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EP2593988B1 - Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission - Google Patents

Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2593988B1
EP2593988B1 EP11743122.1A EP11743122A EP2593988B1 EP 2593988 B1 EP2593988 B1 EP 2593988B1 EP 11743122 A EP11743122 A EP 11743122A EP 2593988 B1 EP2593988 B1 EP 2593988B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mhz
radiating element
waves
frequency
high frequency
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EP11743122.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2593988A1 (en
Inventor
Alain Moliere
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Priority to PL11743122T priority Critical patent/PL2593988T3/en
Publication of EP2593988A1 publication Critical patent/EP2593988A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/30—Means for trailing antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
    • H01Q5/321—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wire antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention applies to the field of radio communication in the high frequency bands (HF for "high frequency” in English) and very low frequency (VLF TBF or to "very low frequency” in English), extending respectively 3 at 30 MHz and 3 and 30 kHz.
  • Submarines transmit and receive signals via wired antennas towed or towed by submarines, the buoyancy of which is such that the antennas are close to the surface while the submarine is submerged at a greater depth.
  • These wire antennas are electrically dimensioned to operate at very low frequency because the TBF waves penetrate to a depth of 10 to 50 m in water, depending on the frequency and salinity of the water, unlike high frequency waves (HF ) which penetrate little into the water.
  • HF high frequency waves
  • the ideal length of the radiating element of the wire antenna is equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the waves to be emitted, that is to say a quarter of the speed of the wave in the propagation medium by its frequency. This is called a quarter wave antenna.
  • the wired antennas TBF (or VLF), that is to say adapted to operate in the very low frequency band, are much shorter than the ideal length. This is the case with the current TBF wired reception antennas, which are much shorter than theory would like but sensitive enough to receive waves from the TBF band (VLF in English). It turns out that this length can reach the ideal length necessary for transmission at the start of the high frequency band at a few MHz.
  • TBF antennas are not adapted to operate in the rest of the high frequency band.
  • antenna box To use a wire antenna at frequencies which do not correspond to the physical length or height of the radiating element, there are electronic adaptation circuits placed at the foot of the antenna, when the latter is aerial, called antenna “adapter box”.
  • a disadvantage of this device is that the adaptation has to be done differently for each frequency used.
  • the adapter boxes contain around 25 components to be used in a combinatorial manner (ie 25 combinations) determined by a computer.
  • the volume of such an adaptation system is proportional to the power delivered by the transmitter, approximately 200 L for a 500 W transmitter, which is not adaptable to a submarine.
  • the document US2010 / 0045545 (Tonn) describes a transmission system comprising a radiating element with a pass band containing part of the high frequency band, which can be used for a submarine close to the surface.
  • the antenna cannot be used at great depths.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome this drawback of adapting the antenna to transmission in the high frequency band.
  • the subject of the invention is a wire antenna according to claim 1.
  • the wire antenna includes one or more of the features of claims 2 to 6.
  • the invention also relates to an emission system according to claim 7.
  • the transmission system comprises the features of claim 8.
  • the invention also relates to an underwater vehicle according to claim 9.
  • the invention relates to a wire antenna 2 connected to a submarine 4.
  • the wire antenna 2 is deployed and towed by the submarine while floating from its end on the surface of the water 5.
  • the wire antenna 2 comprises a coaxial cable 6 and a floating radiating element 8.
  • the coaxial cable 6 is connected at one end 6A to the radiating element 8 and at the other end 6B to the submarine 4.
  • the wired antenna 2 is of the “wired TBF antenna” type, that is to say adapted to operate at very low frequency between 3 and 30 kHz and in particular to receive TBF waves (VLF in English).
  • the radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2 has a shorter length than theory would like but is sensitive enough to receive waves of the TBF band between 3 kHz and 30 kHz.
  • the length is substantially equal to the ideal length necessary for transmission at the start of the high frequency band at a few MHz.
  • a length is substantially between 10 and 40 m to emit waves at around 6 MHz.
