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EP2573258B1 - Method and apparatus for processing wood chips for the production of fibrous material containing wood - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for processing wood chips for the production of fibrous material containing wood Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2573258B1
EP2573258B1 EP11182491.8A EP11182491A EP2573258B1 EP 2573258 B1 EP2573258 B1 EP 2573258B1 EP 11182491 A EP11182491 A EP 11182491A EP 2573258 B1 EP2573258 B1 EP 2573258B1
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Prior art keywords
wood chips
water
chips
heated
wood
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2573258A1 (en
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Swiss Krono Tec AG
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Kronotec AG
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Priority to PL11182491T priority Critical patent/PL2573258T3/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
    • D21B1/023—Cleaning wood chips or other raw materials

Definitions

  • a generic device is in the WO 86/06769 disclosed by Sund's Defibrator.
  • the wood chips must be heated to temperatures of 140 ° C to 180 ° C for energy-saving operation of the shredding device, so that the need for mechanical energy for cutting the chips into fibers is minimized.
  • the water in or on the wood chips is evaporated. The water vapor thus obtained is collected and used to heat the wood chips. This method is used in industry.
  • the chips are mixed in a washing device with large amounts of cold water and transported. In this case, a large proportion of impurities is already deposited.
  • the wood chips are transported by a pump into a first dewatering device. Via screws, which run in sieves and thus separate water and wood chips, the moist chips are introduced into the pre-steam tank, where they are heated with steam to over 90 ° C.
  • the required amount of steam depends mainly on the woodchip temperature.
  • the washing and heating of the chips takes place up to about 90 ° C with hot water.
  • the heating medium steam is thus replaced by hot water, which was heated up to 98 ° C.
  • the same amount of wood chips with a lower volume of heating medium can be heated up to 90 ° C.
  • the volume of the heating medium is already significantly reduced.
  • the treatment of this wastewater thus requires smaller plants.
  • the heating of the chips up to 140 ° C (4bar) or up to 200 ° C (16bar) is done as before by steam.
  • a closed water cycle is set up for washing and heating the chips with water.
  • this water cycle is also used to transport the wood chips. Closing the cycle significantly reduces the amount of waste water, the volume of wastewater. The cycle is closed until either the up to 98 ° C heated water is too heavily loaded with dissolved ingredients, so that some or all of the water must be replaced or z. As dirt that has been washed out of the wood chips, must be discharged from the water cycle.
  • the heating of the water is particularly advantageous and economical when a heat exchanger is used in the water cycle.
  • the heat exchanger can be operated with any energy, eg. As steam or thermal oil. However, it is preferred if thermal oil is used.
  • the wash tank accepts freshly produced or stored wood chips or annual plants which may adhere to bark, ice, snow, soil or other soils undesirable in the pulp.
  • the chips are moved in the wash tank in hot water and thereby freed from each other and the impurities.
  • the wood chips are heated.
  • the washing container if necessary supplemented by lines and transfer device, is designed so that the wood chips linger long enough that they approximately or completely assume the temperature of the up to 98 ° C hot water.
  • the heated chips are then conveyed in the hot water to a transfer device.
  • the hot water is separated from the chips and in a closed water cycle z. B. via return lines, screens etc. returned to the wash tank.
  • the hot water thus circulates between the wash tank and the transfer device.
  • the transfer device is adapted to transfer the chips from the hot water to devices for further heating.
  • a first device precooker / buffer tank
  • the chips can be further heated with steam to around 98 ° C.
  • This also assumes the function of a buffer container, ensures a uniform and complete heating of the chips and it ensures a uniform supply of the device for defibering with preheated wood chips.
  • the wood chips are transferred to the digester.
  • This second transfer device can, for. B. be designed as a stuffing screw in which the chips form by increasing compression a plug, on the one hand drives out the water from the wood chips and the other is sufficiently vapor-tight to seal against the steam, with which the chips are then heated further.
  • the chips are further heated under pressure with steam to temperatures of about 140 ° C (about 4 bar) to about 200 ° C (about 16 bar), to then be defibered.
  • a heat exchanger is inserted into the water cycle.
  • the heat exchanger is used to heat the water of the water cycle through a heating medium up to 98 ° C, without mixing the heating medium and water.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably heated with thermal oil or steam. Steam is available when heating wood chips, because it is released and caught when defibrating the heated wood chips.
  • the water loop made for the hot water between the wash tank and the transfer device be designed to transport the wood chips from the wash tank to the transfer device in the water.
  • the chips are therefore preferably not stored only stationary in hot water. Rather, the chips are promoted with the up to 98 ° C hot water from the wash tank to the first transfer device. As a result, the chips are conveyed with the maximum temperature to be reached in the water from the water to the transfer device. The chips have then reached by the longer residence time in the water at this temperature maximum degree of softening. At the same time, it ensures that a maximum of wood constituents and other soluble wood constituents pass into the water. Accordingly, the load of the steam used to further heat the chips is reduced.
  • the filters can filter all or part of the water flow.
  • the filters and sieves are preferably used to remove coarse contaminants, eg. As solids such as bark particles that can be removed mechanically.
  • filters are used for separating dissolved or dispersed impurities in the water cycle, for.
  • the filters also include evaporators with which volatile impurities are removed from the water cycle.
  • the hot water is enriched with impurities, which usually do not interfere with the washing of wood chips.
  • impurities which usually do not interfere with the washing of wood chips.
  • the water which is hot up to 98 ° C., is exchanged.
  • a continuous inflow and outflow of water to the water cycle between the transfer device and the wash tank is established. In this way, the discharged from the water cycle, contaminated water can be processed in a continuously operating, designed for low volume flows cleaning system, so that it can be fed to a receiving water.
  • the device according to the invention has a washing container 1, a transport line 2 and a transfer device 3 and a return line 9 for hot, separated from the wood chips, a heat exchanger 10 and a supply line 12 for up to 98 ° C heated water, extending from the heat exchanger 10 extends to the wash tank 1.
  • the pre-steam tank 4 connects.
  • the pre-steam tank 4 can be used as a buffer tank to ensure a steady production.
  • the chips are discharged through a discharge device 5 and transferred to the digester 6, in which they are heated with steam to temperatures of 140 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the chips H are already heated by the action of steam to 98 ° C and more.
  • a temperature of 140 ° C there is a pressure of 4 bar.
  • a temperature of 200 ° C there is a pressure of 16 bar.
  • the heated in the digester 6 depending on the action time up to the temperature of the steam or to a temperature of not more than 10 ° C below the steam temperature chips are promoted by a discharge screw 7 to the refiner 8, which defibrillates the chips between mutually rotating, profiled plates.
  • the device is operated as follows: In the water-filled washing container 1, on the one hand, chips H are fed.
  • the wood chips can either produced or already stored immediately before. These are usually softwood chips.
  • up to 98 ° C hot water is fed through the supply line 12 in the wash tank.
  • Hot water and wood chips are circulated in the washing tank, here indicated by a circulating device 13, for example a stirrer.
  • a circulating device 13 for example a stirrer.
  • By circulating and the action of the hot water impurities are removed from the wood chips.
  • Impurities that are present as solids sink to the bottom. They are withdrawn at the bottom of the washing container, usually by filters or strainers, not shown here.
  • Soluble impurities for example, resins, dyes and the like dissolve in the water. By recirculating the water they accumulate in the water. Soluble impurities can be partially filtered out eg by means of membrane filters. Part of the water is regularly discharged or washed off and replaced with purified water
  • the wood chips are directed by the circulating device 13 directed through the washing container 1 and moved to the transport line 2.
  • the chips are then pumped in hot water through the transport line 2. Even during transport through the transport line 2, the woodchips continue to absorb heat energy from the heated to 98 ° C water. The temperature gradient between the hot water and the wood chips present when feeding the chips into the washing container 1 is increasingly compensated.
  • the chips are transferred via the transfer device 3, a screw, the pre-steam tank and drained at the same time.
  • the Liberated water is fed via the return line 9, and via sieves (not shown) back into the wash water circuit.
  • the heated wood chips are heated by steam up to 98 ° C.
  • a discharge device 5 also a screw, is arranged, which further dehydrates the wood chips plasticized by the heat and forms a plug which seals the cooker under overpressure (eg under a pressure of 7 bar-12 bar) seals.
  • the transfer device 3 and the discharge device 5 are each designed, at least in sections, for dewatering. Hot water and wood chips are separated. The water is collected and the water circuit between the washing tank 1 and the transfer device 3 is closed by the transfer device 3 and the discharge device 5 via the return line 9.
  • the return line 9 leads to the heat exchanger 10.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is traversed on the one hand by water, which was used for heating wood chips, and which was thereby cooled.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is in a second conduit system 11 on the other hand by a heating medium, here thermal oil, flows through, which is hotter than the water, and which heats the water to up to 98 ° C. From the heat exchanger 10 leads the supply line 12 to the wash tank 1 and closes at this point the water cycle.
  • a heating medium here thermal oil
  • the water cycle thus has the following sections: wash tank 1, transport line 2, the transfer device 3, the pre-steam tank 4 and the discharge device 5, then the return line 9, supplemented by the heat exchanger 10 and the supply line 12th
  • the wood chips have at the transfer device 3, a temperature of about 90 ° C and the discharge device 5, a temperature of up to 98 ° C, since here already acts steam on the chips. They also have a reduced level of ingredients compared to washed chips that have not been heated to the temperature of the wash water. For heating the wood chips washed according to the invention and heated with water to the temperature required for defibering, less steam is required than in the prior art. The purification of the water is possible with known plants for wastewater treatment in an economical manner.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Aufbereiten von Hackschnitzeln für die Herstellung von holzhaltigem Faserstoff mit den Schritten

