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EP2580543A2 - Compression heat pump, in particular for applications near households - Google Patents

Compression heat pump, in particular for applications near households

Info

Publication number
EP2580543A2
EP2580543A2 EP11721050.0A EP11721050A EP2580543A2 EP 2580543 A2 EP2580543 A2 EP 2580543A2 EP 11721050 A EP11721050 A EP 11721050A EP 2580543 A2 EP2580543 A2 EP 2580543A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat pump
flow resistance
switching valve
valve
expansion valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11721050.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Holzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Publication of EP2580543A2 publication Critical patent/EP2580543A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/385—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in parallel on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21174—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the inlet of the evaporator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency

Definitions

  • Compression heat pump especially for household use
  • the invention relates to a compression heat pump, in particular for household applications such as heat recovery from wastewater, for refrigeration or air conditioning units and the like, with a compressor for a refrigerant, a condenser, an evaporator and an expansion valve arranged between the condenser and evaporator.
  • variable expansion valve In large-scale refrigeration systems and heat pumps, in particular in electrical connection capacities that are greater than 500 watts, it is therefore common to regulate the evaporation pressure or the evaporation temperature by a variable expansion valve. This control can either be done directly via the evaporation pressure by means of pressure-controlled valves that do not require electronics. Likewise, the temperature at the evaporator can serve as a controlled variable, in which case by means of control electronics from the deviation of the current temperature to the setpoint temperature, a control signal for the expansion valve is generated.
  • the expansion valve itself can be controlled both electrically and pneumatically.
  • an unchangeable expansion valve is usually used for cost reasons, which may for example consist of a capillary tube.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve a compression heat pump of the type mentioned in that an approximately constant evaporation temperature can be adjusted in a cost effective manner, so that on the one hand good efficiency and on the other hand a long life, in particular of the compressor is achieved.
  • a compression heat pump solving this problem is characterized by a switching valve for switching the flow resistance of the expansion valve between two fixed flow resistance values and a temperature sensor in the region of the injection point of the refrigerant on the evaporator, wherein the switching valve below a predetermined temperature at the temperature sensor at low and above this temperature switches higher flow resistance of the expansion valve.
  • the advantage achieved by the invention consists essentially in the fact that with a relative to a fixed throttle only minor additional effort a significant increase in the efficiency is achieved even with a small heat pump.
  • a smaller installation space can be achieved in comparison to a variable expansion valve.
  • the expansion valve is formed by two restrictors with fixed flow resistance, which are selected via the switching valve.
  • the switching valve is designed as a changeover valve and switches between two throttles with different flow resistance.
  • the two throttles are connected in parallel with each other, wherein the switching valve is designed as a switch-on and arranged in the flow branch of a throttle. In this mode of operation, the one throttle is always traversed by the refrigerant; If necessary, the second throttle is additionally connected in parallel via the switching valve, whereby the flow resistance is reduced.
  • the switching valve is designed as a switch-on valve and is arranged as a bypass parallel to one of the two throttles.
  • control electronics are provided for detecting and evaluating the temperature and for actuating the switching valve.
  • This electronic control thus allows the adjustment of the target evaporation temperature to other operating parameters; For example, the evaporation temperature can be adjusted depending on the temperature in the condenser.
  • FIG 2 is a view corresponding to FIG 1, but in an operation according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the structure according to the invention.
  • compression heat pump is particularly intended for household applications, so for example for heat recovery from wastewater, for refrigeration or air conditioning units and the like.
  • This compression heat pump consists - as usual - first of a compressor 1 for umzupumpendes within the cooling circuit refrigerant, further comprising a heat-releasing condenser 2, further a heat-absorbing evaporator 3 and an arranged between the condenser 2 and evaporator 3 expansion valve.
  • a compressor 1 for umzupumpendes within the cooling circuit refrigerant further comprising a heat-releasing condenser 2, further a heat-absorbing evaporator 3 and an arranged between the condenser 2 and evaporator 3 expansion valve.
  • an unchangeable throttle body is usually used for the expansion valve 4 for cost reasons, which may be formed for example by a capillary tube.
  • the vaporization pressure or associated vaporization temperature changes during operation. This is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 1, where initially the evaporation temperature is comparatively low, but then increases with further operating time and finally reaches the optimum evaporation temperature for efficient operation. In further operation, however, the evaporation temperature continues
  • variable expansion valve 4 In large-scale refrigeration systems, it is therefore customary to regulate the evaporation pressure or the evaporation temperature via a variable expansion valve 4, which, however, does not take place in view of the complexity and costs of small-scale systems.
  • a two-point control is proposed by a switching valve 5, which serves to switch the flow resistance of the expansion valve 4 between two fixed flow resistance values. Furthermore, in the region of the injection point of the refrigerant at the evaporator 3, a temperature sensor, not shown, is provided, with the aid of which the switching valve 5 switches at a predetermined temperature at the temperature sensor to a lower and above this temperature to a higher flow resistance of the expansion valve 4. As a result, over the operating period, a temperature profile can be achieved, as shown in FIG.
  • the expansion valve 4 is formed in a manner not shown by two throttles with fixed flow resistance, which are selected via the switching valve 5.
  • the switching valve 5 is designed as a changeover valve and switches between two throttles with different flow resistance.
  • one of the two throttles determines the higher and the other of the two throttles the lower flow resistance.
  • the switching valve 5 is designed as a switch-on and is arranged in the flow branch of a throttle.
  • the lower flow resistance is achieved when both throttles are flowed through.
  • both throttles can also be connected in series, in which case the switching valve 5 is likewise designed as a switch-on valve and is arranged as a bypass parallel to one of the two throttles.
  • an electronic control unit for detecting and evaluating the temperature, an electronic control unit, not shown, is provided, which, in addition, also permits further operating parameters, that is to say, for example, the adaptation of the evaporation temperature as a function of the temperature in the condenser.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a compression heat pump, in particular for applications near households, such as heat recovery from waste water, for refrigerating or air-conditioning apparatus and the like. The compression heat pump consists of a compressor 1 for a coolant, a condenser 2, an evaporator 3 and an expansion valve 4 disposed between the condenser 2 and evaporator 3. Further provided are a switching valve 5 for switching the flow resistance of the expansion valve 4 between two fixed flow resistance values, and a temperature sensor which is disposed on the evaporator 3 in the region of the point at which the coolant is injected. Below a predetermined temperature at the temperature sensor, the switching valve 5 switches to low flow resistance of the expansion valve 4 and above that temperature it switches to a higher flow resistance of the expansion valve 4.

