EP2570509A1 - Production method for AlMgSi-aluminium strip - Google Patents
Production method for AlMgSi-aluminium strip Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2570509A1 EP2570509A1 EP11181519A EP11181519A EP2570509A1 EP 2570509 A1 EP2570509 A1 EP 2570509A1 EP 11181519 A EP11181519 A EP 11181519A EP 11181519 A EP11181519 A EP 11181519A EP 2570509 A1 EP2570509 A1 EP 2570509A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hot
- strip
- rolling
- temperature
- rolled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 aluminum-magnesium-silicon Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017639 MgSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a strip of AlMgSi alloy, in which a ingot of an AlMgSi alloy is cast, the ingot is subjected to homogenization, the hot rolled to rolled slab is rolled, then optionally cold rolled to final thickness and finished rolled strip is solution-tempered and quenched. Moreover, the invention relates to advantageous uses of a correspondingly produced AlMgSi aluminum strip.
- AlMgSi alloys whose main alloying constituents are magnesium and silicon have relatively high strengths in the state T6 with at the same time good forming behavior in the state T4 and excellent corrosion resistance.
- AlMgSi alloys are the alloy types AA6XXX, for example, the alloy types AA6016, AA6014, AA6181, AA6060 and AA6111.
- Aluminum tapes of AlMgSi alloy are produced by casting a roll bar, homogenizing the roll bar, hot rolling the roll bar, and cold rolling the hot strip. The homogenisation of the rolling ingot takes place at a temperature of 380 to 580 ° C for more than one hour.
- the tapes can be delivered in condition T4.
- the state T6 is set after quenching by thermal aging at temperatures between 100 ° C and 220 ° C.
- the AlMgSi alloy strip has a maximum temperature of 130 ° C immediately after discharge from the last hot rolling pass and is wound at this or a lower temperature.
- the hot strip By quenching the hot strip with this method, it was possible to produce aluminum strips in state T4, which in state T4 has an elongation at break of A80 of more than 30% or an equi-elongation Ag of more than 25%.
- very high elongation at break values were found in the T6 state.
- this temperature range at the outlet of the last hot roll pass leads to problems in the flatness of the hot strip, so that the subsequent manufacturing steps were disturbed.
- the present invention based on the object to provide an improved process for the production of an aluminum strip of an AlMgSi alloy available, with which AlMgSi aluminum strips can be produced with a very good forming behavior in the state T4 process reliable.
- the stated object of a method is achieved in that the hot strip immediately after leaving the last Hot rolling pass a temperature of more than 130 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to a maximum of 250 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to a maximum of 230 ° C and the hot strip is wound at this temperature.
- this cooling takes place within the last two hot rolling passes, ie the cooling to more than 130 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to 230 ° C within seconds, maximum within of five minutes. It has been found that in this procedure, the increased Gleichurgidehnungshong at usual strength or Dehngrenzhong in the state T4 and the improved hardenability in the state T6 are achieved particularly reliable process.
- a process-reliable cooling of the hot strip is achieved by quenching the hot strip itself to coiling temperature using at least one sinker cooler and the hot rolling passes applied with emulsion.
- a board cooler consists of an array of coolant or lubricant nozzles which spray a rolling emulsion onto the aluminum strip.
- the sinker may be present in a hot rolling mill to cool rolled hot strip to rolling temperature prior to hot rolling and to achieve higher production speeds.
- the temperature of the hot strip prior to the start of the cooling process which takes place preferably within the last two rolling passes, at least 400 ° C, preferably 470 ° C to 490 ° C, is achieved according to a next embodiment of the method that particularly small Mg 2 Si precipitates are present in the quenched hot strip, since the largest proportion of the alloying constituents magnesium and silicon are present at these temperatures in the dissolved state in the aluminum matrix.
- This advantageous state of the hot strip is quasi "frozen" by quenching.
- the temperature of the hot strip after the penultimate rolling pass is 290 ° C to 310 ° C. It has been found that these temperatures both allow a sufficient freezing of the precipitates and on the other hand at the same time the last pass can be carried out without problems.
- the thickness of the finished hot strip is 3 mm to 12 mm, preferably 5 mm to 8 mm, so that conventional cold rolling stands for cold rolling can be used.
- the aluminum alloy used is of the alloy type AA6xxx, preferably AA6014, AA6016, AA6060, AA6111 or AA6181.
- All alloy types AA6xxx have in common that they have a particularly good forming behavior characterized by high elongation values in the state T4 and high strength or yield strength in use condition T6, for example, after a hot aging at 205 ° C / 30 min.
- the finished rolled aluminum strip is subjected to a heat treatment, wherein the aluminum strip is heated after solution treatment and quenching to more than 100 ° C and then at a temperature of more than 55 ° C, preferably more than 85 ° C. wound up and outsourced.
- This embodiment of the method after cold aging by a shorter heating phase at lower temperatures, allows to set the state T6 in the strip or sheet in which the sheet-formed or strip-formed components are used in the application.
- These fast-curing aluminum strips are for this purpose only to temperatures of about 185 ° C for only 20 min. heated to reach the higher yield limits in state T6.
- the elongation at break values A 80 of the aluminum strips produced in this embodiment of the method according to the invention in state T4 are slightly below 29%.
- the aluminum strip produced according to the invention is still characterized by a very good uniform elongation Ag of more than 25% after aging in state T4.
- Equilibrium Ag is understood as the maximum elongation of the sample at which no constriction of the sample occurs during the tensile test. The sample is thus stretched evenly in the region of the uniform expansion.
- the uniform elongation significantly influences the forming behavior, since this determines the maximum degree of deformation of the material used in practice.
- an aluminum strip with very good forming properties can be made available with the method according to the invention, which can also be transferred to the condition T6 via an accelerated thermal aging (185 ° C./20 min.).
- An aluminum alloy of the type AA6016 has the following alloy constituents in percent by weight: 0.25% ⁇ Mg ⁇ 0.6%, 1.0% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.5%, Fe ⁇ 0.5%, Cu ⁇ 0.2%, Mn ⁇ 0.2%, Cr ⁇ 0.1%, Zn ⁇ 0.1%, Ti ⁇ 0.1% and residual Al and unavoidable impurities in the sum total of 0.15%, individually a maximum of 0.05%.
- the manganese content of less than 0.2% by weight reduces the tendency to form coarser manganese precipitates.
- chromium ensures a fine microstructure, it should be limited to 0.1% by weight in order to avoid coarse precipitation.
- the presence of manganese improved the weldability by reducing the cracking tendency or the quenching sensitivity of the manganese aluminum strip according to the invention.
- a reduction of the zinc content to a maximum of 0.1% by weight improves in particular the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy or of the finished sheet in the respective application.
- titanium provides grain refining during casting, but should be limited to a maximum of 0.1% by weight to ensure good castability of the aluminum alloy.
- An aluminum alloy of the type AA6060 has the following alloy constituents in percent by weight: 0.35% ⁇ Mg ⁇ 0.6%, 0.3% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.6%, 0.1% ⁇ Fe ⁇ 0.3% Cu ⁇ 0.1%, Mn ⁇ 0.1%, Cr ⁇ 0.05%, Zn ⁇ 0.10%, Ti ⁇ 0.1% and Residual Al and unavoidable impurities up to a total of 0.15%, individually up to a maximum of 0.05%.
- the combination of a precisely predetermined magnesium content with a reduced Si content and narrowly specified Fe content in comparison to the first embodiment results in an aluminum alloy in which the formation of Mg 2 Si precipitates after hot rolling can be prevented particularly well by the method according to the invention, so that a sheet with improved elongation and high yield strengths can be provided compared to conventionally produced sheets.