  • the wired antenna 2 includes a switching system 12 located in the submarine 4 and electrically connected to the coaxial cable 6 making it possible to switch between operation at high frequency (transmission and reception) and operation at very low frequency ( reception).
  • the wire antenna 2 further comprises at least one insulator filter 14 disposed on the radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2.
  • the radiating element 8 is electrically cut in several places to place the different insulating filters 14. This electric cut is similar to the electric cut made between the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 which transports the signal received to a receiver of the sub -marine 4. In known manner, a mechanical assembly ensures the maintenance between the different sections of the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 or the insulating filters 14.
  • Each isolating filter 14 is an electrical circuit comprising an inductor 16 and a capacitor 18 in parallel, as shown in the figure 2 and commonly called a plug circuit.
  • F 2 1 / (4 ⁇ 2 LC).
  • the value of the inductance is of the order of 1 ⁇ H.
  • the ratio between the value L of the inductance 16 and the value C of the capacitor 18 determines the bandwidth of the isolating filter 14 around the central frequency F.
  • the passband width is substantially equal to 2 MHz around the center frequency.
  • Each isolating filter 14 is disposed on the radiating element 8 at a fixed distance from the end of the radiating element 8 connected to the coaxial cable 6.
  • this distance is preferably equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the high frequency wave to be transmitted, to form a "quarter-wave antenna".
  • the distance is between a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in water and a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in air.
  • the distance is equal to three quarters of the speed ratio divided by the frequency of the wave. In known manner, it is a "three-quarter wave antenna". For the same frequency, the efficiency will be less good than for a quarter-wave antenna.
  • each isolating filter 14 makes it possible to adjust the length of the TBF antenna (VLF in English) to a virtual length shorter than the physical length.
  • This virtual length allows the section of the radiating element located between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the isolating filter 14 to emit in the high frequency band.
  • the wire antenna can be cut into as many frequency bands as desired, separated by isolating filters dimensioned as a function of the central frequency of each band.
  • the radiating element is then dimensioned to emit high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.
  • the invention also relates to a transmission system comprising a transmitter of high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz and a wire antenna as described above for transmitting these waves.
  • the wire antenna is connected to the transmitter.
  • this transmission system includes a receiver of waves of very low frequencies between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and high frequencies between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.
  • the receiver is connected with the same wire antenna to receive these waves.
  • the submarine 4 includes such an emission system for emitting high frequency waves.
  • each isolating filter comprises an inductance 16a, 16b and a capacity 18a, 18b, of respective values La, Lb, Ca and Cb.
  • the first isolating filter 14a and the second isolating filter 14b are placed respectively at a distance L1 and L2 from the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 on the radiating element 8 in order to cut it into three sections.
  • the submarine When the switching system 12 is in the switching position suitable for high frequency operation, the submarine emits the wave at the desired HF frequency which is transmitted to the radiating element 8 by the coaxial cable 6. Depending on the HF frequency of the wave, the first section ER1 or the second section ER2 radiates towards a receiver of the wave.
  • the switching system 12 in the submarine is positioned / activated in the operating position at very low frequency.
  • the electrical circuits of the isolating filters are then transparent in the TBF frequency band, and provide the wired antenna with the same performance as before in this band.
  • the wire antenna according to the invention is capable of operating in transmission in the high frequency domain and in reception in the very low frequency and high frequency domains.
  • the adaptation is made in a simple manner relative to the adaptation boxes and fixed for a plurality of central working frequencies, preferably two or three, distributed in the high frequency band.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une antenne filaire selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a wire antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.

