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EP2565099B1 - Stellvorrichtung für eine Eisenbahnweiche - Google Patents

Stellvorrichtung für eine Eisenbahnweiche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2565099B1
EP2565099B1 EP11179434.3A EP11179434A EP2565099B1 EP 2565099 B1 EP2565099 B1 EP 2565099B1 EP 11179434 A EP11179434 A EP 11179434A EP 2565099 B1 EP2565099 B1 EP 2565099B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
actuation
point
switch
force
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11179434.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2565099A1 (de
EP2565099A3 (de
Inventor
Davide Guglielmo
Stefano Bittoni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
Original Assignee
Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Transport Technologies SAS filed Critical Alstom Transport Technologies SAS
Priority to EP11179434.3A priority Critical patent/EP2565099B1/de
Priority to EP15175255.7A priority patent/EP2960134B1/de
Priority to PL15175255T priority patent/PL2960134T3/pl
Priority to AU2012211515A priority patent/AU2012211515B2/en
Publication of EP2565099A1 publication Critical patent/EP2565099A1/de
Publication of EP2565099A3 publication Critical patent/EP2565099A3/de
Priority to AU2017200214A priority patent/AU2017200214B9/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2565099B1 publication Critical patent/EP2565099B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/04—Fluid-pressure devices for operating points or scotch-blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L5/00—Local operating mechanisms for points or track-mounted scotch-blocks; Visible or audible signals; Local operating mechanisms for visible or audible signals
    • B61L5/10—Locking mechanisms for points; Means for indicating the setting of points
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/22—Special sleepers for switches or crossings; Fastening means therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switch machine for railway and tramway switches or the like, which switch machine comprises at least one switch point shifting actuator for displacing said points, using actuation drive means, between two limit positions, one of which positions is called normal position and the other of said two positions is called reverse position, and in which positions each of the two points is thrown or open relative to the closest rail, in alternation with the other point, the shifting stroke of the points between said two positions having a predetermined length, matching a given actuation stroke of said actuator, and lock/unlock means for locking/unlocking said points in one of said limit positions, referred to as switch point lock means, which switch point lock means are driven into their unlocking state by said actuator, through an initial actuation overstroke, whose end coincides with the point unlocked state, and with the time at which said point shifting actuation stroke starts, whereas the end of the point shifting actuation stroke, in which one of the points is moved from an open position to a thrown position relative to the closest rail and the other point is moved from
  • switch machines typically have automatic lock means for locking the points in the thrown position, which means are automatically releasable when the machine is actuated to move the points from a starting thrown position to the opposing thrown position.
  • point locking means are driven into the locking and unlocking state by the actuator itself, e.g. by the translational motion of coupling means that couple the points to means for transferring/converting the motion of a motor.
  • the locking/unlocking control is given by initial and final overstrokes of the actuators, during which the points keep still and only the point locking/unlocking means are actuated to enable/disable them.
  • the latter consist of point locking means which lock the points against any displacement applied thereon, and are operated as soon as a point reaches its closed or open position, i.e. its thrown or open position relative to the corresponding rail.
  • point displacing motion to displace the point away from its thrown position against the rail and move the other point/s, previously not thrown, into said position is applied by the actuator and the actuation drive means, through an overstroke generally run by the point pulling rods, the lock means are switched to an idle position.
  • the lock/unlock means generally consist of hook-like means or latches which are moved into an active or inactive locking state according to the position of the point with which they are connected relative to the rail.
  • the displacement of the hook-like means or latches is controlled by cams that are displaced with the pulling rods and act upon said hook-like or latch means by displacing them, according to the position of the point and the stroke being run, from a position of engagement with a hook-receiving or retaining seat to a position of disengagement from said seat.
  • the switch point lock devices and the latches may have any construction whatever, for instance as disclosed in any one of EP 1 024 987 B2 , EP 1 219 521 B1 and EP 1 594 732 B1 or of other types.
  • Switches typically have intermediate actuators, which are actuated by actuators that exert greater forces on some of them and smaller forces on others; in this case, synchronization of actuators actuated with different levels of force is difficult, because the initial displacement step, that corresponds to the unlocking stroke of the switch point lock members, requires approximately the same force over all the intermediate actuators, and uneven displacement occurs along the switch.
  • the present invention has the object of obviating the above drawbacks of prior art switch machines by providing a device as described hereinbefore.
  • the invention fulfills the above objects with a device as described hereinbefore, which also comprises means for adjusting the force exerted by said actuator, for setting said force at different levels for at least two of said initial actuation overstroke, said point shifting actuation stroke and said final actuation overstroke.
  • variable-force actuators affords the important advantage that the different parts of the switch may be set with the force specially required for the different operating steps of each switch machine, thereby allowing perfect synchronization of point motion all along the switch.
  • said means for adjusting the actuation stroke operate to cause said actuator to exert a first predetermined actuation force during the initial actuation overstroke to unlock said point switch lock means, a second predetermined actuation force during said point shifting actuation stroke and a third predetermined actuation stroke during the final actuation overstroke to lock said point lock means.
  • said first predetermined actuation force, said second predetermined actuation force and said third predetermined actuation force are different.
