich.The invention is based on the general idea of being able to realize the desired surge voltage resistance or a0 strength by respectively downstream switching of a mechanical switching element of one of several load branches independently of the respective switching direction. In this way, possibly occurring surge voltages do not burden the vacuum interrupters in the respective load branch not leading the load current and thus remain harmless for the vacuum interrupters.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Verwendung der nachfolgend beschriebenen Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Perspektivdarstellung einer Ausführungsvariante eines erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters mit Freilaufelement, bestehend aus einer Schaltwelle mit daran angeordneten Betätigungselementen und damit gekoppelten Schaltelementen.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt in einer schematischen Detaildarstellung ein Detail eines Betätigungsmechanismus des Stufenschalters gemäß Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Draufsicht auf den Stufenschalter gemäß Fig. 1 von unten.
  • Fig. 4 zeigt ein Ablaufdiagramm zur Verdeutlichung der Schaltabläufe eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters gemäß Figuren 1 bis 3 während eines Schaltzyklus in jeweils unterschiedliche Schaltrichtungen.
  • Fig. 5 zeigt in mehreren Schaltbildern die einzelnen, aufeinander folgenden Schaltzustände der verschiedenen Komponenten des Stufenschalters in einer ersten Schaltrichtung.
  • Fig. 6 zeigt in mehreren Schaltbildern die einzelnen, aufeinander folgenden Schaltzustände der verschiedenen Komponenten des Stufenschalters in einer zweiten Schaltrichtung.
  • Fig. 7 zeigt anhand eines weiteren Schaltbildes eine Variante eines um zwei zusätzliche Dauerhauptkontakte ergänzten Stufenschalters.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments using the drawings described below.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a tap changer according to the invention with freewheel element, consisting of a switching shaft arranged thereon with actuating elements and switching elements coupled thereto.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a schematic detail representation of a detail of an actuating mechanism of the tap changer according to Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view of the tap changer according to Fig. 1 from underneath.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flowchart to illustrate the switching sequences of an embodiment of the tap changer according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 3 during a switching cycle in each case different switching directions.
  • Fig. 5 shows in several circuit diagrams, the individual, successive switching states of the various components of the tap changer in a first switching direction.
  • Fig. 6 shows in several circuit diagrams, the individual, successive switching states of the various components of the tap changer in a second switching direction.
  • Fig. 7 shows on the basis of a further circuit diagram, a variant of a supplemented by two additional permanent main contacts tap changer.

Das nachfolgend beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel ist nicht einschränkend zu verstehen, sondern dient zur Erläuterung der Funktion und der Schaltmöglichkeiten eines erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters.The embodiment described below is not intended to be limiting, but serves to explain the function and the switching options of a tap changer according to the invention.

Die schematischen Perspektivdarstellungen der Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Stufenschalters 10, umfassend eine Schaltwelle 22 mit daran angeordneten Betätigungselementen 24 und damit gekoppelten Schaltelementen 26. Die schematische Darstellung der Fig. 3 zeigt weiterhin eine Draufsicht auf den Stufenschalter 10 gemäß Fig. 1 von unten. Wie anhand der nachfolgend zu erläuternden Figuren 4 bis 7 veranschaulicht werden wird, weist ein nachgelagerter Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkt eines von zwei mechanischen Schaltelementen TTF einen definierten zeitlichen Abstand zu den übrigen Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkten eines ersten mechanischen Schaltelements MTF und zwei Vakuumschaltröhren MSV und TTV auf. Zudem schaltet das einen zeitlich nachverlagerten Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkt aufweisende mechanische Schaltelement TTF allen übrigen Schaltelementen und Vakuumschaltröhren nachgeordnet, unabhängig von der Schaltrichtung, d.h. von der Drehrichtung der Schaltwelle 22.The schematic perspective views of Figures 1 and 2 show an exemplary embodiment of a tap changer 10, comprising a switching shaft 22 with actuating elements 24 arranged thereon and switching elements 26 coupled thereto. The schematic representation of FIG Fig. 3 further shows a plan view of the tap changer 10 according to Fig. 1 from underneath. As will be explained with reference to the following FIGS. 4 to 7 be illustrated, has a downstream switching or tripping time of one of two mechanical switching elements TTF a defined time interval to the other switching or Tripping times of a first mechanical switching element MTF and two vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV on. In addition, a temporally relocated switching or triggering time having mechanical switching element TTF switches all other switching elements and vacuum interrupters downstream, regardless of the switching direction, ie the direction of rotation of the switching shaft 22nd

