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EP2557233B2 - Tool with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work - Google Patents

Tool with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2557233B2
EP2557233B2 EP11006636.2A EP11006636A EP2557233B2 EP 2557233 B2 EP2557233 B2 EP 2557233B2 EP 11006636 A EP11006636 A EP 11006636A EP 2557233 B2 EP2557233 B2 EP 2557233B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
motor
displacement
way
volume stream
Prior art date
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EP11006636.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2557233A1 (en
EP2557233B1 (en
Inventor
Christian Heichel
Albrecht Kleibl
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ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
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ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
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Application filed by ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH filed Critical ABI Anlagentechnik Baumaschinen Industriebedarf Maschinenfabrik und Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH
Priority to EP11006636.2A priority Critical patent/EP2557233B2/en
Priority to US13/571,710 priority patent/US9399850B2/en
Publication of EP2557233A1 publication Critical patent/EP2557233A1/en
Publication of EP2557233B1 publication Critical patent/EP2557233B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/18—Placing by vibrating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a ramming or drilling device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a ramming or drilling device according to the preamble of patent claim 4.
  • the hydraulic group usually consists of a hydraulic pump, preferably with a variable displacement (variable displacement pump), which is driven by a drive motor, e.g. B. an internal combustion engine is driven, a working device with hydraulic drive, z. B. a hydraulic motor and a control or regulating unit.
  • the hydraulic group is operated with a fluid in a hydraulic circuit. The product of the pressure and the volume flow of the fluid gives the hydraulic power.
  • Vibrating rams are used as working devices in order to insert objects, such as profiles, into the ground or to pull them out of the ground, or also to compact ground material.
  • the soil is excited by vibration and thus achieves a "pseudo-liquid" state.
  • the piling can then be pressed into the subsoil by static load.
  • Vibrating pile drivers regularly have linear vibration exciters whose centrifugal force is generated by rotating imbalances. The course of the speed of the linear vibration exciter corresponds to a periodically recurring function, for example a sine function.
  • the vibration exciters are operated with hydraulic rotary drives, which rotate the shafts on which the unbalanced masses are arranged.
  • the drive power required can vary considerably during operation. So require z. B. different soil conditions or different piling different drive power. When idling, on the other hand, the drive power required is very low. Situations therefore regularly arise in which the maximum power offered by the hydraulic circuit is not required or cannot be implemented. In the case of conventional vibration exciters with hydraulic motors that do not have a variable absorption volume (constant motors), the working pressure decreases with a constant volume flow, while the power losses in the hydraulic circuit that depend on the volume flow remain constant.
  • drills Tools with a hydraulic drive that are also widely used in construction are so-called drills. These are used, among other things, to create pile foundations, e.g. B. bored piles and concrete piles are used to increase the load-bearing capacity of the subsoil or for soil replacement measures.
  • the drilling drives connected to the drilling device are usually hydraulic rotary drives to which a drill rod or drilling tools is or are attached.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in which the efficiency is increased. According to the invention, this object is achieved by an implement having the features of patent claim 1 .
  • a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work in particular a piling or drilling device, is created which has a higher degree of efficiency. It has been shown that it makes sense from an energetic point of view to reduce the hydraulic volume flow instead of the pressure when the power requirement is lower.
  • a control and regulation unit that is set up in such a way that a drop in pressure in the hydraulic circuit causes a reduction in the volume flow, the drive of the implement is operated with less fluid at the same speed if maximum power is not required. On the one hand, this reduces the required power of the drive motor, which reduces diesel consumption and noise emissions.
  • a lower cooling capacity is required for the lower volume flow, which further reduces the energy requirement. Last but not least, the wear on the drive of the implement is reduced.
  • the torque required for drilling increases with increasing depth, for example due to increasing skin friction.
  • the tool is operated at maximum speed, but works with very low pressure due to the low load.
  • the power resulting from volume flow and pressure is low, the power loss, which results from the volume flow independently of the pressure, has already reached its maximum value.
  • the power converted at the implement increases with the pressure, the power loss remains approximately the same.
  • the pressure available at maximum flow rate the speed of the implement is reduced and the pressure continues to rise. If the speed of the implement continues to fall after the maximum permissible pressure has been reached, the pressure remains constant and the volume flow offered in the hydraulic circuit is reduced. As a result, the power offered in the hydraulic circuit can be called up just as little as with maximum volume flow and low pressure.
  • the tool is driven by an adjustment motor, a higher speed can be achieved at low loads and faster drilling can be achieved by reducing the absorption volume, or the power loss resulting from flow resistance is reduced by reducing the volume flow at the same time.
  • the characteristic curve of the hydraulic circuit usually the achievable pressure is shown as a function of the volume flow
  • the drilling rig should be operated within this range of the maximum available power.
  • the volume flow of the hydraulic circuit can be adjusted by appropriate pump settings, e.g. by changing the speed of the drive motor and/or changing the displacement of the pump.