  • the force exerted by the actuator may be calibrated in a different manner for each operating step of the switch, each force being specific to the step in which it is exerted and being different from the force exerted in the other steps.
  • two of said first predetermined actuation force, said second predetermined actuation force and said third predetermined actuation force are equal to each other and different from the other actuation force.
  • the force exerted when driving the switch point lock means into their unlocking state may be equal to the force exerted for shifting points, whereas the actuation of the switch point lock means during the final overstroke occurs with a different force.
  • the first predetermined actuation force, and the third predetermined actuation force may be equal to each other and different from the second actuation force:
  • the forces exerted to drive the switch point lock means into their unlocking and locking states during the initial and final actuation overstrokes are equal to each other and different from the actuation force exerted during the actuation point shifting stroke.
  • the second predetermined actuation force, and the third predetermined actuation force are equal to each other and different from the first actuation force.
  • said first predetermined actuation force is greater than said second predetermined actuation force and said third predetermined actuation force.
  • a different thrust, particularly a greater thrust is required to drive the switch point lock means into their unlocking state than the trust required to move the points from the initial to the final thrown positions and for later actuation of the switch point lock means into their unlocking state.
  • Initial synchronous unlocking of the switch point lock means causes each intermediate actuator to start moving the points when all the other intermediate actuators have already completed the switch point lock unlocking step. This arrangement prevents an intermediate actuator that locks the switch point lock means from being hindered by point displacement stresses from the other intermediate actuators, and prevents the switch from being locked at the start of the actuation.
  • said actuator is a hydraulic actuator connected to at least one delivery branch and at least one return branch of a closed hydraulic fluid circulation circuit.
  • Either a double-acting linear actuator or two independent oppositely operating linear actuators may be provided, which are connected to the delivery branches of a hydraulic circuit.
  • Fluid is fed to actuators by a motor-driven pump, which draws the fluid from a reservoir and circulates the fluid in a closed circuit having a delivery branch and a return branch.
  • electrically controlled valves are provided that can be switched to connect the delivery of the circulation pump, i.e. the delivery branch of the circuit to the inlet of one of the two actuators or to one the two inlets of a double-acting actuator, in a first state, and to the inlet of the other of two actuators or the other of the inlets of the double-acting actuator in a second state.
  • the actuator that is not fed with fluid or the inlet of the double-acting cylinder that is not connected with the delivery branch is connected to the suction of the circulation pump from the return branch of the circulation circuit.
  • a fluid reservoir is used for drawing said fluid and fill the closed circuit or for collecting the fluid discharged from one or more drains of said circuit.
  • said force adjustment means consist of the actuator itself, which comprises at least one pushing or pulling rod adapted to be connected to one or both of said points and to be displaced from a minimum-extension position to a maximum-extension position to run said initial actuation overstroke, said point shifting actuation stroke and said final actuation overstroke and is designed so that, given a pressure of the fluid, it exerts said first predetermined actuation force along the length of rod displacement that corresponds to said initial actuation overstroke, said second predetermined actuation force along the length of rod displacement that corresponds to the point shifting actuation stroke, and said third predetermined actuation force along the length of rod displacement that corresponds to said final actuation overstroke.
  • said actuator comprises an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, the outside diameter of said inner cylinder being substantially equal to the inside diameter of said outer cylinder, the height of said inner cylinder being smaller than the height of said outer cylinder and said inner cylinder being disposed coaxially inside said outer cylinder to be displaceable therein between two end positions defined by the inner extension of said outer cylinder, a piston being also provided in said inner cylinder and being connected to said rod and displaceable between two and positions defined by the inner extension of said inner cylinder, said rod being adapted to extend through an opening formed in at least one head surface of said inner cylinder and at least one head surface of said outer cylinder.
  • Said first predetermined force is exerted by the displacement of said inner cylinder within said outer cylinder from a first end position to a second end position, and said second predetermined force and said third predetermined actuation force, which are equal, are exerted by the displacement of said piston within said inner cylinder from a first end position to a second end position.
  • the invention also relates to a housing case for the operating units which is of the same size as a tie and adapted to be installed like a tie.
  • the switch machine is connected to the rails and the switch points, and is advantageously positioned like a tie.
  • the outer surface of the switch machine has a covering on at least part of it, which covering consists of materials having railway ballast interface surface characteristics similar to concrete.
  • the present invention relates to a method of operating a switch machine for railway and tramway switches or the like, which switch machine comprises at least one switch point shifting actuator, which actuator displaces said points, using actuation drive means, between two limit positions, one of which positions is called normal position and the other of said two positions is called reverse position, and in which positions each of the two points is thrown or open relative to the closest rail, in alternation with the other point, the shifting stroke of the points between said two positions having a predetermined length, matching a given actuation stroke of said actuator, and lock/unlock means for locking/unlocking said points in one of said limit positions, referred to as switch point lock means, which switch point lock means are driven into their unlocking state by said actuator, through an initial actuation overstroke, whose end coincides with the point unlocked state, and with the time at which said point shifting actuation stroke starts, whereas the end of the point shifting actuation stroke, in which one of the points is moved from an open position to a thrown position relative to the closest rail and the
  • said first predetermined force is greater than said second predetermined force and said third predetermined force.