Die in den Figuren 1 bis 3 gezeigte Ausführungsvariante des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters 10 sieht eine um ihre Achse in beide Richtungen drehbare Schaltwelle 22 vor, der vier parallel angeordnete, scheibenförmige Betätigungselemente 24 für jede Betätigungsphase für die mechanischen Schaltelemente 26 bzw. Vakuumschaltröhren zugeordnet sind, wobei die Betätigungselemente 24 jeweils durch von der Schaltwelle drehbaren, konzentrischen Kurvenscheiben 28 mit umfangsseitigen Konturen bzw. Vorsprüngen 30 gebildet sind. Wahlweise könnten solche Konturen und/oder Vorsprünge auch stirnseitig an den Kurvenscheiben angeordnet sein. Diese Vorsprünge 30 lösen die jeweiligen Schaltelemente 26 bzw. Vakuumschaltröhren im Schaltblock 27 aus, indem sie in den Umriss des Schaltblocks 27 hinein- und daran vorbeigedreht werden, wobei sie das jeweilige mechanische Schaltelement und/oder die jeweilige Vakuumschaltröhre um einen definierten Schaltweg drehen bzw. betätigen. Wie in den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 erkennbar, kann jede der vier vorhandenen Kurvenscheiben 28 an ihrem Außenumfang jeweils mehrere gleichmäßig voneinander beabstandete Vorsprünge bzw. Nocken 30 aufweisen, so dass für einen vollständigen Schaltzyklus des Stufenschalters 10 keine vollständige Drehung der Schaltwelle 22 um 360 Grad erforderlich ist, sondern dass bspw. bereits eine 120°-Drehung hierfür ausreichen kann. Zudem ermöglichen es die Außenkonturen der Vorsprünge bzw. Nocken 30 der Kurvenscheiben 28 und ein spezieller Mechanismus der Lagerung wenigstens einer der Kurvenscheiben 28, dass die von der wenigstens einen mit dem zeitlich verzögert zu schaltenden mechanischen Schaltelement TTF korrespondierenden Kurvenscheibe 28 ausgelösten Schaltzeitpunkte unabhängig von ihrer Drehrichtung bzw. von der Drehrichtung der Schaltwelle 22 gegenüber den Drehbewegungen der übrigen Kurvenscheiben 28 bzw. der übrigen Betätigungselemente 24 zeitlich verzögert sind.The in the FIGS. 1 to 3 shown variant embodiment of the tap changer 10 according to the invention provides a rotatable about its axis in both directions switching shaft 22, the four parallel arranged disc-shaped actuators 24 for each actuation phase for the mechanical switching elements 26 and vacuum interrupters are assigned, the actuating elements 24 each by the shift shaft rotatable, concentric cams 28 are formed with peripheral contours or projections 30. Optionally, such contours and / or projections could also be arranged on the front side of the cams. These projections 30 trigger the respective switching elements 26 and vacuum interrupters in the switching block 27, by being in the outline of the switching block 27 and are rotated past it, where they rotate the respective mechanical switching element and / or the respective vacuum interrupter to a defined switching path or actuate. As in the FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 Recognizable, each of the four existing cams 28 may each have a plurality of equally spaced projections or cams 30 on its outer circumference, so that for a complete switching cycle of the tap changer 10 no complete rotation of the switching shaft 22 is required by 360 degrees, but that, for example, already a 120 ° rotation can be sufficient for this. In addition, the outer contours of the projections or cams 30 of the cams 28 and a special mechanism for supporting at least one of the cams 28 make it possible for the switching points triggered by the at least one cam plate 28 corresponding to the mechanical switching element TTF to be shifted in time to be triggered independently of its direction of rotation or from the direction of rotation of the switching shaft 22 with respect to the rotational movements of the other cams 28 and the other actuators 24 are delayed in time.

