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EP2521143A1 - Magnetically active material - Google Patents

Magnetically active material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2521143A1
EP2521143A1 EP12002333A EP12002333A EP2521143A1 EP 2521143 A1 EP2521143 A1 EP 2521143A1 EP 12002333 A EP12002333 A EP 12002333A EP 12002333 A EP12002333 A EP 12002333A EP 2521143 A1 EP2521143 A1 EP 2521143A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
subcomponent
pore structure
material according
magnetically active
texturing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP12002333A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2521143B8 (en
EP2521143B1 (en
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SEITZ, NORMAN
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Voigt Volker
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Publication date
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Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2521143B1 publication Critical patent/EP2521143B1/en
Publication of EP2521143B8 publication Critical patent/EP2521143B8/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/366—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of ferromagnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a magnetically active material.
  • Magnetically active materials in particular for electrotechnical, magnetic and / or electronic applications, are already known from the prior art.
  • the invention is based on a magnetically active material, in particular for electrical, magnetic and / or electronic applications.
  • the material has at least one magnetically active, in particular first, subcomponent, which is of cellular design and which has a pore structure.
  • the magnetically active subcomponent is preferably provided to at least partially reflect, absorb and / or conduct energy received with an electromagnetic and / or magnetic oscillation.
  • “magnetically active” is to be understood as meaning that the material, preferably the cellular first subcomponent, has a permeability number greater than 4, advantageously greater than 40, particularly advantageously greater than 100, has.
  • the magnetically active first subcomponent preferably has a ferromagnetic or advantageously ferrimagnetic property.
  • a "subcomponent” is to be understood as meaning in particular a component which at least partially forms the material.
  • the first subcomponent forms between 20% and 80%, particularly advantageously between 30% and 70%, of a volume of the magnetically active material.
  • the material is preferably formed by at least the magnetically active first subcomponent and by at least one magnetically less effective, advantageously ineffective, second subcomponent.
  • the second subcomponent is at least partially formed by air, by an oil, by a plastic, by a resin and / or by another substance that appears appropriate to a person skilled in the art.
  • the second subcomponent could be at least partially dependent on an environment of the material.
  • the magnetically active first subcomponent preferably forms a coherent, in particular sponge-like, cellular structure.
  • the magnetically effective first subcomponent is at least partially, advantageously completely, formed from a metallic material.
  • the magnetically effective first subcomponent is made of a material which appears expedient to a person skilled in the art, but preferably of an iron-based material, a steel, a ferrite, of mumetal, of an iron-silicon alloy, of an amorphous metal and / or of a nanocrystalline one Metal.
  • the term "cellular" should be understood to mean that the magnetically active first subcomponent has a plurality of cells.
  • the cells have a similar structure.
  • the cells confine pores that are similar to each other.
  • similar is meant in this context, in particular, that at least 20% of the cells define a pore having a volume that differs by less than 80% from an average volume of all pores.
  • a "pore structure” is to be understood in particular as meaning a structure which delimits a plurality of pores.
  • the pore structure forms cell walls of the pores.
  • the pore structure is formed as a pore structure.
  • the pore structure is at least partially closed and / or advantageously at least partially open, whereby a particularly high strength of the magnetically active provided first partial component and / or advantageously the second sub-component can be introduced into the pores.
  • openly designed is to be understood in particular as meaning that the magnetically effective first subcomponent limits interconnected pores.
  • closed design should be understood in particular to mean that the magnetically effective first subcomponent delimits the pores relative to one another.
  • the pore structure is at least partially open.
  • the pore structure has an effect with a hard-magnetic or soft-magnetic characteristic, as a result of which, inter alia, a particularly high internal damping of the subcomponent can be achieved.
  • the magnetically active subcomponent has a soft magnetic characteristic, whereby an advantageous use of the material in devices for energy transmission and energy conversion is possible.
  • the magnetically active subcomponent has a hard magnetic characteristic, whereby, inter alia, an advantageous use of the material for shielding, reflection, absorption of electromagnetic and / or magnetic fields and as a permanent magnet are possible.
  • a "soft magnetic characteristic” is to be understood in particular as a characteristic curve of a material which has a coercive force of less than 1000 A / m.
  • a “hard magnetic characteristic” is to be understood in particular a characteristic of a material having a coercive force greater than 1000 A / m.
  • the pore structure is mechanically and / or thermally post-treated to achieve texturing, whereby a magnetic behavior can be optimized.
  • a particularly high isotropic strength of the subcomponent can be achieved, in particular with respect to a laminated core of a comparable, conventional magnetic core.
  • a "texturing" should be understood to mean that the magnetically active component component has different structures along two different directions. Preferably, the directions are aligned perpendicular to each other.
  • the pores bounded by the magnetically active subcomponent have different average main extensions along the two different directions.
  • the magnetically active subcomponent preferably has a different one in the different directions Permeability number.
  • the textured subcomponent is made from an untextured subcomponent.
  • the textured subcomponent could be made directly.
  • the subcomponent is textured by at least one applied force.
  • the subcomponent is textured by two perpendicularly aligned forces.