  • Waschen der Hackschnitzel,
  • Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel und
  • Transportieren der Hackschnitzel zu einer Zerfaserungsvorrichtung sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.
The invention relates to a method for processing wood chips for the production of wood pulp with the steps
  • Washing the wood chips,
  • Heating the wood chips and
  • Transporting the wood chips to a fiberization device and an apparatus for performing the method.

Eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist in der WO 86/06769 von Sunds Defibrator offenbart. Dort wird das Aufbereiten von Hackschnitzeln aus Holz oder holzhaltigem Rohstoff wie Einjahrespflanzen mittels Dampf offenbart, der aus der Produktion des holzhaltigen Faserstoffs gewonnen wird. Die Hackschnitzel müssen für einen energiesparenden Betrieb der Zerfaserungsvorrichtung auf Temperaturen von 140 °C bis 180 °C erhitzt werden, damit der Bedarf an mechanischer Energie zum Zerlegen der Hackschnitzel in Fasern möglichst gering gehalten wird. Beim Zerlegen oder Zerfasern der Hackschnitzel in Faserstoff wird das in den oder an den Hackschnitzeln befindliche Wasser verdampft. Der so gewonnene Wasserdampf wird aufgefangen und zum Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel verwendet. Dieses Verfahren wird in der Industrie angewendet.A generic device is in the WO 86/06769 disclosed by Sund's Defibrator. There, the processing of wood chips or wood-containing raw material such as annual plants by means of steam is revealed, which is obtained from the production of wood-containing pulp. The wood chips must be heated to temperatures of 140 ° C to 180 ° C for energy-saving operation of the shredding device, so that the need for mechanical energy for cutting the chips into fibers is minimized. When cutting or shredding the wood chips in pulp, the water in or on the wood chips is evaporated. The water vapor thus obtained is collected and used to heat the wood chips. This method is used in industry.