Das in jeder Schaltrichtung verzögerte Schalten bzw. Auslösen des zweiten mechanischen Schaltelements TTF (Figuren 5 und 6), in den Figuren 1 und 3 mit der Bezugsziffer 32 bezeichnet, ist bei dem dargestellten Stufenschalter 10 dadurch realisiert, dass dem betreffenden Schaltmittel bzw. Betätigungselement 24 und der diesem zugeordneten Kurvenscheibe 28 ein Freilaufelement 34 zur Phasenverschiebung des Schaltzeitpunkts je nach Drehrichtung der Schaltwelle 22 zugeordnet ist. Dieses Freilaufelement 34 ist als kreissegmentförmige, zur Schaltwelle 22 konzentrisch angeordnete Führungskulisse 36 für einen kreisringförmigen Mitnehmer der entsprechenden Kurvenscheibe 28 sowie ein hülsenartiges Trennelement 38 gebildet, das gegenüber der drehbaren Schaltwelle 22 und der darauf geführten Kurvenscheibe 28 mittels eines gehäusefest verankerten Auslegers 40 festgestellt ist und die Drehbewegungen der Schaltwelle 22 und der auf dieser gelagerten Kurvenscheibe 28 voneinander entkoppelt. Das Trennelement 38 sorgt auf einfache und effektive Weise dafür, dass die Kurvenscheibe 28 beim Drehen der Schaltwelle 22 nicht unkontrolliert mitgedreht wird, bspw. durch viskose Effekte des Ölbads, in dem die Bestandteile des Stufenschalters 10 angeordnet bzw. eingetaucht sind, sondern dass die Kurvenscheibe 22 ausschließlich durch die zusammenwirkenden Mitnehmerelemente und Führungskulissen 36 gedreht wird. Diese zusammenwirkenden Mitnehmerelemente und Führungskulissen 36 definieren durch ihre Abmessungen und Anordnungen die Hysterese des Freilaufs 34, d.h., die Schaltverzögerung, die in jeder Drehrichtung der Schaltwelle 22 einen exakt gleichgroßen zeitlichen Abstand zum Schaltbeginn aufweist. Somit ist durch die Figuren 1 bis 3 die allgemeine Idee der Erfindung anschaulich verdeutlicht, durch jeweils nachgelagertes Schalten des mechanischen Schaltelements 32 bzw. TTF einen von mehreren Lastzweigen unabhängig von der jeweiligen Schaltrichtung der Schaltwelle 22 eine gewünschte Stoßspannungsfestigkeit bzw. a0-Festigkeit zu gewährleisten. Auf diese Weise belasten eventuell auftretende Stoßspannungen die Vakuumschaltröhren im jeweils nicht den Laststrom führenden Lastzweig nicht und bleiben damit für die Vakuumschaltröhren unschädlich.The delayed in each switching direction switching or triggering of the second mechanical switching element TTF ( Figures 5 and 6 ), in the FIGS. 1 and 3 designated by the reference numeral 32 is in the illustrated tap changer 10 thereby realized that the respective switching means or actuator 24 and the cam associated therewith 28, a freewheeling element 34 is assigned to the phase shift of the switching time depending on the direction of rotation of the switching shaft 22. This freewheel element 34 is formed as a circular segment-shaped, to the switching shaft 22 concentrically arranged guide slot 36 for an annular driver of the corresponding cam 28 and a sleeve-like separator 38 which is fixed relative to the rotatable switching shaft 22 and guided thereon cam 28 by means of a boom fixed to the housing 40 and the rotational movements of the switching shaft 22 and the mounted on this cam 28 are decoupled from each other. The separator 38 ensures in a simple and effective manner that the cam 28 is not uncontrolled rotated when turning the switching shaft 22, for example. By viscous effects of the oil bath in which the components of the tap changer 10 are arranged or immersed, but that the cam 22 is rotated solely by the cooperating driver elements and guide slots 36. These cooperating driver elements and guide slots 36 define by their dimensions and arrangements, the hysteresis of the freewheel 34, ie, the switching delay, which has in each direction of rotation of the switching shaft 22 is an exactly equal time interval to the shift start. Thus, by the FIGS. 1 to 3 clearly illustrates the general idea of the invention, each of a plurality of load branches independent of the respective switching direction of the switching shaft 22 to ensure a desired surge voltage resistance or a0-strength by each downstream switching of the mechanical switching element 32 and TTF. In this way, possibly occurring surge voltages do not burden the vacuum interrupters in the respective load branch not leading the load current and thus remain harmless for the vacuum interrupters.

Die Darstellung der Fig. 4 zeigt ein beispielhaft und qualitativ zu verstehendes Ablaufdiagramm zur Verdeutlichung der Schaltabläufe eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Stufenschalters 10 (vgl. Figuren 1 bis 3) während eines Schaltzyklus in jeweils unterschiedliche Schaltrichtungen. Das obere Diagramm verdeutlicht die Schaltfolge eines aus insgesamt vier einzelnen Schalteinheiten bestehenden Stufenschalters in eine erste Schaltrichtung, während das untere Diagramm die Schaltfolge in entgegen gesetzte Schaltrichtung zeigt. Die schematischen Darstellungen der Fig. 5 (Figuren 5a bis 5h) zeigen in insgesamt neun Schaltbildern die einzelnen, aufeinander folgenden Schaltzustände der verschiedenen Komponenten des Stufenschalters in einer ersten Schaltrichtung, was in Fig. 5a gekennzeichnet ist durch die Schaltrichtung n → n+1.The presentation of the Fig. 4 shows an exemplary and qualitative to understand flowchart to illustrate the switching sequences of an embodiment of the tap changer 10 of the invention (see. FIGS. 1 to 3 ) during a switching cycle in each case different switching directions. The upper diagram illustrates the switching sequence of a total of four individual switching units tap changer in a first switching direction, while the lower diagram shows the switching sequence in the opposite direction of switching. The schematic representations of Fig. 5 (Figures 5a to 5h ) show in a total of nine Schaltbildern the individual, successive switching states of the various components of the tap changer in a first switching direction, what in Fig. 5a is characterized by the switching direction n → n + 1.