- the lesser Upper limits of the alloying constituents Cu, Mn and Cr additionally reinforce the effect of the process according to the invention. With regard to the effects of the upper limit of Zn and Ti, reference is made to the comments on the first embodiment of the aluminum alloy.
- An aluminum alloy of type AA6014 has the following alloy constituents in percent by weight: 0.4% ⁇ Mg ⁇ 0.8%, 0.3% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.6%, Fe ⁇ 0.35% Cu ⁇ 0.25%, 0.05% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.20%, Cr ⁇ 0.20%, Zn ⁇ 0.10%, 0.05% ⁇ V ⁇ 0.20%, Ti ⁇ 0.1% and Residual Al and unavoidable impurities up to a total of 0.15%, individually up to a maximum of 0.05%.
- An AA6181 aluminum alloy has the following alloy components in weight percent: 0.6% ⁇ Mg ⁇ 1.0%, 0.8% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.2%, Fe ⁇ 0.45% Cu ⁇ 0.10%, Mn ⁇ 0.15%, Cr ⁇ 0.10%, Zn ⁇ 0.20%, Ti ⁇ 0.1% and Residual Al and unavoidable impurities up to a total of 0.15%, individually up to a maximum of 0.05%.
- An AA6111 aluminum alloy has the following alloy components in weight percent: 0.5% ⁇ Mg ⁇ 1.0%, 0.7% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.1%, Fe ⁇ 0.40% 0.50% ⁇ Cu ⁇ 0.90%, 0.15% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.45%, Cr ⁇ 0.10%, Zn ⁇ 0.15%, Ti ⁇ 0.1% and Residual Al and unavoidable impurities up to a total of 0.15%, individually up to a maximum of 0.05%. Due to the increased copper content, the AA6111 alloy generally shows higher strength values in the T6 application, but is to be classified as more susceptible to corrosion.
- All the aluminum alloys shown are specifically adapted to different applications in their alloy components.
- tapes made of these aluminum alloys, which were produced using the method according to the invention exhibit particularly high uniform strain values in state T4 coupled with a particularly pronounced increase in the yield strength, for example after heat aging at 205 ° C./30 min. This also applies to the aluminum strips subjected to a heat treatment after solution heat treatment in the condition T4.
- a fast-setting AlMgSi alloy ribbon having excellent forming properties can be provided by an aluminum alloy ribbon produced according to the present invention, which is subjected to solution annealing followed by heat treatment after its production.
- state T4 it has, as already stated, a uniform elongation Ag of more than 25%, for example, at a yield strength Rp0.2 of 80 to 140 MPa.
- a fast-hardening AlMgSi alloy strip which can also be easily formed at the same time, can be made available.
- the heat aging to reach the state T6 can be 185 ° C for 20 min., To the required
- an aluminum alloy strip produced according to the invention has an equiaxial elongation Ag of more than 25% in the rolling direction, transverse to the rolling direction and diagonally to the rolling direction, so that a particularly isotropic forming capability is made possible.
- the aluminum strips produced according to the invention preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 12 mm.
- Aluminum strips with thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 2 mm are preferably used for body parts, for example in the automotive industry, while aluminum bands with larger thicknesses of 2 to 4.5 mm, for example, find in chassis parts in automotive applications.
- Individual components can also be manufactured in a cold-rolled strip with a thickness of up to 6 mm.
- aluminum strips with thicknesses of up to 12 mm can be used. These very thick aluminum strips are usually provided only by hot rolling.
- FIG. 1 a schematic flow diagram of an embodiment of the inventive method for producing a strip of a MgSi aluminum alloy with the steps of a) producing and homogenizing the rolling ingot, b) hot rolling, c) cold rolling and d) solution treatment with quenching.
- an aluminum alloy ingot 1 having the following alloy components by weight is poured: 0.25% ⁇ Mg ⁇ 0.6%, 1.0% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.5%, Fe ⁇ 0.50%, Cu ⁇ 0.20%, Mn ⁇ 0.20%, Cr ⁇ 0.10%, Zn ⁇ 0.20%, Ti ⁇ 0.15% and Residual Al and unavoidable impurities up to a total of 0.15%, individually up to a maximum of 0.05%.
- the ingot produced in this way is homogenized in a furnace 2 for 8 hours at a homogenization temperature of about 550 ° C., so that the alloyed components alloyed in are present in a particularly homogeneous distribution in the rolling ingot.
- Fig. 1a The ingot produced in this way is homogenized in a furnace 2 for 8 hours at a homogenization temperature of about 550 ° C., so that the alloyed components alloyed in are present in a particularly homogeneous distribution in the rolling ingot.
- Fig. 1a The ingot produced in this way is homogenized in a furnace 2 for 8 hours at a homogenization temperature of about 550 ° C.
- the hot strip 4 preferably has a temperature of at least 400 ° C, preferably 470 ° C to 490 ° C.
- the hot strip is cooled here to a temperature of 290 ° C to 310 ° C before the last hot rolling pass.
- the sinker 5 sprayed only schematically, the hot strip 4 with cooling rolling emulsion and ensures an accelerated cooling of the hot strip 4 to the last-mentioned temperatures.
- the work rolls of the hot rolling stand 3 are also subjected to emulsion and cool the hot strip 4 in the last hot roll pass down further.
- the hot strip 4 at the outlet of the sinker cooler 5 'in the present embodiment has a temperature of 200 ° C to 230 ° C and is then wound on the take-up reel 6 at this temperature.
- the hot strip 4 directly at the outlet of the last hot roll pass a temperature of more than 135 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 200 ° C to 230 ° C or optionally in the last two hot rolling passes using the sinker cooler 5 and the work rolls of the hot rolling stand 3 is brought to said temperatures, the hot strip 4, despite the elevated coiling temperature, has a frozen crystal structure state, which leads to very good uniform elongation properties Ag of more than 25% in the state T4. It can still be processed faster and better due to the higher coiling temperature.
- the hot strip with a thickness of 3 to 12 mm, preferably 5 to 8 mm is wound on the take-up reel 6.
- the coiling temperature in the present exemplary embodiment is preferably 135 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the hot strip 4 has a very favorable for further processing crystal state and can be unwound from the unwinding reel 7, for example, fed to a cold rolling mill 9 and rewound on a take-up reel 8, Fig. 1c ).
- the resulting cold-rolled strip 11 is wound up. Subsequently, it is supplied to a solution annealing at temperatures of 520 ° C to 570 ° C and quenching 10, Fig. 1d ). For this purpose, it is again unwound from the coil 12, solution-annealed in an oven 10 and quenched again wound into a coil 13.
- the aluminum strip can then be delivered after a cold aging at room temperature in the state T4 with maximum formability. Alternatively (not shown), the aluminum strip 11 can be singulated into individual sheets, which are present after a cold aging in the state T4.
- the aluminum strip or the aluminum sheet is brought by cold aging at 100 ° C to 220 ° C in order to achieve maximum values for the yield strength.
- a thermal aging can also be performed at 205 ° C / 30 min.
- the aluminum strips produced according to the illustrated embodiment have a thickness of 0.5 to 4.5 mm after cold rolling.
- Tape thicknesses of 0.5 to 2 mm are commonly used for body applications or tape thicknesses of 2.0 mm to 4.5 mm for chassis parts in the automotive industry.
- the improved uniform strain values in the manufacture of the components are of crucial advantage, since mostly strong deformations of the sheets are carried out and still high strengths in the operating condition (T6) of the end product are required.
- Table 1 shows the alloy compositions of aluminum alloys from which aluminum tapes have been produced conventionally or according to the invention.
- the aluminum strips contain aluminum and impurities as a residual proportion, individually not more than 0.05% by weight and in total not more than 0.15% by weight.