Description

Kompressions-Wärmepumpe, insbesondere für haushaltsnahe  Compression heat pump, especially for household use
Anwendungen  applications
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kompressions-Wärmepumpe, insbesondere für haushaltsnahe Anwendungen wie Wärmerückgewinnung aus Abwasser, für Kälte- oder Klimageräte und dergleichen, mit einem Kompressor für ein Kältemittel, einem Kondensator, einem Verdampfer sowie einem zwischen Kondensator und Verdampfer angeordneten Expansionsventil. The invention relates to a compression heat pump, in particular for household applications such as heat recovery from wastewater, for refrigeration or air conditioning units and the like, with a compressor for a refrigerant, a condenser, an evaporator and an expansion valve arranged between the condenser and evaporator.
Um eine optimale Arbeitsweise derartiger Kompressions-Wärmepumpen - insbesondere bei sich ändernden thermischen Lasten - zu erreichen, ist es notwendig, den Verdampfungsdruck bzw. die Verdampfungstemperatur zu regeln. Ist nämlich der Verdampfungsdruck zu niedrig, so ist der Wirkungsgrad ungünstig, während bei einem zu hohen Verdampfungsdruck der Verdichter unnötig stark und damit unter Unständen unzulässig belastet wird, was zu dessen vorzeitigem Ausfall führen kann. In order to achieve optimum operation of such compression heat pumps - especially with changing thermal loads - it is necessary to regulate the evaporation pressure or the evaporation temperature. Namely, if the evaporation pressure is too low, the efficiency is unfavorable, while at too high evaporation pressure of the compressor is unnecessarily strong and thus unduly burdened under circumstances, which can lead to its premature failure.
Bei kältetechnischen Großanlagen und Wärmepumpen, insbesondere bei elektrischen Anschlussleistungen, die größer als 500 Watt sind, ist es deswegen üblich, den Verdampfungsdruck bzw. die Verdampfungstemperatur durch ein veränderbares Expansionsventil zu regeln. Diese Regelung kann entweder direkt über den Verdampfungsdruck mittels druckgesteuerter Ventile erfolgen, die keine Elektronik erfordern. Ebenso kann als Regelgröße auch die Temperatur am Verdampfer dienen, wobei dann mittels einer Steuerelektronik aus der Abweichung der aktuellen Temperatur zur Solltemperatur ein Stellsignal für das Expansionsventil erzeugt wird. Das Expansionsventil selbst kann dabei sowohl elektrisch als auch pneumatisch gesteuert sein. In large-scale refrigeration systems and heat pumps, in particular in electrical connection capacities that are greater than 500 watts, it is therefore common to regulate the evaporation pressure or the evaporation temperature by a variable expansion valve. This control can either be done directly via the evaporation pressure by means of pressure-controlled valves that do not require electronics. Likewise, the temperature at the evaporator can serve as a controlled variable, in which case by means of control electronics from the deviation of the current temperature to the setpoint temperature, a control signal for the expansion valve is generated. The expansion valve itself can be controlled both electrically and pneumatically.
Bei kleinen kältetechnischen Anlagen dagegen wird aus Kostengründen in der Regel ein unveränderbares Expansionsventil eingesetzt, das zum Beispiel aus einem Kapillarrohr bestehen kann. Dadurch lässt sich unter den schon angesprochenen, sich ändernden Bedingungen kein optimaler Wirkungsgrad erreichen. Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kompressions-Wärmepumpe der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass auf eine kostengünstige Weise eine annähernd konstante Verdampfungstemperatur eingestellt werden kann, so dass einerseits ein guter Wirkungsgrad und andererseits eine lange Lebensdauer insbesondere des Kompressors erreicht wird. For small refrigeration systems, however, an unchangeable expansion valve is usually used for cost reasons, which may for example consist of a capillary tube. As a result, no optimal efficiency can be achieved under the already mentioned, changing conditions. The invention is therefore based on the object to improve a compression heat pump of the type mentioned in that an approximately constant evaporation temperature can be adjusted in a cost effective manner, so that on the one hand good efficiency and on the other hand a long life, in particular of the compressor is achieved.