  • the subcomponent is heated during texturing.
  • a microstructuring of the pore structure can be achieved by the mechanical and / or thermal aftertreatment.
  • advantageous grain boundaries and crystal structures that appear reasonable to the person skilled in the art are possible, as a result of which a magnetic behavior of the material can be further optimized.
  • the pore structure has a texturing, as a result of which the magnetically active component component can absorb and / or guide rays particularly well.
  • it can be achieved by texturing that the material has different magnetic properties in the different directions, as a result of which losses, in particular due to eddy currents, can be minimized.
  • the pore structure limits pores substantially edged, whereby a particularly effective texturing can be achieved.
  • edged limited is understood to mean that the pore-limiting regions of the pore structure have an edge.
  • the pore structure preferably limits the pores substantially discontinuously.
  • the pore structure limits the pores in a substantially lenticular shape, wherein an edge is advantageously arranged on a narrow side of the lens mold.
  • the pore structure substantially limits the pores to a shape different from an ellipsoidal and, in particular, continuous shape.
  • the pore structure substantially confines the pores with a shape different from a parallelepiped.
  • substantially in this context, in particular more than 50% of the pores, preferably more than 75% of the pores, should be understood. Alternatively or additionally, “substantially” could be understood as meaning more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, of a surface of the pore structure bounding the pores.
  • a strength of the material can be further increased if the magnetically active subcomponent is cantilevered.
  • self-supporting should be understood as supporting oneself in particular.
  • the strength of the subcomponent can be further increased.
  • a "support structure” is to be understood in particular an element which is intended to at least partially divert a force acting in the direction of the magnetically active subcomponent.
  • the support structure has a higher mechanical strength than the magnetically active subcomponent.
  • a mechanical oscillation of the material in particular caused by magnetostriction, can be advantageously damped by a filling medium arranged within the pore structure.
  • the filling medium is formed by an oil or an oil-containing liquid.
  • the filling medium forms a magnetically less effective, advantageously ineffective, subcomponent of the material.
  • the subcomponent is intended to substantially absorb electromagnetic oscillations, whereby a reflection of electromagnetic waves can advantageously be substantially reduced.
  • a size of the pores of the pore structure and in particular a texturing is tuned to an intended frequency of the electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnetically active material for electrical, magnetic and / or electronic applications.
  • the material has a magnetically active subcomponent 10a.
  • the subcomponent 10a is cellular.
  • the subcomponent 10a has a pore structure 12a.
  • the pore structure 12a is shown in FIG FIG. 1 isotropic. Further, the pore structure 12a is formed as a mesostructure. Electromagnetic radiations incident on sub-component 10a are largely absorbed by pore structure 12a.
  • the subcomponent 10a is formed from a metallic material.
  • the metallic material is a nickel-iron alloy in the embodiment shown.
  • the pore structure 12a has an effect with a hard magnetic or soft magnetic characteristic.
  • the subcomponent 10a is electrically effective depending on the choice of material.
  • the pore structure 12a is characterized by a plurality of cavities 14a, 16a that trap air.
  • cavities 14a, 16a that trap air.
  • other materials which appear expedient to the person skilled in the art to fill the cavities 14a, 16a, in particular liquids or inert gases.
  • the pore structure 12a is with a gas or a liquid filled, which leads to a change in a volume weight of the material and thus a change in an inertial moment.
  • the pore structure 12a is partially open and partially closed. In an interior of the pore structure 12a, the cavities 16a are formed closed. At an edge region, the cavities 14a are opened to an environment. However, it is also conceivable in this connection to form all the cavities of the subcomponent 10a open or closed.
  • a diameter of a single cavity is about 1 mm. Depending on the application, however, other diameters of the cavities are conceivable, such as in particular smaller than 50 microns or larger than 5 mm. The choice of the appropriate diameter depends in particular on a wavelength of an incident during operation and radiation to be absorbed.
  • the material is intended for use in a system having an electric motor, a transformer, a sensor, an absorption element, an electromagnet and / or an actuator. In particular, it influences field lines in the system and absorbs electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 two further embodiments of the invention are shown.
  • the following descriptions are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, it being possible to refer to the description of the first exemplary embodiment with regard to components, features and functions that remain the same.
  • the letter a in the reference numerals of the embodiment in the FIG. 1 by the letters b and c in the reference numerals of the embodiments of the FIGS. 2 and 3 replaced.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein a pore structure 12b of a sub-component 10b is mechanically and thermally treated to achieve a texturing.
  • the pore structure 12b has an anisotropic texturing 18b in the second exemplary embodiment.
  • the subcomponent 10b is cantilevered.
  • a radiation incident on the sub-component 10b is absorbed to a large extent by the texturing 18b.
  • a "size part” should be understood in this context, in particular more than 80%.
  • the sub-component 10b is intended to substantially absorb electromagnetic vibrations, whereby a reflection of electromagnetic waves can advantageously be substantially reduced.
  • the material has an inner and outer support structure 20c supporting a first subcomponent 10c.
  • the support structure 20c is made of aluminum.
  • plastics, glass fiber materials, carbon fiber materials and / or other metallic substances are also possible.
  • the second subcomponent 22c comprises an oil, a gel and / or another damping agent which appears reasonable to the person skilled in the art.
  • a vibration of the material is reduced compared to a material without introduced second sub-component.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