  • the displacement of the variable motor is adjusted depending on the pressure, so that the implement is always operated in the range of maximum performance. At high loads, the speed of the implement will be lower than at low loads. If the power is not required, the displacement of the variable displacement motor and the flow rate should be reduced at the same time so that the optimal pressure is maintained and the losses in the hydraulic circuit are reduced to a minimum.
  • the displacement of the variable motor and the flow rate must be regulated as a function of the pressure.
  • the present invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to call up the power offered in a wide variety of operating situations, and on the other hand, the power loss can be reduced when the power requirement is low.
  • the "displacement" of a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic pump is to be understood as the amount of hydraulic fluid that is forced through during rotation. While conventional hydraulic motors with a fixed displacement can only reduce the speed by reducing the volume flow, which also reduces the power of the motor, with a hydraulic motor with a variable displacement the speed can be reduced at a constant volume flow by changing the displacement, which at the same time the engine torque is increased and the power remains constant.
  • a hydraulic motor with a variable displacement can be used to reduce the volumetric flow and thus the losses in the hydraulic group to a minimum with a reduced displacement and at the same pressure.
  • the power can be set via the volumetric flow provided by the hydraulic pump at a constant speed of the hydraulic motor.
  • the means for changing the volume flow are formed by a drive motor, by which the pump is operated, the speed of the drive motor being able to be reduced via the control and regulation unit to reduce the volume flow.
  • the hydraulic pump has a variable displacement, which forms the means for changing the volume flow, the displacement of the hydraulic pump being able to be reduced via the control and regulation unit to reduce the volume flow.
  • the present invention is also based on the object of providing a method for operating a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a ramming or drilling device, comprising at least one hydraulic motor with a variable displacement volume, which is operated via a fluid in a hydraulic circuit that is fed via a pump is to provide, which allows a higher efficiency of the tool.
  • this object is solved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 4.
  • the invention provides a method for operating an implement with a hydraulic drive, which enables an increase in the power transmission and reduces the losses in the hydraulic group to a minimum.
  • the hydraulic pump is driven by a drive motor, with the volume flow being reduced by reducing the speed of the motor. This achieves a reduction in fuel consumption and in the noise emissions caused by the engine.
  • a hydraulic pump with variable displacement is used, with the volume flow being reduced by reducing the displacement of the pump.
  • the vibration generator 1 selected as an exemplary embodiment of a vibrating hammer—not shown—essentially consists of a housing 10 in which working shafts 11 provided with gear wheels 12 are rotatably mounted.
  • the gear wheels 12 are each provided with unbalanced masses 13 , the gear wheels 12 of both working shafts 11 being in engagement with the rotor shaft 16 of a swivel motor 14 via gear wheels 15 .
  • the gear wheels 12 provided with unbalanced masses 13 can be adjusted in their rotational position relative to one another via the swivel motor 14, as a result of which the resulting imbalance or the resulting static moment can be adjusted.
  • the drive shafts 11 are each connected to a hydraulic motor 2, via which they can be driven.
  • Such vibrator transmissions are known to those skilled in the art, for example from DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 known.
  • FIG 2 the hydraulic circuit for a hydraulic motor 2 of the vibration generator 1 is created in principle.
  • the hydraulic motor 2 has a variable absorption volume and is fed via a variable displacement pump 3 which is driven via a drive motor 4 .
  • a pressure sensor 5 is arranged upstream of the hydraulic motor 2 in the hydraulic circuit and is connected to a control and regulating device 6 .
  • the control and regulating device 6 is set up in such a way that when there is a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 and the volume flow are reduced.
  • the control and regulating device 6 is connected both to the variable displacement pump 3 and to the drive motor 4 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the control and regulating device 6 can be used to set the proportion of a required reduction in the volume flow that is brought about by reducing the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 or by reducing the speed of the drive motor 4 .
  • the volume flow can also be reduced only by reducing the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 or only by reducing the speed of the drive motor 4 .
  • the pressure of the hydraulic circuit in front of the hydraulic motor 2 is continuously recorded via the pressure sensor 5 and reported to the control and regulating device 6 . If a drop in pressure is detected, which can be caused, for example, by a change in the condition of the ground and the associated reduced power requirement, or also by a rest phase during work, the speed of the drive motor 4 is reduced and/or the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 is reduced. At the same time, the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 is reduced via the control and regulating device 6 in such a way that the speed of the hydraulic motor 2 remains constant.
  • the speed of the drive motor 4 is increased and/or the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 is increased, with the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 being increased at the same time to such an extent that the speed continues to remain constant.
  • the power of the vibrator can be adjusted via the volume flow that is provided by the variable displacement pump 3 according to the power called up.
  • This method can also be applied to the operation of other working devices with a hydraulic drive, such as drilling devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere ein Ramm- oder Bohrgerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Arbeitsgerätes mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere eines Ramm- oder Bohrgerätes nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 4.The invention relates to a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a ramming or drilling device according to the preamble of patent claim 1. The invention also relates to a method for operating a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a ramming or drilling device according to the preamble of patent claim 4.