L'invention s'applique au domaine de la radiocommunication dans les bandes haute fréquence (HF pour « high frequency » en anglais) et très basse fréquence (TBF ou VLF pour « very low frequency » en anglais), s'étendant respectivement de 3 à 30 MHz et de 3 et 30 kHz.The invention applies to the field of radio communication in the high frequency bands (HF for "high frequency" in English) and very low frequency (VLF TBF or to "very low frequency" in English), extending respectively 3 at 30 MHz and 3 and 30 kHz.

Les sous-marins transmettent et reçoivent des signaux via des antennes filaires remorquées ou tractées par les sous-marins, dont la flottabilité est telle que les antennes sont proches de la surface pendant que le sous-marin est en immersion à une plus grande profondeur.Submarines transmit and receive signals via wired antennas towed or towed by submarines, the buoyancy of which is such that the antennas are close to the surface while the submarine is submerged at a greater depth.

Ces antennes filaires sont dimensionnées électriquement pour fonctionner à très basse fréquence car les ondes TBF pénètrent jusqu'à une profondeur de 10 à 50 m dans l'eau, selon la fréquence et la salinité de l'eau, contrairement aux ondes hautes fréquences (HF) qui pénètrent peu dans l'eau.These wire antennas are electrically dimensioned to operate at very low frequency because the TBF waves penetrate to a depth of 10 to 50 m in water, depending on the frequency and salinity of the water, unlike high frequency waves (HF ) which penetrate little into the water.

De façon connue, la longueur idéale de l'élément rayonnant de l'antenne filaire est égale au quart de la longueur d'onde des ondes à émettre, c'est-à-dire le quart du rapport de la célérité de l'onde dans le milieu de propagation par sa fréquence. C'est ce qu'on appelle une antenne quart d'onde.In known manner, the ideal length of the radiating element of the wire antenna is equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the waves to be emitted, that is to say a quarter of the speed of the wave in the propagation medium by its frequency. This is called a quarter wave antenna.

En pratique, les antennes filaires TBF (ou VLF), c'est-à-dire adaptée à fonctionner dans la bande très basse fréquence, sont beaucoup plus courtes que la longueur idéale. C'est le cas des antennes filaires TBF de réception actuelles, qui sont bien plus courtes que la théorie le voudrait mais suffisamment sensibles pour recevoir des ondes de la bande TBF (VLF en anglais). Il se trouve que cette longueur peut atteindre la longueur idéale nécessaire pour l'émission en début de la bande haute fréquence à quelques MHz.In practice, the wired antennas TBF (or VLF), that is to say adapted to operate in the very low frequency band, are much shorter than the ideal length. This is the case with the current TBF wired reception antennas, which are much shorter than theory would like but sensitive enough to receive waves from the TBF band (VLF in English). It turns out that this length can reach the ideal length necessary for transmission at the start of the high frequency band at a few MHz.

Néanmoins, ces antennes TBF ne sont pas adaptées pour fonctionner dans le reste de la bande haute fréquence.However, these TBF antennas are not adapted to operate in the rest of the high frequency band.

De même, pour utiliser une antenne filaire à des fréquences qui ne correspondent pas à la longueur ou hauteur physique de l'élément rayonnant, il existe des circuits électroniques d'adaptation disposés au pied de l'antenne, lorsque celle-ci est aérienne, appelés « boîte d'adaptation » d'antenne. Un inconvénient de ce dispositif est que l'adaptation est à faire de manière différente pour chaque fréquence utilisée. Par exemple, dans la gamme haute fréquence, les boîtes d'adaptation contiennent environ 25 composants à utiliser de manière combinatoire (soit 225 combinaisons) déterminés par un calculateur. En outre, le volume d'un tel système d'adaptation est proportionnel à la puissance délivré par l'émetteur, soit environ 200 L pour un émetteur de 500 W, ce qui n'est pas adaptable à un sous-marin. Le document US2010/0045545 (Tonn) décrit un système d'émission comportant un élément rayonnant avec une bande passante contenant une partie de la bande hautes fréquences, qui peut être utilisé pour un sous-marin proche de la surface. L'antenne ne peut toutefois pas être utilisée à grande profondeur.Similarly, to use a wire antenna at frequencies which do not correspond to the physical length or height of the radiating element, there are electronic adaptation circuits placed at the foot of the antenna, when the latter is aerial, called antenna “adapter box”. A disadvantage of this device is that the adaptation has to be done differently for each frequency used. For example, in the high frequency range, the adapter boxes contain around 25 components to be used in a combinatorial manner (ie 25 combinations) determined by a computer. In addition, the volume of such an adaptation system is proportional to the power delivered by the transmitter, approximately 200 L for a 500 W transmitter, which is not adaptable to a submarine. The document US2010 / 0045545 (Tonn) describes a transmission system comprising a radiating element with a pass band containing part of the high frequency band, which can be used for a submarine close to the surface. However, the antenna cannot be used at great depths.