- the tapes (samples) 251 and 252 were made by a process according to the invention, in which the hot strip was heated to about 135 ° C to 250 ° C within the last two hot rolling passes from about 470 ° C to 490 ° C Board cooler and the hot rolling itself cooled and wound up. Table 2 shows the measured values of these bands as "Inv.” characterized. This was followed by cold rolling to a final thickness of 0.865 mm.
- the tapes (samples) 491-1 and 491-11 were made with conventional hot rolling and cold rolling and with a "conv.” characterized.
- the strips were subjected to solution annealing with subsequent quenching and subsequent cold aging for eight days at room temperature.
- the T6 state was achieved by cold aging followed by aging at 205 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the samples marked L were cut in the rolling direction, the samples marked Q were cut transversely to the rolling direction, and the samples denoted D were cut diagonally to the rolling direction.
- the samples 491-1 and 491-11 were each measured transversely to the rolling direction.
- the advantageous microstructure which was set in the bands 251 and 252 by means of the method according to the invention, permits a significant increase in the uniform elongation Ag with identical yield strength Rp0.2 and strength Rm.
- the uniform elongation Ag increased from 23.0% to a maximum of 26.6% across the rolling direction in the According to the invention produced bands compared to the conventionally produced tapes.
- the microstructure set with the method according to the invention leads to the particularly advantageous combination of high uniform elongation Ag of more than 25% at very high values for the yield strength Rp0.2 of 80 to 140 MPa.
- the yield strength Rp0.2 increases to at least 185 MPa, with the uniform elongation Ag still remaining at more than 12%.
- the curability with a ⁇ Rp0.2 of 97 and 107 MPa is still very good in the tapes produced according to the invention.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bandes aus einer AlMgSi-Legierung, bei welchem ein Walzbarren aus einer AlMgSi-Legierung gegossen wird, der Walzbarren einer Homogenisierung unterzogen wird, der auf Walztemperatur gebrachte Walzbarren warmgewalzt wird, anschließend optional auf Enddicke kaltgewalzt und das fertig gewalzte Band lösungsgelüht und abgeschreckt wird. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung vorteilhafte Verwendungen eines entsprechend hergestellten AlMgSi-Aluminiumbandes.The invention relates to a method for producing a strip of AlMgSi alloy, in which a ingot of an AlMgSi alloy is cast, the ingot is subjected to homogenization, the hot rolled to rolled slab is rolled, then optionally cold rolled to final thickness and finished rolled strip is solution-tempered and quenched. Moreover, the invention relates to advantageous uses of a correspondingly produced AlMgSi aluminum strip.
Vor allem im Kraftfahrzeugbau aber auch in anderen Anwendungsgebieten, beispielsweise dem Flugzeugbau oder Schienenfahrzeugbau werden Bleche aus Aluminiumlegierungen benötigt, welche sich nicht nur durch besonders hohe Festigkeitswerte auszeichnen, sondern gleichzeitig ein sehr gutes Umformverhalten aufweisen und hohe Umformgrade ermöglichen. Im Kraftfahrzeugbau sind typische Anwendungsgebiete die Karosserie und Fahrwerkteile. Bei sichtbaren, lackierten Bauteilen, beispielsweise außen sichtbaren Karosserieblechen, kommt hinzu, dass das Umformen der Werkstoffe so erfolgen muss, dass die Oberfläche nach der Lackierung nicht durch Fehler wie Fließfiguren oder Zugrilligkeit (Roping) beeinträchtigt ist. Dies ist beispielsweise für die Verwendung von Aluminiumlegierungsblechen zur Herstellung von Motorhauben und anderen Karosseriebauteilen eines Kraftfahrzeuges besonders wichtig. Es schränkt die Werkstoffwahl hinsichtlich der Aluminiumlegierung allerdings ein. Insbesondere AlMgSi-Legierungen, deren Hauptlegierungsbestandteile Magnesium und Silizium sind, weisen relativ hohe Festigkeiten im Zustand T6 auf bei gleichzeitig gutem Umformverhalten im Zustand T4 sowie hervorragender Korrosionsbeständigkeit. AlMgSi-Legierungen sind die Legierungstypen AA6XXX, beispielsweise der Legierungstyp AA6016, AA6014, AA6181, AA6060 und AA6111. Üblicherweise werden Aluminiumbänder aus einer AlMgSi-Legierung durch Gießen eines Walzbarrens, Homogenisieren des Walzbarrens, Warmwalzen des Walzbarrens und Kaltwalzen des Warmbandes hergestellt. Die Homogenisierung des Walzbarrens erfolgt bei einer Temperatur von 380 bis 580 °C für mehr als eine Stunde. Durch ein abschließendes Lösungsglühen bei typischen Temperaturen von 500 °C bis 570 °C mit nachfolgendem Abschrecken und Kaltauslagern etwa bei Raumtemperatur für mindestens drei Tage können die Bänder im Zustand T4 ausgeliefert werden. Der Zustand T6 wird nach dem Abschrecken durch eine Warmauslagerung bei Temperaturen zwischen 100 °C und 220 °C eingestellt.Above all, in the automotive industry but also in other applications, such as aircraft or rail vehicle sheet metal from aluminum alloys are needed, which are not only characterized by particularly high strength values, but also have a very good forming behavior and allow high degrees of deformation. In automotive engineering typical applications are the body and chassis parts. In the case of visible, painted components, for example exterior body panels, it is necessary that the forming of the materials must be carried out in such a way that the surface after painting is not impaired by defects such as flow patterns or roping. This is particularly important, for example, for the use of aluminum alloy sheets for the production of engine hoods and other body parts of a motor vehicle. However, it restricts the choice of material with regard to the aluminum alloy. In particular AlMgSi alloys, whose main alloying constituents are magnesium and silicon have relatively high strengths in the state T6 with at the same time good forming behavior in the state T4 and excellent corrosion resistance. AlMgSi alloys are the alloy types AA6XXX, for example, the alloy types AA6016, AA6014, AA6181, AA6060 and AA6111. Conventionally, aluminum tapes of AlMgSi alloy are produced by casting a roll bar, homogenizing the roll bar, hot rolling the roll bar, and cold rolling the hot strip. The homogenisation of the rolling ingot takes place at a temperature of 380 to 580 ° C for more than one hour. By a final solution annealing at typical temperatures of 500 ° C to 570 ° C with subsequent quenching and cold aging at about room temperature for at least three days, the tapes can be delivered in condition T4. The state T6 is set after quenching by thermal aging at temperatures between 100 ° C and 220 ° C.
Problematisch ist, dass in warmgewalzten Aluminiumbändern aus AlMgSi-Legierungen grobe Mg2Si-Ausscheidungen vorliegen, welche im anschließenden Kaltwalzen durch hohe Umformgrade gebrochen und verkleinert werden. Warmbänder einer AlMgSi-Legierung werden in der Regel in Dicken von 3 mm bis 12 mm hergestellt und einem Kaltwalzen mit hohen Umformgraden zugeführt. Da der Temperaturbereich in dem sich die AlMgSi-Phasen bilden, beim konventionellen Warmwalzen sehr langsam durchlaufen wird, bilden sich diese Phasen sehr grob aus. Der Temperaturbereich zur Bildung der obengenannten Phasen ist legierungsabhängig. Er liegt aber zwischen 230°C und 550°C also im Bereich der Warmwalztemperaturen. Es konnte experimentell nachgewiesen werden, dass diese groben Phasen im Warmband die Dehnung des Endprodukts negativ beeinflussen. Das bedeutet, dass das Umformverhalten von Aluminiumbändern aus AlMgSi-Legierungen bisher nicht vollständig ausgeschöpft werden konnte.The problem is that coarse Mg 2 Si precipitates are present in hot-rolled aluminum strips of AlMgSi alloys, which are broken and reduced in the subsequent cold rolling by high degrees of deformation. Hot strips of AlMgSi alloy are usually produced in thicknesses of 3 mm to 12 mm and fed to a cold rolling with high degrees of deformation. Since the temperature range in which the AlMgSi phases form, is traversed very slowly during conventional hot rolling, these phases form very coarse. The temperature range for forming the above-mentioned phases is alloy-dependent. But it lies between 230 ° C and 550 ° C so in the range of hot rolling temperatures. It could be experimentally proven that these coarse phases in the hot strip negatively affect the elongation of the final product. This means that the forming behavior of aluminum strips made of AlMgSi alloys has not yet been fully exploited.