Nach einem weiteren bekannten und häufig angewendeten Verfahren werden die Hackschnitzel in einer Waschvorrichtung mit großen Mengen kalten Wassers vermischt und transportiert. Dabei wird bereits ein großer Anteil Verunreinigungen abgeschieden. Über eine Pumpe werden die Hackschnitzel in eine erste Entwässerungsvorrichtung transportiert. Über Schnecken, welche in Sieben laufen und so Wasser und Hackschnitzel trennen, werden die feuchten Hackschnitzel in den Vordampfbehälter eingetragen, wo sie mit Dampf auf über 90°C erhitzt werden. Die benötigte Dampfmenge hängt hauptsächlich von der Hackschnitzeltemperatur ab.According to another known and frequently used method, the chips are mixed in a washing device with large amounts of cold water and transported. In this case, a large proportion of impurities is already deposited. The wood chips are transported by a pump into a first dewatering device. Via screws, which run in sieves and thus separate water and wood chips, the moist chips are introduced into the pre-steam tank, where they are heated with steam to over 90 ° C. The required amount of steam depends mainly on the woodchip temperature.

Es hat sich jedoch herausgestellt, dass beim Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel auch schon bei Temperaturen von unter 100 °C Inhaltsstoffe gelöst werden, die vom Wasserdampf mitgeschleppt und aufgenommen werden. Diese Inhaltsstoffe, z.B. Holzinhaltsstoffe, Phenole oder Terpene oder andere organische Substanzen verunreinigen den Dampf und das daraus nach dem Kondensieren entstehende Abwasser. Es ist eine aufwändige Reinigung dieses Abwassers in großen Abwasserreinigungsanlagen erforderlich, weil großvolumige, doch verhältnismäßig gering belastete Abwasserströme zu behandeln sind.However, it has been found that when heating the wood chips even at temperatures below 100 ° C ingredients are dissolved, which are dragged along by the water vapor and absorbed. These ingredients, e.g. Wood constituents, phenols or terpenes or other organic substances contaminate the steam and the resulting waste water after condensation. It is a costly purification of this wastewater in large wastewater treatment plants required because large-volume, but relatively low polluted wastewater streams are treated.

Beim Erwärmen der Hackschnitzel kondensiert der Dampf. Das so sich bildende Wasser nimmt Verunreinigungen, Holz- und Rindeninhaltsstoffe auf. Es kann zu einem Teil im Wasch- und Transportkreislauf verwendet werden. Da aber stets neuer Dampf, der nur schwer aus dem kontaminierten Wasser hergestellt werden kann, zugeführt wird, muss auch bei diesem Verfahren ein Teil des überschüssigen Wassers entsorgt werden.When heating the wood chips condenses the steam. The resulting water absorbs impurities, wood and bark ingredients. It can be used in part in the washing and transport cycle. However, since new steam, which can only be produced with difficulty from the contaminated water, is supplied, a part of the excess water must also be disposed of in this process.

Weiter ist aus der WO 97/28305 ein Verfahren zum Herstellen von Chemiezellstoff bekannt, mit dem eine besonders gute Imprägnierung der Hackschnitzel mit einer Kochlösung erreicht werden soll, in dem die Hackschnitzel bereits in einer heißen Kochlösung gewaschen werden.Next is from the WO 97/28305 a process for the production of chemical pulp is known, with which a particularly good impregnation of the wood chips is to be achieved with a cooking solution in which the wood chips are already washed in a hot cooking solution.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten von Hackschnitzeln zum Herstellen von holzhaltigem Faserstoff bereitzustellen, bei dem die notwendige Menge an Wasserdampf zum Erhitzen des Hackschnitzels reduziert wird.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for processing wood chips for producing wood pulp, in which the necessary amount of water vapor is reduced to heat the wood chips.

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by a device according to claim 7.

Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt das Waschen und das Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel bis auf rund 90 °C mit heißem Wasser. Für das Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel auf bis rund 90 °C wird das Heizmedium Dampf also durch heißes Wasser ersetzt, das bis auf 98°C erhitzt wurde. Dadurch kann dieselbe Menge an Hackschnitzeln mit einem geringeren Volumen an Heizmedium auf bis zu 90 °C erhitzt werden. Mit dieser Maßnahme wird das Volumen des Heizmediums bereits erheblich reduziert. Die Aufbereitung dieses Abwassers erfordert also kleinere Anlagen. Das Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel auf bis zu 140 °C (4bar) oder bis zu 200 °C (16bar) erfolgt wie bisher durch Dampf.According to the washing and heating of the chips takes place up to about 90 ° C with hot water. For heating the chips to around 90 ° C, the heating medium steam is thus replaced by hot water, which was heated up to 98 ° C. As a result, the same amount of wood chips with a lower volume of heating medium can be heated up to 90 ° C. With this measure, the volume of the heating medium is already significantly reduced. The treatment of this wastewater thus requires smaller plants. The heating of the chips up to 140 ° C (4bar) or up to 200 ° C (16bar) is done as before by steam.

Nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung wird für das Waschen und Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel mit Wasser ein geschlossener Wasserkreislauf eingerichtet. Vorteilhaft wird dieser Wasserkreislauf auch zum Transportieren der Hackschnitzel genutzt. Durch das Schließen des Kreislaufs wird die Menge an Abwasser, das Abwasser-Volumen, ganz erheblich verringert. Der Kreislauf wird so lange geschlossen, bis entweder das auf bis zu 98 °C erhitzte Wasser zu stark mit gelösten Inhaltsstoffen belastet ist, so dass ein Teil oder das gesamte Wasser ausgetauscht werden muss oder bis z. B. Schmutz, der aus den Hackschnitzeln herausgewaschen wurde, aus dem Wasserkreislauf ausgeschleust werden muss.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a closed water cycle is set up for washing and heating the chips with water. Advantageously, this water cycle is also used to transport the wood chips. Closing the cycle significantly reduces the amount of waste water, the volume of wastewater. The cycle is closed until either the up to 98 ° C heated water is too heavily loaded with dissolved ingredients, so that some or all of the water must be replaced or z. As dirt that has been washed out of the wood chips, must be discharged from the water cycle.

Auf diese Weise ist ein verhältnismäßig geringes Volumen von hoch belastetem Wasser aufzubereiten - im Vergleich zum bisher frei gesetzten, gering belasteten kondensierten Dampf. Hierfür genügen kleine, effiziente Anlagen zur Wasseraufbereitung, die wesentlich kostengünstiger arbeiten als Anlagen, die hohe Volumina gering belasteter Abwässer behandeln.In this way, a relatively small volume of highly contaminated water is treated - compared to previously released, low-loaded condensed steam. For this purpose, small, efficient systems for water treatment, which are much cheaper to work than systems that are high volumes of low polluted wastewater to treat.

Aus den vorstehenden Ausführungen ergibt sich, dass es besonders wirtschaftlich ist, die Hackschnitzel so weit wie möglich mit heißem Wasser zu erhitzen. Zu diesem Zweck kann Wasser bis auf maximal 98 °C erhitzt werden, ohne dass zu befürchten ist, dass Dampf freigesetzt wird. Es ist aber genauso -wenn auch mit geringerem Nutzen- möglich, die Hackschnitzel mit weniger heißem Wasser zu waschen und zu erhitzen sowie ggf. zu transportieren. Je weniger weit die Hackschnitzel mit heißem Wasser erhitzt werden, desto mehr Dampf muss eingesetzt werden, um die Hackschnitzel bis auf die für das Zerfasern erforderliche oder gewünschte Temperatur zu erhitzen. Entsprechend mehr Kondensat entsteht, das zwar nur verhältnismäßig gering mit Extrakten bzw. Holzinhaltsstoffen belastet ist und dennoch aufwändig zu reinigen ist, bevor es in einen Vorfluter eingeleitet werden kann.It follows from the foregoing that it is particularly economical to heat the chips as much as possible with hot water. For this purpose, water can be heated up to a maximum of 98 ° C, without any fear that steam will be released. However, it is equally possible - even if with less benefit - to wash and heat the chips with less hot water and, if necessary, to transport them. The less far the chips are heated with hot water, the more steam must be used to heat the chips to the required or desired temperature for defibering. Correspondingly more condensate is formed, which, although only relatively slightly contaminated with extracts or wood constituents, is still expensive to clean before it can be introduced into a receiving water.

Das Erhitzen des Wassers geschieht besonders vorteilhaft und wirtschaftlich, wenn ein Wärmetauscher in den Wasserkreislauf eingesetzt wird. Der Wärmetauscher kann mit beliebiger Energie betrieben werden, z. B. Dampf oder Thermalöl. Bevorzugt wird es jedoch, wenn Thermalöl eingesetzt wird.The heating of the water is particularly advantageous and economical when a heat exchanger is used in the water cycle. The heat exchanger can be operated with any energy, eg. As steam or thermal oil. However, it is preferred if thermal oil is used.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiter eine Vorrichtung zum Aufbereiten von Hackschnitzeln zum Herstellen von holzhaltigem Faserstoff, aufweisend

  • einen Waschbehälter für Hackschnitzel und
  • eine Übergabevorrichtung für auf bis zu 90 °C erhitzte Hackschnitzel,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der Waschbehälter für Hackschnitzel und die Übergabevorrichtung für auf bis zu 90 °C erhitzte Hackschnitzel durch einen geschlossenen Wasserkreislauf für auf bis zu 98 °C erhitztes Wasser miteinander verbunden sind.The invention further relates to a device for processing wood chips for producing wood-containing pulp, comprising
  • a washing container for wood chips and
  • a transfer device for wood chips heated up to 90 ° C,
characterized in that
the washing container for wood chips and the transfer device for wood chips heated up to 90 ° C through a closed water circuit for up to 98 ° C heated water are connected.

Der Waschbehälter nimmt frisch erzeugte oder gelagerte Hackschnitzel aus Holz oder aus Einjahrespflanzen auf, denen Rinde, Eis, Schnee, Erde oder andere Verschmutzungen anhaften können, die im Faserstoff unerwünscht sind. Die Hackschnitzel werden im Waschbehälter in heißem Wasser bewegt und dadurch voneinander und von den Verunreinigungen befreit. Gleichzeitig werden die Hackschnitzel erwärmt. Der Waschbehälter, ggf. ergänzt durch Leitungen und Übergabevorrichtung, ist so ausgelegt, dass die Hackschnitzel lange genug darin verweilen, dass sie annähernd oder vollständig die Temperatur des bis zu 98 °C heißen Wassers annehmen. Die erhitzten Hackschnitzel werden dann in dem heißen Wasser zu einer Übergabevorrichtung gefördert. An der Übergabevorrichtung wird das heiße Wasser von den Hackschnitzeln getrennt und in einem geschlossenen Wasserkreislauf z. B. über Rückführleitungen, Siebe etc. zum Waschbehälter zurückgeführt. Das heiße Wasser zirkuliert also zwischen Waschbehälter und Übergabevorrichtung.The wash tank accepts freshly produced or stored wood chips or annual plants which may adhere to bark, ice, snow, soil or other soils undesirable in the pulp. The chips are moved in the wash tank in hot water and thereby freed from each other and the impurities. At the same time, the wood chips are heated. The washing container, if necessary supplemented by lines and transfer device, is designed so that the wood chips linger long enough that they approximately or completely assume the temperature of the up to 98 ° C hot water. The heated chips are then conveyed in the hot water to a transfer device. At the transfer device, the hot water is separated from the chips and in a closed water cycle z. B. via return lines, screens etc. returned to the wash tank. The hot water thus circulates between the wash tank and the transfer device.