Im Bauwesen werden unterschiedliche Arbeitsgeräte mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten in einer hydraulischen Gruppe betrieben. Die hydraulische Gruppe besteht in der Regel aus einer Hydraulikpumpe, vorzugsweise mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen (Verstellpumpe), die von einem Antriebsmotor, z. B. einem Verbrennungsmotor, angetrieben wird, einem Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb, z. B. einem Hydraulikmotor sowie einer Steuer- bzw. Regeleinheit. Die hydraulische Gruppe wird mit einem Fluid in einem Hydraulickreislauf betrieben. Das Produkt aus Druck und Volumenstrom des Fluids ergibt die hydraulische Leistung.In the construction industry, different implements with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work are operated in one hydraulic group. The hydraulic group usually consists of a hydraulic pump, preferably with a variable displacement (variable displacement pump), which is driven by a drive motor, e.g. B. an internal combustion engine is driven, a working device with hydraulic drive, z. B. a hydraulic motor and a control or regulating unit. The hydraulic group is operated with a fluid in a hydraulic circuit. The product of the pressure and the volume flow of the fluid gives the hydraulic power.

Als Arbeitsgeräte werden beispielsweise Vibrationsrammen verwendet, um Objekte, wie beispielsweise Profile, in den Boden einzubringen oder aus dem Boden zu ziehen oder auch um Bodenmaterial zu verdichten. Der Boden wird durch Vibration angeregt und erreicht so ein "pseudoflüssigen" Zustand. Durch statische Auflast kann das Rammgut dann in den Baugrund gedrückt werden. Vibrationsrammen weisen regelmäßig linear wirkende Schwingungserreger auf, deren Fliehkraft durch rotierende Unwuchten generiert wird. Der Verlauf der Geschwindigkeit des linearen Schwingungserregers entspricht einer periodisch wiederkehrenden Funktion, beispielsweise einer Sinusfunktion.Vibrating rams, for example, are used as working devices in order to insert objects, such as profiles, into the ground or to pull them out of the ground, or also to compact ground material. The soil is excited by vibration and thus achieves a "pseudo-liquid" state. The piling can then be pressed into the subsoil by static load. Vibrating pile drivers regularly have linear vibration exciters whose centrifugal force is generated by rotating imbalances. The course of the speed of the linear vibration exciter corresponds to a periodically recurring function, for example a sine function.

Die Schwingungserreger werden mit hydraulischen Drehantrieben betrieben, welche die Wellen, auf denen die Unwuchten angeordnet sind, in Rotation versetzen.The vibration exciters are operated with hydraulic rotary drives, which rotate the shafts on which the unbalanced masses are arranged.

Die erforderliche Antriebsleistung kann im Betrieb erheblich differieren. So erfordern z. B. unterschiedliche Bodenbeschaffenheiten oder unterschiedliches Rammgut unterschiedliche Antriebsleistungen. Im Leerlauf hingegen ist die erforderliche Antriebsleistung sehr gering. Regelmäßig treten somit Situationen auf, in denen die vom Hydraulikkreislauf angebotene maximale Leistung nicht erforderlich ist, bzw. nicht umgesetzt werden kann. Bei herkömmlichen Schwingungserregern mit Hydraulikmotoren, die nicht über ein veränderbares Schluckvolumen (Konstantmotoren) verfügen, geht dabei bei konstantem Volumenstrom der Arbeitsdruck zurück, die vom Volumenstrom abhängigen Leistungsverluste im Hydraulikkreislauf bleiben dabei konstant.The drive power required can vary considerably during operation. So require z. B. different soil conditions or different piling different drive power. When idling, on the other hand, the drive power required is very low. Situations therefore regularly arise in which the maximum power offered by the hydraulic circuit is not required or cannot be implemented. In the case of conventional vibration exciters with hydraulic motors that do not have a variable absorption volume (constant motors), the working pressure decreases with a constant volume flow, while the power losses in the hydraulic circuit that depend on the volume flow remain constant.

Bei Schwingungserregern mit Hydraulikmotoren mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen (Verstellmotoren) ist, wie dem Fachmann aus EP2085149A1 bekannt, ein Betrieb in unterschiedlichen Drehzahlbereichen ohne Leistungsabfall möglich.In the case of vibration exciters with hydraulic motors with variable displacement (adjustable motors), as a specialist EP2085149A1 known, operation in different speed ranges possible without loss of performance.