Der in Fig. 5 anhand eines Prinzipschaltbildes dargestellte Stufenschalter 10 dient zur unterbrechungslosen Umschaltung zwischen zwei Wicklungsanzapfungen 12 und 14 eines Stufentransformators 16. Der Stufenschalter 10 bildet einen Lastzweig mit zwei parallelen Pfaden 18 und 20. Jeder dieser Pfade 18 und 20 umfasst jeweils eine Serienanordnung aus einer Vakuumschaltröhre MSV, TTV und einem mechanischen Schaltelement MTF, TTF, der im vorliegenden Zusammenhang auch als variabel einstellbarer oder umschaltbarer Schaltkontakt bezeichnet werden kann. Der erste Pfad 18 ist durch die in Serie geschaltete erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV und das erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF gebildet. Der zweite Pfad 20 ist durch eine Serienschaltung aus der zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre TTV, dem zweiten mechanischen Schaltelement TTF sowie einem Widerstand R gebildet. Durch Umschalten der beiden mechanischen Schaltelemente MTF und TTF und durch Öffnen und Schließen der beiden Vakuumschaltröhren können die beiden Wicklungsanzapfungen 12 und 14 des Stufentransformators 16 variabel miteinander gekoppelt und/oder mit einer Lastableitung LA beaufschlagt werden.The in Fig. 5 The tap changer 10 forms a load branch with two parallel paths 18 and 20. Each of these paths 18 and 20 each comprise a series arrangement of a vacuum interrupter MSV, TTV and a mechanical switching element MTF, TTF, which may be referred to in the present context as a variably adjustable or switchable switching contact. The first path 18 is formed by the series-connected first vacuum interrupter MSV and the first mechanical switching element MTF. The second path 20 is formed by a series connection of the second vacuum interrupter TTV, the second mechanical switching element TTF and a resistor R. By switching the two mechanical switching elements MTF and TTF and by opening and closing the two vacuum interrupters, the two winding taps 12 and 14 of the tapped transformer 16 can be variably coupled together and / or acted upon with a load dissipation LA.

Die beiden Vakuumschaltröhren MSV und TTV und die beiden mechanischen Schaltelemente MTF und TTF sind gemäß Fig. 4 mit definiertem zeitlichem Versatz zueinander in jeweils unterschiedliche Schaltrichtungen (n → n+1 oder n+1 → n) gemeinsam schaltbar. Wie anhand der Fig. 4 bereits zu erkennen ist, weist das zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF einen gegenüber dem ersten Schaltelement MTF und den beiden Vakuumschaltröhren MSV und TTV sowie von der Schaltrichtung unabhängigen zeitlich nachverlagerten Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkt auf, wodurch bestimmte Schaltzustände auf einfache, zuverlässige und exakt reproduzierbare Weise mit Hilfe mechanischer Mittel realisiert werden können. Zudem schaltet das einen zeitlich nachverlagerten Schalt- bzw. Auslösezeitpunkt aufweisende zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF allen übrigen Schaltelementen und Vakuumröhren nachgeordnet.The two vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV and the two mechanical switching elements MTF and TTF are according to Fig. 4 with a defined time offset to each other in each case different switching directions (n → n + 1 or n + 1 → n) jointly switchable. As based on the Fig. 4 can already be seen, the second mechanical switching element TTF a relation to the first switching element MTF and the two vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV and independent of the switching direction temporally relocated switching or trip time, whereby certain switching states in a simple, reliable and exactly reproducible way Help mechanical means can be realized. In addition, the second mechanical switching element TTF, which has a time-shifted switching or triggering time, shifts downstream of all other switching elements and vacuum tubes.

Das Diagramm der Fig. 4 zeigt die Abläufe bei einem kompletten Schaltvorgang, beginnend vom Zeitpunkt Null, oben für eine Antriebsrichtung von links nach rechts (n → n+1), d.h. endend zu einem definierbaren Zeitpunkt (vgl. Fig. 5) und unten für eine Antriebsrichtung von rechts nach links (n+1 → n), d.h. beginnend bei einem definierbaren Zeitpunkt entsprechend der unteren Skala und endend ganz links bei Null. Die Schaltstellung des Stufenschalters 10 zum Schaltbeginn ist in Fig. 5a verdeutlicht. Die erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV ist hierbei geschlossen, während der Schaltkontakt der zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre TTV geöffnet ist. Das erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF befindet sich in einer ersten Schaltstellung, bei welcher der Laststrom IL von der ersten Wicklungsanzapfung 12 des Stufentransformators 16 über das erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF und die geschlossene erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV zur Lastableitung LA fließen kann.The diagram of Fig. 4 shows the sequences in a complete switching operation, starting from the time zero, above for a drive direction from left to right (n → n + 1), ie ending at a definable time (see. Fig. 5 ) and down for a right-to-left drive direction (n + 1 → n), ie beginning at a definable time corresponding to the lower scale and ending at the far left at zero. The switching position of the tap changer 10 at the start of switching is in Fig. 5a clarified. The first vacuum interrupter MSV is in this case closed, while the switching contact of the second vacuum interrupter TTV is open. The first mechanical switching element MTF is in a first switching position, in which the load current I L from the first winding tap 12 of the tapped transformer 16 via the first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV to load discharge LA can flow.