Die Übergabevorrichtung ist dazu ausgelegt, die Hackschnitzel aus dem heißen Wasser heraus an Vorrichtungen zum weiteren Erhitzen zu übergeben. In einer ersten Vorrichtung (Vorkocher / Pufferbehälter) können die Hackschnitzel mit Dampf weiter auf rund 98 °C erhitzt werden. Diese übernimmt auch die Funktion eines Pufferbehälters, gewährleistet eine gleichmäßige und vollständige Durchwärmung der Hackschnitzel und sie gewährleistet eine gleichmäßige Versorgung der Vorrichtung zum Zerfasern mit vorgewärmten Hackschnitzeln. Über eine Austragsvorrichtung werden die Hackschnitzel in den Kocher übergeben. Diese zweite Übergabevorrichtung kann z. B. als Stopfschnecke ausgebildet sein, in der die Hackschnitzel durch zunehmende Verdichtung einen Pfropf ausbilden, der einerseits das Wasser aus den Hackschnitzeln austreibt und der andererseits ausreichend dampfdicht ist, um gegen den Dampf abzudichten, mit dem die Hackschnitzel dann weiter erhitzt werden. Im Kocher werden die Hackschnitzel unter Druck weiter mit Dampf auf Temperaturen von ca. 140 °C (ca. 4 bar) bis ca. 200 °C (ca. 16 bar) erhitzt, um dann zerfasert zu werden.The transfer device is adapted to transfer the chips from the hot water to devices for further heating. In a first device (precooker / buffer tank), the chips can be further heated with steam to around 98 ° C. This also assumes the function of a buffer container, ensures a uniform and complete heating of the chips and it ensures a uniform supply of the device for defibering with preheated wood chips. About a discharge device, the wood chips are transferred to the digester. This second transfer device can, for. B. be designed as a stuffing screw in which the chips form by increasing compression a plug, on the one hand drives out the water from the wood chips and the other is sufficiently vapor-tight to seal against the steam, with which the chips are then heated further. In the digester, the chips are further heated under pressure with steam to temperatures of about 140 ° C (about 4 bar) to about 200 ° C (about 16 bar), to then be defibered.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist ein Wärmetauscher in den Wasserkreislauf eingefügt. Der Wärmetauscher dient dazu, das Wasser des Wasserkreislaufs durch ein Heizmedium auf bis zu 98 °C zu erhitzen, ohne dass Heizmedium und Wasser sich mischen. Der Wärmetauscher wird bevorzugt mit Thermalöl oder Dampf beheizt. Dampf ist beim Erhitzen von Hackschnitzeln verfügbar, weil er beim Zerfasern der erhitzten Hackschnitzel freigesetzt und aufgefangen wird.According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, a heat exchanger is inserted into the water cycle. The heat exchanger is used to heat the water of the water cycle through a heating medium up to 98 ° C, without mixing the heating medium and water. The heat exchanger is preferably heated with thermal oil or steam. Steam is available when heating wood chips, because it is released and caught when defibrating the heated wood chips.

Es wird bevorzugt, dass der Wasserkreislauf, der für das heiße Wasser zwischen dem Waschbehälter und der Übergabevorrichtung hergestellt ist, zum Transportieren der Hackschnitzel im Wasser vom Waschbehälter zur Übergabevorrichtung ausgelegt ist. Die Hackschnitzel werden also bevorzugt nicht ausschließlich stationär in heißem Wasser gelagert. Vielmehr werden die Hackschnitzel mit dem bis zu 98 °C heißen Wasser von dem Waschbehälter bis zur ersten Übergabevorrichtung gefördert. Dadurch werden die Hackschnitzel mit der maximalen im Wasser zu erreichenden Temperatur vom Wasser bis an die Übergabevorrichtung gefördert. Die Hackschnitzel haben dann durch die längere Verweildauer im Wasser den bei dieser Temperatur maximalen Grad der Erweichung erreicht. Gleichzeitig wird gewährleistet, dass ein Maximum an Holzinhaltsstoffen und anderen löslichen Holzbestandteilen in das Wasser übergeht. Entsprechend wird die Belastung des Dampfs, der zum weiteren Erhitzen der Hackschnitzel verwendet wird, verringert.It is preferred that the water loop made for the hot water between the wash tank and the transfer device be designed to transport the wood chips from the wash tank to the transfer device in the water. The chips are therefore preferably not stored only stationary in hot water. Rather, the chips are promoted with the up to 98 ° C hot water from the wash tank to the first transfer device. As a result, the chips are conveyed with the maximum temperature to be reached in the water from the water to the transfer device. The chips have then reached by the longer residence time in the water at this temperature maximum degree of softening. At the same time, it ensures that a maximum of wood constituents and other soluble wood constituents pass into the water. Accordingly, the load of the steam used to further heat the chips is reduced.