The material has magnetically effective partial components (10a) that are cellularly formed and provided with pore structures (12a). The pore structures are partially opened and/or closed, and exhibit an effect with hard magnetic or soft-magnetic characteristics. The pore structures are mechanically and/or thermally treated to realize texturing, and the partial components are designed in a self-supporting manner. The partial components absorb electromagnetic vibrations, and filling mediums e.g. oil or oily liquid, are provided within the pore structures. An independent claim is also included for a system comprising an electric motor.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoff.The invention is based on a magnetically active material.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind bereits magnetisch wirksame Werkstoffe, insbesondere für elektrotechnische, magnetische und/oder elektronische Anwendungen, bekannt.Magnetically active materials, in particular for electrotechnical, magnetic and / or electronic applications, are already known from the prior art.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoff, insbesondere für elektrotechnische, magnetische und/oder elektronische Anwendungen.The invention is based on a magnetically active material, in particular for electrical, magnetic and / or electronic applications.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass der Werkstoff zumindest eine magnetisch wirksame insbesondere erste Teilkomponente aufweist, die zellular ausgebildet ist und die eine Porenstruktur aufweist. Dadurch kann ein elektromagnetisches Schwingungsverhalten des Werkstoffs deutlich verbessert und ein vorzugsweise geringes Gewicht und eine im Vergleich zu einem Lamellenpaket hohe Quersteifigkeit erreicht werden. Vorzugsweise ist die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente dazu vorgesehen, eine mit einer elektromagnetischen und/oder magnetischen Schwingung empfangene Energie zumindest teilweise zu reflektieren, zu absorbieren und/oder zu leiten. Insbesondere soll unter "magnetisch wirksam" verstanden werden, dass der Werkstoff, bevorzugt die zellulare erste Teilkomponente, eine Permeabilitätszahl größer als 4, vorteilhaft größer als 40, besonders vorteilhaft größer als 100, aufweist. Vorzugsweise weist die magnetisch wirksame erste Teilkomponente eine ferromagnetische oder vorteilhaft ferrimagnetische Eigenschaft auf. Unter einer "Teilkomponente" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere eine Komponente verstanden werden, die den Werkstoff zumindest teilweise formt. Vorteilhaft bildet die erste Teilkomponente zwischen 20 % und 80 %, besonders vorteilhaft zwischen 30 % und 70 %, eines Volumens des magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoffs. Bevorzugt ist der Werkstoff von zumindest der magnetisch wirksamen ersten Teilkomponente und von zumindest einer magnetisch weniger wirksamen, vorteilhaft unwirksamen, zweiten Teilkomponente gebildet. Vorteilhaft ist die zweite Teilkomponente zumindest teilweise von Luft, von einem Öl, von einem Kunststoff, von einem Harz und/oder von einem anderen, dem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinenden Stoff gebildet. Alternativ oder zusätzlich könnte die zweite Teilkomponente zumindest teilweise von einer Umgebung des Materials abhängig sein. Vorzugsweise bildet die magnetisch wirksame erste Teilkomponente eine zusammenhängende, insbesondere schwammartig zellulare Struktur. Bevorzugt ist die magnetisch wirksame erste Teilkomponente zumindest teilweise, vorteilhaft vollständig, aus einem metallischen Material gebildet. Insbesondere ist die magnetisch wirksame erste Teilkomponente aus einem, dem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinenden Material, bevorzugt jedoch aus einem Eisenbasiswerkstoff, einem Stahl, einem Ferrit, aus Mumetall, aus einer Eisen-Silizium-Legierung, aus einem amorphen Metall und/oder aus einem nanokristallinen Metall. Insbesondere soll unter dem Begriff "zellular" verstanden werden, dass die magnetisch wirksame erste Teilkomponente mehrere Zellen aufweist. Vorteilhaft weisen die Zellen einen ähnlichen Aufbau auf. Vorzugsweise begrenzen die Zellen zueinander ähnliche Poren. Unter "ähnlich" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere verstanden werden, dass wenigstens 20 % der Zellen eine Pore mit einem Volumen begrenzen, das sich um weniger als 80 % von einem durchschnittlichen Volumen aller Poren unterscheidet. Unter einer "Porenstruktur" soll insbesondere eine Struktur verstanden werden, die mehrere Poren begrenzt. Insbesondere bildet die Porenstruktur Zellwände der Poren. Vorzugsweise ist die Porenstruktur als ein Porengerüst ausgebildet.It is proposed that the material has at least one magnetically active, in particular first, subcomponent, which is of cellular design and which has a pore structure. As a result, an electromagnetic vibration behavior of the material can be significantly improved and a preferably low weight and a high transverse rigidity compared to a disk set can be achieved. The magnetically active subcomponent is preferably provided to at least partially reflect, absorb and / or conduct energy received with an electromagnetic and / or magnetic oscillation. In particular, "magnetically active" is to be understood as meaning that the material, preferably the cellular first subcomponent, has a permeability number greater than 4, advantageously greater than 40, particularly advantageously greater than 100, has. The magnetically active first subcomponent preferably has a ferromagnetic or advantageously ferrimagnetic property. In this context, a "subcomponent" is to be understood as meaning in particular a component which at least partially forms the material. Advantageously, the first subcomponent forms between 20% and 80%, particularly advantageously between 30% and 70%, of a volume of the magnetically active material. The material is preferably formed by at least the magnetically active first subcomponent and by at least one magnetically less effective, advantageously ineffective, second subcomponent. Advantageously, the second subcomponent is at least partially formed by air, by an oil, by a plastic, by a resin and / or by another substance that appears appropriate to a person skilled in the art. Alternatively or additionally, the second subcomponent could be at least partially dependent on an environment of the material. The magnetically active first subcomponent preferably forms a coherent, in particular sponge-like, cellular structure. Preferably, the magnetically effective first subcomponent is at least partially, advantageously completely, formed from a metallic material. In particular, the magnetically effective first subcomponent is made of a material which appears expedient to a person skilled in the art, but preferably of an iron-based material, a steel, a ferrite, of mumetal, of an iron-silicon alloy, of an amorphous metal and / or of a nanocrystalline one Metal. In particular, the term "cellular" should be understood to mean that the magnetically active first subcomponent has a plurality of cells. Advantageously, the cells have a similar structure. Preferably, the cells confine pores that are similar to each other. By "similar" is meant in this context, in particular, that at least 20% of the cells define a pore having a volume that differs by less than 80% from an average volume of all pores. A "pore structure" is to be understood in particular as meaning a structure which delimits a plurality of pores. In particular, the pore structure forms cell walls of the pores. Preferably, the pore structure is formed as a pore structure.