Eine diese Aufgabe lösende Kompressions-Wärmepumpe ist gekennzeichnet durch ein Schaltventil zur Umschaltung des Strömungswiderstands des Expansionsventils zwischen zwei festen Strömungswiderstandswerten sowie einen Temperaturfühler im Bereich der Einspritzstelle des Kältemittels am Verdampfer, wobei das Schaltventil unterhalb einer vorgegebenen Temperatur am Temperaturfühler auf geringen und oberhalb dieser Temperatur auf höheren Strömungswiderstand des Expansionsventils umschaltet. A compression heat pump solving this problem is characterized by a switching valve for switching the flow resistance of the expansion valve between two fixed flow resistance values and a temperature sensor in the region of the injection point of the refrigerant on the evaporator, wherein the switching valve below a predetermined temperature at the temperature sensor at low and above this temperature switches higher flow resistance of the expansion valve.
Der durch die Erfindung erreichte Vorteil besteht im Wesentlichen darin, dass mit einem gegenüber einer unveränderlichen Drossel nur geringfügigem Mehraufwand eine deutliche Erhöhung des Wirkungsgrades auch bei einer Kleinwärmepumpe erreicht wird. Insbesondere lässt sich gegenüber einem veränderbaren Expansionsventil hierdurch ein geringerer Bauraum erreichen. Durch die einfache Umschaltung zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Strömungswiderständen können im Übrigen handelsübliche und damit preisgünstige Kälte-Komponenten Verwendung finden. The advantage achieved by the invention consists essentially in the fact that with a relative to a fixed throttle only minor additional effort a significant increase in the efficiency is achieved even with a small heat pump. In particular, a smaller installation space can be achieved in comparison to a variable expansion valve. By simply switching between two different flow resistances commercially available and thus inexpensive refrigeration components can be used, moreover.
In bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Expansionsventil von zwei Drosseln mit festem Strömungswiderstand gebildet, die über das Schaltventil ausgewählt werden. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the expansion valve is formed by two restrictors with fixed flow resistance, which are selected via the switching valve.
Im Einzelnen ergeben sich dabei unterschiedliche Ausgestaltungsmöglichkeiten; bevorzugt ist eine Ausführungsform, bei der das Schaltventil als Umschaltventil ausgebildet ist und zwischen zwei Drosseln mit unterschiedlichem Strömungswiderstand umschaltet. In detail, this results in different design options; preferred is an embodiment in which the switching valve is designed as a changeover valve and switches between two throttles with different flow resistance.
Es ist jedoch ebenso möglich, dass die beiden Drosseln parallel zueinander geschaltet sind, wobei das Schaltventil als Einschaltventil ausgebildet und im Strömungszweig der einen Drossel angeordnet ist. Bei dieser Betriebsweise bleibt die eine Drossel stets vom Kältemittel durchströmt; bedarfsweise wird die zweite Drossel über das Schaltventil zusätzlich parallel geschaltet, wodurch der Strömungswiderstand verringert wird. Es besteht hier jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, die beiden Drosseln hintereinander zu schalten, wobei das Schaltventil als Einschaltventil ausgebildet und als Bypass parallel zu einer der beiden Drosseln angeordnet ist. Ist das Schaltventil hier geschlossen, sind beide Drosseln aktiv, wodurch sich ein höherer Strömungswiderstand einstellt als bei geöffnetem, die eine der beiden Drosseln kurzschaltendem Einschaltventil. However, it is also possible that the two throttles are connected in parallel with each other, wherein the switching valve is designed as a switch-on and arranged in the flow branch of a throttle. In this mode of operation, the one throttle is always traversed by the refrigerant; If necessary, the second throttle is additionally connected in parallel via the switching valve, whereby the flow resistance is reduced. However, there is also the possibility here of switching the two throttles in succession, wherein the switching valve is designed as a switch-on valve and is arranged as a bypass parallel to one of the two throttles. If the switching valve is closed here, both throttles are active, which sets a higher flow resistance than when open, one of the two throttles kurzschaltendem on-off valve.