Es erweist sich als vorteilhaft, wenn mindestens ein Filter und/oder Sieb zum Entfernen von Verunreinigungen aus dem Wasser in den Wasserkreislauf eingefügt ist. Die Filter bzw. Siebe können den gesamten Wasserstrom oder Teile davon filtrieren. Die Filter und Siebe dienen bevorzugt zum Entfernen von groben Verunreinigungen, z. B. von Feststoffen wie Rindenpartikeln, die mechanisch entfernt werden können. Grundsätzlich ist aber auch denkbar, dass Filter zum Abscheiden von gelösten oder dispergierten Verunreinigungen in den Wasserkreislauf eingesetzt sind, z. B. Membranfilter zum Ausfiltern von Phenolen, Terpenen oder Harzen. Zu den Filtern zählen im Sinne dieser Erfindung auch Verdampfer, mit denen flüchtige Verunreinigungen aus dem Wasserkreislauf entfernt werden.It proves to be advantageous if at least one filter and / or screen for removing contaminants from the water is inserted into the water cycle. The filters can filter all or part of the water flow. The filters and sieves are preferably used to remove coarse contaminants, eg. As solids such as bark particles that can be removed mechanically. In principle, however, it is also conceivable that filters are used for separating dissolved or dispersed impurities in the water cycle, for. B. membrane filters for filtering out phenols, terpenes or resins. For the purposes of this invention, the filters also include evaporators with which volatile impurities are removed from the water cycle.

Durch die Kreislaufschließung wird das heiße Wasser mit Verunreinigungen angereichert, die in der Regel beim Waschen der Hackschnitzel nicht stören. Sobald jedoch die Waschwirkung des heißen Wassers nachlässt oder sobald die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung durch diese Verunreinigungen beeinträchtigt wird, beispielsweise durch Ablagerungen von Verunreinigungen am Wärmetauscher oder an Filtern, dann wird das bis zu 98 °C heiße Wasser ausgetauscht. Bevorzugt wird nur ein Teil des Wassers ausgetauscht. Besonders bevorzugt wird ein kontinuierlicher Zu- und Abfluss von Wasser zu dem Wasserkreislauf zwischen Übergabevorrichtung und Waschbehälter eingerichtet. Auf diese Weise kann das aus dem Wasserkreislauf ausgeschleuste, verunreinigte Wasser in einer kontinuierlich arbeitenden, für geringe Volumenströme ausgelegten Reinigungsanlage aufbereitet werden, so dass es einem Vorfluter zugeführt werden kann.By closing the circuit, the hot water is enriched with impurities, which usually do not interfere with the washing of wood chips. However, as soon as the washing action of the hot water subsides or as soon as the device according to the invention is impaired by these impurities, for example by deposits of impurities on the heat exchanger or on filters, the water, which is hot up to 98 ° C., is exchanged. Preferably, only a part of the water is exchanged. Particularly preferably, a continuous inflow and outflow of water to the water cycle between the transfer device and the wash tank is established. In this way, the discharged from the water cycle, contaminated water can be processed in a continuously operating, designed for low volume flows cleaning system, so that it can be fed to a receiving water.

Die einzelnen für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung beschriebenen Merkmale können ohne Weiteres frei miteinander kombiniert werden.The individual features described for the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be freely combined with one another without further ado.

Details der Erfindung werden an Hand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematisierte Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung
Details of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. It shows:
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of the device according to the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung weist einen Waschbehälter 1, eine Transportleitung 2 und eine Übergabevorrichtung 3 sowie eine Rückleitung 9 für heißes, von den Hackschnitzeln separiertes Wasser, einen Wärmetauscher 10 und eine Zuleitung 12 für auf bis zu 98 °C aufgeheiztes Wasser auf, die sich vom Wärmetauscher 10 bis zum Waschbehälter 1 erstreckt.The device according to the invention has a washing container 1, a transport line 2 and a transfer device 3 and a return line 9 for hot, separated from the wood chips, a heat exchanger 10 and a supply line 12 for up to 98 ° C heated water, extending from the heat exchanger 10 extends to the wash tank 1.

An die Übergabevorrichtung 3 schließt sich der Vordampfbehälter 4 an. Der Vordampfbehälter 4 kann als Pufferbehälter benutzt werden, um eine stetige Produktion zu sichern. Aus dem Vordampfbehälter 4 werden die Hackschnitzel über eine Austragsvorrichtung 5 ausgetragen und in den Kocher 6 überführt, in dem sie mit Dampf auf Temperaturen von 140 °C bis 200 °C erhitzt werden. Am Übergang von der Austragsvorrichtung 5 in den Kocher 6 werden die Hackschnitzel H durch die Einwirkung des Dampfes bereits auf 98 °C und mehr erhitzt. Bei einer Temperatur von 140°C herrscht ein Druck von 4 bar. Bei einer Temperatur von 200°C herrscht ein Druck von 16 bar. Die im Kocher 6 je nach Einwirkzeit bis auf die Temperatur des Dampfes oder auf eine Temperatur von maximal 10 °C unter der Dampftemperatur erhitzten Hackschnitzel werden durch eine Austragsschnecke 7 zum Refiner 8 gefördert, der die Hackschnitzel zwischen gegeneinander rotierenden, profilierten Platten zerfasert.At the transfer device 3, the pre-steam tank 4 connects. The pre-steam tank 4 can be used as a buffer tank to ensure a steady production. From the Vampfampfbehälter 4, the chips are discharged through a discharge device 5 and transferred to the digester 6, in which they are heated with steam to temperatures of 140 ° C to 200 ° C. At the transition from the discharge device 5 in the digester 6, the chips H are already heated by the action of steam to 98 ° C and more. At a temperature of 140 ° C, there is a pressure of 4 bar. At a temperature of 200 ° C, there is a pressure of 16 bar. The heated in the digester 6 depending on the action time up to the temperature of the steam or to a temperature of not more than 10 ° C below the steam temperature chips are promoted by a discharge screw 7 to the refiner 8, which defibrillates the chips between mutually rotating, profiled plates.