Aus der veröffentlichten europäischen Patentanmeldung
Ausgehend von diesem Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aluminiumbandes aus einer AlMgSi-Legierung zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit welchem AlMgSi-Aluminiumbänder mit sehr gutem Umformverhalten im Zustand T4 prozesssicher hergestellt werden können.From the published European
Based on this prior art, the present invention based on the object to provide an improved process for the production of an aluminum strip of an AlMgSi alloy available, with which AlMgSi aluminum strips can be produced with a very good forming behavior in the state T4 process reliable.
Gemäß einer ersten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die aufgezeigte Aufgabe für ein Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass das Warmband unmittelbar nach dem Auslauf aus dem letzten Warmwalzstich eine Temperatur von mehr als 130 ° C, vorzugsweise 135 °C bis maximal 250 °C, bevorzugt 135 °C bis maximal 230 °C aufweist und das Warmband mit dieser Temperatur aufgewickelt wird.According to a first teaching of the present invention, the stated object of a method is achieved in that the hot strip immediately after leaving the last Hot rolling pass a temperature of more than 130 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to a maximum of 250 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to a maximum of 230 ° C and the hot strip is wound at this temperature.
Im Gegensatz zu dem bekannten Verfahren mit besonders niedrigen Aufwickeltemperaturen zeigte sich
überraschenderweise, dass sich die mechanischen Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die das Umformverhalten bestimmende Gleichmaßdehnung Ag trotz der geänderten
Aufwickeltemperaturen nicht oder nur unwesentlich veränderte. Die erfindungsgemäß gefertigten AlMgSi-Legierungsbänder im Zustand T4 zeigten weiterhin eine Gleichmaßdehnung von mehr als 25 % im Zugversuch gemäß DIN EN. Darüber hinaus zeigten sie die sehr gute Aushärtbarkeit im Zustand T6, wie dieses aus der Voranmeldung der Anmelderin bekannt ist. Allerdings konnte das Herstellverfahren deutlich stabilisiert und eine höhere Produktionsgeschwindigkeit erreicht werden.In contrast to the known process with particularly low coiling temperatures showed
Surprisingly, that the mechanical properties in relation to the deformation behavior determining Equal Ag expansion Ag despite the changed
Winding temperatures did not change or only insignificantly changed. The AlMgSi alloy strips produced in accordance with the invention in the condition T4 furthermore showed an equal expansion of more than 25% in the tensile test according to DIN EN. In addition, they showed the very good hardenability in the state T6, as this is known from the applicant's prior application. However, the manufacturing process could be stabilized significantly and a higher production speed could be achieved.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens erfolgt dieser Abkühlvorgang innerhalb der letzten beiden Warmwalzstiche, d.h. die Abkühlung auf mehr als 130 °C, vorzugsweise 135 °C bis 250 °C, bevorzugt 135 °C bis 230 °C erfolgt innerhalb von Sekunden, maximal innerhalb von fünf Minuten. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass bei dieser Vorgehensweise die erhöhten Gleichmaßdehnungswerte bei üblichen Festigkeits- bzw. Dehngrenzwerten im Zustand T4 und die verbesserte Aushärtbarkeit im Zustand T6 besonders prozesssicher erreicht werden.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, this cooling takes place within the last two hot rolling passes, ie the cooling to more than 130 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 135 ° C to 230 ° C within seconds, maximum within of five minutes. It has been found that in this procedure, the increased Gleichmaßdehnungswerte at usual strength or Dehngrenzwerte in the state T4 and the improved hardenability in the state T6 are achieved particularly reliable process.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird ein prozesssicheres Abkühlen des Warmbandes dadurch erreicht, dass das Warmband unter Verwendung von mindestens einem Platinenkühler und der mit Emulsion beaufschlagten Warmwalzstiche selbst auf Aufwickeltemperatur abgeschreckt wird. Ein Platinenkühler besteht aus einer Anordnung von Kühl- bzw. Schmiermitteldüsen, welche eine Walzemulsion auf das Aluminiumband sprühen. Der Platinenkühler kann in einem Warmwalzwerk vorhanden sein, um gewalzte Warmbänder vor dem Warmwalzen auf Walztemperatur zu kühlen und um höhere Produktionsgeschwindigkeiten erreichen zu können..According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, a process-reliable cooling of the hot strip is achieved by quenching the hot strip itself to coiling temperature using at least one sinker cooler and the hot rolling passes applied with emulsion. A board cooler consists of an array of coolant or lubricant nozzles which spray a rolling emulsion onto the aluminum strip. The sinker may be present in a hot rolling mill to cool rolled hot strip to rolling temperature prior to hot rolling and to achieve higher production speeds.
Beträgt die Temperatur des Warmbandes vor Start des Abkühlprozesses, welcher vorzugsweise innerhalb der letzten beiden Walzstiche stattfindet, mindestens 400 °C, vorzugsweise 470 °C bis 490 °C, wird gemäß einer nächsten Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens erreicht, dass besonders kleine Mg2Si-Ausscheidungen im abgeschreckten Warmband vorhanden sind, da der größte Anteil der Legierungsbestandteile Magnesium und Silizium bei diesen Temperaturen in gelöstem Zustand in der Aluminiummatrix vorliegen. Dieser vorteilhafte Zustand des Warmbandes wird durch das Abschrecken quasi "eingefroren".If the temperature of the hot strip prior to the start of the cooling process, which takes place preferably within the last two rolling passes, at least 400 ° C, preferably 470 ° C to 490 ° C, is achieved according to a next embodiment of the method that particularly small Mg 2 Si precipitates are present in the quenched hot strip, since the largest proportion of the alloying constituents magnesium and silicon are present at these temperatures in the dissolved state in the aluminum matrix. This advantageous state of the hot strip is quasi "frozen" by quenching.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens beträgt die Temperatur des Warmbandes nach dem vorletzten Walzstich 290 °C bis 310 °C. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Temperaturen sowohl eine ausreichendes Einfrieren der Ausscheidungen ermöglicht und andererseits gleichzeitig der letzte Walzstich ohne Probleme durchgeführt werden kann.According to a further embodiment of the method, the temperature of the hot strip after the penultimate rolling pass is 290 ° C to 310 ° C. It has been found that these temperatures both allow a sufficient freezing of the precipitates and on the other hand at the same time the last pass can be carried out without problems.
Hat das gewalzte Warmband am Auslauf unmittelbar nach dem letzten Warmwalzstich eine Temperatur von 200°C bis 230 °C kann eine optimale Prozessgeschwindigkeit beim Warmwalzen erreicht werden, ohne die Eigenschaften des hergestellten Aluminiumbandes zu verschlechtern.If the rolled hot strip at the outlet immediately after the last hot roll pass a temperature of 200 ° C to 230 ° C, an optimum process speed can be achieved during hot rolling without deteriorating the properties of the produced aluminum strip.