Nach einer kurzen Zeit wird die zweite Vakuumschaltröhre TTV geschlossen (vgl. Fig. 5b), wonach die erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV geöffnet wird (vgl. Fig. 5c). Dieses Öffnen nach kurzer Zeit nach dem Schaltbeginn ist in Fig. 5d verdeutlicht. Bei diesem Schaltzustand des Stufenschalters 10 mit der geöffneten ersten Vakuumschaltröhre MSV und der geschlossenen zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre TTV und bei der in den Figuren 5a bis 5g gezeigten ersten Schaltstellung des zweiten mechanischen Schaltelements TTF fließt der Laststom IL in der in den Figuren 5d und 5e gezeigten Weise von der ersten Wicklungsanzapfung 12 des Stufentransformators 16 durch den zweiten Lastzweig bzw. zweiten Pfad 20, der auch als Widerstandszweig bzw. R-Zweig bezeichnet werden kann, zur Lastableitung LA.After a short time, the second vacuum interrupter TTV is closed (see. Fig. 5b ), after which the first vacuum interrupter MSV is opened (cf. Fig. 5c ). This opening after a short time after the shift starts is in Fig. 5d clarified. In this switching state of the tap changer 10 with the opened first vacuum interrupter MSV and the closed second vacuum interrupter TTV and in the in the FIGS. 5a to 5g shown first switching position of the second mechanical switching element TTF flows the load current I L in the in the FIGS. 5d and 5e from the first winding tapping 12 of the tapped transformer 16 through the second load branch or second path 20, which can also be referred to as a resistance branch or R branch, to the load lead LA.

Nach einer weiteren kurzen Zeit wird das erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF umgeschaltet (Fig. 5d, Fig. 5e), womit das Schließen der ersten Vakuumschaltröhre MSV (Fig. 5e, Fig. 5f) und das anschließend erfolgende Öffnen der zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre TTV (Fig. 5f, Fig. 5g) vorbereitet wird. Der Laststrom IL fließt in der in Fig. 5g gezeigten Weise von der zweiten Wicklungsanzapfung 14 des Stufentransformators 16 durch das entsprechend geschaltete erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF und die geschlossene erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV zur Lastableitung LA. Zuletzt wird bei diesem gezeigten Schaltzyklus wiederum das zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF auf die zweite Wicklungsanzapfung 14 umgeschaltet (Fig. 5g, Fig. 5h), womit der Schaltzyklus beendet ist.After a further short time, the first mechanical switching element MTF is switched over ( Fig. 5d, Fig. 5e ), whereby the closing of the first vacuum interrupter MSV ( Fig. 5e . Fig. 5f ) and the subsequent opening of the second vacuum interrupter TTV ( Fig. 5f, Fig. 5g ) is prepared. The load current I L flows in the in Fig. 5g shown manner of the second winding tap 14 of the tapped transformer 16 through the correspondingly connected first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV for load dissipation LA. Finally, in this switching cycle shown, the second mechanical switching element TTF is in turn switched over to the second winding tap 14 (FIG. Fig. 5g . Fig. 5h ), which completes the switching cycle.

Anhand der Darstellung der einzelnen Schaltvorgänge des in Fig. 5 dargestellten Schaltzyklus (n → n+1; Fig. 4 oben) wird deutlich, dass das zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF in der erwähnten Weise zuletzt umgeschaltet wird. Da dies gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung auch bei der entgegen gesetzten Schaltrichtung der Fall sein soll, sind geeignete Vorkehrungen zu treffen, um das zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF bei ansonsten in umgekehrter Reihenfolge schaltenden übrigen Komponenten MTF, MSV und TTV wiederum zuletzt schalten zu lassen. Dieses verzögerte Schalten wird gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung mittels eines geeignet zu konfigurierenden Freilaufelements gewährleistet, wie dies anhand der Figuren 1 bis 3 bereits anschaulich verdeutlicht wurde.Based on the representation of the individual switching operations of in Fig. 5 illustrated switching cycle (n → n + 1; Fig. 4 above) it is clear that the second mechanical switching element TTF is switched last in the mentioned manner. Since this according to the present invention also in the opposite Switching direction to be the case, suitable precautions are to take to turn the second mechanical switching element TTF turn in turn with otherwise switching in reverse order other components MTF, MSV and TTV last. This delayed switching is ensured according to the present invention by means of a suitable to be configured freewheeling element, as shown by the FIGS. 1 to 3 already clearly illustrated.