Im Übrigen ist zur Erfassung und Auswertung der Temperatur sowie zur Betätigung des Schaltventils eine Steuerelektronik vorgesehen. Diese elektronische Steuerung erlaubt damit auch die Anpassung der Soll-Verdampfungstemperatur an andere Betriebsparameter; so kann zum Beispiel die Verdampfungstemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur im Verflüssiger angepasst werden. Incidentally, control electronics are provided for detecting and evaluating the temperature and for actuating the switching valve. This electronic control thus allows the adjustment of the target evaporation temperature to other operating parameters; For example, the evaporation temperature can be adjusted depending on the temperature in the condenser.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung an einem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert; es zeigen: In the following the invention will be explained in more detail in an embodiment shown in the drawing; show it:
Fig. 1 die Abhängigkeit der Verdampfungstemperatur von der Betriebsdauer der Wärmepumpe, 1 shows the dependence of the evaporation temperature on the operating time of the heat pump,
Fig. 2 eine der Figur 1 entsprechende Darstellung, jedoch bei einer Betriebsweise gemäß der Erfindung, 2 is a view corresponding to FIG 1, but in an operation according to the invention,
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Aufbaus. Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the structure according to the invention.
Die in der Zeichnung in Figur 3 dargestellte Kompressions-Wärmepumpe ist insbesondere für haushaltsnahe Anwendungen vorgesehen, also beispielsweise für die Wärmerückgewinnung aus Abwasser, für Kälte- oder Klimageräte und dergleichen. The illustrated in the drawing in Figure 3 compression heat pump is particularly intended for household applications, so for example for heat recovery from wastewater, for refrigeration or air conditioning units and the like.
Diese Kompressions-Wärmepumpe besteht - wie üblich - zunächst aus einem Kompressor 1 für ein innerhalb des Kühlkreislaufs umzupumpendes Kältemittel, ferner aus einem Wärme abgebenden Kondensator 2, weiter einem Wärme aufnehmenden Verdampfer 3 sowie einem zwischen Kondensator 2 und Verdampfer 3 angeordneten Expansionsventil 4. Bei kleinen kältetechnischen Anlagen wie Haushaltskältegeräten oder Kompaktklimaanlagen wird für das Expansionsventil 4 aus Kostengründen meist ein unveränderbares Drosselorgan eingesetzt, das zum Beispiel von einem Kapillarrohr gebildet sein kann. Aufgrund der sich ändernden thermischen Lasten, die auf eine solche Wärmepumpe einwirken, ändert sich jedoch der Verdampfungsdruck bzw. die damit verknüpfte Verdampfungstemperatur während des Betriebs. Dies ist beispielhaft in Figur 1 dargestellt, wo zunächst die Verdampfungstemperatur vergleichsweise niedrig liegt, dann jedoch mit weiterer Betriebsdauer ansteigt und schließlich die für einen effizienten Betrieb optimale Verdampfungstemperatur erreicht. Im weiteren Betrieb steigt jedoch die Verdampfungstemperatur weiter an, was zu einer erhöhten Belastung des Kompressors 1 führt. This compression heat pump consists - as usual - first of a compressor 1 for umzupumpendes within the cooling circuit refrigerant, further comprising a heat-releasing condenser 2, further a heat-absorbing evaporator 3 and an arranged between the condenser 2 and evaporator 3 expansion valve. 4 For small refrigeration systems such as household refrigerators or compact air conditioners, an unchangeable throttle body is usually used for the expansion valve 4 for cost reasons, which may be formed for example by a capillary tube. However, due to the changing thermal loads applied to such a heat pump, the vaporization pressure or associated vaporization temperature changes during operation. This is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 1, where initially the evaporation temperature is comparatively low, but then increases with further operating time and finally reaches the optimum evaporation temperature for efficient operation. In further operation, however, the evaporation temperature continues to rise, which leads to an increased load on the compressor 1.