Die Dicke des fertigen Warmbandes beträgt 3 mm bis 12 mm, vorzugsweise 5 mm bis 8 mm, so dass übliche Kaltwalzgerüste für das Kaltwalzen verwendet werden können.The thickness of the finished hot strip is 3 mm to 12 mm, preferably 5 mm to 8 mm, so that conventional cold rolling stands for cold rolling can be used.
Vorzugsweise ist die verwendete Aluminiumlegierung vom Legierungstyp AA6xxx, vorzugsweise AA6014, AA6016, AA6060, AA6111 oder AA6181. Allen Legierungstypen AA6xxx ist gemein, dass sie ein besonders gutes Umformverhalten gekennzeichnet durch hohe Dehnungswerte im Zustand T4 sowie hohe Festigkeiten bzw. Dehngrenzen im Einsatzzustand T6, beispielsweise nach einem Warmauslagern bei 205 °C / 30 Min. aufweisen.Preferably, the aluminum alloy used is of the alloy type AA6xxx, preferably AA6014, AA6016, AA6060, AA6111 or AA6181. All alloy types AA6xxx have in common that they have a particularly good forming behavior characterized by high elongation values in the state T4 and high strength or yield strength in use condition T6, for example, after a hot aging at 205 ° C / 30 min.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird das fertig gewalzte Aluminiumband einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen, wobei das Aluminiumband nach dem Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken auf mehr als 100 °C erwärmt wird und anschließend mit einer Temperatur von mehr als 55 °C, vorzugsweise mehr als 85 °C aufgewickelt und ausgelagert. Diese Ausführungsform des Verfahrens ermöglicht es nach der Kaltauslagerung durch eine kürzere Erwärmungsphase mit niedrigeren Temperaturen den Zustand T6 in dem Band oder Blech einzustellen, in welchem die zu Bauteilen umgeformten Bleche oder Bänder in der Anwendung eingesetzt werden. Diese schnell aushärtende Aluminiumbänder werden hierzu lediglich auf Temperaturen von etwa 185 °C für lediglich 20 Min. erwärmt, um die höheren Streckgrenzwerte im Zustand T6 zu erreichen.According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the finished rolled aluminum strip is subjected to a heat treatment, wherein the aluminum strip is heated after solution treatment and quenching to more than 100 ° C and then at a temperature of more than 55 ° C, preferably more than 85 ° C. wound up and outsourced. This embodiment of the method, after cold aging by a shorter heating phase at lower temperatures, allows to set the state T6 in the strip or sheet in which the sheet-formed or strip-formed components are used in the application. These fast-curing aluminum strips are for this purpose only to temperatures of about 185 ° C for only 20 min. heated to reach the higher yield limits in state T6.
Zwar liegen die Bruchdehnungswerte A80 der mit dieser Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellten Aluminiumbänder im zustand T4 leicht unterhalb von 29 %. Das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Aluminiumband zeichnet sich aber nach der Auslagerung im Zustand T4 weiterhin durch eine sehr gute Gleichmaßdehnung Ag von mehr als 25 % aus. Unter der Gleichmaßdehnung Ag versteht man die maximale Dehnung der Probe, bei welcher sich beim Zugversuch keine Einschnürung der Probe zeigt. Die Probe wird im Bereich der Gleichmaßdehnung also gleichmäßig gedehnt. Der Wert für die Gleichmaßdehnung lag bisher bei ähnlichen Werkstoffen bei maximal 22 % bis 23 %. Die Gleichmaßdehnung beeinflusst maßgeblich das Umformverhalten, da diese den in der Praxis verwendeten maximalen Umformgrad des Werkstoffs bestimmt. Insofern kann mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ein Aluminiumband mit sehr guten Umformeigenschaften zur Verfügung gestellt werden, welches auch über eine beschleunigte Warmauslagerung (185°C/ 20 Min.) in den Zustand T6 überführt werden kann.Although the elongation at break values A 80 of the aluminum strips produced in this embodiment of the method according to the invention in state T4 are slightly below 29%. However, the aluminum strip produced according to the invention is still characterized by a very good uniform elongation Ag of more than 25% after aging in state T4. Equilibrium Ag is understood as the maximum elongation of the sample at which no constriction of the sample occurs during the tensile test. The sample is thus stretched evenly in the region of the uniform expansion. The value for the uniform elongation used to be a maximum of 22% to 23% for similar materials. The uniform elongation significantly influences the forming behavior, since this determines the maximum degree of deformation of the material used in practice. In this respect, an aluminum strip with very good forming properties can be made available with the method according to the invention, which can also be transferred to the condition T6 via an accelerated thermal aging (185 ° C./20 min.).
Eine Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AA6016 weist folgende Legierungsbestandteile in Gewichtsprozent auf:
Bei Magnesiumgehalten von weniger als 0,25 Gew.-% ist die Festigkeit des Aluminiumbandes, welches für Strukturanwendungen vorgesehen ist zu gering, andererseits verschlechtert sich die Umformbarkeit bei Magnesiumgehalten oberhalb von 0,6 Gew.-%. Silizium ist im Zusammenspiel mit Magnesium im Wesentlichen für die Aushärtbarkeit der Aluminiumlegierung verantwortlich und somit auch für die hohen Festigkeiten, welche im Anwendungsfall beispielsweise nach einem Lackiereinbrennen erzielt werden können. Bei Si-Gehalten von weniger als 1,0 Gew.-% ist die Aushärtbarkeit des Aluminiumbandes verringert, so dass im Anwendungsfall nur verringerte Festigkeiten bereitgestellt werden können. Si-Gehalte von mehr als 1,5 Gew.-% führen zu keiner Verbesserung des Aushärteverhaltens der Legierung. Der Fe-Anteil sollte auf maximal 0,5 Gew-% begrenzt werden, um grobe Ausscheidungen zu verhindern. Eine Beschränkung des Kupfergehalts auf maximal 0,2 Gew.-% führt vor allem zu einer verbesserten Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Aluminiumlegierung in der spezifischen Anwendung. Der Mangangehalt von weniger als 0,2 Gew.-% verringert die Tendenz zur Bildung von gröberen Mangangausscheidungen. Chrom sorgt zwar für ein feines Gefüge, ist aber auf 0,1 Gew.-% zu beschränken, um ebenfalls grobe Ausscheidungen zu vermeiden. Das Vorhandensein von Mangan verbesserte dagegen die Schweißbarkeit durch Verringerung der Rissneigung beziehungsweise Abschreckempfindlichkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Aluminiumbandes. Eine Reduzierung des Zink-Gehaltes auf maximal 0,1 Gew.-% verbessert insbesondere die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Aluminiumlegierung bzw. des fertigen Blechs in der jeweiligen Anwendung. Dagegen sorgt Titan für eine Kornfeinung während des Gießens, sollte aber auf maximal 0,1 Gew.-% beschränkt werden, um eine gute Gießbarkeit der Aluminiumlegierung zu gewährleisten.At magnesium contents of less than 0.25% by weight, the strength of the aluminum strip intended for structural applications is too low, while on the other hand the workability at magnesium contents deteriorates above 0.6% by weight. Silicon, in interaction with magnesium, is essentially responsible for the hardenability of the aluminum alloy and thus also for the high strength, which can be achieved in the application example after a Lackiereinbrennen. With Si contents of less than 1.0% by weight, the hardenability of the aluminum strip is reduced, so that only reduced strengths can be provided in the application. Si contents of more than 1.5% by weight result in no improvement in the curing behavior of the alloy. The Fe content should be limited to a maximum of 0.5% by weight to prevent coarse precipitation. A limitation of the copper content to a maximum of 0.2 wt .-% leads above all to an improved corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy in the specific application. The manganese content of less than 0.2% by weight reduces the tendency to form coarser manganese precipitates. Although chromium ensures a fine microstructure, it should be limited to 0.1% by weight in order to avoid coarse precipitation. On the other hand, the presence of manganese improved the weldability by reducing the cracking tendency or the quenching sensitivity of the manganese aluminum strip according to the invention. A reduction of the zinc content to a maximum of 0.1% by weight improves in particular the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy or of the finished sheet in the respective application. In contrast, titanium provides grain refining during casting, but should be limited to a maximum of 0.1% by weight to ensure good castability of the aluminum alloy.