Le but de l'invention est de pallier cet inconvénient d'adaptation de l'antenne à l'émission dans la bande haute fréquence.The object of the invention is to overcome this drawback of adapting the antenna to transmission in the high frequency band.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet, une antenne filaire selon la revendication 1.To this end, the subject of the invention is a wire antenna according to claim 1.

Suivant des modes particuliers de réalisation, l'antenne filaire comporte l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques des revendications 2 à 6.According to particular embodiments, the wire antenna includes one or more of the features of claims 2 to 6.

L'invention a également pour objet un système d'émission selon la revendication 7.The invention also relates to an emission system according to claim 7.

Suivant un mode particulier de réalisation, le système d'émission comprend les caractéristiques de la revendication 8.According to a particular embodiment, the transmission system comprises the features of claim 8.

L'invention a également pour objet un véhicule sous-marin selon la revendication 9.The invention also relates to an underwater vehicle according to claim 9.

L'invention sera mieux comprise a la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple, et faite en se référant aux dessins, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une antenne filaire selon l'invention connectée à un sous-marin,
  • la figure 2 est une vue agrandie d'une partie de l'antenne filaire de la figure 1, et
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'une antenne filaire selon l'invention comprenant deux filtres isolateurs.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and made with reference to the drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a schematic view of a wire antenna according to the invention connected to a submarine,
  • the figure 2 is an enlarged view of part of the wire antenna of the figure 1 , and
  • the figure 3 is a schematic view of a wire antenna according to the invention comprising two isolating filters.

En référence à la figure 1, l'invention concerne une antenne filaire 2 connectée à un sous-marin 4.With reference to the figure 1 , the invention relates to a wire antenna 2 connected to a submarine 4.

Lorsque le sous-marin souhaite communiquer en haute fréquence ou très basse fréquence tout en restant en immersion profonde, l'antenne filaire 2 est déployée et tractée par le sous-marin tout en flottant depuis son extrémité à la surface de l'eau 5.When the submarine wishes to communicate at high frequency or very low frequency while remaining in deep immersion, the wire antenna 2 is deployed and towed by the submarine while floating from its end on the surface of the water 5.

L'antenne filaire 2 comprend un câble coaxial 6 et un élément rayonnant 8 flottant.The wire antenna 2 comprises a coaxial cable 6 and a floating radiating element 8.

Le câble coaxial 6 est relié à une extrémité 6A à l'élément rayonnant 8 et à l'autre extrémité 6B au sous-marin 4.The coaxial cable 6 is connected at one end 6A to the radiating element 8 and at the other end 6B to the submarine 4.

L'antenne filaire 2 est du type « antenne filaire TBF », c'est-à-dire adaptée à fonctionner à très basse fréquence entre 3 et 30 kHz et en particulier à recevoir des ondes TBF (VLF en anglais).The wired antenna 2 is of the “wired TBF antenna” type, that is to say adapted to operate at very low frequency between 3 and 30 kHz and in particular to receive TBF waves (VLF in English).

L'élément rayonnant 8 de l'antenne filaire 2 a une longueur plus courte que la théorie le voudrait mais est suffisamment sensible pour recevoir des ondes de la bande TBF entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz. La longueur est sensiblement égale à la longueur idéale nécessaire pour l'émission en début de la bande haute fréquence à quelques MHz. Par exemple, une longueur est sensiblement comprise entre 10 et 40 m pour émettre des ondes à environ 6 MHz.The radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2 has a shorter length than theory would like but is sensitive enough to receive waves of the TBF band between 3 kHz and 30 kHz. The length is substantially equal to the ideal length necessary for transmission at the start of the high frequency band at a few MHz. For example, a length is substantially between 10 and 40 m to emit waves at around 6 MHz.