Bei kältetechnischen Großanlagen ist es daher üblich, den Verdampfungsdruck bzw. die Verdampfungstemperatur über ein veränderbares Expansionsventil 4 zu regeln, was jedoch im Hinblick auf den Aufwand und die Kosten bei kleintechnischen Anlagen nicht erfolgt. In large-scale refrigeration systems, it is therefore customary to regulate the evaporation pressure or the evaporation temperature via a variable expansion valve 4, which, however, does not take place in view of the complexity and costs of small-scale systems.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird daher eine Zweipunkt-Regelung durch ein Schaltventil 5 vorgeschlagen, das zur Umschaltung des Strömungswiderstandes des Expansionsventils 4 zwischen zwei festen Strömungswiderstandswerten dient. Des Weiteren ist im Bereich der Einspritzstelle des Kältemittels am Verdampfer 3 ein nicht näher dargestellter Temperaturfühler vorgesehen, mit dessen Hilfe das Schaltventil 5 unter einer vorgegebenen Temperatur am Temperaturfühler auf geringen und oberhalb dieser Temperatur auf einen höheren Strömungswiderstand des Expansionsventils 4 umschaltet. Dadurch kann über die Betriebsdauer gesehen ein Temperaturverlauf erreicht werden, wie dieser in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. In the context of the invention, therefore, a two-point control is proposed by a switching valve 5, which serves to switch the flow resistance of the expansion valve 4 between two fixed flow resistance values. Furthermore, in the region of the injection point of the refrigerant at the evaporator 3, a temperature sensor, not shown, is provided, with the aid of which the switching valve 5 switches at a predetermined temperature at the temperature sensor to a lower and above this temperature to a higher flow resistance of the expansion valve 4. As a result, over the operating period, a temperature profile can be achieved, as shown in FIG.
Im Einzelnen ist das Expansionsventil 4 in nicht näher dargestellter Weise von zwei Drosseln mit festem Strömungswiderstand gebildet, die über das Schaltventil 5 angewählt werden. Hierbei ist das Schaltventil 5 als Umschaltventil ausgebildet und schaltet zwischen zwei Drosseln mit unterschiedlichem Strömungswiderstand um. Bei dieser Ausführungsform bestimmt die eine der beiden Drosseln den höheren und die andere der beiden Drosseln den niedrigeren Strömungswiderstand. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, beide Drosseln parallel zueinander zu schalten, wobei das Schaltventil 5 als Einschaltventil ausgebildet ist und im Strömungszweig der einen Drossel angeordnet ist. Hier wird der geringere Strömungswiderstand dann erreicht, wenn beide Drosseln durchströmt werden. In entsprechender Weise können beide Drosseln auch hintereinander geschaltet werden, wobei dann das Schaltventil 5 ebenfalls als Einschaltventil ausgebildet und als Bypass parallel zu einer der beiden Drosseln angeordnet ist. In detail, the expansion valve 4 is formed in a manner not shown by two throttles with fixed flow resistance, which are selected via the switching valve 5. Here, the switching valve 5 is designed as a changeover valve and switches between two throttles with different flow resistance. In this embodiment, one of the two throttles determines the higher and the other of the two throttles the lower flow resistance. However, it is also possible to connect both throttles in parallel to each other, wherein the switching valve 5 is designed as a switch-on and is arranged in the flow branch of a throttle. Here, the lower flow resistance is achieved when both throttles are flowed through. In a corresponding manner, both throttles can also be connected in series, in which case the switching valve 5 is likewise designed as a switch-on valve and is arranged as a bypass parallel to one of the two throttles.
Zur Erfassung und Auswertung der Temperatur ist eine nicht näher dargestellte Steuerelektronik vorgesehen, die darüber hinaus auch noch weitere Betriebsparameter, also zum Beispiel die Anpassung der Verdampfungstemperatur in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur im Verflüssiger, erlaubt. For detecting and evaluating the temperature, an electronic control unit, not shown, is provided, which, in addition, also permits further operating parameters, that is to say, for example, the adaptation of the evaporation temperature as a function of the temperature in the condenser.