  • said second predetermined force and said third predetermined force are equal.
  • the invention further relates to a switch machine for railway and tramway switches or the like, having a housing case for its operating units of the same size as a tie and adapted to be installed like a tie.
  • Switch machines of this type are known and widely used and generally comprise a metal case, e.g. formed by iron casting or structural steelwork, with sheet bending, welding, etc.
  • Prior art switch machines of this type usually have a protective coating, consisting of plain paint.
  • Such switch machines have the drawback of having railway ballast interface surface characteristics that cause ballast to tend to move due to the vibrations induced by running trains.
  • the ballast may be significantly displaced and create gaps below and around the switch machine, thereby affecting rail stability and support, and requiring earthing up of the ballast.
  • the present invention has the purpose of obviating the above drawbacks of prior art switch machines with a switch machine as described above, whose outer surface further has a covering on at least part of the case, which covering consists of a material having railway ballast interface surface characteristics similar to concrete.
  • said surface characteristics are roughness, friction coefficient and hardness.
  • said material has a hardness ranging from 60 to 100 Shore, preferably from 70 to 85 Shore, particularly of 75 Shore.
  • said material is an epoxy resin.
  • said epoxy resin is filled with ceramic beads.
  • said material has a thickness ranging from 2 to 10 mm, preferably from 4 to 8 mm, preferably of 6 mm.
  • the covering with the above mentioned properties imparts concrete-like ballast interface characteristics and overcomes the above mentioned ballast displacement problems.
  • the covering ensures an excellent protection of the switch machine, so that the expected life of the switch machine may be increased to 30 years.
  • the covering may be applied to the outer surface of the case in any manner whatever.
  • said material is applied to said outer covering surface by manual and/or automatic spreading.
  • said material is applied to said outer surface of the case by embedment, i.e. by placing said case in a negative mold that has an inner mold surface mating with said outer surface of the case, said negative mold being previously filled with said material in a fluid phase.
  • Such second application method is particularly advantageous in many applications, in which the construction of molds is economically supported by great numbers of uses thereof.
  • the present invention also relates to a hollow tie for railway tracks or the like, consisting of an case of substantially the same size as a tie, which hollow tie has a covering on at least part of the outer surface of said enclosure, which covering consists of a material having railway ballast interface surface characteristics similar to concrete.
  • ballast interface characteristics of the switch machine apply not only to switch machines but to all wayside units or railway ties or the like.
  • FIGS 1 to 4 show the switch machine 1, which comprises a switch point shifting actuator, particularly a hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • the actuator 2 displaces the points, using actuation drive means, between two limit positions, one of which positions is called normal position and the other of said two positions is called reverse position, and in which positions each of the two points is thrown or open relative to the closest rail, in alternation with the other point.
  • the shifting stroke of the points between said two positions having a predetermined length matches a given actuation stroke of the actuator 2.
  • Lock/unlock means are further provided for locking/unlocking said points in one of said limit positions, referred to as switch point lock means, which switch point lock means are driven into their unlocking state by said actuator 2, through an initial actuation overstroke, whose end coincides with the point unlocked state, and with the time at which said point shifting actuation stroke starts, whereas the end of the point shifting actuation stroke, in which one of the points is moved from an open position to a thrown position relative to the closest rail and the other point is moved from a thrown position to an open position relative to the closest rail, coincides with the time at which a final actuation overstroke, through which said actuator 2 drives said point locking means into their locking state.
  • the switch machine 1 and at least the actuator 2 and said actuation drive means and at least said switch point lock means have a modular construction.
  • Said switch point lock means consist of two point pulling and locking modules 30 and 31, which are located at the opposite ends of said hydraulic cylinder 2.
  • Each point pulling and locking module has its own case or frame, which case or frame has means for fastening it in predetermined positions, cooperating with coincident fastener means, in predetermined positions on the tie-like box module 100 in which the switch machine 1 is housed.
  • the tie-like box module 100 consists of a C or ⁇ -shaped section, open at its top as a channel and closed by one or more covers.
  • the tie-like box module 100 has lateral longitudinal fins 101 having holes in predetermined positions for receiving cover elements and/or lateral flanges for fastening operating modules such as the point pulling and locking modules 30 and 31.
  • the point pulling and locking modules 30 and 31 also have holes at predetermined positions coinciding with the holes of the tie-like box module 100 and are mounted in a predetermined position with reference to the tie-like box module using fastener means.
  • end heads 130 that may also be removably fastened or possibly welded.
  • a portion of the cover of the tie-like box module 100 is formed by the upper cover of the modules, whereas the portions of the tie-like box module 100 that are open at their top as they are not filled by operating units are closed by a plurality of cover elements having the same size as said open or exposed parts.
  • cover elements are referenced 260, 261 and 262.
  • One end of the switch machine 1 is designed for connection with fluid supply lines and/or power lines for any electronic diagnostic system or the like.
  • Each of the point pulling and locking modules 30 and 31 has a pulling rod 144 which is dynamically connected to pulling sliders 145 that project out of an upper fastening plate 146.
  • the fastening plate 146 has lateral holes for fixation to the lateral longitudinal fins 101 of the tie-like box module 100 and also forms the closing cover of said tie-like box module 100 when the pulling and locking module is mounted to the tie-like box module itself.