En outre, l'antenne filaire 2 comporte un système de commutation 12 situé dans le sous-marin 4 et connecté électriquement au câble coaxial 6 permettant de commuter entre le fonctionnement en haute fréquence (émission et réception) et le fonctionnement en très basse fréquence (réception). L'antenne filaire 2 comprend en outre au moins un filtre isolateur 14 disposé sur l'élément rayonnant 8 de l'antenne filaire 2.In addition, the wired antenna 2 includes a switching system 12 located in the submarine 4 and electrically connected to the coaxial cable 6 making it possible to switch between operation at high frequency (transmission and reception) and operation at very low frequency ( reception). The wire antenna 2 further comprises at least one insulator filter 14 disposed on the radiating element 8 of the wire antenna 2.

L'élément rayonnant 8 est électriquement coupé en plusieurs endroits pour placer les différents filtres isolateurs 14. Cette coupure électrique est similaire à la coupure électrique réalisée entre l'élément rayonnant 8 et le câble coaxial 6 qui transporte le signal reçu à un récepteur du sous-marin 4. De façon connue, un assemblage mécanique assure le maintien entre les différents tronçons de l'élément rayonnant 8 et le câble coaxial 6 ou les filtres isolateurs 14.The radiating element 8 is electrically cut in several places to place the different insulating filters 14. This electric cut is similar to the electric cut made between the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 which transports the signal received to a receiver of the sub -marine 4. In known manner, a mechanical assembly ensures the maintenance between the different sections of the radiating element 8 and the coaxial cable 6 or the insulating filters 14.

Chaque filtre isolateur 14 est un circuit électrique comprenant une inductance 16 et une capacité 18 en parallèle, tel que représenté sur la figure 2 et communément appelé circuit bouchon.Each isolating filter 14 is an electrical circuit comprising an inductor 16 and a capacitor 18 in parallel, as shown in the figure 2 and commonly called a plug circuit.

Les valeurs L de l'inductance 16 et C de la capacité 18 sont choisies en fonction de la fréquence centrale F d'émission dans la bande haute fréquence désirée, selon la relation mathématique F2 = 1/(4π2LC). Par exemple, la valeur de l'inductance est de l'ordre de 1 µH.The values L of the inductance 16 and C of the capacitor 18 are chosen as a function of the central frequency F of emission in the desired high frequency band, according to the mathematical relation F 2 = 1 / (4π 2 LC). For example, the value of the inductance is of the order of 1 µH.

De façon connue, le rapport entre la valeur L de l'inductance 16 et la valeur C de la capacité 18 détermine la largeur de bande du filtre isolateur 14 autour de la fréquence centrale F. La largeur de bande passante est sensiblement égale à 2 MHz autour de la fréquence centrale.In known manner, the ratio between the value L of the inductance 16 and the value C of the capacitor 18 determines the bandwidth of the isolating filter 14 around the central frequency F. The passband width is substantially equal to 2 MHz around the center frequency.

Chaque filtre isolateur 14 est disposé sur l'élément rayonnant 8 à une distance fixe de l'extrémité de l'élément rayonnant 8 reliée au câble coaxial 6.Each isolating filter 14 is disposed on the radiating element 8 at a fixed distance from the end of the radiating element 8 connected to the coaxial cable 6.

De façon connue, cette distance est de préférence égale au quart de la longueur d'onde de l'onde haute fréquence à émettre, pour former une « antenne quart-d'onde ».In known manner, this distance is preferably equal to a quarter of the wavelength of the high frequency wave to be transmitted, to form a "quarter-wave antenna".

La distance est comprise entre le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'eau et le quart de la longueur d'onde d'une onde haute fréquence dans l'air.The distance is between a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in water and a quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in air.

Selon une variante, la distance est égale au trois quart du rapport de la célérité divisée par la fréquence de l'onde. De façon connue, il s'agit d'une « antenne trois-quarts d'onde ». Pour une même fréquence, l'efficacité sera moins bonne que pour une antenne quart-d'onde.According to a variant, the distance is equal to three quarters of the speed ratio divided by the frequency of the wave. In known manner, it is a "three-quarter wave antenna". For the same frequency, the efficiency will be less good than for a quarter-wave antenna.