Eine Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AA6060 weist folgende Legierungsbestandteile in Gewichtsprozent auf:
Die Kombination aus genau vorgegebenem Magnesiumgehalt mit einem im Vergleich zur ersten Ausführungsform reduzierten Si-Gehalt und eng spezifiziertem Fe-Gehalt ergibt eine Aluminiumlegierung, bei welcher besonders gut die Bildung Mg2Si Ausscheidungen nach dem Warmwalzen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren verhindert werden kann, so dass ein Blech mit einer verbesserten Dehnung und hohen Dehngrenzen im Vergleich zu konventionell hergestellten Blechen bereitgestellt werden kann. Die geringeren Obergrenzen der Legierungsbestandteile Cu, Mn und Cr verstärken den Effekt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zusätzlich. Hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen der Obergrenze von Zn und Ti wird auf die Ausführungen zur ersten Ausführungsform der Aluminiumlegierung verwiesen.The combination of a precisely predetermined magnesium content with a reduced Si content and narrowly specified Fe content in comparison to the first embodiment results in an aluminum alloy in which the formation of Mg 2 Si precipitates after hot rolling can be prevented particularly well by the method according to the invention, so that a sheet with improved elongation and high yield strengths can be provided compared to conventionally produced sheets. The lesser Upper limits of the alloying constituents Cu, Mn and Cr additionally reinforce the effect of the process according to the invention. With regard to the effects of the upper limit of Zn and Ti, reference is made to the comments on the first embodiment of the aluminum alloy.
Eine Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AA6014 weist folgende Legierungsbestandteile in Gewichtsprozent auf:
Eine Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AA6181 weist folgende Legierungsbestandteile in Gewichtsprozent auf:
Eine Aluminiumlegierung vom Typ AA6111 weist folgende Legierungsbestandteile in Gewichtsprozent auf:
Alle aufgezeigten Aluminiumlegierungen sind spezifisch in ihren Legierungsbestandteilen auf unterschiedliche Anwendungen angepasst. Wie bereits ausgeführt, zeigen Bänder aus diese Aluminiumlegierungen, welche unter Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens hergestellt wurden, besonders hohe Gleichmaßdehnungswerte im Zustand T4 gepaart mit einer besonders ausgeprägten Steigerung der Dehngrenze beispielsweise nach einem Warmauslagern bei 205 °C / 30 Min.. Dies gilt auch für die nach dem Lösungsglühen einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogenen Aluminiumbändern im Zustand T4.All the aluminum alloys shown are specifically adapted to different applications in their alloy components. As already stated, tapes made of these aluminum alloys, which were produced using the method according to the invention, exhibit particularly high uniform strain values in state T4 coupled with a particularly pronounced increase in the yield strength, for example after heat aging at 205 ° C./30 min. This also applies to the aluminum strips subjected to a heat treatment after solution heat treatment in the condition T4.
Aufgrund der hervorragenden Kombination zwischen guter Umformbarkeit im Zustand T4, hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit sowie hohen Werten für die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 im Einsatzzustand (Zustand T6) wird die oben aufgeführte Aufgabe gemäß einer zweiten Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung durch die Verwendung eines nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten AlMgSi-Legierungsband für ein Bauteil, Fahrwerks- oder Strukturteil und -blech im Kraftfahrzeug-, Flugzeug- oder Schienenfahrzeugbau, insbesondere als Komponente, Fahrwerksteil, Außen- oder Innenblech im Kraftfahrzeugbau, vorzugsweise als Karosseriebauelement, gelöst. Vor allem sichtbare Karosserieteile, beispielsweise Motorhauben, Kotflügel etc. sowie Außenhautteile eines Schienenfahrzeugs oder Flugzeugs profitieren von den hohen Dehngrenzen Rp0,2 bei guten Oberflächeneigenschaften auch nach einem Umformen mit hohen Umformgraden.Due to the excellent combination of good formability in the state T4, high corrosion resistance and high yield strength Rp0.2 in the operating state (state T6), the above object according to a second teaching of the present invention by the use of an AlMgSi prepared by the process according to the invention Alloy strip for a component, chassis or structural part and sheet in automotive, aircraft or rail vehicle, in particular as a component, chassis part, outer or inner panel in the automotive industry, preferably as a body component solved. Above all, visible body parts, such as hoods, fenders, etc., as well as outer skin parts of a rail vehicle or aircraft benefit from the high yield strengths Rp0.2 with good surface properties even after forming with high degrees of deformation.
Ein schnell aushärtendes AlMgSi-Legierungsband mit hervorragenden Umformeigenschaften kann daher durch ein erfindungsgemäß hergestelltes Aluminiumlegierungsband, welches nach dessen Herstellung einem Lösungsglühen mit anschließender Wärmebehandlung unterzogen wird bereitgestellt werden. Im Zustand T4 weist es, wie bereits ausgeführt, eine Gleichmaßdehnung Ag von mehr als 25 % beispielsweise bei einer Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von 80 bis 140 MPa auf. Mit dieser Variante kann ein schnellaushärtbares und zugleich sehr gut umformbares AlMgSi-Legierungsband zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Die Warmauslagerung zur Erzielung des Zustandes T6 kann 185 °C für 20 Min. erfolgen, um die erforderlichenTherefore, a fast-setting AlMgSi alloy ribbon having excellent forming properties can be provided by an aluminum alloy ribbon produced according to the present invention, which is subjected to solution annealing followed by heat treatment after its production. In state T4, it has, as already stated, a uniform elongation Ag of more than 25%, for example, at a yield strength Rp0.2 of 80 to 140 MPa. With this variant, a fast-hardening AlMgSi alloy strip, which can also be easily formed at the same time, can be made available. The heat aging to reach the state T6 can be 185 ° C for 20 min., To the required
Dehngrenzsteigerungen zu erzielen.To achieve stretching limit increases.
Ein erfindungsgemäß hergestelltes Aluminiumlegierungsband weist gemäß einer nächsten Ausgestaltung eine Gleichmaßdehnung Ag von mehr als 25 % in Walzrichtung, quer zur Walzrichtung und diagonal zur Walzrichtung auf, so dass ein besonders isotropes Umformvermögen ermöglicht werden.According to a next embodiment, an aluminum alloy strip produced according to the invention has an equiaxial elongation Ag of more than 25% in the rolling direction, transverse to the rolling direction and diagonally to the rolling direction, so that a particularly isotropic forming capability is made possible.