  • the pulling sliders 145 have a positive geometry mating with the negative seat in the brackets for connection to the points.
  • the pulling rod 144 has a removable terminal for connection to the actuator 2 or to further actuation drive means.
  • Means are further provided for adjusting the actuation stroke exerted by the actuator 2, which operate to cause the actuator 2 to exert a first predetermined actuation force during the initial actuation overstroke to unlock said point switch lock means, a second predetermined actuation force during said point shifting actuation stroke and a third predetermined actuation stroke during the final actuation overstroke to lock the point lock means.
  • the actuator 2 may consist of any kind of motor, such as an electric motor and a kinematic drive chain, which kinematic drive chain may be of any type and consist, for instance, of a screw-and-nut or recirculating-ball assembly.
  • the actuation force exerted by the actuator 2 may be controlled by setting the force to be generated by the motor.
  • said kinematic drive chain may change the drive ratio according to the stroke that has been run: a first drive ratio is used for the initial actuation overstroke, a second drive ratio is used for the point shifting actuation stroke, and a third drive ratio is used for the final actuation overstroke.
  • the actuator 2 is a hydraulic actuator, particularly a hydraulic cylinder 2, which is connected to at least one delivery branch and at least one return branch of a closed hydraulic fluid circulation circuit.
  • the means for adjusting the actuation force exerted by the actuator 2 consist of means for setting the fluid delivery to the actuator 2, particularly comprising at least one adjustable flow pump.
  • the pump may be a positive-displacement pump controlled at a variable speed and having a predetermined fixed displacement.
  • positive-displacement pump is intended to designate a pump having a suction/compression chamber of predetermined volume, which changes fluid delivery according to the speed of actuation of a suction/compression member.
  • a particular positive-displacement pump is the piston or gear pump.
  • the volume of pressure fluid that can be delivered per unit of time is determined by the displacement and number of suction/compression strokes of the piston.
  • other types of pumps may be considered as positive-displacement pumps according to the definition as used herein, such as rotor pumps and/or pumps having suction/compression members based on the Wankel engine principle, in which the suction/compression chamber has a fixed and predetermined volume.
  • two or three or more pumps with different displacements may be provided, one or more of which are designed to be alternately and specially driven for actuating a particular operating step of the switch machine 1.
  • the use of multiple positive-displacement pumps is generally disclosed in EP 2192020 .
  • said force adjustment means consist of the actuator 2 itself.
  • the actuator 2 consists of a hydraulic cylinder 2 which comprises at least one pushing or pulling rod 20 adapted to be connected to one or both of said points and to be displaced from a minimum-extension position to a maximum-extension position.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 is a double acting cylinder, having two supply inlets, each of said supply inlets being adapted to be alternately connected to the delivery of the fluid circuit.
  • the rod 20 extends beyond both end walls of the hydraulic cylinder 2 and can be displaced from a position in which one part is in the minimum-extension state and the opposite part is in the maximum-extension state to a position in which the first part is in the maximum-extension state and the opposite part is in the minimum-extension state.
  • the ends of the rod 20 are removably connected to the pulling rods 144 of the point pulling and locking modules 30 and 31.
  • the displacement of the rod 20 drives the initial actuation overstroke, the point shifting actuation stroke and the final actuation overstroke, as shown in Figures 10a to 10d .
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 is so designed that, given a pressure of the fluid, it exerts said first predetermined actuation force along the length of displacement of the rod 20 that corresponds to the initial actuation overstroke, said second predetermined actuation force along the length of displacement of the rod 20 that corresponds to the point shifting actuation stroke, and said third predetermined actuation force along the length of displacement of the rod 20 that corresponds to the final actuation overstroke.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 comprises an outer cylinder 21 and an inner cylinder 22, the outside diameter of the inner cylinder 22 being substantially equal to the inside diameter of the outer cylinder 21, the height of the inner cylinder 22 being smaller than the height of the outer cylinder 21 and the inner cylinder 22 being disposed coaxially inside the outer cylinder 21.
  • the inner cylinder 22 is displaceable in a fluid-tight manner in the outer cylinder 21 between two end positions defined by the inner extension of the outer cylinder 21.
  • a piston 23 is further provided in the inner cylinder, which is connected to the rod 20 and is displaceable between two end positions defined by the inner extension of the inner cylinder 22.
  • the rod 20 is adapted to extend through openings formed in the head surfaces of the inner cylinder 22 and the head surfaces of the outer cylinder 21.
  • the piston 23 has a fluid-tight connection with the inner cylinder 22 which in turn has a fluid-tight connection with the outer cylinder 21.
  • the piston 23 is coupled to the rod 20 in a central position thereof, to define two opposite parts of the rod 20, which extend through the heads 322 and 323 of the inner cylinder 22 and are guided in a fluid-tight manner in the heads 320 and 321 of the outer cylinder 21.
  • the passage from the inner cylinder to the delivery or return of the actuator 2 may occur in various manners.
  • such passage particularly occurs through radial fluid supply/discharge openings or passages 37, 38, at the two heads 320 and 321 of the outer cylinder respectively.