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Porenstruktur zumindest teilweise geschlossen und/oder vorteilhaft zumindest teilweise offen ausgebildet ist, wodurch eine besonders hohe Festigkeit der magnetisch wirksamen ersten Teilkomponente bereitgestellt und/oder vorteilhaft die zweite Teilkomponente in die Poren eingebracht werden kann. Unter "offen ausgebildet" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die magnetisch wirksame erste Teilkomponente miteinander verbundene Poren begrenzt. Unter "geschlossen ausgebildet" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die magnetisch wirksame erste Teilkomponente die Poren relativ zueinander abgrenzt. Vorteilhaft ist die Porenstruktur zumindest teilweise offen ausgebildet.In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the pore structure is at least partially closed and / or advantageously at least partially open, whereby a particularly high strength of the magnetically active provided first partial component and / or advantageously the second sub-component can be introduced into the pores. In this context, "openly designed" is to be understood in particular as meaning that the magnetically effective first subcomponent limits interconnected pores. In this context, the term "closed design" should be understood in particular to mean that the magnetically effective first subcomponent delimits the pores relative to one another. Advantageously, the pore structure is at least partially open.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Porenstruktur eine Wirkung mit einer hartmagnetischen oder weichmagnetischen Kennlinie aufweist, wodurch unter anderem eine besonders hohe Eigendämpfung der Teilkomponente erreicht werden kann. Vorzugsweise weist die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente eine weichmagnetische Kennlinie auf, wodurch ein vorteilhafter Einsatz des Werkstoffs in Vorrichtungen zur Energieübertragung und Energiekonvertierung möglich ist. Alternativ weist die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente eine hartmagnetische Kennlinie auf, wodurch unter anderem ein vorteilhafter Einsatz des Werkstoffs zur Abschirmung, Reflexion, Absorption von elektromagnetischen und/oder magnetischen Feldern und als Dauermagnet möglich sind. Unter einer "weichmagnetischen Kennlinie" soll insbesondere eine Kennlinie eines Materials verstanden werden, das eine Koerzitivfeldstärke kleiner als 1000 A/m aufweist. Unter einer "hartmagnetischen Kennlinie" soll insbesondere eine Kennlinie eines Materials verstanden werden, das eine Koerzitivfeldstärke größer als 1000 A/m aufweist.Furthermore, it is proposed that the pore structure has an effect with a hard-magnetic or soft-magnetic characteristic, as a result of which, inter alia, a particularly high internal damping of the subcomponent can be achieved. Preferably, the magnetically active subcomponent has a soft magnetic characteristic, whereby an advantageous use of the material in devices for energy transmission and energy conversion is possible. Alternatively, the magnetically active subcomponent has a hard magnetic characteristic, whereby, inter alia, an advantageous use of the material for shielding, reflection, absorption of electromagnetic and / or magnetic fields and as a permanent magnet are possible. A "soft magnetic characteristic" is to be understood in particular as a characteristic curve of a material which has a coercive force of less than 1000 A / m. A "hard magnetic characteristic" is to be understood in particular a characteristic of a material having a coercive force greater than 1000 A / m.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Porenstruktur zur Erzielung einer Texturierung mechanisch und/oder thermisch nachbehandelt ist, wodurch ein magnetisches Verhalten optimiert werden kann. Des Weiteren kann eine besonders hohe isotrope Festigkeit der Teilkomponente erreicht werden, insbesondere gegenüber einem Blechpaket eines vergleichbaren, konventionellen Magnetkerns. Insbesondere soll unter einer "Texturierung" verstanden werden, dass die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente entlang von zwei unterschiedlichen Richtungen unterschiedliche Strukturen aufweist. Vorzugsweise sind die Richtungen senkrecht zueinander ausgerichtet. Vorteilhaft weisen die von der magnetisch wirksamen Teilkomponente begrenzten Poren entlang der zwei unterschiedlichen Richtungen unterschiedliche durchschnittliche Haupterstreckungen auf. Vorzugsweise weist die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente in den unterschiedlichen Richtungen eine unterschiedliche Permeabilitätszahl auf. Unter "nachbehandelt" soll insbesondere verstanden werden, dass die texturierte Teilkomponente aus einer untexturierten Teilkomponente hergestellt ist. Alternativ könnte die texturierte Teilkomponente direkt hergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise ist die Teilkomponente durch zumindest eine aufgebrachte Kraft texturiert. Bevorzugt ist die Teilkomponente durch zwei senkrecht zueinander ausgerichtete Kräfte texturiert. Vorteilhaft ist die Teilkomponente während der Texturierung erwärmt. Des Weiteren kann durch die mechanische und/oder thermische Nachbehandlung eine Mikrostrukturierung der Porenstruktur erreicht werden. Insbesondere sind dem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende, vorteilhafte Korngrenzen und Kristallstrukturen möglich, wodurch ein magnetisches Verhalten des Werkstoffs weiter optimiert werden kann.In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the pore structure is mechanically and / or thermally post-treated to achieve texturing, whereby a magnetic behavior can be optimized. Furthermore, a particularly high isotropic strength of the subcomponent can be achieved, in particular with respect to a laminated core of a comparable, conventional magnetic core. In particular, a "texturing" should be understood to mean that the magnetically active component component has different structures along two different directions. Preferably, the directions are aligned perpendicular to each other. Advantageously, the pores bounded by the magnetically active subcomponent have different average main extensions along the two different directions. The magnetically active subcomponent preferably has a different one in the different directions Permeability number. By "aftertreated" is meant, in particular, that the textured subcomponent is made from an untextured subcomponent. Alternatively, the textured subcomponent could be made directly. Preferably, the subcomponent is textured by at least one applied force. Preferably, the subcomponent is textured by two perpendicularly aligned forces. Advantageously, the subcomponent is heated during texturing. Furthermore, a microstructuring of the pore structure can be achieved by the mechanical and / or thermal aftertreatment. In particular, advantageous grain boundaries and crystal structures that appear reasonable to the person skilled in the art are possible, as a result of which a magnetic behavior of the material can be further optimized.