Vorzugsweise weisen die erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Aluminiumbänder eine Dicke von 0,5 mm bis 12 mm auf. Aluminiumbänder mit Dicken von 0,5 mm bis 2 mm werden bevorzugt für Karosserieteile beispielsweise im Kraftfahrzeugbau verwendet, während Aluminiumbänder mit größeren Dicken von 2 bis 4,5 mm beispielsweise in Fahrwerksteilen im Kraftfahrzeugbau Anwendungen finden. Einzelne Komponenten können im Kaltband auch mit einer Dicke von bis 6 mm gefertigt werden. Daneben können in spezifischen Anwendungen auch Aluminiumbänder mit Dicken von bis zu 12 mm verwendet werden. Diese Aluminiumbänder mit sehr großer Dicke werden üblicherweise nur durch Warmwalzen bereitgestellt.The aluminum strips produced according to the invention preferably have a thickness of 0.5 mm to 12 mm. Aluminum strips with thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 2 mm are preferably used for body parts, for example in the automotive industry, while aluminum bands with larger thicknesses of 2 to 4.5 mm, for example, find in chassis parts in automotive applications. Individual components can also be manufactured in a cold-rolled strip with a thickness of up to 6 mm. In addition, in specific applications aluminum strips with thicknesses of up to 12 mm can be used. These very thick aluminum strips are usually provided only by hot rolling.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.
Die Zeichnung zeigt in der einzigen
Zunächst wird ein Walzbarren 1 aus einer Aluminiumlegierung mit den folgenden Legierungsbestandteilen in Gewichtsprozent gegossen:
Der so hergestellte Walzbarren wird bei einer Homogenisierungstemperatur von etwa 550 °C für 8 h in einem Ofen 2 homogenisiert, so dass die zulegierten Legierungsbestandteile besonders homogen verteilt im Walzbarren vorliegen,
In
Dadurch, dass das Warmband 4 unmittelbar am Auslauf des letzten Warmwalzstichs eine Temperatur von mehr als 135 °C bis 250 °C, bevorzugt 200 °C bis 230 °C aufweist bzw. optional in den letzten beiden Warmwalzstichen unter Verwendung des Platinenkühlers 5 und der Arbeitswalzen des Warmwalzgerüstes 3 auf die genannten Temperaturen gebracht wird, weist das Warmband 4 trotz der erhöhten Aufwickeltemperatur einen eingefrorenen Kristallgefügezustand auf, welcher zu sehr guten Gleichmaßdehnungseigenschaften Ag von mehr als 25 % im Zustand T4 führt. Es kann aufgrund der höheren Aufwickeltemperatur dennoch schneller und besser verarbeitet werden. Das Warmband mit einer Dicke von 3 bis 12 mm, vorzugsweise 5 bis 8 mm wird über die Aufwickelhaspel 6 aufgewickelt. Wie bereits ausgeführt, beträgt die Aufwickeltemperatur im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel bevorzugt 135 °C bis 250 °C.Characterized in that the hot strip 4 directly at the outlet of the last hot roll pass a temperature of more than 135 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably 200 ° C to 230 ° C or optionally in the last two hot rolling passes using the
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können sich in dem aufgewickelten Warmband 4 jetzt keine oder nur wenige grobe Mg2Si-Ausscheidungen bilden. Das Warmband 4 hat einen für die Weiterverarbeitung sehr günstigen Kristallzustand und kann von der Abwickelhaspel 7 abgewickelt beispielsweise einem Kaltwalzgerüst 9 zugeführt und wieder auf einer Aufwickelhaspel 8 aufgewickelt werden,
Das resultierende, kaltgewalzte Band 11 wird aufgewickelt. Anschließend wird es einem Lösungsglühen bei Temperaturen von 520 °C bis 570 °C und einem Abschrecken 10 zugeführt,
Bei größeren Aluminiumbanddicken, beispielsweise bei Fahrwerksanwendungen oder Komponenten wie beispielsweise Bremsankerplatten können auch alternativ Stückglühungen durchgeführt werden und die Bleche anschließend abgeschreckt werden.In the case of larger aluminum strip thicknesses, for example in chassis applications or components such as brake anchor plates, it is also possible alternatively to carry out piece annealing and then to quench the metal sheets.
Im Zustand T6 wird das Aluminiumband oder das Aluminiumblech durch eine Warmauslagerung bei 100 °C bis 220 °C gebracht, um maximale Werte für die Dehngrenze zu erzielen. Beispielsweise kann eine Warmauslagerung auch bei 205 °C / 30 Min. durchgeführt werden.In state T6, the aluminum strip or the aluminum sheet is brought by cold aging at 100 ° C to 220 ° C in order to achieve maximum values for the yield strength. For example, a thermal aging can also be performed at 205 ° C / 30 min.
Die gemäß dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel hergestellten Aluminiumbänder weisen nach dem Kaltwalzen beispielsweise eine Dicke von 0,5 bis 4,5 mm auf. Banddicken von 0,5 bis 2 mm werden üblicherweise für Karosserieanwendungen bzw. Banddicken von 2,0 mm bis 4,5 mm für Fahrwerksteile im Kraftfahrzeugsbau verwendet. In beiden Anwendungsbereichen sind die verbesserten Gleichmaßdehnungswerte bei der Herstellung der Bauteile von entscheidendem Vorteil, da zumeist starke Umformungen der Bleche durchgeführt werden und trotzdem hohe Festigkeiten im Einsatzzustand (T6) des Endprodukt benötigt werden.The aluminum strips produced according to the illustrated embodiment, for example, have a thickness of 0.5 to 4.5 mm after cold rolling. Tape thicknesses of 0.5 to 2 mm are commonly used for body applications or tape thicknesses of 2.0 mm to 4.5 mm for chassis parts in the automotive industry. In both applications, the improved uniform strain values in the manufacture of the components are of crucial advantage, since mostly strong deformations of the sheets are carried out and still high strengths in the operating condition (T6) of the end product are required.
In Tabelle 1 sind die Legierungszusammensetzungen von Aluminiumlegierungen angegeben, aus welchen konventionell oder erfindungsgemäß Aluminiumbänder hergestellt wurden. Neben den gezeigten Gehalten an Legierungsbestandteilen enthalten die Aluminiumbänder als Restanteil Aluminium und Verunreinigungen, einzeln maximal 0,05 Gew.-% und in Summe maximal 0,15 Gew.-%.
Die Bänder (Proben) 251 und 252 wurden mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellt, bei welchem das Warmband innerhalb der letzten beiden Warmwalzstiche von etwa 470°C bis 490 °C auf 135 °C bis 250 °C unter Verwendung eines Platinenkühlers sowie der Warmwalzen selbst abgekühlt und aufgewickelt wurde. In Tabelle 2 sind die Messwerte dieser Bänder mit "Inv." gekennzeichnet. Anschließend erfolgte ein Kaltwalzen auf eine Enddicke von 0,865 mm.The tapes (samples) 251 and 252 were made by a process according to the invention, in which the hot strip was heated to about 135 ° C to 250 ° C within the last two hot rolling passes from about 470 ° C to 490 ° C Board cooler and the hot rolling itself cooled and wound up. Table 2 shows the measured values of these bands as "Inv." characterized. This was followed by cold rolling to a final thickness of 0.865 mm.
Die Bänder (Proben) 491-1 und 491-11 wurden mit einem konventionellen Warmwalzen und Kaltwalzen hergestellt und mit einem "Konv." gekennzeichnet.The tapes (samples) 491-1 and 491-11 were made with conventional hot rolling and cold rolling and with a "conv." characterized.
Die in Tabelle 2 dargestellten Resultate der mechanischen Eigenschaften zeigen deutlich den Unterschied in den erzielbaren Gleichmaßdehnungswerten Ag.
Zur Erzielung des T4-Zustands wurden die Bänder einem Lösungsglühen mit nachfolgender Abschreckung und einer anschließender Kaltauslagerung für acht Tage bei Raumtemperatur unterworfen. Der T6-Zustand wurde durch eine an die Kaltauslagerung anschließende Warmauslagerung bei 205 °C für 30 Minuten erreicht.To obtain the T4 state, the strips were subjected to solution annealing with subsequent quenching and subsequent cold aging for eight days at room temperature. The T6 state was achieved by cold aging followed by aging at 205 ° C for 30 minutes.