  • the cylinder has two fluid supply/discharge openings 37 formed in the first head 320, and two fluid supply/discharge openings 38 formed in the second head 321, to be used if multiple actuators are connected in parallel, so that, for instance, during fluid supply, the fluid coming from an upstream actuator in the supply line enters a first opening and exits a second opening to supply a downstream actuator in the supply line.
  • the pressure fluid is delivered to all the actuators.
  • the same principle applies to the fluid outlet of the cylinder.
  • a single fluid supply/discharge opening 37 and single fluid supply/discharge opening 38 may be also alternatively provided, with the provision of T-fittings to create parallel supply branches for each actuator 2.
  • the fluid supply/discharge openings 37 communicate with a radial opening 132 in the head 320, which is designed to communicate with the interior of the outer cylinder 22 through an annular slot 33 between the through rod 20 and the head 320.
  • An annular slot 34 is also provided between the head 322 and the rod 34, to put the chamber of the outer cylinder 21 in communication with the chamber of the inner cylinder 22.
  • the cylinder has the same structural parts in the opposite part, at the head 321.
  • the head 322 abuts against the corresponding head 320 and the piston 23 is at the head 322.
  • the supply fluid flows through the radial opening 132 and through the annular slot 33 thereby causing a pressure increase.
  • the fluid exerts a force on the head surface 322 of the inner cylinder 22 facing toward the chamber of the outer cylinder 21, which force is greater than the force exerted on the piston 23 through the annular slot 34, as the head surface 322 of the inner cylinder 22 facing toward the chamber of the outer cylinder 21 is much larger than the surface of the piston 23 available to the fluid through the annular slot 34.
  • the fluid starts to fill the chamber of the outer cylinder 21, thereby pushing the inner cylinder 22 and hence the piston 23 toward the opposite head 321.
  • the inner cylinder 22 and the piston 23 are held in joined relation as they move by the limit stop abutment for the piston 23 on the head 322.
  • the pressure fluid starts to move the piston 23 in the inner cylinder 22 toward the head 323, thereby progressively filling the chamber of the inner cylinder 22 by flowing through the annular slot 34.
  • the fluid contained in the cylinder when such movement starts is simultaneously ejected from the return camber through the radial opening 132 that is also provided in the head 321.
  • the synchronous overstroke of the inner cylinder 22 and the piston 23 corresponds to the steps of Figures 9a, 9b and 9c , which show the passage from a first position in which the piston 23 is at the head 322 and the inner cylinder 22 is at the head 320 to a second position in which the piston 23 is still at the head 322 but the inner cylinder 22 abuts against its limit stop on the head 321 of the outer cylinder 21, thereby completing its movement.
  • the rod 20 has had, in this construction example, a total displacement of 50 mm.
  • the displacement of the piston 23 to the position as shown in Figure 9d corresponds to a switch point displacement of 115 mm, i.e. a total displacement of the rod stem 20 of 165 mm.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 is mounted in the switch machine 1 in joined relation with the tie-like box module 100 by means of two coupling elements 24 attached at the ends of the hydraulic cylinder 2 and adapted to be fixed to the bottom of the switch machine 1.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 also comprises a plurality of bars, preferably four, which couple together the two coupling elements 24 and prevent any relative translational and rotational movement of the two coupling elements 24, thereby ensuring firm fixation of the hydraulic cylinder to the switch machine 1 also during the operating steps thereof.
  • two or three or more hydraulic cylinders are provided, one or more of which are designed to be alternately and specially driven for actuating a particular operating step of the switch machine 1.
  • FIGS 10a to 10d are detail views of the switch point lock means, which comprise a pair of hammers 28 and 29 supported to swing in the horizontal plane to and from the side wall 316 of the case of the tie-like box module 100 and a slider 27 driven by the pulling rod 144.
  • the hammers 28 and 29 have two opposed latching lugs 128 and 228, 129 and 229, projecting out of the two opposed sides, i.e. facing toward the side wall 316 of the point pulling and locking modules 30 and 31 and the slider 27.
  • One of the two opposed lugs 128, 129 cooperates with an associated latching recess 516, 616, formed in the corresponding vertical wall 316 of the point pulling and locking modules 30 and 31, for primary and secondary switch point locking actions.
  • the other of the two opposed lugs 228, 229 of the two hammers 28 and 29 cooperates with an associated abutment surface 227, 327 on the slider 27 to cause the slider 27 to pull or push the hammers 29 and 29 for coupling.
  • the slider 27 has a roller 39 on the side facing toward the hammers 29, 29, which adheres against a cam surface formed on an extension of said hammers 28, 29 and controls displacement thereof.
  • the hammers 28, 29 have a T shape, in which the two halves of the transverse stem form the opposed lugs 128, 129 and 228, 229, whereas the base stem 328, 329 is shaped like a cam on the side facing toward the slider 27 and cooperates with the roller 39 carried thereby.
  • the T-shaped hammers 28, 29 are pivoted about a vertical axis at the end of the base stem 328, 329, which extends to a certain extent beyond the fulcrum in such a manner that the roller 39 cooperating with the cam track on said end portion of the base stem 329 beyond the fulcrum, may cause the hammers to swing toward the slider 27 and to a condition of disengagement thereof from the latching recesses 516, 616 in the side wall 316 of the tie-like box module 100.