Des Weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Porenstruktur eine Texturierung aufweist, wodurch die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente Strahlen besonders gut absorbiert und/oder leiten kann. Insbesondere kann durch die Texturierung erreicht werden, dass der Werkstoff in den unterschiedlichen Richtungen unterschiedliche magnetische Eigenschaften aufweist, wodurch Verluste insbesondere durch Wirbelströme minimiert werden können.Furthermore, it is proposed that the pore structure has a texturing, as a result of which the magnetically active component component can absorb and / or guide rays particularly well. In particular, it can be achieved by texturing that the material has different magnetic properties in the different directions, as a result of which losses, in particular due to eddy currents, can be minimized.

Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Porenstruktur Poren im Wesentlichen kantig begrenzt, wodurch eine besonders wirkungsvolle Texturierung erreicht werden kann. Insbesondere soll unter "kantig begrenzt" verstanden werden, dass die Poren begrenzende Bereiche der Porenstruktur eine Kante aufweisen. Die Porenstruktur begrenzt die Poren bevorzugt im Wesentlichen unstetig. Vorzugsweise begrenzt die Porenstruktur die Poren im Wesentlichen linsenförmig, wobei vorteilhaft an einer Schmalseite der Linsenform eine Kante angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise begrenzt die Porenstruktur die Poren im Wesentlichen mit einer von einer ellipsoiden und insbesondere stetigen Form verschiedenen Form. Des Weiteren begrenzt die Porenstruktur die Poren im Wesentlichen mit einer von einem Quader verschiedenen Form. Unter "im Wesentlichen" sollen in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere mehr als 50 % der Poren, bevorzugt mehr als 75 % der Poren, verstanden werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich könnte unter "im Wesentlichen" mehr als 50 %, bevorzugt mehr als 75 %, einer die Poren begrenzenden Fläche der Porenstruktur verstanden werden.It is also proposed that the pore structure limits pores substantially edged, whereby a particularly effective texturing can be achieved. In particular, "edged limited" is understood to mean that the pore-limiting regions of the pore structure have an edge. The pore structure preferably limits the pores substantially discontinuously. Preferably, the pore structure limits the pores in a substantially lenticular shape, wherein an edge is advantageously arranged on a narrow side of the lens mold. Preferably, the pore structure substantially limits the pores to a shape different from an ellipsoidal and, in particular, continuous shape. Furthermore, the pore structure substantially confines the pores with a shape different from a parallelepiped. By "substantially" in this context, in particular more than 50% of the pores, preferably more than 75% of the pores, should be understood. Alternatively or additionally, "substantially" could be understood as meaning more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, of a surface of the pore structure bounding the pores.

Eine Festigkeit des Werkstoffs kann weiter erhöht werden, wenn die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente freitragend ausgebildet ist. Unter "freitragend" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere sich selbst stützend verstanden werden.A strength of the material can be further increased if the magnetically active subcomponent is cantilevered. In this context, "self-supporting" should be understood as supporting oneself in particular.