Die Darstellungen der Fig. 6 zeigen in mehreren Schaltbildern die einzelnen, aufeinander folgenden Schaltzustände der verschiedenen Komponenten des Stufenschalters in einer zweiten Schaltrichtung. So zeigt das untere Diagramm der Fig. 4 die Abläufe bei einem kompletten Rückschaltvorgang, für eine Antriebsrichtung von rechts nach links (n+ 1 → n), d.h. beginnend bei einem Zeitpunkt entsprechend der unteren Skala und endend ganz links bei Null. Die Schaltstellung des Stufenschalters 10 zum Schaltbeginn innerhalb eines ersten Zeitraums ist in Fig. 6a verdeutlicht. Die erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV ist hierbei geschlossen, während der Schaltkontakt der zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre TTV geöffnet ist. Das erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF befindet sich in seiner zweiten Schaltstellung, bei welcher der Laststrom IL von der zweiten Wicklungsanzapfung 14 des Stufentransformators 16 über das erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF und die geschlossene erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV zur Lastableitung LA fließen kann. Dies ist gleichzeitig die Schaltstellung entsprechend Fig. 5h, mit welcher der erste Schaltzyklus entsprechend dem oberen Diagramm der Fig. 4 abgeschlossen wurde.The representations of the Fig. 6 show in several circuit diagrams, the individual, successive switching states of the various components of the tap changer in a second switching direction. So the lower diagram shows the Fig. 4 the processes in a complete downshift, for a drive direction from right to left (n + 1 → n), ie starting at a time corresponding to the lower scale and ending at the very left at zero. The switching position of the tap changer 10 at the start of switching within a first period is in Fig. 6a clarified. The first vacuum interrupter MSV is in this case closed, while the switching contact of the second vacuum interrupter TTV is open. The first mechanical switching element MTF is in its second switching position, in which the load current I L from the second winding tap 14 of the tapped transformer 16 via the first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV to load discharge LA can flow. This is at the same time the switching position accordingly Fig. 5h , with which the first switching cycle according to the upper diagram of Fig. 4 was completed.

Die Erfindung sieht hierbei vor, dass das zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF nicht zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt umgeschaltet wird, sondern zunächst in der in Fig. 6a (sowie in den Figuren 6b bis 6f) gezeigten zweiten Schaltstellung verbleibt, was beim Rückschaltvorgang entsprechend Fig. 6 nur dadurch zu realisieren ist, dass die Schaltbewegung des zweiten mechanischen Schaltelements TTF zumindest teilweise von den Schaltbewegungen der übrigen Schaltelemente bzw. Vakuumschaltröhren entkoppelt wird, was mittels des Freilaufelements entsprechend den Figuren 1 bis 3 erfolgt.The invention provides in this case that the second mechanical switching element TTF is not switched at an early time, but first in the in Fig. 6a (as well as in the FIGS. 6b to 6f ) shown second switching position remains, which corresponds to the downshift Fig. 6 can only be realized that the switching movement of the second mechanical switching element TTF is at least partially decoupled from the switching movements of the other switching elements or vacuum interrupters, which means the freewheeling element according to the FIGS. 1 to 3 he follows.

Nach einer definierbaren Zeit wird die zweite Vakuumschaltröhre TTV geschlossen (vgl. Fig. 6a), wonach die erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV geöffnet wird (vgl. Fig. 6b). Dieses Öffnen der ersten Vakuumschaltröhre MSV erfolgt innerhalb eines definierbaren Zeitraums nach dem Schaltbeginn, was in Fig. 6b (Öffnen) und in Fig. 6c (MSV geöffnet) verdeutlicht ist. Bei diesem Schaltzustand des Stufenschalters 10 mit der geöffneten ersten Vakuumschaltröhre MSV und der geschlossenen zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre TTV und bei der in den Figuren 6a bis 6f gezeigten zweiten Schaltstellung des zweiten mechanischen Schaltelements TTF fließt der Laststom IL in der in den Figuren 6c und 6d gezeigten Weise von der ersten Wicklungsanzapfung 12 des Stufentransformators 16 durch den zweiten Lastzweig bzw. zweiten Pfad 20, der auch als Widerstandszweig bzw. R-Zweig bezeichnet werden kann, zur Lastableitung LA.After a definable time, the second vacuum interrupter TTV is closed (see. Fig. 6a ), after which the first vacuum interrupter MSV is opened (cf. Fig. 6b ). This opening of the first vacuum interrupter MSV takes place within a definable period of time after the start of the shift, which results in Fig. 6b (Open) and in Fig. 6c (MSV open) is clarified. In this switching state of the tap changer 10 with the opened first vacuum interrupter MSV and the closed second vacuum interrupter TTV and in the in the FIGS. 6a to 6f shown second switching position of the second mechanical switching element TTF flows the load current I L in the in the Figures 6c and 6d from the first winding tapping 12 of the tapped transformer 16 through the second load branch or second path 20, which can also be referred to as a resistance branch or R branch, to the load lead LA.