  • the shape of the cam track on the base stems 328 and 329 of the hammers 28 and 29, formed by the side surfaces of said base stems facing toward the slider 27, the overall length of the two opposed lugs 128, 228 and 129, 229 and the inclination of the end sides are selected in such a manner that, when the hammers 28, 29 are in either engagement position, with the wall 316 or the slider 27, the other end surface of the opposed lug extends in a position of non-interference with the slider 27 or the wall 316.
  • the base stems have a widening shape toward the fulcrum end, with two divergent opposed edge portions, whereas the edge facing toward the slider 27 and the control roller 39 is inwardly inclined substantially level with the diameter that cuts the pivot or fulcrum hole along a bisector of the angle formed by the divergent stem edge portion.
  • the slider 27 may move to a certain extent in the direction of arrow D until the lug 229 of the hammer 29 cooperates with the abutment surface 327 of the slider 27. In this condition the slider 27 starts to exert a pulling force on the point operating rod on which the hammers 28 and 29 are pivotally fixed.
  • the roller 39 rolls along the cam-like edge of the base stem 328 of the hammer 28 and the cam-like edge of the base stem 329 of the hammer 29, and reaches an intermediate position therebetween, i.e. a position in which it adheres to the end portions of both base stems of the hammers 28, 29, thereby causing them to simultaneously swing to disengagement of the two hammers 28 and 29 from the recesses 516, 616 in the wall 316.
  • the switch point locking and pulling module associated with the opposite point performs a reverse movement, according to the same principles.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 exerts said first predetermined actuation force.
  • the slider 27 associated with the point runs its point shifting actuation stroke towards the thrown/open position of the point relative to the rail, from the position of Figure 10b to the position of Figure 10c .
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 exerts said second predetermined actuation force.
  • the further final actuation overstroke will carry the hammer 29 from the abutment position against the abutment surface 227 of the slider 27, associated with the switch point 2, to the position of engagement of the lug 129 of the hammer 29 in the engagement recess 616.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 2 exerts said third predetermined actuation force.
  • Two of said first predetermined actuation force, said second predetermined actuation force and said third predetermined actuation force are equal to each other and different from the other actuation force.
  • the first predetermined actuation force is greater than the second predetermined actuation force and the third predetermined actuation force.
  • first predetermined force is exerted by the displacement of the inner cylinder 22 within the outer cylinder from a first end position to a second end position, i.e. from the position of Figure 10a to the position of Figure 10b
  • second predetermined force and the third predetermined actuation force which are equal, are exerted by the displacement of the piston 23 within said inner cylinder from a first end position to a second end position, as shown in Figures 10b, 10c and 10d .
  • the switch machine as shown in Figures 1 to 4 comprises a housing case for the operating units, which is preferably made of metal, particularly a tie-like box module 100, has the same size as a tie, and is adapted to be installed like a tie, and has a covering on at least part of the case, which covering consists of a material having railway ballast interface surface characteristics similar to concrete.
  • the material is an epoxy resin filled with ceramic beads and has a hardness ranging from 60 to 100 Shore, preferably from 70 to 85 Shore, particularly of 75 Shore.
  • the material has a thickness ranging from 2 to 10 mm, preferably from 4 to 8 mm, preferably of 6 mm.
  • Such material is applied to said outer surface of the case by manual and/or automatic spreading.
  • This material has superior abrasion resistance properties and is not subject to shrinkage with time.
  • the material may be applied to the outer surface of the case by embedment, i.e. by placing said case in a negative mold that has an inner mold surface mating with said outer surface of the case, said negative mold being previously filled with said material in a fluid phase.
  • switch machine 1 also applies to general ties: not only to switch machines, but also to hollow ties, preferably made of metal, for any wayside unit or part of the railway line or the like.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Railway Tracks (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Stellvorrichtung (1) für Eisenbahn- und Straßenbahnweichen oder dergleichen, welche Stellvorrichtung (1) umfasst:
    mindestens einen Weichenzungen-Umstellaktuator (2), welcher Aktuator (2) im Betrieb die Weichenzungen unter Verwendung von Betätigungsantriebsmitteln zwischen zwei Endpositionen verschiebt, wobei eine dieser Positionen als Normalposition und die andere dieser beiden Positionen als Umkehrposition bezeichnet werden, und wobei in welche Positionen jeweils eine der beiden Weichenzungen in Abwechslung mit der anderen Weichenzunge zu der nächstliegenden Schiene angestellt oder von dieser entfernt wird, und der Umstellhub der Weichenzungen zwischen diesen beiden Positionen eine vorbestimmte Länge aufweist, die einem vorgegebenen Betätigungshub des Aktuators (2) entspricht,
    und Ver-/Entriegelungsmittel (30, 31) zum Verriegeln/Entriegeln der genannten Weichenzungen in einer der genannten Endpositionen, sog. Weichenverschlussmittel, welche Weichenverschlussmittel durch den Aktuator (2) in ihren Entriegelungszustand getrieben werden durch einen anfänglichen Betätigungsüberhub, dessen Ende dem Weichen-Entriegelungszustand und dem Zeitpunkt entspricht, zu dem der Weichenumstell-Betätigungshub beginnt, während das Ende des Weichenumstell-Betätigungshubs, in dem eine der Zungen von einer geöffneten Position in eine angestellte Position relativ zu der nächstliegenden Schiene und die andere Zunge aus einer angestellten Position in eine geöffnete Position relativ zu der nächstliegenden Schiene bewegbar ist, im Betrieb mit dem Zeitpunkt zusammenfällt, zu dem ein Endbetätigungs-Überhub erfolgt, durch den der Aktuator (2) die Weichenverschlussmittel in ihren Verriegelungszustand antreiben kann,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    Mittel zum Einstellen der von dem Aktuator (2) ausgeübten Betätigungskraft vorgesehen sind, zum Einstellen der Betätigungskraft auf unterschiedliche Niveaus für wenigstens zwei von dem anfänglichen Betätigungsüberhub, der Weichenumstell-Betätigungshub und der Endbetätigungs-Überhub.