Weist der Werkstoff eine die Teilkomponente tragende innere und/oder äußere Stützstruktur auf, kann die Festigkeit der Teilkomponente weiter erhöht werden. Unter einer "Stützstruktur" soll insbesondere ein Element verstanden werden, das dazu vorgesehen ist, eine in Richtung der magnetisch wirksamen Teilkomponente wirkende Kraft zumindest teilweise abzuleiten. Vorzugsweise weist die Stützstruktur eine höhere mechanische Festigkeit als die magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente auf.If the material has an inner and / or outer support structure carrying the subcomponent, the strength of the subcomponent can be further increased. A "support structure" is to be understood in particular an element which is intended to at least partially divert a force acting in the direction of the magnetically active subcomponent. Preferably, the support structure has a higher mechanical strength than the magnetically active subcomponent.

Ferner kann eine insbesondere durch Magnetostriktion verursachte mechanische Schwingung des Werkstoffs durch ein innerhalb der Porenstruktur angeordnetes Füllmedium vorteilhaft gedämpft werden. Bevorzugt ist das Füllmedium von einem Öl oder einer ölhaltigen Flüssigkeit gebildet. Vorzugsweise bildet das Füllmedium eine magnetisch weniger wirksame, vorteilhaft unwirksame, Teilkomponente des Materials.Furthermore, a mechanical oscillation of the material, in particular caused by magnetostriction, can be advantageously damped by a filling medium arranged within the pore structure. Preferably, the filling medium is formed by an oil or an oil-containing liquid. Preferably, the filling medium forms a magnetically less effective, advantageously ineffective, subcomponent of the material.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Teilkomponente dazu vorgesehen ist, elektromagnetische Schwingungen wesentlich zu absorbieren, wodurch eine Reflexion von elektromagnetischen Wellen vorteilhaft wesentlich verringert werden kann. Vorzugsweise ist eine Größe der Poren der Porenstruktur und insbesondere eine Texturierung auf eine vorgesehene Frequenz der elektromagnetischen Wellen abgestimmt.In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the subcomponent is intended to substantially absorb electromagnetic oscillations, whereby a reflection of electromagnetic waves can advantageously be substantially reduced. Preferably, a size of the pores of the pore structure and in particular a texturing is tuned to an intended frequency of the electromagnetic waves.

Zeichnungdrawing

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der folgenden Zeichnungsbeschreibung. In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Die Zeichnungen, die Beschreibung und die Ansprüche enthalten zahlreiche Merkmale in Kombination. Der Fachmann wird die Merkmale zweckmäßigerweise auch einzeln betrachten und zu sinnvollen weiteren Kombinationen zusammenfassen.Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawings, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht auf einen magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoff,
Fig.2
eine Draufsicht auf den magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoff nach Figur 1 mit einer Texturierung und
Fig. 3
einen Halbschnitt durch den magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoff nach Figur 1 mit einer inneren und äußeren Tragstruktur.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a plan view of a magnetically active material,
Fig.2
a plan view of the magnetically active material after FIG. 1 with a texturing and
Fig. 3
a half-section through the magnetically active material after FIG. 1 with an inner and outer support structure.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Figur 1 zeigt einen magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoff für elektrotechnische, magnetische und/oder elektronische Anwendungen. Der Werkstoff weist eine magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente 10a auf. Die Teilkomponente 10a ist zellular ausgebildet. Ferner weist die Teilkomponente 10a eine Porenstruktur 12a auf. Die Porenstruktur 12a ist in der gezeigten Figur 1 isotrop. Ferner ist die Porenstruktur 12a als Mesostruktur ausgebildet. Auf die Teilkomponente 10a auftreffende elektromagnetische Strahlungen werden durch die Porenstruktur 12a zu einem großen Teil absorbiert. Die Teilkomponente 10a ist dabei aus einem metallischen Material gebildet. Das metallische Material ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Nickel-Eisen-Legierung. Es sind in diesem Zusammenhang jedoch auch andere, dem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Materialien denkbar, wie insbesondere Nickel oder Kobalt, bzw. Nickel- oder Kobaltlegierungen, wie Kobalt-Eisen-Legierungen. Ferner sind auch Materialen, wie Eisenbasiswerkstoffe, Ferrite, Stahl oder Eisen-Silizium-Legierungen, denkbar. Je nach Materialwahl weist die Porenstruktur 12a eine Wirkung mit einer hartmagnetischen oder weichmagnetischen Kennlinie auf. Ferner ist die Teilkomponente 10a je nach Materialwahl elektrisch wirksam. FIG. 1 shows a magnetically active material for electrical, magnetic and / or electronic applications. The material has a magnetically active subcomponent 10a. The subcomponent 10a is cellular. Furthermore, the subcomponent 10a has a pore structure 12a. The pore structure 12a is shown in FIG FIG. 1 isotropic. Further, the pore structure 12a is formed as a mesostructure. Electromagnetic radiations incident on sub-component 10a are largely absorbed by pore structure 12a. The subcomponent 10a is formed from a metallic material. The metallic material is a nickel-iron alloy in the embodiment shown. In this context, however, other materials which appear expedient to the person skilled in the art are conceivable, in particular nickel or cobalt, or nickel or cobalt alloys, such as cobalt-iron alloys. Furthermore, materials such as iron-based materials, ferrites, steel or iron-silicon alloys, conceivable. Depending on the choice of material, the pore structure 12a has an effect with a hard magnetic or soft magnetic characteristic. Furthermore, the subcomponent 10a is electrically effective depending on the choice of material.