Die mit L bezeichneten Proben wurden in Walzrichtung, die mit Q bezeichneten Proben quer zur Walzrichtung und die mit D bezeichneten Proben diagonal zur Walzrichtung ausgeschnitten. Die Proben 491-1 und 491-11 wurden jeweils quer zur Walzrichtung vermessen.The samples marked L were cut in the rolling direction, the samples marked Q were cut transversely to the rolling direction, and the samples denoted D were cut diagonally to the rolling direction. The samples 491-1 and 491-11 were each measured transversely to the rolling direction.
Es zeigte sich, dass das vorteilhafte Gefüge, welches über das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren in den Bänder 251 und 252 eingestellt wurde, bei identischer Dehngrenze Rp0,2 und Festigkeit Rm eine deutliche Steigerung der Gleichmaßdehnung Ag ermöglicht. Die Gleichmaßdehnung Ag erhöhte sich von 23,0 % auf maximal 26,6 % quer zur Walzrichtung bei den erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Bändern im Vergleich zu den konventionell hergestellten Bändern.It was found that the advantageous microstructure, which was set in the bands 251 and 252 by means of the method according to the invention, permits a significant increase in the uniform elongation Ag with identical yield strength Rp0.2 and strength Rm. The uniform elongation Ag increased from 23.0% to a maximum of 26.6% across the rolling direction in the According to the invention produced bands compared to the conventionally produced tapes.
Das mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingestellte Gefüge führt zu der besonders vorteilhaften Kombination aus hoher Gleichmaßdehnung Ag von mehr als 25 % bei sehr hohen Werten für die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 von 80 bis 140 MPa. Im Zustand T6 steigt die Dehngrenze Rp0,2 bis auf mindestens 185 MPa an, wobei die Gleichmaßdehnung Ag weiterhin bei mehr als 12 % verbleibt. Die Aushärtbarkeit mit einem ΔRp0,2 von 97 bzw. 107 MPa ist bei den erfindungsgemäß gefertigten Bändern weiterhin sehr gut.The microstructure set with the method according to the invention leads to the particularly advantageous combination of high uniform elongation Ag of more than 25% at very high values for the yield strength Rp0.2 of 80 to 140 MPa. In state T6, the yield strength Rp0.2 increases to at least 185 MPa, with the uniform elongation Ag still remaining at more than 12%. The curability with a ΔRp0.2 of 97 and 107 MPa is still very good in the tapes produced according to the invention.
Im Zustand T6 konnte die Steigerung der Gleichmaßdehnung Ag im Vergleich zu konventionell hergestellten Bändern nahezu konserviert werden.In state T6, the increase in the uniform elongation Ag was virtually preserved compared to conventionally produced strips.
Die Bruchdehnungswerte Ag und A80, die Dehngrenzwerte Rp0,2 und die Zugfestigkeitswerte Rm in den Tabellen wurden nach DIN EN gemessen.The elongation at break values Ag and A 80 , the elongation limits Rp0,2 and the tensile strength values Rm in the tables were measured according to DIN EN.
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Warmband unmittelbar nach dem Auslauf aus dem letzten Warmwalzstich eine Temperatur von mehr als 130 °C bis 250 °C, vorzugsweise bis 230 °C aufweist und das Warmband mit dieser Temperatur aufgewickelt wird.A method of making a strip of AlMgSi alloy, casting a billet of AlMgSi alloy, homogenizing the billet, hot rolling the billet to hot rolling temperature, then optionally cold rolling to final gauge and solution tempering and quenching the finish rolled strip becomes,
characterized in that the hot strip immediately after the discharge from the last hot roll pass a temperature of more than 130 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably up to 230 ° C and the hot strip is wound at this temperature.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Warmband unter Verwendung von mindestens einem Platinenkühler und der emulsionsbeaufschlagten Warmwalzstiche selbst auf die Auslauftemperatur abgeschreckt wird.Method according to claim 1,
characterized in that the hot strip is quenched itself to the outlet temperature using at least one sinker cooler and the emulsion-loaded hot rolling passes.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur des Warmbandes vor dem Start des Abkühlprozesses während des Warmwalzens mehr als 400 °C beträgt.Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that the temperature of the hot strip prior to the start of the cooling process during hot rolling is more than 400 ° C.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur des Warmbandes nach dem vorletzten Walzstich mehr als 250 °C beträgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the temperature of the hot strip after the penultimate Walzstich is more than 250 ° C.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Temperatur des Warmbandes nach dem letzten Walzstich vor dem Aufhaspeln 200 °C bis 230 °C beträgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the temperature of the hot strip after the last rolling pass before the coiling is 200 ° C to 230 ° C.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke des fertigen Warmbandes 3 mm bis 12 mm, vorzugsweise 5 mm bis 8 mm beträgt.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the thickness of the finished hot strip is 3 mm to 12 mm, preferably 5 mm to 8 mm.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aluminiumlegierung vom Legierungstyp AA6xxx, vorzugsweise AA6014, AA6016, AA6060, AA6111 oder AA6181 ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that the aluminum alloy is of the alloy type AA6xxx, preferably AA6014, AA6016, AA6060, AA6111 or AA6181.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das fertig gewalzte Aluminiumband einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen, bei welcher das Aluminiumband nach dem Lösungsglühen und Abschrecken auf mehr als 100 °C erwärmt wird und anschließend mit einer Temperatur von mehr als 55 °C, vorzugsweise mehr als 85 °C aufgewickelt und ausgelagert wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7,
characterized in that the finished rolled aluminum strip is subjected to a heat treatment in which the aluminum strip after solution annealing and quenching is heated to more than 100 ° C and then wound at a temperature of more than 55 ° C, preferably more than 85 ° C and paged becomes.
Priority Applications (11)
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ES11181519.7T ES2459307T3 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2011-09-15 | Production procedure for AlMgSi aluminum band |
EP11181519.7A EP2570509B1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2011-09-15 | Production method for AlMgSi-aluminium strip |
PT111815197T PT2570509E (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2011-09-15 | Production method for almgsi-aluminium strip |
RU2014114792/02A RU2576976C2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-09-13 | METHOD OF PRODUCING OF AlMgSi STRIP |
PCT/EP2012/068005 WO2013037919A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-09-13 | Method for producing almgsi aluminum strip |
JP2014530230A JP5699255B2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-09-13 | Method for producing AlMgSi aluminum strip |
CA2848457A CA2848457C (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-09-13 | Method for manufacturing almgsi aluminium strip |
CN201280044926.XA CN103842550B (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-09-13 | Method for producing almgsi aluminum strip |
KR1020157031267A KR101974624B1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-09-13 | Method for producing almgsi aluminum strip |
KR1020147009878A KR20140057666A (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2012-09-13 | Method for producing almgsi aluminum strip |
US14/205,645 US20150152535A2 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-03-12 | Method for manufacturing AlMgSi aluminium strip |
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EP (1) | EP2570509B1 (en) |
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EP3622096B1 (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2021-09-22 | Aleris Aluminum Duffel BVBA | Method of manufacturing an al-si-mg alloy rolled sheet product with excellent formability |
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KR101911037B1 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2018-10-23 | 하이드로 알루미늄 롤드 프로덕츠 게엠베하 | ALMG-strip capable of high strength and easy molding and its manufacturing method |
WO2017015186A1 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-26 | Novelis Inc. | Aa6xxx aluminum alloy sheet with high anodized quality and method for making same |
MX2018008367A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2018-12-10 | Arconic Inc | New 6xxx aluminum alloys, and methods of making the same. |
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KR101974624B1 (en) | 2019-05-02 |
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