  2. Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Aktuator (2) ein hydraulischer Aktuator ist, der mit mindestens einem Förderzweig und mindestens einem Rücklaufzweig eines geschlossenen Fluidkreislaufs verbunden ist.
  3. Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei der Aktuator (2) einen Außenzylinder (21) und einen Innenzylinder (22) umfasst, der Außendurchmesser des Innenzylinders (22) im Wesentlichen gleich dem Innendurchmesser des Außenzylinders (21) ist, die Höhe des Innenzylinders (22) kleiner als die Höhe des Außenzylinders ist (21) und wobei der Innenzylinder (22) koaxial innerhalb des Außenzylinders (21) zwischen zwei durch die Innenerstreckung des Außenzylinders (21) definierten Endlagen verschiebbar angeordnet ist, ferner in dem Innenzylinder (22) ein Kolben (23) vorgesehen ist, der mit der Stange (20) verbunden und zwischen zwei durch die Innenerstreckung des Innenzylinders (22) definierten Positionen verschiebbar ist, und die Stange (20) dazu eingerichtet ist, sich durch eine in mindestens einer Stirnfläche des Innenzylinders (22) und mindestens einer Stirnfläche des Außenzylinders (21) ausgebildete Öffnung zu erstrecken; wobei im Betrieb bei der Verschiebung des Innenzylinders (22) innerhalb des Außenzylinders (21) von einer ersten Endposition in eine zweite Endposition der Aktuator eine Betätigungskraft mit einem bestimmten ersten Intensitätsniveau ausüben kann, und wobei im Betrieb bei der Verschiebung des Kolbens (23) innerhalb des Innenzylinders (22) von einer ersten Endposition in eine zweite Endposition, der Aktuator eine Betätigungskraft mit einem bestimmten, als des erste Intensitätsniveau niedrigeren zweiten Intensitätsniveau ausüben kann.
  4. Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Mittel zur Einstellung des Intensitätsniveaus der vom Aktuator aufzubringenden Betätigungskraft (2) Mittel zur Einstellung der Fluidabgabe an den Aktuator (2) sind.
  5. Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Einstellung der Fluidabgabe an den Aktuator von einer Pumpe gebildet sind, wobei die Pumpe eine Verdrängerpumpe, welche mit variabler Geschwindigkeit zu steuern ist und eine feste vorgegebene Verdrängung aufweist.
  6. Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Mittel zum Einstellen des Intensitätsniveaus der vom Aktuator (2) aufzubringenden Betätigungskraft zwei, drei oder mehr Pumpen mit unterschiedlichen Verdrängungen sind, von denen eine oder mehrere abwechselnd und insbesondere zur Betätigung eines bestimmten der genannten Arbeitsschritte der Stellvorrichtung (1) antreibbar sind.
  7. Stellvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Aktuator (2) aus einem Elektromotor und einer kinematischen Antriebskette besteht und die vom Aktuator (2) aufzubringende Betätigungskraft im Betrieb gesteuert wird, durch Einstellen der von dem Motor zu erzeugenden Kraft oder durch Verändern des Antriebsverhältnisses der kinematischen Antriebskette gemäß dem erfolgten Hub.
  8. Stellvorrichtung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einem Aufnahmegehäuse (100) für die Funktionseinheiten, das gleich groß wie eine Schwelle und dazu eingerichtet ist, wie eine Schwelle eingebaut zu werden.
  9. Stellvorrichtung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Außenfläche der Stellvorrichtung (1) einen Überzug auf zumindest einem Teil davon aufweist, welcher Überzug aus einem Material mit Eisenbahnschotter-Schnittstelleneigenschaften besteht, die dem Beton ähnlich sind.