Die Vorrichtung wird wie folgt betrieben: In den mit Wasser gefüllten Waschbehälter 1 werden zum einen Hackschnitzel H eingespeist. Die Hackschnitzel können entweder unmittelbar zuvor erzeugt oder bereits gelagert sein. Es handelt sich in der Regel um Nadelholz-Hackschnitzel. Zum anderen wird über die Zuleitung 12 bis zu 98 °C heißes Wasser in den Waschbehälter eingespeist. Heißes Wasser und Hackschnitzel werden im Waschbehälter umgewälzt, hier angedeutet durch eine Umwälzvorrichtung 13, beispielsweise einen Rührer. Durch das Umwälzen und die Einwirkung des heißen Wassers werden Verunreinigungen von den Hackschnitzeln entfernt. Verunreinigungen, die als Feststoff vorliegen, sinken zu Boden. Sie werden am Boden des Waschbehälters abgezogen, in der Regel durch hier nicht näher dargestellte Filter oder Siebe. Lösliche Verunreinigungen, beispielsweise Harze, Farbstoffe und dergleichen lösen sich im Wasser. Durch die Kreislaufführung des Wassers reichern sie sich im Wasser an. Lösliche Verunreinigungen können zum Teil z.B. mittels Membranfilter ausgefiltert werden. Ein Teil des Wassers wird regelmäßig ausgeschleust bzw. abgeschlämmt und durch gereinigtes Wasser ersetzt.The device is operated as follows: In the water-filled washing container 1, on the one hand, chips H are fed. The wood chips can either produced or already stored immediately before. These are usually softwood chips. On the other hand, up to 98 ° C hot water is fed through the supply line 12 in the wash tank. Hot water and wood chips are circulated in the washing tank, here indicated by a circulating device 13, for example a stirrer. By circulating and the action of the hot water impurities are removed from the wood chips. Impurities that are present as solids sink to the bottom. They are withdrawn at the bottom of the washing container, usually by filters or strainers, not shown here. Soluble impurities, for example, resins, dyes and the like dissolve in the water. By recirculating the water they accumulate in the water. Soluble impurities can be partially filtered out eg by means of membrane filters. Part of the water is regularly discharged or washed off and replaced with purified water.

Bereits während des Waschens erwärmen sich die Hackschnitzel. Dabei erweichen bzw. plastifizieren sie zunehmend. Die Hackschnitzel werden durch die Umwälzvorrichtung 13 gerichtet durch den Waschbehälter 1 gefördert und zur Transportleitung 2 bewegt.Already during the washing the wood chips warm up. In the process, they soften or plasticify increasingly. The wood chips are directed by the circulating device 13 directed through the washing container 1 and moved to the transport line 2.

Die Hackschnitzel werden dann im heißen Wasser durch die Transportleitung 2 gepumpt. Auch während des Transports durch die Transportleitung 2 nehmen die Hackschnitzel weiter Wärmeenergie aus dem auf bis zu 98 °C erhitzten Wasser auf. Das beim Einspeisen der Hackschnitzel in den Waschbehälter 1 vorhandene Temperaturgefälle zwischen dem heißen Wasser und den Hackschnitzeln wird zunehmend ausgeglichen.The chips are then pumped in hot water through the transport line 2. Even during transport through the transport line 2, the woodchips continue to absorb heat energy from the heated to 98 ° C water. The temperature gradient between the hot water and the wood chips present when feeding the chips into the washing container 1 is increasingly compensated.

Am Ende der Transportleitung werden die Hackschnitzel über die Übergabevorrichtung 3, eine Schnecke, dem Vordampfbehälter übergeben und gleichzeitig entwässert. Das freigesetzte Wasser wird über die Rückführleitung 9, sowie über Siebe (nicht dargestellt) zurück in den Waschwasserkreislauf geführt.At the end of the transport line, the chips are transferred via the transfer device 3, a screw, the pre-steam tank and drained at the same time. The Liberated water is fed via the return line 9, and via sieves (not shown) back into the wash water circuit.

Im anschließenden Vordampfbehälter werden die erhitzten Hackschnitzel durch Dampf auf bis zu 98 °C erhitzt. Am Ausgang des Vordampfbehälters 4 ist eine Austragsvorrichtung 5, ebenfalls eine Schnecke, angeordnet, welche die durch die Wärme plastifizierten Hackschnitzel weiter entwässert und zu einem Pfropf formt, der den unter Überdruck (z. B. unter einem Druck von 7bar-12bar) stehenden Kocher abdichtet.In the subsequent pre-steaming container, the heated wood chips are heated by steam up to 98 ° C. At the outlet of the pre-steam tank 4, a discharge device 5, also a screw, is arranged, which further dehydrates the wood chips plasticized by the heat and forms a plug which seals the cooker under overpressure (eg under a pressure of 7 bar-12 bar) seals.

Die Übergabevorrichtung 3 bzw. die Austragsvorrichtung 5 sind jeweils -mindestens abschnittsweise- zum Entwässern ausgelegt. Heißes Wasser und Hackschnitzel werden voneinander getrennt. Das Wasser wird aufgefangen und von der Übergabevorrichtung 3 und der Austragsvorrichtung 5 über die Rückleitung 9 wird der Wasserkreislauf zwischen dem Waschbehälter 1 und der Übergabevorrichtung 3 geschlossen.The transfer device 3 and the discharge device 5 are each designed, at least in sections, for dewatering. Hot water and wood chips are separated. The water is collected and the water circuit between the washing tank 1 and the transfer device 3 is closed by the transfer device 3 and the discharge device 5 via the return line 9.