Die Porenstruktur 12a zeichnet sich durch eine Vielzahl an Hohlräumen 14a, 16a aus, die Luft einschließen. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang jedoch auch denkbar, andere, dem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Stoffe zur Füllung der Hohlräume 14a, 16a zu verwenden, wie insbesondere Flüssigkeiten oder inerte Gase. Je nach Anwendungsbereich des Werkstoffs ist die Porenstruktur 12a mit einem Gas oder einer Flüssigkeit gefüllt, was zu einer Veränderung eines Volumengewichts des Werkstoffs und damit einer Veränderung eines Trägheitsmoments führt.The pore structure 12a is characterized by a plurality of cavities 14a, 16a that trap air. In this context, however, it is also conceivable to use other materials which appear expedient to the person skilled in the art to fill the cavities 14a, 16a, in particular liquids or inert gases. Depending on the area of application of the material, the pore structure 12a is with a gas or a liquid filled, which leads to a change in a volume weight of the material and thus a change in an inertial moment.

Die Porenstruktur 12a ist teilweise offen und teilweise geschlossen ausgebildet. In einem Inneren der Porenstruktur 12a sind die Hohlräume 16a geschlossen ausgebildet. An einem Randbereich sind die Hohlräume 14a zu einer Umgebung hin geöffnet. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang jedoch auch denkbar, alle Hohlräume der Teilkomponente 10a offen oder geschlossen auszubilden. Ein Durchmesser eines einzelnen Hohlraums beträgt etwa 1 mm. Je nach Anwendungsbereich sind jedoch auch andere Durchmesser der Hohlräume denkbar, wie insbesondere kleiner als 50µm oder größer als 5mm. Die Wahl des geeigneten Durchmessers hängt dabei insbesondere von einer Wellenlänge einer im Betrieb auftreffenden und zu absorbierenden Strahlung ab.The pore structure 12a is partially open and partially closed. In an interior of the pore structure 12a, the cavities 16a are formed closed. At an edge region, the cavities 14a are opened to an environment. However, it is also conceivable in this connection to form all the cavities of the subcomponent 10a open or closed. A diameter of a single cavity is about 1 mm. Depending on the application, however, other diameters of the cavities are conceivable, such as in particular smaller than 50 microns or larger than 5 mm. The choice of the appropriate diameter depends in particular on a wavelength of an incident during operation and radiation to be absorbed.

Der Werkstoff ist zu einer Anwendung in einem System mit einem Elektromotor, einem Transformator, einem Sensor, einem Absorptionselement, einem Elektromagnet und/oder einem Aktor vorgesehen. Er beeinflusst in dem System insbesondere Feldlinien und absorbiert elektromagnetische Strahlung.The material is intended for use in a system having an electric motor, a transformer, a sensor, an absorption element, an electromagnet and / or an actuator. In particular, it influences field lines in the system and absorbs electromagnetic radiation.

In den Figuren 2 und 3 sind zwei weitere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung gezeigt. Die nachfolgenden Beschreibungen beschränken sich im Wesentlichen auf die Unterschiede zwischen den Ausführungsbeispielen, wobei bezüglich gleich bleibender Bauteile, Merkmale und Funktionen auf die Beschreibung des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels verwiesen werden kann. Zur Unterscheidung der Ausführungsbeispiele ist der Buchstabe a in den Bezugszeichen des Ausführungsbeispiels in den Figur 1 durch die Buchstaben b und c in den Bezugszeichen der Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 2 und 3 ersetzt. Bezüglich gleich bezeichneter Bauteile, insbesondere in Bezug auf Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen, kann grundsätzlich auch auf die Zeichnungen und/oder die Beschreibung des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels verwiesen werden.In the FIGS. 2 and 3 two further embodiments of the invention are shown. The following descriptions are essentially limited to the differences between the exemplary embodiments, it being possible to refer to the description of the first exemplary embodiment with regard to components, features and functions that remain the same. To distinguish the embodiments, the letter a in the reference numerals of the embodiment in the FIG. 1 by the letters b and c in the reference numerals of the embodiments of the FIGS. 2 and 3 replaced. With regard to the same named components, in particular with respect to components with the same reference numerals, in principle, reference may also be made to the drawings and / or the description of the first embodiment.

Figur 2 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobei eine Porenstruktur 12b einer Teilkomponente 10b zur Erzielung einer Texturierung mechanisch und thermisch nachbehandelt ist. Die Porenstruktur 12b weist im zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel eine anisotrope Texturierung 18b auf. Ferner ist die Teilkomponente 10b freitragend ausgebildet. FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention, wherein a pore structure 12b of a sub-component 10b is mechanically and thermally treated to achieve a texturing. The pore structure 12b has an anisotropic texturing 18b in the second exemplary embodiment. Furthermore, the subcomponent 10b is cantilevered.