Weiterhin im Bauwesen verbreitete Arbeitsgeräte mit hydraulischem Antrieb sind so genannte Bohrgeräte. Diese werden unter anderem zur Herstellung von Pfahlgründungen, z. B. Bohrpfähle und Betonpfähle zur Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit des Baugrundes oder für Bodenaustauschmaßnahmen verwendet. Die mit dem Bohrgerät verbundenen Bohrantriebe sind in der Regel hydraulische Drehantriebe, an denen ein Bohrgestänge bzw. Bohrwerkzeuge befestigt ist bzw. sind.Tools with a hydraulic drive that are also widely used in construction are so-called drills. These are used, among other things, to create pile foundations, e.g. B. bored piles and concrete piles are used to increase the load-bearing capacity of the subsoil or for soil replacement measures. The drilling drives connected to the drilling device are usually hydraulic rotary drives to which a drill rod or drilling tools is or are attached.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten bereitzustellen, bei dem der Wirkungsgrad erhöht ist. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Arbeitsgerät mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The object of the present invention is to provide a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in which the efficiency is increased. According to the invention, this object is achieved by an implement having the features of patent claim 1 .

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Arbeitsgerät mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere ein Ramm- oder Bohrgerät geschaffen, das einen höheren Wirkungsgrad aufweist. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass es energetisch sinnvoll ist, bei geringerem Leistungsbedarf den hydraulischen Volumenstrom anstatt des Drucks zu reduzieren. Durch das Vorsehen einer Steuer- und Regeleinheit, die derart eingerichtet ist, dass bei einem Druckabfall im Hydraulikkreislauf eine Verringerung des Volumenstroms bewirkt ist, wird der Antrieb des Arbeitsgerätes, wenn maximale Leistung nicht erforderlich ist, bei gleicher Drehzahl mit weniger Fluid betrieben. Hierdurch wird zum einen die abgerufene Leistung des Antriebsmotors reduziert, wodurch Dieselverbrauch sowie Lärmemission vermindert wird. Darüber hinaus ist für den geringeren Volumenstrom eine geringere Kühlleistung erforderlich, wodurch der Energiebedarf weiter gesenkt wird. Nicht zuletzt wird der Verschleiß des Antriebes des Arbeitsgerätes reduziert.With the invention, a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a piling or drilling device, is created which has a higher degree of efficiency. It has been shown that it makes sense from an energetic point of view to reduce the hydraulic volume flow instead of the pressure when the power requirement is lower. By providing a control and regulation unit that is set up in such a way that a drop in pressure in the hydraulic circuit causes a reduction in the volume flow, the drive of the implement is operated with less fluid at the same speed if maximum power is not required. On the one hand, this reduces the required power of the drive motor, which reduces diesel consumption and noise emissions. In addition, a lower cooling capacity is required for the lower volume flow, which further reduces the energy requirement. Last but not least, the wear on the drive of the implement is reduced.

Herkömmliche Bohrgeräte treiben das Arbeitgerät mit Hydraulikmotoren an, die entweder nicht über ein veränderbares Schluckvolumen verfügen (Konstantmotor) oder deren veränderbares Schluckvolumen (Verstellmotor) auf mehrere fest vorgegebene Werte einstellbar ist. Bei Konstantmotoren ergibt sich die maximale Motordrehzahl aus dem im Hydraulikkreislauf angebotenen Volumenstrom, wobei üblicherweise bei maximalem Volumenstrom der verfügbare Druck etwas geringer ist als der Maximaldruck, der meist über einen weiten Drehzahlbereich bis kurz unterhalb der Maximaldrehzahl zugelassen wird.Conventional drilling devices drive the working device with hydraulic motors that either do not have a variable displacement (constant motor) or whose variable displacement (variable motor) can be set to several fixed values. With constant motors, the maximum motor speed results from the volume flow available in the hydraulic circuit, whereby the available pressure is usually slightly lower at maximum volume flow than the maximum pressure, which is usually permitted over a wide speed range to just below the maximum speed.

Allgemein steigt das zum Bohren erforderliche Drehmoment, beispielsweise durch wachsende Mantelreibung, mit zunehmender Tiefe an. Zu Beginn der Bohrung, sozusagen im Leerlauf, wird das Arbeitsgerät mit Maximaldrehzahl betrieben, arbeitet aber aufgrund der geringen Belastung mit sehr niedrigem Druck. Die sich aus Volumenstrom und Druck ergebende Leistung ist gering, die Verlustleistung, die sich unabhängig vom Druck aus dem Volumenstrom ergibt, erreicht bereits ihren Maximalwert. Mit steigender Mantelreibung steigt mit dem Druck die am Arbeitsgerät umgesetzte Leistung an, die Verlustleistung bleibt annähernd gleich. Mit Erreichen des bei maximaler Fördermenge verfügbaren Drucks reduziert sich die Drehzahl des Arbeitsgeräts, der Druck steigt weiter. Sinkt die Drehzahl des Arbeitsgeräts nach Erreichen des zulässigen Maximaldrucks weiter ab, bleibt der Druck konstant, der im Hydraulikkreislauf angebotene Volumenstrom reduziert sich. Damit kann die im Hydraulikkreislauf angebotene Leistung ebenso wenig abgerufen werden wie bei maximalem Volumenstrom und niedrigem Druck.In general, the torque required for drilling increases with increasing depth, for example due to increasing skin friction. At the start of drilling, idling so to speak, the tool is operated at maximum speed, but works with very low pressure due to the low load. The power resulting from volume flow and pressure is low, the power loss, which results from the volume flow independently of the pressure, has already reached its maximum value. With increasing skin friction, the power converted at the implement increases with the pressure, the power loss remains approximately the same. With achievement of the pressure available at maximum flow rate, the speed of the implement is reduced and the pressure continues to rise. If the speed of the implement continues to fall after the maximum permissible pressure has been reached, the pressure remains constant and the volume flow offered in the hydraulic circuit is reduced. As a result, the power offered in the hydraulic circuit can be called up just as little as with maximum volume flow and low pressure.