Damit ist auch bei Wärmepumpen für kleine kältetechnische Anlagen ein von den Belastungsbedingungen weitgehend unabhängiger, effizienter Betrieb möglich, ohne hierfür aufwendige, veränderbare Expansionsventile einsetzen zu müssen. This is also in heat pumps for small refrigeration systems a largely independent of the load conditions, efficient operation possible without having to use expensive, variable expansion valves.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Kompressions-Wärmepumpe, insbesondere für haushaltsnahe Anwendungen wie Wärmerückgewinnung aus Abwasser, für Kälte- oder Klimageräte und dergleichen, mit einem Kompressor (1 ) für ein Kältemittel, einem Kondensator (2), einem Verdampfer (3) sowie einem zwischen Kondensator (2) und Verdampfer (3) angeordneten Expansionsventil (4), gekennzeichnet durch ein Schaltventil (5) zur Umschaltung des Strömungswiderstandes des Expansionsventils (4) zwischen zwei festen Strömungswiderstandswerten sowie einen Temperaturfühler im Bereich der Einspritzstelle des Kältemittels am Verdampfer (3), wobei das Schaltventil (5) unterhalb einer vorgegebenen Temperatur am Temperaturfühler auf geringen und oberhalb dieser Temperatur auf höheren Strömungswiderstand des Expansionsventils (4) umschaltet. 1. compression heat pump, in particular for household applications such as heat recovery from wastewater, for refrigeration or air conditioning units and the like, with a compressor (1) for a refrigerant, a condenser (2), an evaporator (3) and an intermediate capacitor (2 ) and evaporator (3) arranged expansion valve (4), characterized by a switching valve (5) for switching the flow resistance of the expansion valve (4) between two fixed flow resistance values and a temperature sensor in the region of the injection point of the refrigerant at the evaporator (3), wherein the switching valve (5) switches below a predetermined temperature at the temperature sensor to low and above this temperature to higher flow resistance of the expansion valve (4).
2. Wärmepumpe nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Expansionsventil (4) von zwei Drosseln mit festem Strömungswiderstand gebildet ist, die über das Schaltventil (5) angewählt werden. 2. Heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion valve (4) is formed by two throttles with fixed flow resistance, which are selected via the switching valve (5).
3. Wärmepumpe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaltventil (5) als Umschaltventil ausgebildet ist und zwischen zwei Drosseln mit unterschiedlichem Strömungswiderstand umschaltet. 3. Heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that the switching valve (5) is designed as a switching valve and switches between two throttles with different flow resistance.
4. Wärmepumpe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Drosseln parallel zueinander geschaltet sind, wobei das Schaltventil (5) als Einschaltventil ausgebildet und im Strömungszweig der einen Drossel angeordnet ist. 4. Heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that the two throttles are connected in parallel with each other, wherein the switching valve (5) is designed as a switch-on and arranged in the flow branch of a throttle.
5. Wärmepumpe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Drosseln hintereinander geschaltet sind, wobei das Schaltventil (5) als Einschaltventil ausgebildet und als Bypass parallel zu einer der beiden Drosseln angeordnet ist. 5. Heat pump according to claim 2, characterized in that the two throttles are connected in series, wherein the switching valve (5) is designed as a switch-on valve and is arranged as a bypass parallel to one of the two throttles.
6. Wärmepumpe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung und Auswertung der Temperatur sowie zur Betätigung des Schaltventils (5) eine Steuerelektronik vorgesehen ist. 6. Heat pump according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that for detecting and evaluating the temperature and for actuating the switching valve (5) an electronic control system is provided.
EP11721050.0A 2010-06-09 2011-05-24 Compression heat pump, in particular for applications near households Withdrawn EP2580543A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010029874A DE102010029874A1 (en) 2010-06-09 2010-06-09 Compression heat pump, especially for household applications
PCT/EP2011/058441 WO2011154247A2 (en) 2010-06-09 2011-05-24 Compression heat pump, in particular for applications near households