Ainsi, chaque filtre isolateur 14 permet d'ajuster la longueur de l'antenne TBF (VLF en anglais) à une longueur virtuelle plus courte que la longueur physique. Cette longueur virtuelle permet au tronçon de l'élément rayonnant situé entre l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 et le filtre isolateur 14 d'émettre dans la bande haute fréquence.Thus, each isolating filter 14 makes it possible to adjust the length of the TBF antenna (VLF in English) to a virtual length shorter than the physical length. This virtual length allows the section of the radiating element located between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the isolating filter 14 to emit in the high frequency band.

Ainsi, l'antenne filaire peut être tronçonnée en autant de bandes de fréquence que désirées, séparées par des filtres isolateurs dimensionnés en fonction de la fréquence centrale de chaque bande. L'élément rayonnant est alors dimensionné pour émettre des ondes hautes fréquences entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz.Thus, the wire antenna can be cut into as many frequency bands as desired, separated by isolating filters dimensioned as a function of the central frequency of each band. The radiating element is then dimensioned to emit high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz.

L'invention concerne également un système d'émission comportant un émetteur d'ondes de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz et une antenne filaire telle que décrite précédemment pour émettre ces ondes. L'antenne filaire est connectée à l'émetteur.The invention also relates to a transmission system comprising a transmitter of high frequency waves between 3 MHz and 30 MHz and a wire antenna as described above for transmitting these waves. The wire antenna is connected to the transmitter.

En outre, ce système d'émission comprend un récepteur d'ondes de très basses fréquences comprises entre 3 kHz et 30 kHz et de hautes fréquences comprises entre 3 MHz et 30 MHz. Le récepteur est connecté avec la même antenne filaire pour recevoir ces ondes.In addition, this transmission system includes a receiver of waves of very low frequencies between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and high frequencies between 3 MHz and 30 MHz. The receiver is connected with the same wire antenna to receive these waves.

Le sous-marin 4 comporte un tel système d'émission pour émettre des ondes hautes fréquences.The submarine 4 includes such an emission system for emitting high frequency waves.

Le fonctionnement de l'antenne filaire va maintenant être détaillé en regard de la figure 3 qui représente une antenne filaire selon l'invention comprenant deux filtres isolateurs notés 14a et 14b. Chaque filtre isolateur comprend une inductance 16a, 16b et une capacité 18a, 18b, de valeurs respectives La, Lb, Ca et Cb.The operation of the wire antenna will now be detailed with regard to the figure 3 which represents a wire antenna according to the invention comprising two isolating filters denoted 14a and 14b. Each isolating filter comprises an inductance 16a, 16b and a capacity 18a, 18b, of respective values La, Lb, Ca and Cb.

Le premier filtre isolateur 14a et le second filtre isolateur 14b sont placés respectivement à une distance L1 et L2 de l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 sur l'élément rayonnant 8 afin de le découper en trois tronçons.The first isolating filter 14a and the second isolating filter 14b are placed respectively at a distance L1 and L2 from the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 on the radiating element 8 in order to cut it into three sections.

Le premier tronçon de l'élément rayonnant 8 de l'antenne filaire TBF situé entre l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 et le premier filtre isolateur 14a est noté ER1 et forme un premier élément rayonnant adapté pour émettre une onde de fréquence F1 égale à F12 = 1/(4π2LaCa) appartenant à la bande haute fréquence.The first section of the radiating element 8 of the wired antenna TBF located between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the first isolating filter 14a is denoted ER1 and forms a first radiating element suitable for emitting a wave of frequency F1 equal to F1 2 = 1 / (4π 2 LaCa) belonging to the high frequency band.

De même, le second tronçon situé entre l'extrémité 6A du câble coaxial 6 et le second filtre isolateur 14b est noté ER2 et forme un second élément rayonnant adapté pour émettre une onde de fréquence F2 égale à F22 = 1/(4π2LbCb) appartenant à la bande haute fréquence et plus grande que F1.Similarly, the second section located between the end 6A of the coaxial cable 6 and the second isolating filter 14b is denoted ER2 and forms a second radiating element suitable for emitting a wave of frequency F2 equal to F2 2 = 1 / (4π 2 LbCb ) belonging to the high frequency band and larger than F1.