Nach einem weiteren kurzen Zeitraum wird das erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF umgeschaltet (Fig. 6c, Fig. 6d), womit das Schließen der ersten Vakuumschaltröhre MSV (Fig. 6d, Fig. 6e) und das anschließend erfolgende Öffnen der zweiten Vakuumschaltröhre TTV (Fig. 6e, Fig. 6f) vorbereitet wird. Der Laststrom IL fließt damit wieder in der in Fig. 6f gezeigten Weise von der ersten Wicklungsanzapfung 12 des Stufentransformators 16 durch das entsprechend geschaltete erste mechanische Schaltelement MTF und die geschlossene erste Vakuumschaltröhre MSV zur Lastableitung LA. Zuletzt wird bei diesem gezeigten Rückschaltzyklus wiederum das zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF auf die erste Wicklungsanzapfung 12 umgeschaltet (Fig. 6f, Fig. 6g), womit der Schaltzyklus beendet ist. Auf diese Weise wird anhand der Darstellung der einzelnen Schaltvorgänge des in Fig. 6 dargestellten Schaltzyklus (n+1 → n; Fig. 4 unten) wiederum deutlich, dass das zweite mechanische Schaltelement TTF in der erwähnten Weise zuletzt umgeschaltet wird.After a further short period of time, the first mechanical switching element MTF is switched over ( Fig. 6c . Fig. 6d ), whereby the closing of the first vacuum interrupter MSV ( Fig. 6d, Fig. 6e ) and the subsequent opening of the second vacuum interrupter TTV ( Fig. 6e . Fig. 6f ) is prepared. The load current I L thus flows back into the in Fig. 6f shown manner of the first winding tap 12 of the tapped transformer 16 through the correspondingly connected first mechanical switching element MTF and the closed first vacuum interrupter MSV for load dissipation LA. Finally, the second mechanical switching element TTF is in turn switched over to the first winding tap 12 in the case of this switch-back cycle ( Fig. 6f, Fig. 6g ), which completes the switching cycle. In this way, based on the representation of the individual switching operations of in Fig. 6 illustrated switching cycle (n + 1 → n; Fig. 4 below) again clearly that the second mechanical switching element TTF is switched last in the mentioned manner.

Die dargestellten Schaltverzögerungen des zweiten mechanischen Schaltelements TTF bilden eine Umsetzung der allgemeinen Idee der Erfindung, mittels eines geeigneten Freilaufelements im Stufenschalter durch jeweils nachgelagertes Schalten des mechanischen Schaltelements TTF in einem von zwei Lastzweigen unabhängig von der jeweiligen Schaltrichtung die gewünschte Stoßspannungsfestigkeit bzw. a0-Festigkeit realisieren zu können. Auf diese Weise belasten eventuell auftretende Stoßspannungen die Vakuumschaltröhren MSV und TTV im jeweils nicht den Laststrom führenden Lastzweig nicht und bleiben damit für die Vakuumschaltröhren unschädlich.The illustrated switching delays of the second mechanical switching element TTF form a realization of the general idea of the invention by means of a suitable freewheeling element in the tap changer by each downstream switching of the mechanical switching element TTF in one of two load branches independent of the respective switching direction to achieve the desired surge voltage resistance or a0-strength to be able to. In this way, possibly occurring surge voltages burden the vacuum interrupters MSV and TTV in each case not the load current leading load branch and thus remain harmless for the vacuum interrupters.