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EP2580543A2 true EP2580543A2 (en) 2013-04-17

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EP11721050.0A Withdrawn EP2580543A2 (en) 2010-06-09 2011-05-24 Compression heat pump, in particular for applications near households

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US (1) US20130081418A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2580543A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2013528280A (en)
CN (1) CN102933923A (en)
DE (1) DE102010029874A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2012153789A (en)
WO (1) WO2011154247A2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2729878A1 (en) * 1977-07-01 1979-01-18 Stierlen Maquet Ag HEAT RECOVERY DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR FLUSHING SYSTEMS
JP2004156823A (en) * 2002-11-06 2004-06-03 Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd Cooling system
US7143593B2 (en) * 2003-03-24 2006-12-05 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Refrigerant cycle apparatus
JP3966308B2 (en) * 2004-07-01 2007-08-29 松下電器産業株式会社 Cooling and heating system and vending machine equipped with this cooling and heating system
JP4255416B2 (en) * 2004-07-13 2009-04-15 株式会社前川製作所 CO2 water heater and its non-frost operation method
JP4872350B2 (en) * 2006-01-12 2012-02-08 パナソニック株式会社 vending machine

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2011154247A2 *

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DE102010029874A1 (en) 2011-12-15
RU2012153789A (en) 2014-07-20
WO2011154247A2 (en) 2011-12-15
JP2013528280A (en) 2013-07-08
US20130081418A1 (en) 2013-04-04
CN102933923A (en) 2013-02-13
WO2011154247A3 (en) 2012-06-21

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