Die Rückleitung 9 führt zum Wärmetauscher 10. Der Wärmetauscher 10 wird einerseits von Wasser durchströmt, das zum Erhitzen von Hackschnitzeln verwendet wurde, und das dadurch abgekühlt wurde. Der Wärmetauscher 10 wird in einem zweiten Leitungssystem 11 andererseits von einem Heizmedium, hier Thermoöl, durchströmt, das heißer ist als das Wasser, und welches das Wasser auf bis zu 98 °C aufheizt. Vom Wärmetauscher 10 führt die Zuleitung 12 zum Waschbehälter 1 und schließt an dieser Stelle den Wasserkreislauf.The return line 9 leads to the heat exchanger 10. The heat exchanger 10 is traversed on the one hand by water, which was used for heating wood chips, and which was thereby cooled. The heat exchanger 10 is in a second conduit system 11 on the other hand by a heating medium, here thermal oil, flows through, which is hotter than the water, and which heats the water to up to 98 ° C. From the heat exchanger 10 leads the supply line 12 to the wash tank 1 and closes at this point the water cycle.

Der Wasserkreislauf weist also folgende Abschnitte auf: Waschbehälter 1, Transportleitung 2, die Übergabevorrichtung 3, den Vordampfbehälter 4 und die Austragsvorrichtung 5, dann die Rückleitung 9, ergänzt durch den Wärmetauscher 10 und die Zuleitung 12.The water cycle thus has the following sections: wash tank 1, transport line 2, the transfer device 3, the pre-steam tank 4 and the discharge device 5, then the return line 9, supplemented by the heat exchanger 10 and the supply line 12th

Die Hackschnitzel weisen an der Übergabevorrichtung 3 eine Temperatur von rund 90 °C bzw. der Austragsvorrichtung 5 eine Temperatur von bis zu 98 °C auf, da hier bereits Dampf auf die Hackschnitzel einwirkt. Sie weisen weiter gegenüber gewaschenen Hackschnitzeln, die nicht auf die Temperatur des Waschwassers erwärmt wurden, einen reduzierten Gehalt an Inhaltsstoffen auf. Zum Erhitzen der erfindungsgemäß gewaschenen und mit Wasser erhitzten Hackschnitzel auf die zum Zerfasern erforderliche Tempe-ratur ist gegenüber dem Stand der Technik weniger Dampf erforderlich. Die Reinigung des Wassers ist mit bekannten Anlagen zur Abwasserbehandlung auf wirtschaftliche Weise möglich.The wood chips have at the transfer device 3, a temperature of about 90 ° C and the discharge device 5, a temperature of up to 98 ° C, since here already acts steam on the chips. They also have a reduced level of ingredients compared to washed chips that have not been heated to the temperature of the wash water. For heating the wood chips washed according to the invention and heated with water to the temperature required for defibering, less steam is required than in the prior art. The purification of the water is possible with known plants for wastewater treatment in an economical manner.

Claims (11)

  1. A method for processing wood chips for the production of fibrous material containing wood with the steps
    - washing of the wood chips
    - heating of the wood chips and
    - transporting of the wood chips from the washing container (1) to a transfer apparatus (3)
    - transporting of the wood chips to a defibration apparatus (8),
    characterized in that
    - the washing and the heating of the wood chips up to approximately 90°C with water heated to up to 98°C and
    - the transport of the wood chips to the transfer apparatus (3) in the hot water takes place and
    - in the transfer apparatus (3), the wood chips are separated from the hot water and transferred to apparatuses (4, 6) for further heating with steam.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the washing and the simultaneous heating of the wood chips takes place in a closed water circuit (9, 10, 12).
  3. The method according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the hot water is heated to up to 98°C by means of a heat exchanger (10).
  4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the heat exchanger (10) is heated with steam or thermal oil.
  5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the steam is obtained from the production of the fibrous material containing wood.
  6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wood chips heated to up to 90°C with water are further heated with steam until the temperature required for the defibration is reached.
  7. An apparatus for processing wood chips for the production of fibrous material containing wood, having
    - a washing container (1) for wood chips
    - a transport line for transporting the wood chips from the washing container to a transfer apparatus (3) for wood chips heated to up to 90°C,
    characterized in that
    - the transport line is designed for the transport of the wood chips in water heated to up to 98°C and
    - the transfer apparatus (3) is designed to separate the wood chips from the water and
    - to transfer the wood chips to apparatuses (4, 6) for further heating of the wood chips with steam and
    - the washing container (1) for wood chips and the transfer apparatus (3) for wood chips heated to up to 90°C are interconnected by a closed water circuit (9, 10, 12) for water heated to up to 98°C.
  8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that a buffer container (4) is arranged between the transfer apparatus (3) and the discharge apparatus (5).
  9. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that a heat exchanger (10) is integrated into the water circuit (9, 10, 12).
  10. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the water circuit (9, 10, 12) is designed to transport the wood chips in water from the washing container (1) to the transfer apparatus (3).
  11. The apparatus according to at least one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that at least one apparatus for removing impurities from the water is integrated into the water circuit (9, 10, 12).
EP11182491.8A 2011-09-23 2011-09-23 Method and apparatus for processing wood chips for the production of fibrous material containing wood Active EP2573258B1 (en)

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SE8502210L (en) 1985-05-06 1986-11-07 Sunds Defibrator PREPARATION OF MECHANICAL Pulp
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