Die Darstellung der Fig. 7 zeigt anhand eines weiteren Schaltbildes eine Variante eines um zwei zusätzliche Schalter bzw. Dauerhauptkontakte MC ergänzten Stufenschalters 10. Bei dieser alternativen Variante des Stufenschalters 10 sind zusätzlich auf der ab- und aufschaltenden Seite jeweils mechanische Kontakte MC vorgesehen. Diese Dauerhauptkontakte MC bzw. zusätzliche Schalter führen jeweils einen Dauerstrom. Zudem sind sie so geschaltet, dass der Kontakt MC2 auf der abschaltenden Seite vor allen übrigen Schaltelementen (MSV, TTV, MTF, TTF) öffnet und der Kontakt MC2 auf der aufschaltenden Seite nach allen übrigen Schaltelementen schließt.The presentation of the Fig. 7 shows on the basis of a further circuit diagram a variant of a supplemented by two additional switches or permanent main contacts MC Step switch 10. In this alternative variant of the tap changer 10 each mechanical contacts MC are additionally provided on the off and aufschaltenden side. These permanent main contacts MC or additional switches each carry a continuous current. In addition, they are switched so that the contact MC2 opens on the disconnecting side in front of all other switching elements (MSV, TTV, MTF, TTF) and the contact MC2 on the upstream side closes after all other switching elements.

Claims (7)

  1. Tap changer (10) for uninterrupted changeover between at least two winding taps (12, 14) of a tapped transformer (16), which has a rotatable switching shaft (22), with which actuating elements (24) for a plurality of actuation phases for mechanical switching elements (MTF, TTF) or vacuum switching tubes (MSV, TTV) are associated, wherein the actuating elements (24) are respectively associated with concentric cam discs (28), which are rotatable by the switching shaft (22), with end-face or circumferential contours, projections, lobes (30) or the like, characterised in that a freewheel element (34) is provided, which is formed from a gate guide (36), which is of circularly segmental shape and arranged concentrically with respect to the switching shaft (22), for a circularly annular entrainer of the corresponding cam disc (28) as well as from a sleeve-like separating element (38) so that the rotational movement of the switching shaft (22) and the cam disc (28) mounted thereon are decoupled from one another in such a manner that the switching instants figured by at least one cam disc (28) are delayed in terms of time, independently of the rotational direction of the switching shaft (22), relative to the rotational movements of the remaining cam discs (28) or the remaining actuating elements (24).
  2. Tap changer according to claim 1, in which a freewheel element (34) for phase displacement of the switching instant in dependence on the respective rotational direction of the switching shaft (22) is associated with at least one of the switching means or actuating elements (24) and the cam disc (28) associated therewith.
  3. Tap changer according to claim 1 or 2, in which the sleeve-like separating element (38) of the freewheel element (34) is fixed in position relative to the rotatable switching shaft (22) and the can discs (28).
  4. Tap changer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which a load branch with at least two parallel paths (18, 20), which each comprise a series arrangement of at least one vacuum switching tube (MSV; PTV) and at least one mechanical switching element (MTF; TTF, 32), is provided, wherein a resistance (R) arranged in series with the respective vacuum switching tube (TTV) and the mechanical switching element (TTF) is associated with at least one path (18, 20), wherein the at least two winding taps (12, 14) can be variably coupled together/or acted on by a load diverter (LA), wherein the total of at least two vacuum switching tubes (MSV; TTF) and at least two mechanical switching elements (MTV, TTF) are switchable in common with a defined offset in time relative to one another in respectively different switching directions, and wherein at least one of the mechanical switching elements (TTF) has a switching or trigger instant displaced to follow in time relative to the remaining switching elements (MTF) or vacuum switching tubes (MSV, TTV) and independently of the switching direction.
  5. Tap changer according to claim 4, in which the switching or trigger instant displaced to follow has a defined spacing in time from the remaining switching or trigger instants of the further mechanical switching elements (MTF) and vacuum switching tubes (MSV, TTV).
  6. Tap changer according to claim 4 or 5, in which the mechanical switching element (TTF) having a switching or trigger instant displaced to follow in time switches subsequently to all remaining switching elements (MTF) and vacuum switching tubes (MSV, TTV).
  7. Tap changer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, in which additionally present on each of the sides switching on and switching off is a respective mechanical contact (MC) conducting a permanent current, of which the contact on the side switching off opens before all remaining switching elements (MSV, TTV, MTF, TTF) and the contact on the side switching on closes after all remaining switching elements.
EP10796278.9A 2010-02-11 2010-12-11 Stepping switch having a freewheel element Not-in-force EP2534663B1 (en)

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DE102010007535.3A DE102010007535B4 (en) 2010-02-11 2010-02-11 Tap-changer with freewheeling element
PCT/EP2010/007563 WO2011098106A1 (en) 2010-02-11 2010-12-11 Stepping switch having a freewheel element

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DE102010007535A1 (en) 2011-08-11
JP2013519996A (en) 2013-05-30
JP5872487B2 (en) 2016-03-01
KR101749197B1 (en) 2017-07-03
CN102656652A (en) 2012-09-05
US20130213776A1 (en) 2013-08-22
DE102010007535B4 (en) 2017-12-21
HK1178681A1 (en) 2013-09-13
KR20120117752A (en) 2012-10-24

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