En effet, autour de la fréquence de résonnance du circuit électrique de chaque filtre isolateur, seul le tronçon placé avant le filtre isolateur rayonne les signaux à haute fréquence. La partie placée après le filtre est isolée.Indeed, around the resonant frequency of the electrical circuit of each isolating filter, only the section placed before the isolating filter radiates the high frequency signals. The part after the filter is isolated.

Lorsque le système de commutation 12 est dans la position de commutation adaptée au fonctionnement en haute fréquence, le sous-marin émet l'onde à la fréquence HF désirée qui est transmise à l'élément rayonnant 8 par le câble coaxial 6. En fonction de la fréquence HF de l'onde, le premier tronçon ER1 ou le deuxième tronçon ER2 rayonne vers un récepteur de l'onde.When the switching system 12 is in the switching position suitable for high frequency operation, the submarine emits the wave at the desired HF frequency which is transmitted to the radiating element 8 by the coaxial cable 6. Depending on the HF frequency of the wave, the first section ER1 or the second section ER2 radiates towards a receiver of the wave.

Par exemple, il peut être nécessaire d'avoir trois bandes de fréquence dans la gamme haute fréquence pour la communication des sous-marins : entre 20 MHz et 24 MHz, 12 MHz et 15 MHz et entre 5 MHz et 7 MHz.For example, it may be necessary to have three frequency bands in the high frequency range for submarine communication: between 20 MHz and 24 MHz, 12 MHz and 15 MHz and between 5 MHz and 7 MHz.

Si l'une des bandes correspond à la longueur totale de l'antenne TBF utilisée en haute fréquence, seuls deux autres filtres sont nécessaires. Sinon trois filtres seront nécessaires afin de découper l'élément rayonnant de l'antenne filaire en trois tronçons.If one of the bands corresponds to the total length of the TBF antenna used at high frequency, only two other filters are necessary. Otherwise three filters will be necessary in order to cut the radiating element of the wire antenna into three sections.

Pour recevoir dans la bande TBF, le système de commutation 12 dans le sous-marin est positionné/activé dans la position de fonctionnement en très basse fréquence.To receive in the TBF band, the switching system 12 in the submarine is positioned / activated in the operating position at very low frequency.

Les circuits électriques des filtres isolateurs sont alors transparents dans la bande de fréquence TBF, et assurent à l'antenne filaire les mêmes performances qu'auparavant dans cette bande.The electrical circuits of the isolating filters are then transparent in the TBF frequency band, and provide the wired antenna with the same performance as before in this band.

Ainsi, une bonne adaptation d'impédance est réalisée pour les deux bandes de fréquence : haute fréquence (émission et réception) et très basse fréquence (réception).Thus, a good impedance matching is achieved for the two frequency bands: high frequency (transmission and reception) and very low frequency (reception).

On comprend alors que l'antenne filaire selon l'invention est apte à fonctionner en émission dans le domaine haute fréquence et en réception dans les domaines très basse fréquence et haute fréquence.It is then understood that the wire antenna according to the invention is capable of operating in transmission in the high frequency domain and in reception in the very low frequency and high frequency domains.

Selon l'invention, l'adaptation est faite de manière simple par rapport aux boîtes d'adaptation et fixe pour une pluralité de fréquences centrales de travail, de préférence deux ou trois, réparties dans la bande haute fréquence.According to the invention, the adaptation is made in a simple manner relative to the adaptation boxes and fixed for a plurality of central working frequencies, preferably two or three, distributed in the high frequency band.