Wird das Schluckvolumen eines Arbeitsgerätes mit Verstellmotor auf fest vorgegebenen Werten schrittweise verstellt, kann auf die sich ändernden Anforderungen besser reagiert werden, prinzipiell verhält sich jedoch ein solcher Antrieb ebenso wie ein Konstantmotor, nur in gewissen vorgegebenen Stufungen.If the displacement of an implement with an adjustable motor is gradually adjusted to fixed values, it is easier to respond to changing requirements. In principle, however, such a drive behaves like a constant motor, only in certain predefined steps.

Wird das Arbeitsgerät durch einen Verstellmotor angetrieben, kann bei niedriger Belastung entweder durch Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens eine höhere Drehzahl erreicht und schneller gebohrt werden oder es wird durch gleichzeitige Reduzierung des Volumenstroms die sich aus Strömungswiderständen ergebende Verlustleistung verkleinert. Entlang der Kennlinie des Hydraulikkreislaufs (üblicherweise wird der erreichbare Druck in Abhängigkeit vom Volumenstrom dargestellt) befindet sich ein Bereich, in dem das Produkt aus Druck (bzw. Differenzdruck am Hydraulikmotor) und Volumenstrom einen Maximalwert erreicht. Um die maximale Arbeitsleistung zu erreichen, sollte das Bohrgerät in diesem Bereich der maximal verfügbaren Leistung betrieben werden. Der Volumenstrom des Hydraulikkreislaufs kann durch entsprechende Einstellungen der Pumpe, z .B. durch Drehzahländerung des Antriebsmotors und/oder verändertes Schluckvolumen der Pumpe vorgegeben werden. Das Schluckvolumen des Verstellmotors wird in Abhängigkeit vom Druck eingestellt, so dass das Arbeitsgerät immer im Bereich der maximalen Leistung betrieben wird. Bei hoher Belastung wird die Drehzahl des Arbeitsgerätes niedriger sein als bei geringer Belastung. Wird die Leistung nicht benötigt, sollten Schluckvolumen des Verstellmotors und Volumenstrom gleichzeitig reduziert werden, so dass der optimale Druck erhalten bleibt und die Verluste im hydraulischen Kreislauf auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.If the tool is driven by an adjustment motor, a higher speed can be achieved at low loads and faster drilling can be achieved by reducing the absorption volume, or the power loss resulting from flow resistance is reduced by reducing the volume flow at the same time. Along the characteristic curve of the hydraulic circuit (usually the achievable pressure is shown as a function of the volume flow) there is a range in which the product of the pressure (or differential pressure at the hydraulic motor) and the volume flow reaches a maximum value. In order to achieve the maximum work output, the drilling rig should be operated within this range of the maximum available power. The volume flow of the hydraulic circuit can be adjusted by appropriate pump settings, e.g. by changing the speed of the drive motor and/or changing the displacement of the pump. The displacement of the variable motor is adjusted depending on the pressure, so that the implement is always operated in the range of maximum performance. At high loads, the speed of the implement will be lower than at low loads. If the power is not required, the displacement of the variable displacement motor and the flow rate should be reduced at the same time so that the optimal pressure is maintained and the losses in the hydraulic circuit are reduced to a minimum.

Um die beschriebenen Betriebszustände zu erreichen, muss das Schluckvolumen des Verstellmotors sowie der Volumenstrom in Abhängigkeit vom Druck geregelt werden. Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht es einerseits, die angebotene Leistung in unterschiedlichsten Betriebssituationen abzurufen, andererseits kann bei niedrigerem Leistungsbedarf die Verlustleistung reduziert werden.In order to achieve the operating conditions described, the displacement of the variable motor and the flow rate must be regulated as a function of the pressure. The present invention makes it possible, on the one hand, to call up the power offered in a wide variety of operating situations, and on the other hand, the power loss can be reduced when the power requirement is low.