Eine auf die Teilkomponente 10b auftreffende Strahlung wird durch die Texturierung 18b zu einem Großteil absorbiert. Unter einem "Größteil" soll in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere mehr als 80% verstanden werden.A radiation incident on the sub-component 10b is absorbed to a large extent by the texturing 18b. A "size part" should be understood in this context, in particular more than 80%.

Die Teilkomponente 10b ist dazu vorgesehen ist, elektromagnetische Schwingungen wesentlich zu absorbieren, wodurch eine Reflexion von elektromagnetischen Wellen vorteilhaft wesentlich verringert werden kann.The sub-component 10b is intended to substantially absorb electromagnetic vibrations, whereby a reflection of electromagnetic waves can advantageously be substantially reduced.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel, wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, weist der Werkstoff eine eine erste Teilkomponente 10c tragende innere und äußere Stützstruktur 20c auf. Die Stützstruktur 20c ist aus Aluminium hergestellt. Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang jedoch auch denkbar, andere, dem Fachmann als sinnvoll erscheinende Materialien für die Stützstruktur 20c einzusetzen, wie insbesondere Kunststoffe, Glasfaserstoffe, Kohlenfaserstoffe und/oder weitere metallische Stoffe.In a further embodiment, as in FIG. 3 As shown, the material has an inner and outer support structure 20c supporting a first subcomponent 10c. The support structure 20c is made of aluminum. However, it is also conceivable in this connection to use other materials which the expert considers useful for the support structure 20c, in particular plastics, glass fiber materials, carbon fiber materials and / or other metallic substances.

Durch Einbringen von einer zweiten Teilkomponente 22c in die erste Teilkomponente 10c wird die Eigendämpfung des Werkstoffs erhöht. Die zweite Teilkomponente 22c weist ein Öl, ein Gel und/oder ein anderes, dem Fachmann sinnvoll erscheinendes Dämpfungsmittel auf. Insbesondere bei einer Anwendung des Werkstoffs in einem durch einen Wechselstrom erzeugten magnetischen Feld wird eine Vibration des Werkstoffs gegenüber einem Werkstoff ohne eingebrachter zweiter Teilkomponente reduziert.By introducing a second subcomponent 22c into the first subcomponent 10c, the internal damping of the material is increased. The second subcomponent 22c comprises an oil, a gel and / or another damping agent which appears reasonable to the person skilled in the art. In particular, in an application of the material in a magnetic field generated by an alternating current, a vibration of the material is reduced compared to a material without introduced second sub-component.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

1010
Teilkomponentesubcomponent
1212
Porenstrukturpore structure
1414
Hohlraumcavity
1616
Hohlraumcavity
1818
Texturierungtexturing
2020
Stützstruktursupport structure
2222
Teilkomponentesubcomponent

Claims (11)

Magnetisch wirksamer Werkstoff, insbesondere für elektrotechnische, magnetische und/oder elektronische Anwendungen, gekennzeichnet durch zumindest eine magnetisch wirksame Teilkomponente (10a-c), die zellular ausgebildet ist, die eine Porenstruktur (12a-c) aufweist.Magnetically effective material, in particular for electrotechnical, magnetic and / or electronic applications, characterized by at least one magnetically active subcomponent (10a-c), which is of cellular design, which has a pore structure (12a-c). Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porenstruktur (12a-c) zumindest teilweise offen und/oder geschlossen ausgebildet ist.Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the pore structure (12a-c) is at least partially open and / or closed. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porenstruktur (12a-c) eine Wirkung mit einer hartmagnetischen oder weichmagnetischen Kennlinie aufweist.Material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pore structure (12a-c) has an effect with a hard magnetic or soft magnetic characteristic. Werkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porenstruktur (12a-c) zur Erzielung einer Texturierung (18b-c) mechanisch und/oder thermisch nachbehandelt ist.Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pore structure (12a-c) to achieve a texturing (18b-c) is mechanically and / or thermally treated. Werkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porenstruktur (12a-c) eine Texturierung (18b-c) aufweist.Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pore structure (12a-c) has a texturing (18b-c). Werkstoff nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Porenstruktur (12b-c) Poren im Wesentlichen kantig begrenzt.Material according to claim 5, characterized in that the pore structure (12b-c) limits pores substantially edged. Werkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilkomponente (10a-c) freitragend ausgebildet ist.Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the subcomponent (10a-c) is cantilevered. Werkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch eine die Teilkomponente (10a-c) tragende innere und/oder äußere Stützstruktur (20c).Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an inner and / or outer support structure (20c) carrying the sub-component (10a-c). Werkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein innerhalb der Porenstruktur (12a-c) angeordnetes Füllmedium (22c).Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a filling medium (22c) arranged within the pore structure (12a-c). Werkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Teilkomponente (10a-c) dazu vorgesehen ist, elektromagnetische Schwingungen wesentlich zu absorbieren.Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the subcomponent (10a-c) is intended to substantially absorb electromagnetic oscillations. System mit einem Elektromotor, einem Transformator, einem Sensor, einem Absorptionselement, einem Elektromagnet und/oder einem Aktor mit einem magnetisch wirksamen Werkstoff nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.System having an electric motor, a transformer, a sensor, an absorption element, an electromagnet and / or an actuator with a magnetically active material according to one of the preceding claims.
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