  10. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Stellvorrichtung (1) für Eisenbahn- und Straßenbahnweichen oder dergleichen, welche Stellvorrichtung (1) umfasst:
    mindestens einen Weichenzungen-Umstellaktuator (2), welcher Aktuator (2) die Weichenzungen unter Verwendung von Betätigungsantriebsmitteln zwischen zwei Endpositionen verschiebt, wobei eine dieser Positionen als Normalposition und die andere dieser beiden Positionen als Umkehrposition bezeichnet werden, und wobei in welche Positionen jeweils eine der beiden Weichenzungen in Abwechselung mit der anderen Weichenzunge zu der nächstliegenden Schiene angestellt oder von dieser entfernt wird, und der Umstellhub der Weichenzungen zwischen diesen beiden Positionen eine vorbestimmte Länge aufweist, die einem vorgegebenen Betätigungshub des Aktuators (2) entspricht,
    und Ver-/Entriegelungsmittel zum Verriegeln/Entriegeln der genannten Weichenzungen in einer der genannten Endpositionen, sog. Weichenverschlussmittel, welche Weichenverschlussmittel durch den Aktuator (2) in ihren Entriegelungszustand getrieben werden, durch einen anfänglichen Betätigungsüberhub, dessen Ende dem Weichen-Entriegelungszustand und dem Zeitpunkt entspricht, zu dem der Weichenumstell-Betätigungshub beginnt, während das Ende des Weichenumstell-Betätigungshubs, in dem eine der Zungen von einer geöffneten Position in eine angestellte Position relativ zu der nächstliegenden Schiene und die andere Zunge aus einer angestellten Position in eine geöffnete Position relativ zu der nächstliegenden Schiene bewegbar ist, mit dem Zeitpunkt zusammenfällt, zu dem ein Endbetätigungs-Überhub erfolgt, durch den der Aktuator (2) die Weichenverschlussmittel in ihren Verriegelungszustand antreibt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    es die Schritte umfasst:
    a) Betätigen des Aktuators (2), so dass er eine erste vorbestimmte Kraft während des anfänglichen Betätigungsüberhubs zum Entriegeln der Weichenverschlussmittel ausüben kann;
    b) ferner Betätigen des Aktuators (2), so dass er eine zweite vorbestimmte Betätigungskraft während des Weichenumstell-Betätigungshubs ausüben kann
    c) ferner Betätigen des Aktuators (2), so dass er eine dritte vorbestimmte Kraft während des Endbetätigungs-Überhubs zum Verriegeln der Weichenverschlussmittel ausüben kann.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die erste vorbestimmte Kraft größer als die zweite vorbestimmte Kraft und als die dritte vorbestimmte Kraft ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei die zweite vorbestimmte Kraft und die dritte vorbestimmte Kraft gleich sind.
EP11179434.3A 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Stellvorrichtung für eine Eisenbahnweiche Active EP2565099B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11179434.3A EP2565099B1 (de) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Stellvorrichtung für eine Eisenbahnweiche
EP15175255.7A EP2960134B1 (de) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Weichenantrieb für eisenbahn- und strassenbahnweichen oder dergleichen
PL15175255T PL2960134T3 (pl) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Urządzenie przełączające do zwrotnic kolejowych i tramwajowych lub podobnych
AU2012211515A AU2012211515B2 (en) 2011-08-30 2012-08-13 Switch machine for railway and tramway switches or the like
AU2017200214A AU2017200214B9 (en) 2011-08-30 2017-01-12 Switch machine for railway and tramway switches or the like

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11179434.3A EP2565099B1 (de) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Stellvorrichtung für eine Eisenbahnweiche

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15175255.7A Division EP2960134B1 (de) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Weichenantrieb für eisenbahn- und strassenbahnweichen oder dergleichen
EP15175255.7A Division-Into EP2960134B1 (de) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Weichenantrieb für eisenbahn- und strassenbahnweichen oder dergleichen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2565099A1 EP2565099A1 (de) 2013-03-06
EP2565099A3 EP2565099A3 (de) 2014-08-06
EP2565099B1 true EP2565099B1 (de) 2017-11-29

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EP11179434.3A Active EP2565099B1 (de) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Stellvorrichtung für eine Eisenbahnweiche
EP15175255.7A Active EP2960134B1 (de) 2011-08-30 2011-08-30 Weichenantrieb für eisenbahn- und strassenbahnweichen oder dergleichen

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EP (2) EP2565099B1 (de)
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FR3059620B1 (fr) * 2016-12-01 2019-08-30 Vossloh Cogifer Dispositif de manœuvre pour aiguillage
CN107953900A (zh) * 2017-12-08 2018-04-24 张伟钢 转辙机防护罩的使用方法和转辙机用防护罩及转辙机
CN109823368B (zh) * 2019-02-23 2023-12-19 西安天宝信号技术有限公司 一种转辙机用集成式传动锁闭机构
CN113447291B (zh) * 2021-06-28 2022-05-24 西安铁路信号有限责任公司 一种转辙机摩擦联结器打滑或者溢流阀溢流的检测方法
DE102022210176A1 (de) 2022-09-27 2024-03-28 Siemens Mobility GmbH Weichenantrieb mit variabel einstellbarem Stellschieber

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2012211515A1 (en) 2013-03-21
AU2012211515B2 (en) 2017-09-14
AU2017200214B9 (en) 2018-11-22
EP2960134A1 (de) 2015-12-30
EP2565099A1 (de) 2013-03-06
PL2960134T3 (pl) 2020-11-16
AU2017200214B2 (en) 2018-11-15
EP2565099A3 (de) 2014-08-06
EP2960134B1 (de) 2020-02-05
AU2017200214A1 (en) 2017-02-02

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