Unter dem "Schluckvolumen" eines hydraulischen Motors bzw. einer hydraulischen Pumpe ist die Menge an Hydraulikfluid zu verstehen, die bei Umdrehung durchgesetzt wird. Während bei konventionellen Hydraulikmotoren mit festem Schluckvolumen eine Reduzierung der Drehzahl nur über eine Verringerung des Volumenstromes möglich ist, wodurch gleichzeitig die Leistung des Motors verringert wird, kann mit einem Hydraulikmotor mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen bei konstantem Volumenstrom durch Veränderung des Schluckvolumens die Drehzahl verringert werden, wodurch gleichzeitig das Drehmoment des Motors erhöht wird und die Leistung konstant bleibt.The "displacement" of a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic pump is to be understood as the amount of hydraulic fluid that is forced through during rotation. While conventional hydraulic motors with a fixed displacement can only reduce the speed by reducing the volume flow, which also reduces the power of the motor, with a hydraulic motor with a variable displacement the speed can be reduced at a constant volume flow by changing the displacement, which at the same time the engine torque is increased and the power remains constant.

Bei verringertem Leistungsbedarf kann mit einem Hydraulikmotor mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen bei verringertem Schluckvolumen und bei gleichem Druck der Volumenstrom und damit die Verluste in der hydraulischen Gruppe auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Mit anderen Worten, mit konstanter Druckeinstellung kann die Leistung über den Volumenstrom, der von der Hydraulikpumpe bereitgestellt wird, bei konstanter Drehzahl des Hydraulikmotors eingestellt werden.When the power requirement is reduced, a hydraulic motor with a variable displacement can be used to reduce the volumetric flow and thus the losses in the hydraulic group to a minimum with a reduced displacement and at the same pressure. In other words, with a constant pressure setting, the power can be set via the volumetric flow provided by the hydraulic pump at a constant speed of the hydraulic motor.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die Mittel zur Änderung des Volumenstroms durch einen Antriebsmotor gebildet, durch den die Pumpe betrieben ist, wobei zur Verringerung des Volumenstroms die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors über die Steuer- und Regeleinheit reduzierbar ist. Durch die Reduzierung der Motordrehzahl wird der Kraftstoffverbrauch minimiert sowie von dem Motor indizierte Lärmemissionen reduziert.In a development of the invention, the means for changing the volume flow are formed by a drive motor, by which the pump is operated, the speed of the drive motor being able to be reduced via the control and regulation unit to reduce the volume flow. By reducing the engine speed, fuel consumption is minimized and noise emissions induced by the engine are reduced.

Alternativ oder in Kombination weist die Hydraulikpumpe ein variables Schluckvolumen auf, wodurch die Mittel zur Änderung des Volumenstroms gebildet sind, wobei das Schluckvolumen der Hydraulikpumpe zur Verringerung des Volumenstroms über die Steuer- und Regeleinheit reduzierbar ist.Alternatively or in combination, the hydraulic pump has a variable displacement, which forms the means for changing the volume flow, the displacement of the hydraulic pump being able to be reduced via the control and regulation unit to reduce the volume flow.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt weiterhin die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Arbeitsgerätes mit hydraulischem Antrieb für Tiefbauarbeiten, insbesondere eines Ramm- oder Bohrgerätes, umfassend wenigstens einen Hydraulikmotor mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen, der über ein Fluid eines Hydraulikkreislaufs betrieben ist, der über eine Pumpe gespeist ist, bereitzustellen, welches einen höheren Wirkungsgrad des Arbeitsgerätes ermöglicht. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruchs 4 gelöst.The present invention is also based on the object of providing a method for operating a working device with a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, in particular a ramming or drilling device, comprising at least one hydraulic motor with a variable displacement volume, which is operated via a fluid in a hydraulic circuit that is fed via a pump is to provide, which allows a higher efficiency of the tool. According to the invention, this object is solved by the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 4.

Mit der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Arbeitsgerätes mit hydraulischem Antrieb geschaffen, das eine Erhöhung der Leistungsübertragung ermöglicht, bzw. die Verluste der hydraulischen Gruppe auf ein Minimum reduziert.The invention provides a method for operating an implement with a hydraulic drive, which enables an increase in the power transmission and reduces the losses in the hydraulic group to a minimum.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Hydraulikpumpe über einen Antriebsmotor angetrieben, wobei die Reduzierung des Volumenstroms durch Reduzierung der Drehzahl des Motors erfolgt. Hierdurch ist eine Reduzierung des Treibstoffverbrauchs sowie der durch den Motor initiierten Lärmimmissionen erzielt.In a development of the invention, the hydraulic pump is driven by a drive motor, with the volume flow being reduced by reducing the speed of the motor. This achieves a reduction in fuel consumption and in the noise emissions caused by the engine.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird eine Hydraulikpumpe mit veränderbarem Schluckvolumen eingesetzt, wobei die Reduzierung des Volumenstroms durch eine Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens der Pumpe erfolgt.In a further embodiment of the invention, a hydraulic pump with variable displacement is used, with the volume flow being reduced by reducing the displacement of the pump.