Claims (7)

  1. A transmission system comprising :
    - a transmitter of waves with high frequencies comprised between 3 MHz and 30 MHz;
    - a wire antenna (2) for submarines (4) configured for transmitting these waves, comprising a coaxial cable (6) and a floating radiating element (8), one end of which is connected to the coaxial cable (6), the radiating element (8) being dimensioned for receiving very low frequency waves between 3 kHz and 30 kHz, the antenna (2) comprising :
    + a switching system (12) electrically connected to the coaxial cable (6) and allowing switching between an operation at high frequency and an operation at very low-frequency;
    + at least one isolation filter (14) electrically interposed between two radiating sections of the radiating element (8), the or each isolation filter (14) being a plug circuit, so that the radiating element (8) is adapted to transmit high frequency waves, between 3 MHz and 30 MHz; and
    - a receiver for waves of very low frequencies comprised between 3 kHz and 30 kHz and of high frequencies comprised between 3 MHz and 30 MHz, the receiver being connected with the said wire antenna for receiving these waves.
  2. The transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that said or each isolation filter (14) is positioned, relative to the end of the radiating element (8) connected to the coaxial cable (6), at a distance equal to the quarter or three quarters of a wavelength of a high frequency wave to be transmitted.
  3. The transmission system according to claim 2, characterized in that said or each distance is comprised between the quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in water and the quarter of the wavelength of a high frequency wave in air.
  4. The transmission system according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least first and second isolation filters (14) successively positioned along the radiating element (8) of the wire antenna (2).
  5. The transmission system according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wire antenna (2) has a length substantially comprised between 10 and 40 m.
  6. The wire transmission system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the isolation filters (14) are at least two in number, the radiating element (8) being adapted to transmit high-frequency waves in at least three frequency bands, including a first frequency band between 20 MHz and 24 MHz, a second frequency band between 12 MHz and 15 MHz, and a third frequency band between 5 MHz and 7 MHz.
  7. A submarine vehicle characterized in that it includes a transmission system according to any of claims 1 to 6.
EP11743122.1A 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission Active EP2593988B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11743122T PL2593988T3 (en) 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1002978A FR2962854B1 (en) 2010-07-15 2010-07-15 WIRED ANTENNA FOR HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSMISSION
PCT/FR2011/051695 WO2012007699A1 (en) 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission

Publications (2)

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EP2593988A1 EP2593988A1 (en) 2013-05-22
EP2593988B1 true EP2593988B1 (en) 2020-05-06

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EP11743122.1A Active EP2593988B1 (en) 2010-07-15 2011-07-15 Wire antenna for high-frequency transmission

Country Status (8)

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EP (1) EP2593988B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2011278167B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112013000987B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2806935T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2962854B1 (en)
PL (1) PL2593988T3 (en)
SG (1) SG187087A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012007699A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3003388B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-04-17 Dcns WIRED ANTENNA FOR HF EMISSION BY A UNDERWATER
FR3049397B1 (en) 2016-03-22 2019-11-22 Thales BI-LOOP ANTENNA FOR IMMERSE ENGINE

Family Cites Families (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6411260B1 (en) * 1994-08-18 2002-06-25 Alliedsignal Inc. Triple frequency, split monopole, emergency locator transmitter antenna
US6919851B2 (en) * 2001-07-30 2005-07-19 Clemson University Broadband monopole/ dipole antenna with parallel inductor-resistor load circuits and matching networks
ITTO20050344A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2006-11-20 Selenia Comm S P A WIDE BAND MULTI-FUNCTION ANTENNA OPERATING IN THE HF RANGE, PARTICULARLY FOR NAVAL INSTALLATIONS
US7868833B2 (en) * 2008-08-20 2011-01-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Ultra wideband buoyant cable antenna element

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
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Publication number Publication date
AU2011278167B2 (en) 2016-03-17
BR112013000987B1 (en) 2021-09-08
PL2593988T3 (en) 2020-11-02
SG187087A1 (en) 2013-03-28
FR2962854A1 (en) 2012-01-20
BR112013000987A2 (en) 2016-05-24
AU2011278167A1 (en) 2013-01-31
FR2962854B1 (en) 2013-05-10
WO2012007699A1 (en) 2012-01-19
ES2806935T3 (en) 2021-02-19
EP2593988A1 (en) 2013-05-22

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