Andere Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den übrigen Unteransprüchen angegeben. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird nachfolgend im Einzelnen beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
die schematische Darstellung eines Schwingungserzeugers einer Vibrationsramme im Längsschnitt und
Figur 2
die schematische Darstellung des Hydraulickreislaufs der hydraulischen Antriebe des Schwingungserzeugers gemäß Figur 1.
Other developments and refinements of the invention are specified in the remaining dependent claims. An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is described in detail below. Show it:
figure 1
the schematic representation of a vibration generator of a vibratory hammer in longitudinal section and
figure 2
the schematic representation of the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic drives of the vibrator according to figure 1 .

Der als Ausführungsbeispiel gewählte Schwingungserzeuger 1 einer - nicht dargestellten - Vibrationsramme besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Gehäuse 10, in dem mit Zahnrädern 12 versehene Arbeitswellen 11 drehbar gelagert sind. Die Zahnräder 12 sind jeweils mit Unwuchtmassen 13 versehen, wobei die Zahnräder 12 beider Arbeitswellen 11 über Zahnräder 15 mit der Rotorwelle 16 eines Schwenkmotors 14 im Eingriff sind. Die mit Unwuchtmassen 13 versehenen Zahnräder 12 sind über den Schwenkmotor 14 in ihrer rotatorischen Position relativ zueinander verstellbar, wodurch die resultierende Unwucht beziehungsweise das resultierende statische Moment einstellbar ist. Die Antriebswellen 11 sind jeweils mit einem Hydraulikmotor 2 verbunden, über den sie antreibbar sind. Derartige Vibratorgetriebe sind dem Fachmann beispielsweise aus der DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 bekannt.The vibration generator 1 selected as an exemplary embodiment of a vibrating hammer—not shown—essentially consists of a housing 10 in which working shafts 11 provided with gear wheels 12 are rotatably mounted. The gear wheels 12 are each provided with unbalanced masses 13 , the gear wheels 12 of both working shafts 11 being in engagement with the rotor shaft 16 of a swivel motor 14 via gear wheels 15 . The gear wheels 12 provided with unbalanced masses 13 can be adjusted in their rotational position relative to one another via the swivel motor 14, as a result of which the resulting imbalance or the resulting static moment can be adjusted. The drive shafts 11 are each connected to a hydraulic motor 2, via which they can be driven. Such vibrator transmissions are known to those skilled in the art, for example from DE 20 2007 005 283 U1 known.

In Figur 2 ist der Hydraulikkreislauf für einen Hydraulikmotor 2 des Schwingungserzeugers 1 prinzipiell erstellt. Der Hydraulikmotor 2 weist ein veränderbares Schluckvolumen auf und wird über eine Verstellpumpe 3 gespeist, die über einen Antriebsmotor 4 angetrieben ist. In dem Hydraulikkreislauf ist dem Hydraulikmotor 2 vorgeschaltet ein Drucksensor 5 angeordnet, der mit einer Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 verbunden ist. Die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 ist derart eingerichtet, dass bei einem Druckabfall im Hydraulikkreislauf eine Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens des Hydraulikmotors 2 sowie eine Verringerung des Volumenstroms bewirkt ist. Hierzu ist die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 im Ausführungsbeispiel sowohl mit der Verstellpumpe 3, als auch mit dem Antriebsmotor 4 verbunden. In der Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 ist einstellbar, zu welchem Anteil eine erforderliche Verringerung des Volumenstroms durch Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens der Verstellpumpe 3 beziehungsweise durch Verminderung der Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors 4 bewirkt wird. Selbstverständlich ist die Verringerung des Volumenstroms auch nur durch Reduzierung des Schluckvolumens der Verstellpumpe 3 beziehungsweise nur durch Verringerung der Drehzahl des Antriebesmotors 4 möglich.In figure 2 the hydraulic circuit for a hydraulic motor 2 of the vibration generator 1 is created in principle. The hydraulic motor 2 has a variable absorption volume and is fed via a variable displacement pump 3 which is driven via a drive motor 4 . A pressure sensor 5 is arranged upstream of the hydraulic motor 2 in the hydraulic circuit and is connected to a control and regulating device 6 . The control and regulating device 6 is set up in such a way that when there is a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 and the volume flow are reduced. For this purpose, the control and regulating device 6 is connected both to the variable displacement pump 3 and to the drive motor 4 in the exemplary embodiment. The control and regulating device 6 can be used to set the proportion of a required reduction in the volume flow that is brought about by reducing the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 or by reducing the speed of the drive motor 4 . Of course, the volume flow can also be reduced only by reducing the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 or only by reducing the speed of the drive motor 4 .

Im Betrieb des Schwingungserzeugers 1 wird der Druck des Hydraulikkreislaufs vor dem Hydraulikmotor 2 kontinuierlich über den Drucksensor 5 erfasst und an die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 gemeldet. Wird ein Druckabfall detektiert, der beispielsweise durch eine Veränderung der Bodenbeschaffenheit und des damit verbundenen verringerten Leistungsbedarfs, oder auch durch eine Ruhephase im Arbeitsbetrieb bedingt sein kann, wird die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors 4 reduziert und/oder das Schluckvolumen der Verstellpumpe 3 verringert. Gleichzeitig wird das Schluckvolumen des Hydraulikmotors 2 über die Steuer- und Regeleinrichtung 6 derart verringert, dass die Drehzahl des Hydraulikmotors 2 konstant bleibt. Zeigt der Drucksensor 5 einen Druckanstieg im Hydraulikkreislauf an, der regelmäßig durch eine erhöhte Leistungsanforderung bedingt ist, wird die Drehzahl des Antriebsmotors 4 erhöht und/oder das Schluckvolumen der Verstellpumpe 3 erhöht, wobei gleichzeitig das Schluckvolumen des Hydraulikmotors 2 soweit vergrößert wird, dass die Drehzahl weiterhin konstant bleibt. Auf diese Weise ist die Leistung des Schwingungserzeugers über den Volumenstrom, der von der Verstellpumpe 3 bereitgestellt wird, entsprechend der abgerufenen Leistung einstellbar. Dieses Verfahren ist gleichsam auf den Betrieb von anderen Arbeitsgeräten mit hydraulischem Antrieb, wie beispielsweise von Bohrgeräten übertragbar.When the vibration generator 1 is in operation, the pressure of the hydraulic circuit in front of the hydraulic motor 2 is continuously recorded via the pressure sensor 5 and reported to the control and regulating device 6 . If a drop in pressure is detected, which can be caused, for example, by a change in the condition of the ground and the associated reduced power requirement, or also by a rest phase during work, the speed of the drive motor 4 is reduced and/or the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 is reduced. At the same time, the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 is reduced via the control and regulating device 6 in such a way that the speed of the hydraulic motor 2 remains constant. If the pressure sensor 5 indicates an increase in pressure in the hydraulic circuit, which is regularly caused by an increased power requirement, the speed of the drive motor 4 is increased and/or the displacement of the variable displacement pump 3 is increased, with the displacement of the hydraulic motor 2 being increased at the same time to such an extent that the speed continues to remain constant. In this way, the power of the vibrator can be adjusted via the volume flow that is provided by the variable displacement pump 3 according to the power called up. This method can also be applied to the operation of other working devices with a hydraulic drive, such as drilling devices.

Claims (6)

  1. Work device having a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, particularly a pile-driving or drilling device, comprising at least one shaft that can be rotated by way of a hydraulic motor, wherein the hydraulic motor is operated by way of a fluid of a hydraulic circuit, which circuit is supplied by way of a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic motor (2) has a changeable displacement, and that means for a change in the volume stream are provided, characterized in that a sensor (5) for measuring the fluid pressure is disposed in the hydraulic circuit, which sensor is connected with a control and regulation unit (6), by way of which the displacement of the hydraulic motor (2) is adjustable, and by way of which the means for a change in the volume stream can be turned on, wherein the control and regulation unit (6) is set up in such a manner that in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic curcuit reported by the sensor (5) to the control and regulation unit (6), a reduction in the displacement of the hydraulic motor (2) and, at the same time, a reduction in the volume stream is brought about by the control and regulation unit (6) in such a way that the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor (2) remains constant.
  2. Vibration exciter according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for a change in the volume stream are formed by a drive motor (4) by means of which the hydraulic pump (3) is operated, wherein the speed of rotation of the drive motor (4) can be reduced by way of the control and regulation unit (6), to reduce the volume stream.
  3. Vibration exciter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (3) has a changeable displacement, thereby forming the means for a change in the volume stream, wherein the displacement can be reduced to reduce the volume stream, by way of the control and regulation unit (6).
  4. Method for operation of a work device having a hydraulic drive for civil engineering work, particularly of a pile-driving or drilling device, comprising at least one hydraulic motor having a changeable displacement, which is operated by way of a fluid of a hydraulic circuit, which is supplied by way of a hydraulic pump, characterized in that in the event of a pressure drop in the hydraulic circuit, the displacement of the hydraulic motor (2) and simultaneously the volume stream is reduced in such a way that the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor (2) remains constant.
  5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the hydraulic pump (3) is driven by way of a drive motor (4), wherein the reduction in the volume stream takes place by means of a reduction in the speed of rotation of the motor (4).
  6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a hydraulic pump (3) having a changeable displacement is used, wherein the reduction in the volume stream takes place by means of a reduction in the displacement of the pump (3).
EP11006636.2A 2011-08-12 2011-08-12 Tool with hydraulic drive for civil engineering work Active EP2557233B2 (en)

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